2933:
was first necessary to calibrate the impulse rate, a sequence of regularly timed "mark" pulses (1), by a group of five pulses, which could also be detected by simple passive electronic devices to turn on the teleprinter. This sequence of pulses generated a series of
Erasure/Delete characters while also initializing the state of the receiver to the Letters shift mode. However, the first pulse could be lost, so this power on procedure could then be terminated by a single Null immediately followed by an Erasure/Delete character. To preserve the synchronization between devices, the Null code could not be used arbitrarily in the middle of messages (this was an improvement to the initial Baudot system where spaces were not explicitly differentiated, so it was difficult to maintain the pulse counters for repeating spaces on teleprinters). But it was then possible to resynchronize devices at any time by sending a Null in the middle of a message (immediately followed by an Erasure/Delete/LS control if followed by a letter, or by a FS control if followed by a figure). Sending Null controls also did not cause the paper band to advance to the next row (as nothing was punched), so this saved precious lengths of punchable paper band. On the other hand, the Erasure/Delete/LS control code was always punched and always shifted to the (initial) letters mode. According to some sources, the Null code point was reserved for country-internal usage only.
1922:(Line Feed) codes. A few of Baudot's codes moved to the positions where they have stayed ever since: the NULL or BLANK and the DEL code. NULL/BLANK was used as an idle code for when no messages were being sent, but the same code was used to encode the space separation between words. Sequences of DEL codes (fully punched columns) were used at start or end of messages or between them which made it easier to separate distinct messages. (BELL codes could be inserted in those sequences to signal to the remote operator that a new message was coming or that transmission of a message was terminated).
1975:
2937:
8-bit encodings, including EBCDIC for punched cards). After codes in a fragment of text have been replaced by an arbitrary number of LS codes, what follows is still preserved and decodable. It can also be used as an initiator to make sure that the decoding of the first code will not give a digit or another symbol from the figures page (because the Null code can be arbitrarily inserted near the end or beginning of a punch band, and has to be ignored, whereas the Space code is significant in text).
126:
2185:
1847:
right hand. Once the keys had been pressed, they were locked down until mechanical contacts in a distributor unit passed over the sector connected to that particular keyboard, at which time the keyboard was unlocked ready for the next character to be entered, with an audible click (known as the "cadence signal") to warn the operator. Operators had to maintain a steady rhythm, and the usual speed of operation was 30 words per minute.
2941:
access to a third code page for uppercase letters, either by encoding for a single letter (by sending LS before that letter), or locking (with FS+LS) for an unlimited number of capital letters or digits before then unlocking (with a single LS) to return to lowercase mode. The cell marked as "Reserved" is also usable (using the FS code from the figures shift page) to switch the page of figures (which normally contains digits and
8988:
5739:
6049:
In use, the LTRS or FIGS shift key is pressed and released, transmitting the corresponding shift character to the other machine. The desired letters or figures characters are then typed. Unlike a typewriter or modern computer keyboard, the shift key isn't kept depressed whilst the corresponding characters are typed. "ENQuiry" will trigger the other machine's answerback. It means "Who are you?"
5980:
33:
6953:
1875:
6048:
In ITA2, characters are expressed using five bits. ITA2 uses two code sub-sets, the "letter shift" (LTRS), and the "figure shift" (FIGS). The FIGS character (11011) signals that the following characters are to be interpreted as being in the FIGS set, until this is reset by the LTRS (11111) character.
2932:
The code position assigned to Null was in fact used only for the idle state of teleprinters. During long periods of idle time, the impulse rate was not synchronized between both devices (which could even be powered off or not permanently interconnected on commuted phone lines). To start a message it
2936:
The Shift to
Letters code (LS) is also usable as a way to cancel/delete text from a punched tape after it has been read, allowing the safe destruction of a message before discarding the punched band. Functionally, it can also play the same filler role as the Delete code in ASCII (or other 7-bit and
1878:
Paper tape with holes representing the "Baudot–Murray Code". Note the fully punched columns of "Delete/Letters select" codes at end of the message (on the right) which were used to cut the band easily between distinct messages. The last symbols before the fully punched columns at the end are BRASIL
1854:
for continental and inland services. A number of characters in the continental code are replaced by fractionals in the inland code. Code elements 1, 2 and 3 are transmitted by keys 1, 2 and 3, and these are operated by the first three fingers of the right hand. Code elements 4 and 5 are transmitted
1846:
Baudot's 5-bit code was adapted to be sent from a manual keyboard, and no teleprinter equipment was ever constructed that used it in its original form. The code was entered on a keyboard which had just five piano-type keys and was operated using two fingers of the left hand and three fingers of the
6296:
In 1872, started research toward a telegraph system that would allow multiple operators to transmit simultaneously over a single wire and, as the transmissions were received, would print them in ordinary alphabetic characters on a strip of paper. He received a patent for such a system on June 17,
1894:
Because there was no longer a connection between the operator's hand movement and the bits transmitted, there was no concern about arranging the code to minimize operator fatigue. Instead, Murray designed the code to minimize wear on the machinery by assigning the code combinations with the fewest
6093:
is often used in test messages, and at the start of every transmission. Since R is 01010 and Y is 10101, the sequence exercises much of a teleprinter's mechanical components at maximum stress. Also, at one time, fine-tuning of the receiver was done using two coloured lights (one for each tone).
