87:
765:(1987), also known as 'The Brundtland Report', and Stephen Dovers, former Director of the Fenner School of Environment and Society at the Australian National University, the IIC understands sustainability to comprise seven 'Interlocking Crises': Biodiversity Loss; Climate Change; Global Security; Pollution and Wastes; Population; Poverty and Development; and Resource Use.
33:
459:
IIC Fellows are senior members of the profession who are elected by the existing body of
Fellows. Fellowship of IIC is open to all members who are actively engaged in the profession of conservation. Fellows must be able to demonstrate commitment to the profession and to show that they keep up-to-date
804:
This agreement between the
International Institute for Conservation (IIC), the International Council of Museums - Committee for Conservation (ICOM-CC) and the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) organizes an international coalition to
781:
A joint declaration on environmental guidelines between the
International Institute for Conservation (IIC) and the International Council of Museums, Committee for Conservation (ICOM-CC) was published in September 2014, following discussion at the ICOM-CC Melbourne Conference (September 15–19, 2014)
698:
In 2011 IIC instigated its
Student & Emerging Conservator Conference series. These events are aimed at helping recent graduates and those still studying conservation to develop their skills and gain valuable career insights. They offer invaluable networking opportunities and panel discussions
735:
IIC's
Regional Groups began in 1958. Regional Groups are independent associations affiliated or associated with IIC. A Regional Group is required to adhere to the aims and objectives of the IIC as expressed in the Memorandum of Association. Its by-laws must be approved by the IIC Council and its
532:
publishes original work on a range of subjects including, but not limited to, advances in conservation practice, novel methods of treatment, preventive conservation, issues of collection care, conservation history and ethics, examination methods for works of art, new research in the analysis of
392:
On April 27, 1950, the
International Institute for the Conservation of Museum Objects (which acquired its present name in 1959) was incorporated as a limited company in the United Kingdom. Its aims were "to improve the state of knowledge and standards of practice and to provide a common meeting
418:
The membership was to consist of
Fellows who were to be persons highly qualified in (or in positions of great authority in) conservation and Associates who were to be "persons anxious to promote the objects of the Institute". Later a category of Institutional Members was introduced.
367:
and the formation of an international body of conservators to continue the interchange of information on the care and conservation of works of art. Between 1946 and 1948 a series of meetings was held to discuss these proposals. Foremost among those involved in the meetings were
313:
578:
IIC operates a lively
Facebook page and Twitter and LinkedIn presence as well as a discussion group on LinkedIn. These allow for the rapid sharing of conservation news and events and, at LinkedIn, an active discussion forum for conservation issues and topics
460:
with relevant developments. Indicators include publications, voluntary service to conservation organisations, participation in conferences and training events, membership of other relevant professional bodies, and accreditation by a national organisation.
1148:
569:
contains news from the IIC Council and regional groups, as well as job vacancies, conference listings, and notices, along with a mixture of news stories, features, interviews, and other articles relating to all aspects of conservation in every issue.
383:
Commission on the Care of
Paintings in London, it was announced that a new international institute for conservation was about to be incorporated with offices in London and that its interests would be the scientific and technical study of the subject.
339:
held a conference in Rome on the examination and conservation of works of art. Following this meeting, the
Museums Office issued a series of publications on the subject. In 1932 a technical journal of conservation studies,
449:
The IIC membership grew quickly. In October 1952 there were 62 members (38 of them Fellows) with 64 candidates for associate membership in process of election; by March 1952, there were 167 members (50 of them Fellows).
300:
IIC's Council attempts to reflect the geographical and professional balance of the worldwide conservation profession. Council members, including the secretary-general and treasurer, are volunteers, as are the editors of
564:
is published electronically every other month. It aims to provide a place where opinions, news, and information can be shared and discussed. Free to the general public for download from the IIC web-site,
832:
1257:
837:
867:
1252:
468:
Student membership of IIC is for those enrolled in a full-time programme of education, training or work experience under the supervision of a professional conservator.
152:
professionals with over two thousand members in over fifty countries. IIC seeks to promote the knowledge, methods and working standards needed to protect and preserve
393:
ground and publishing body for all who are interested in and professionally skilled in the conservation of museum objects”. The institute was to be concerned with:
1174:"IIC, ICCROM, and ICOM-CC agree Joint Commitment for Climate Action in Cultural Heritage | International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works"
504:, was first published in 1955. With changing editorship, it ran for five volumes ending with Vol.5, no.4 (Autumn 1965). In 2000, the first volume of the annual
773:
IIC aims to decrease its carbon footprint as far as practicably possible. 2030 is the deadline for Scope 1 and 2 emissions with Scope 3 emissions for 2050.