6305:
the use of two special letter space and figure space characters that would cause the printer to shift between cases at the same time as it advanced the paper without printing. The five-unit code he began using at this time was structured to suit his keyboard , which controlled two units of each
6079:
were chosen so that they were either symmetric or in useful pairs so that inserting a tape "upside down" did not result in problems for the equipment and the resulting printout could be deciphered. Thus FIGS (11011), LTRS (11111) and space (00100) are invariant, while CR (00010) and LF (01000),
2940:
The cells marked as reserved for extensions (which use the LS code again a second time—just after the first LS code—to shift from the figures page to the letters shift page) has been defined to shift into a new mode. In this new mode, the letters page contains only lowercase letters, but retains
6032:
Note: This table presumes the space called "1" by Baudot and Murray is rightmost, and least significant. The way the transmitted bits were packed into larger codes varied by manufacturer. The most common solution allocates the bits from the least significant bit towards the most significant bit
1842:
in 1834, with equal on and off intervals, which allowed for transmission of the Roman alphabet, and included punctuation and control signals. The code itself was not patented (only the machine) because French patent law does not allow concepts to be patented.
6709:
6850:
the characters that are 'transmission control' related are bit-wise symmetrical – the codes for FIGS, LTRS, space and BLANK – are the same reversed left to right! Further, the codes for CR and LF, equal each other when reversed left to
1887:(1865–1945), prompted by his development of a typewriter-like keyboard. The Murray system employed an intermediate step: an operator used a keyboard perforator to punch a paper tape and then a transmitter to send the message from the
225:
In the below table, Columns I, II, III, IV, and V show the code; the Let. and Fig. columns show the letters and numbers for the
Continental and UK versions; and the sort keys present the table in the order: alphabetical, Gray and UK
1958:
code rang a bell or otherwise produced an audible signal at the receiver. Additionally, the WRU or "Who aRe yoU?" code was introduced, which caused a receiving machine to send an identification stream back to the sender.
6297:
1874. Instead of a variable delay followed by a single-unit pulse, Baudot's system used a uniform six time units to transmit each character. his early telegraph probably used the six-unit code that he attributes to
6716:
1953:
which used it until the 1950s, with a few changes that consisted of omitting some characters and adding more control codes. An explicit SPC (space) character was introduced, in place of the BLANK/NULL, and a new
8606:
6080:
generally used as a pair, are treated the same regardless of order by page printers. LTRS could also be used to overpunch characters to be deleted on a paper tape (much like DEL in 7-bit
6094:'RYRYRY...' produced 0101010101..., which made the lights glow with equal brightness when the tuning was correct. This tuning sequence is only useful when ITA2 is used with two-tone
2976:
Nearly all 20th-century teleprinter equipment used
Western Union's code, ITA2, or variants thereof. Radio amateurs casually call ITA2 and variants "Baudot" incorrectly, and even the
7451:
2145:
2064:
212:
6330:
7288:
6075:
Note: the binary conversions of the codepoints are often shown in reverse order, depending on (presumably) from which side one views the paper tape. Note further that the
6301:
in an 1877 article. in 1876 Baudot redesigned his equipment to use a five-unit code. Punctuation and digits were still sometimes needed, though, so he adopted from
7396:
6539:
7471:
6985:
6527:
I allocated the most frequently used letters in
English language to the signals represented by the fewest holes in the perforated tape, and so on in proportion.
6309:
1834:
Baudot developed his first multiplexed telegraph in 1872 and patented it in 1874. In 1876, he changed from a six-bit code to a five-bit code, as suggested by
5735:
Meteorologists used a variant of ITA2 with the figures-case symbols, except for the ten digits, BEL and a few other characters, replaced by weather symbols:
2170:) code as an international standard, which was based on the Western Union code with some minor changes. The US standardized on a version of ITA2 called the
1891:. At the receiving end of the line, a printing mechanism would print on a paper tape, and/or a reperforator would make a perforated copy of the message.
6406:
6159:
2138:
2057:
205:
8698:
8452:
2949:
8688:
8437:
7391:
6897:
6459:
6665:
8571:
6815:
2131:
2050:
198:
1938:
8965:
8476:
8279:
7023:
8521:
8137:
8132:
7635:
7466:
6978:
6750:
6620:
6414:
6236:
6019:
94:
6576:
7555:
6116:
mode was activated by the character (00000). Because of the larger number of characters in the
Cyrillic alphabet, the characters
8773:
8708:
8462:
8442:
8526:
7119:
7013:
6820:
6037:
6001:
6326:
6933:
6783:
8640:
8611:
8261:
9030:
8703:
8591:
8551:
6971:
6322:
5997:
2945:
lowercase letters or symbols) to a fourth page (where national letters are uppercase and other symbols may be encoded).
2980:'s Amateur Radio Handbook does so, though in more recent editions the tables of codes correctly identifies it as ITA2.
9015:
8945:
8556:
8472:
8457:
8361:
8274:
8246:
8212:
6349:
6105:
US implementations of Baudot code may differ in the addition of a few characters, such as #, & on the FIGS layer.
2977:
1974:
8222:
8217:
8919:
8864:
8785:
8566:
8561:
7570:
6693:
5990:
2964:("RTTY"). ITA2 is also used in Enhanced Broadcast Solution, an early 21st-century financial protocol specified by
2171:
8626:
8581:
8417:
7966:
7670:
7615:
7580:
8141:
7650:
7630:
7625:
7565:
7560:
7069:
2097:
2000:
1997:
1899:. For example, the one-hole letters are E and T. The ten two-hole letters are AOINSHRDLZ, very similar to the "
1884:
167:
164:
9020:
8991:
8975:
8902:
8897:
8859:
8830:
8795:
8227:
7961:
7660:
7545:
4455:
4406:
4358:
4312:
6957:
65:
in the 1870s. It was the predecessor to the
International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 (ITA2), the most common
9010:
8586:
8576:
8432:
8422:
7956:
7665:
7110:
7097:
7033:
6095:
8763:
8601:
8536:
8412:
7951:
7105:
2225:
2211:
82:
7981:
17:
8924:
8596:
8486:
8356:
7976:
6609:
Taschenbuch der
Informatik - Band III - Anwendungen und spezielle Systeme der Nachrichtenverarbeitung
1839:
1835:
8397:
9025:
8879:
8506:
7991:
7876:
7866:
7861:
6302:
5951:
5831:
5710:
5628:
5568:
5459:
5377:
5319:
5068:
4891:
4791:
4542:
4325:
4123:
3832:
3640:
3349:
3157:
1851:
125:
8960:
8808:
8621:
8616:
8541:
7540:
7514:
7038:
6994:
6669:
6638:
6306:
character with switches operated by the left hand and the other three units with the right hand.
4395:
3892:
3413:
2111:
1896:
74:
54:
1926:
6476:
6387:
8950:
8889:
8869:
8531:
8511:
8491:
8119:
7595:
7575:
7087:
6893:
6746:
6626:
6616:
6604:
6455:
6410:
6255:
6232:
6149:
6076:
6065:
5653:
5600:
5402:
4953:
2965:
1911:
6838:
8907:
8481:
8447:
8157:
7986:
6117:
6089:
5633:
5623:
5382:
5372:
5221:
4958:
4866:
4712:
4423:
4170:
3918:
3683:
3439:
3200:
2184:
2100:
2086:
1904:
1907:. Ten more letters, BCGFJMPUWY, have three holes each, and the four-hole letters are VXKQ.
8955:
8874:
7605:
7600:
7590:
7535:
7220:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
6650:
6612:
6113:
6053:
5857:
5592:
5345:
5092:
4931:
4901:
4871:
4861:
4851:
4294:
4047:
3418:
3408:
3381:
3337:
3322:
1915:
49:
6481:
62:
1879:
CR LF CR FS (word Brasil, carriage return, line feed, carriage return, shift to figures)
8407:
8402:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8341:
8336:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8152:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7675:
7655:
7260:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7008:
6569:
6546:
6129:
6069:
6061:
5839:
5612:
5541:
5397:
5327:
5292:
5041:
4276:
4029:
3789:
3550:
3489:
Original Baudot code, continental
European variant (letter set, switched to with 0x10)
3306:
3067:
2181:
Some code points (marked blue in the table) were reserved for national-specific usage.