599:. Subsequently, conferences have been held at two- or three-year intervals with published preprints on a topic of current interest. Past conferences are:
471:
Institutional IIC membership is intended for museum and galleries, libraries and archives, conservation schools, research institutes and commercial firms.
1242:
360:
1173:
324:
244:
363:
and the repatriation of art treasures after World War II brought together experts from Europe and the United States. They proposed the revival of
211:
411:. London was chosen as the "midpoint" between the United States and continental Europe. Office space was provided free by the Trustees of the
400:
Publications: abstracts of the technical literature, and original work with a scientific bias - the end of the "secrets of the Old Masters"
741:
591:, the IIC held its first international conference. That meeting, in Rome, was attended by 150 people, and the papers were published by
855:
53:
932:
827:
380:
317:
1247:
887:
Packard, Elisabeth C.G. George Stout and the Art Technical Sections of the AAM annual meetings in the 1930s and 1940s. Part II.
446:. George Stout became the IIC's first president, with Harold Plenderleith its treasurer and Ian Rawlins its secretary-general.
229:
183:
264:
1075:"Environmental Sustainability and Carbon Analysis | International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works"
465:
IIC Individual membership is open to those working in conservation and with an interest in conserving the world's heritage.
1074:
49:
149:
45:
736:
officers should be members of IIC. The first Regional Groups formed were the IIC-United Kingdom Group (now Icon, the
1018:
271:
225:
179:
737:
443:
412:
257:
190:
86:
1198:"MoU with Climate Heritage Network | International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works"
982:"Browse News in Conservation | International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works"
813:
IIC has signed an MoU with the Climate Heritage Network to help mitigate issues related to climate change.
744:). There are currently Regional Groups in Scandinavia, Austria, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, and
1014:
961:"Studies in Conservation | International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works"
588:
17:
1197:
658:
Works of Art on Paper. Books, Documents and Photographs. Techniques and Conservation (Baltimore 2002)
533:
artistic materials or mechanisms of deterioration, and conservation issues in display and storage.
427:
408:
688:
Conservation and Change: Response, Adaptation, and Leadership (New Zealand 2022, Hybrid congress )
1129:
1056:
349:
204:
914:
The international journal of museum management and curatorship 1, no. 2 (1982 Jun), pp. 159-161.
1121:
928:
822:
336:
1111:
1048:
525:
435:
373:
314:
International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property
500:, an international journal of abstracts of the technical literature and the forerunner of
423:
369:
353:
116:
439:
685:
Current Practices and Challenges in Built Heritage Conservation (Edinburgh 2020, Online)
943:
Anon. The International Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
293:
286:
197:
1236:
1133:
1060:
679:
Saving the Now: Crossing Boundaries to Conserve Contemporary Works (Los Angeles 2016)
676:
An Unbroken History: Conserving East Asian Works of Art and Heritage (Hong Kong 2014)
431:
592:
528:, produced eight times a year, on the conservation of historic and artistic works.
1116:
1099:
981:
960:
426:, Rutherford J. Gettens, Richard Buck, W.G. Constable, Murray Pease, Ian Rawlins,
763:
Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development
522:
345:
1002:
Recent Advances in Conservation: Contributions to the IIC Rome Conference, 1961
1052:
1125:
79:
International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (IIC)
1019:"Our Common Future: Report of the Commission on Environment and Development"
782:
and IIC Hong Kong Congress (September 22–26, 2014). The declaration covers:
312:
IIC co-operates closely with other organisations in the field, notably the
305:
and IIC's Congress preprints. The institute has a permanent secretariat in
901:
Gettens, Rutherford J. IIC: an international association of conservators.
652:
Painting Techniques: History, Materials and Studio Practice (Dublin 1998)
397:
The status of conservators, by forming a professional self-electing body
153:
142:
International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works
73:
International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works
805:
make changes and act towards sustainability and net zero initiatives.
32:
664:
The Object in Context: Crossing Conservation Boundaries (Munich 2006)
438:. Others who joined in that first year included Arthur van Schendel,
306:
105:
769:
IIC Environmental Sustainability Statement and Carbon Analysis
905:(American Association of Museums) 47, no. 10 (1969 Jun), pp. 11-14.