1955:
9004:
8727:
8147:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
7886:
7881:
7871:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7610:
7585:
7550:
7509:
7255:
6922:
6885:
6863:
6153:
6137:
6099:
5688:
5437:
4926:
4449:
3944:
3465:
3083:
2961:
2957:
2174:(US TTY) which was the basis for 5-bit teletypewriter codes until the debut of 7-bit
1950:
1900:
6819: prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the "relicensing" terms of the
6068:(often used to alert operators to an incoming message), SP is space, and NUL is the
5738:
1855:
by keys 4 and 5, and these are operated by the first two fingers of the left hand."
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8467:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
7645:
7640:
7620:
7504:
7496:
7129:
6834:
6787:
6383:
1888:
90:
6520:
6334:
7062:
6937:
6298:
6041:
5979:
5715:
5412:
5352:
1942:
98:
66:
8912:
8853:
8820:
8673:
8351:
7446:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7366:
7250:
7245:
7235:
7230:
7028:
7018:
6125:
5807:
5663:
5575:
5362:
4817:
3728:
Original Baudot code, continental variant (figure set, switched to with 0x08)
3245:
Original Baudot code, UK domestic variant (figure set, switched to with 0x08)
3006:
Original Baudot code, UK domestic variant (letter set, switched to with 0x10)
178:
58:
6927:
1850:
The table "shows the allocation of the Baudot code which was employed in the
8800:
8778:
8683:
8496:
7525:
7456:
7436:
7431:
7356:
7351:
6121:
6057:
5946:
5940:
5897:
5819:
5705:
5699:
5693:
5648:
5554:
5464:
5454:
5448:
5442:
5305:
5054:
4937:
4886:
4834:
4588:
4400:
4383:
4132:
3882:
3403:
1937:
1910:
The Murray code also introduced what became known as "format affectors" or "
269:
32:
6952:
254:
8970:
8825:
8790:
8768:
8678:
8501:
7441:
7426:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7361:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7092:
7082:
7078:
7052:
6164:
5217:
4966:
4720:
4565:
2031:
2021:
6311:
6283:
1874:
8840:
8636:
8546:
8427:
8001:
7371:
7346:
7336:
7074:
6004: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4980:
ITA2 and US-TTY Baudot–Murray code (letter set, switched to with 0x1F)
2989:
2035:
1919:
6963:
5747:
Meteorological Baudot–Murray code (figure set, switched to with 0x1B)
8845:
8835:
8813:
8693:
8668:
8663:
8516:
8346:
8237:
8127:
7486:
7476:
7461:
7278:
6710:"Enhanced Broadcast Solution – Interface Specification Final Version"
4930:
4850:
3417:
3336:
6449:
5561:
5312:
4900:
4870:
4856:
3949:
3647:
3407:
3380:
130:
An early version from Baudot's 1888 US patent, listing A through Z,
8940:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8265:
7971:
7481:
7421:
7283:
7057:
6690:
6109:
6081:
6035:
5737:
5618:
5367:
4943:
2953:
2183:
2175:
2159:
2121:
2039:
2026:
1936:
70:
31:
6810:
6190:"At the disposal of each administration for its internal service"
3646:
1945:
using the Baudot code (US variant), with FIGS and LTRS shift keys
8251:
7341:
6890:
Colossus: The
Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers
6630:
6227:
Ralston, Anthony; Reilly, Edwin D., eds. (1993), "Baudot Code",
6133:
4948:
4841:
4417:
3912:
3820:
3805:
3566:
3470:
3433:
3423:
3366:
102:
86:
6967:
6908:
6431:
6036:
8718:
6231:(Third ed.), New York: IEEE Press/Van Nostrand Reinhold,
5973:
5231:
US-TTY Baudot–Murray code (figure set, switched to with 0x1B)
3565:
293:
290:
287:
282:
279:
276:
273:
262:
259:
256:
251:
78:
6868:
The Proficience and Advancement of Learning Divine and Humane
6388:"An annotated history of some character codes: Baudot's code"
6152:– A 5-bit binary encoding of the English alphabet devised by
6132:
has the same code as Cyrillic letter Ю. The Cyrillic letters
2193:
International telegraphy alphabet No. 2 (Baudot–Murray code)
2188:
A four-row teletype keyboard with Roman and Cyrillic letters.