655:
Tradition and Innovation: Advances in Conservation (Melbourne 2000)
649:
Archaeological Conservation and its Consequences (Copenhagen 1996)
42:
may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments
1225:
127:
218:
673:
The Decorative: Conservation and the Applied Arts (Vienna 2012)
1153:
Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material
1100:"IIC and ICOM-CC 2014 Declaration on environmental guidelines"
945:
The International Journal of Museum Management and Curatorship
777:
IIC and ICOM-CC Joint Declaration for Environmental Guidelines
415:. The Institute moved to its own independent offices in 1968.
157:
26:
1039:
Dovers, Stephen (1996). "Sustainability: Demands on Policy".
508:
was published and this was published until Vol. 10 in 2009..
407:
The office was established with the help of a grant from the
320:(ICOM) as well as national and regional conservation groups.
833:
List of dates in the history of conservation and restoration
714:
Conservation: Obstacles or Opportunities? (Copenhagen, 2013)
699:
with webcasts, studio visits and a lively social programme.
800:
IIC, ICOM-CC and ICCROM Joint Commitment for Climate Action
682:
Preventive Conservation: The State of the Art (Turin, 2018)
422:
When the IIC was founded in 1950, the Founder Fellows were
745:
670:
Conservation and the Eastern Mediterranean (Istanbul 2010)
643:
Iberian and Latin American Cultural Heritage (Madrid 1992)
48:. It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
323:
IIC is a learned society and is also registered with the
292:
Honorary Member of Council - Jirong Song (Palace Museum,
838:
Conservation Associations and Professional Organizations
706:
Conservation: Futures and Responsibilities (London 2011)
235:
Director of Membership - David Saunders (United Kingdom)
622:
Wood in Painting and the Decorative Arts (Oxford 1978)
372:, W.G. Constable (Boston), Ian Rawlins (London), and
168:
The current Council of the institute (2019-2020) is:
955:
953:
625:
Conservation Within Historic Buildings (Vienna 1980)
243:Alice Tsang (Conservation Section of the Hong Kong
122:
112:
101:
93:
925:A Short History of IIC: Foundation and Development
1258:History organisations based in the United Kingdom
717:Conservation: Making the Transition (Warsaw 2015)
634:Cleaning, Retouching and Coatings (Brussels 1990)
619:Archaeology and the Applied Arts (Stockholm 1975)
335:In 1930, the International Museums Office of the
277:Lorinda Wong (Getty Conservation Institute, USA)
726:The Faces of Conservation (Lisbon, 2021 Online)
342:Technical Studies in the Field of the Fine Arts
694:Student & Emerging Conservator Conferences
8:
723:The Conservator's Reflection (Cologne, 2019)
616:Paintings and the Graphic Arts (Lisbon 1972)
403:Training, with the aim of raising standards.
72:
752:Sustainability and Environmental Guidelines
604:Recent Advances in Conservation (Rome 1961)
587:In 1961, with the help of a grant from the
217:Director of Publications - Joyce Townsend (
1253:Conservation and restoration organizations
361:Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program
316:and the Committee for Conservation of the
270:Satish Pandey (National Museum Institute,
175:President - Julian Bickersteth (Australia)
71:
1115:
543:Published annually from 2000 until 2010,
224:Director of Communications - Amber Kerr (
702:The first conference in this series was
628:Science and Technology (Washington 1982)
613:Stone and Wooden Objects (New York 1970)
325:Charity Commission for England and Wales
245:Leisure and Cultural Services Department
18:International Institute for Conservation
1026:United Nations: Sustainable Development
1015:United Nations, Sustainable Development
848:
637:Stone and Wall Paintings (Bologna 1986)
631:Adhesives and Consolidants (Paris 1984)
502:Art and Archaeology Technical Abstracts
356:. It continued publication until 1942.
285:President Emeritus - Sarah Staniforth (
740:) and the IIC-American Group (now the
212:The National Archives (United Kingdom)
667:Conservation and Access (London 2008)
661:Modern Art: New Museums (Bilbao 2004)
646:Preventive Conservation (Ottawa 1994)
488:and in turn was succeeded in 2007 by
379:In December 1948 at a meeting of the
7:
1098:Bickersteth, Julian (1 March 2016).
897:
895:
893:
720:Head, Hands & Heart (Bern, 2017)
480:In May 1952, the first issue of the
352:), under the managing editorship of
203:Secretary-General - Jane Henderson (
742:American Institute for Conservation
44:, a violation of Knowledge (XXG)'s
1147:Pagliarino, Amanda (26 May 2019).