285:
6033:(leaving the three most significant bits of a byte unused).
5480:
ITA2 Baudot–Murray code (figure set, switched to with 0x1B)
4461:
4439:
4412:
4342:
3954:
3934:
3907:
3475:
3455:
3428:
5215:
4957:
4711:
6540:"Telegraph Regulations and Final Protocol (Madrid, 1932)"
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5905:
5892:
5867:
5850:
5845:
5812:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5658:
5643:
5606:
5585:
5580:
5547:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5407:
5392:
5357:
5338:
5333:
5298:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5061:
5047:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4896:
4881:
4846:
4827:
4822:
4798:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4559:
4549:
4364:
4352:
4347:
4337:
4332:
4318:
4306:
4301:
4287:
4282:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4040:
4035:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3825:
3815:
3810:
3800:
3795:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3561:
3556:
3386:
3376:
3371:
3361:
3356:
3342:
3332:
3327:
3317:
3312:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3078:
3073:
6611:(in German). Vol. 3 (3 ed.). Berlin, Germany:
4444:
4434:
4429:
4390:
3939:
3929:
3924:
3902:
3897:
3887:
3819:
3460:
3450:
3445:
3164:
6599:
6597:
6403:
History of Telegraphy: Its Technology and Application
5745:
5478:
5229:
4978:
4788:
4727:
4539:
4478:
4213:
3966:
3726:
3487:
3243:
3004:
6839:"An annotated history of some character codes: ITA2"
6378:
6376:
8933:
8888:
8756:
8717:
8635:
8370:
8260:
8236:
8118:
8000:
7684:
7523:
7495:
7329:
7271:
7128:
7001:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5060:
5046:
4860:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4558:
4548:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4039:
4034:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3560:
3555:
3321:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3077:
3072:
2117:
2107:
2092:
2082:
2017:
2007:
1992:
1984:
248:
184:
174:
159:
147:
139:
77:in the alphabet is represented by a series of five
6202:"ives invisible correction on page printers &
6360:. American Institute of Electrical Engineers: 22.
6140:are omitted, and Ч is merged with the numeral 4.
5955:
5854:
5589:
5342:
5089:
4291:
4044:
8920:Unicode control, format and separator characters
6198:
6196:
4729:Murray code (figure set, switched to with 0x1B)
4480:Murray code (letter set, switched to with 0x04)
6909:"NADCOMM Papers and Writings: Five-unit codes"
6331:Institut National de la Propriété Industrielle
6277:
6275:
6273:
5652:
5560:
5401:
5311:
4952:
4855:
4433:
3928:
3449:
2968:, to reduce the character encoding footprint.
6979:
6809:This article is based on material taken from
6715:. Deutsche Börse. 17 May 2010. Archived from
6451:The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood
6333:(INPI). Patent Brevet 103,898. Archived from
6284:"The Evolution of Character Codes, 1874–1968"
5935:
5901:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5863:
5632:
5622:
5381:
5371:
4865:
4428:
3923:
3901:
3444:
2139:
2058:
206:
8:
6128:were omitted and replaced by Cyrillics, and
5909:
5883:
4840:
3422:
3365:
2077:
1967:
118:
5816:
5551:
5396:
5302:
5051:
4831:
4585:
4380:
4129:
6986:
6972:
6964:
6778:
6776:
6774:
6772:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6764:
6762:
5825:
5687:
5436:
4925:
4411:
4215:ITA 1 (figure set, switched to with 0x08)
3968:ITA 1 (letter set, switched to with 0x10)
3906:
3427:
2191:
2146:
2132:
2065:
2051:
230:Baudot code (Continental and UK versions)
228:
213:
199:
6407:Institution of Engineering and Technology
6160:List of information system character sets
6020:Learn how and when to remove this message
5932:
5880:
5806:
4460:
4443:
3953:
3938:
3459:
3163:
6507:
6249:
6247:
6098:modulation, such as is commonly seen in
5849:
5844:
5811:
5714:
5584:
5579:
5546:
5411:
5351:
5337:
5332:
5297:
4826:
4821:
4797:
4438:
4346:
4336:
4300:
3948:
3933:
3851:
3843:
3809:
3454:
3370:
3360:
3326:
1873:
6482:The World's Work: A History of Our Time
6219:
6176:
5927:
5917:
5891:
5866:
5682:
5672:
5662:
5642:
5605:
5574:
5431:
5421:
5391:
5361:
5356:
4947:
4920:
4910:
4880:
4845:
4816:
4416:
4363:
4351:
4317:
4305:
3911:
3864:
3856:
3824:
3814:
3469:
3432:
3385:
3375:
3341:
3331:
2950:telecommunications devices for the deaf
1883:In 1901, Baudot's code was modified by
27:Pioneering five-bit character encodings
6646:
6636:
6454:. London: Fourth Estate. p. 203.