856:Heritage conservation in Hong Kong
476:Publications & Communications
25:
1243:Organizations established in 1950
947:1, no. 2 (1982 Jun), pp. 159-161.
809:MoU with Climate Heritage Network
607:Textile Conservation (Delft 1964)
984:. Iiconservation.org. 1999-02-22
963:. Iiconservation.org. 1999-02-22
828:Art conservation and restoration
610:Museum Climatology (London 1967)
484:appeared; this later became the
318:International Council of Museums
253:Helen Griffiths (United Kingdom)
85:
31:
597:Recent Advances in Conservation
547:has now been incorporated into
230:Smithsonian American Art Museum
210:Treasurer - Juergen Vervoorst (
196:Vice-President - Sandra Smith (
189:Vice-President - Austin Nevin (
184:Smithsonian American Art Museum
148:) is a global organisation for
265:National Galleries of Scotland
1:
1117:10.1080/00393630.2016.1166018
786:Sustainability and Management
178:Vice-President - Amber Kerr (
640:Far Eastern Art (Kyoto 1988)
239:Ordinary Members of Council
160:works throughout the world.
150:conservation and restoration
870:. Charity-commission.gov.uk
164:Organisation and governance
1274:
1149:"Environmental Guidelines"
272:National Museum, New Delhi
226:Lunder Conservation Center
180:Lunder Conservation Center
1053:10.1017/S0143814X00007789
738:Institute of Conservation
444:Sheldon and Caroline Keck
413:National Gallery (London)
344:, was established by the
84:
77:
1041:Journal of Public Policy
923:Brooks, Hero Boothroyd.
258:Art Institute of Chicago
191:University of Gothenburg
1104:Studies in Conservation
549:Studies in Conservation
545:Reviews in Conservation
538:Reviews in Conservation
530:Studies in Conservation
519:Studies in Conservation
513:Studies in Conservation
506:Reviews in Conservation
494:Studies in Conservation
434:, Helmut Ruhemann, and
309:with a staff of three.
303:Studies in Conservation
1248:Heritage organizations
1202:www.iiconservation.org
1178:www.iiconservation.org
1079:www.iiconservation.org
710:This was followed by:
757:Positioning Statement
589:Gulbenkian Foundation
54:neutral point of view
567:News in Conservation
562:News in Conservation
556:News in Conservation
490:News in Conservation
795:Existing Guidelines
583:Biennial Congresses
496:began publication.
492:. In October 1952,
428:Harold Plenderleith
409:Nuffield Foundation
250:Eleonora Nagy (USA)
74:
868:"Charity overview"
789:Museum Environment
350:Harvard University
205:Cardiff University
823:Cultural heritage
574:Social Networking
365:Technical Studies
337:League of Nations
221:(United Kingdom))
138:
137:
70:
69:
16:(Redirected from
1265:
1229:
1228:
1226:Official website
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1119:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
992:
990:
989:
978:
972:
971:
969:
968:
957:
948:
941:
935:
921:
915:
912:
906:
899:
888:
885:
879:
878:
876:
875:
864:
858:
853:
595:under the title
526:academic journal
359:The work of the
263:Isobel Griffin (
207:(United Kingdom)
134:
131:
129:
108:, United Kingdom
89:
75:
65:
62:
50:content policies
35:
27:
21:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1182:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1110:(sup1): 12–17.
1097:
1096:
1092:
1083:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1028:. pp. 3ff.
1021:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1000:
996:
987:
985:
980:
979:
975:
966:
964:
959:
958:
951:
942:
938:
922:
918:
913:
909:
900:
891:
886:
882:
873:
871:
866:
865:
861:
854:
850:
846:
819:
811:
802:
779:
771:
759:
754:
733:
731:Regional groups
696:
691:
585:
576:
559:
541:
516:
478:
456:
424:George L. Stout
390:
370:George L. Stout
354:George L. Stout
333:
281:
267:United Kingdom)
256:Rachel Sabino (
200:United Kingdom)
166:
130:.iiconservation
126:
117:Learned society
80:
66:
60:
57:
52:, particularly
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1271:
1269:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1219:
1218:External links
1216:
1214:
1213:
1189:
1165:
1139:
1090:
1066:
1031:
1006:
994:
973:
949:
936:
927:. IIC (2000),
916:
907:
889:
880:
859:
847:
845:
842:
841:
840:
835:
830:
825:
818:
815:
810:
807:
801:
798:
797:
796:
793:
790:
787:
778:
775:
770:
767:
758:
755:
753:
750:
732:
729:
728:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
708:
707:
695:
692:
690:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
601:
584:
581:
575:
572:
558:
553:
540:
535:
515:
510:
482:IIC Newsletter
477:
474:
473:
472:
469:
466:
462:
461:
455:
452:
405:
404:
401:
398:
389:
386:
332:
329:
298:
297:
294:Forbidden City
290:
287:National Trust
279:
278:
275:
268:
261:
254:
251:
248:
237:
236:
233:
222:
215:
208:
201:
198:British Museum
194:
187:
176:
165:
162:
136:
135:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
82:
81:
78:
68:
67:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1270:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1003:
998:
995:
983:
977:
974:
962:
956:
954:
950:
946:
940:
937:
934:
933:0-9500525-3-1
930:
926:
920:
917:
911:
908:
904:
898:
896:
894:
890:
884:
881:
869:
863:
860:
857:
852:
849:
843:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
816:
814:
808:
806:
799:
794:
791:
788:
785:
784:
783:
776:
774:
768:
766:
764:
756:
751:
749:
747:
743:
739:
730:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
712:
711:
705:
704:
703:
700:
693:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
602:
600:
598:
594:
590:
582:
580:
573:
571:
568:
563:
557:
554:
552:
550:
546:
539:
536:
534:
531:
527:
524:
523:peer-reviewed
520:
514:
511:
509:
507:
503:
499:
498:IIC Abstracts
495:
491:
487:
483:
475:
470:
467:
464:
463:
458:
457:
453:
451:
447:
445:
441:
437:
436:Paul Coremans
433:
432:Wallace Akers
429:
425:
420:
416:
414:
410:
402:
399:
396:
395:
394:
388:Early history
387:
385:
382:
377:
375:
374:Paul Coremans
371:
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
338:
330:
328:
326:
321:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
295:
291:
288:
284:
283:
282:
276:
273:
269:
266:
262:
259:
255:
252:
249:
246:
242:
241:
240:
234:
231:
227:
223:
220:
216:
213:
209:
206:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
174:
173:
172:
169:
163:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
133:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
76:
64:
61:November 2021
55:
51:
47:
43:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
1205:. Retrieved
1201:
1192:
1181:. Retrieved
1177:
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1152:
1142:
1107:
1103:
1093:
1082:. Retrieved
1078:
1069:
1047:(3): 303–4.
1044:
1040:
1034:
1025:
1009:
1001:
997:
986:. Retrieved
976:
965:. Retrieved
944:
939:
924:
919:
910:
902:
883:
872:. Retrieved
862:
851:
812:
803:
780:
772:
762:
760:
734:
709:
701:
697:
596:
593:Butterworths
586:
577:
566:
561:
560:
555:
548:
544:
542:
537:
529:
518:
517:
512:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
486:IIC Bulletin
485:
481:
479:
448:
440:René Sneyers
421:
417:
406:
391:
378:
376:(Brussels).
364:
358:
341:
334:
322:
311:
302:
299:
280:
238:
170:
167:
145:
141:
139:
113:Affiliations
102:Headquarters
58:
46:terms of use
41:
903:Museum News
346:Fogg Museum
1237:Categories
1207:2022-11-16
1183:2022-11-16
1084:2022-11-16
988:2012-04-03
967:2012-04-03
874:2012-04-03
844:References
761:Following
454:Membership
331:Background
171:Officers:
1134:193509888
1126:0039-3630
1061:154592150
1017:(1987).
817:See also
296:, China)
289:, ret'd)
274:, India)
158:artistic
154:historic
193:Sweden)
123:Website
94:Founded
1158:10 May
1132:
1124:
1059:
1004:(1963)
931:
442:, and
430:, Sir
307:London
106:London
1130:S2CID
1057:S2CID
1022:(PDF)
792:Loans
746:Spain
521:is a
1160:2022
1122:ISSN
929:ISBN
381:ICOM
260:USA)
232:USA)
219:Tate
186:USA)
156:and
140:The
132:.org
97:1950
1112:doi
1049:doi
146:IIC
128:www
56:.
1239::
1200:.
1176:.
1151:.
1128:.
1120:.
1108:61
1106:.
1102:.
1077:.
1055:.
1045:16
1043:.
1024:.
952:^
892:^
748:.
551:.
327:.
228:-
182:-
1210:.
1186:.
1162:.
1136:.
1114::
1087:.
1063:.
1051::
991:.
970:.
877:.
348:(
247:)
214:)
144:(
63:)
59:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