6348:William V. Vansize (25 January 1901).
6186:
6184:
6182:
6180:
5945:
5938:
5922:
5912:
5904:
5896:
5704:
5697:
5692:
5677:
5667:
5657:
5647:
5463:
5453:
5446:
5441:
5426:
5416:
5406:
5193:
4935:
4915:
4905:
4895:
4885:
4689:
4399:
4341:
4331:
4286:
4281:
4073:
3896:
3881:
3838:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3590:
3474:
3402:
3355:
3316:
3311:
3107:
2988:The values shown in each cell are the
2164:International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2
2076:
1966:
1929:machines also used the Murray system.
1860:International Telegraph Alphabet No. 1
117:
18:International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2
6696:, published in Fascicle VII.1 of the
5958:
5719:
5468:
4809:
4563:
4373:
3874:
3484:Original Baudot, Continental European
3395:
2265:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2241:
2238:
2224:
2210:
2205:
2202:
2197:
240:
237:
234:
105:, and is derived from the same name.
48:
7:
6816:Free On-line Dictionary of Computing
6108:The Russian version of Baudot code (
6002:adding citations to reliable sources
5950:
5709:
5598:
5458:
4890:
4448:
3943:
3464:
3082:
2593:
296:
268:
265:
6892:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6582:from the original on 20 August 2008
4421:
4168:
3916:
3681:
3437:
3198:
8330:Norwegian and Danish (alternative)
6475:Foster, Maximilian (August 1901).
6040:Table of ITA2 codes (expressed as
5828:
5627:
5617:
5565:
5376:
5366:
5316:
5065:
4942:
4394:
4389:
4322:
4120:
3891:
3886:
3829:
3637:
3412:
3346:
3154:
2992:codepoints, given for comparison.
1988:International Telegraph Alphabet 2
1858:Baudot's code became known as the
143:International Telegraph Alphabet 1
25:
6607:; Weber, Wolfgang, eds. (1974) .
6477:"A Successful Printing Telegraph"
6370:Procès d'Amiens Baudot vs Mimault
6282:Fischer, Eric N. (20 June 2000).
5837:
5610:
5539:
5325:
5290:
5039:
4274:
4027:
3787:
3548:
3304:
3065:
95:asynchronous serial communication
8987:
8986:
6951:
6928:Baudot, Murray, ITA2, ITA5, etc.
6786:. NADCOMM museum. Archived from
6229:Encyclopedia of Computer Science
5978:
1973:
124:
36:An early "piano" Baudot keyboard
8774:Digital encoding of APL symbols
8709:Comparison of Unicode encodings
7227:Proposed but not approved
6350:"A New Page-Printing Telegraph"
6327:"Système de télégraphie rapide"
6260:Wire & Radio Communications
5989:needs additional citations for
4811:
4691:
6745:. Addison-Wesley. p. 30.
6570:"Teletype Communication Codes"
6112:) used three shift modes; the
266:Continental
1:
1949:Murray's code was adopted by
6694:Recommendation S.2 / 11/1988
5742:Weather teleprinter encoding
3001:Original Baudot, domestic UK
2172:American Teletypewriter code
8946:Character encodings in HTML
8280:National Replacement (NRCS)
8247:Japanese language in EBCDIC
6934:"Jean-Maurice-Émile Baudot"
6522:Telegraph and Telephone Age
6254:H. A. Emmons (1 May 1916).
4375:
4075:
3876:
3592:
3397:
3109:
2978:American Radio Relay League
9047:
6323:Baudot, Jean-Maurice-Émile
1897:frequently used characters
1895:punched holes to the most
155:(not mutually compatible).
8984:
5960:
5721:
5470:
5195:
2923:
2916:
2898:
2895:
2881:
2861:
2841:
2818:
2798:
2778:
2755:
2735:
2715:
2643:
2620:
2592:
2569:
2549:
2529:
2509:
2489:
2469:
2449:
2429:
2409:
2389:
2369:
2349:
2329:
2315:
2301:
2287:
2285:Shift to Cyrillic Letters
2281:
2127:
2046:
2011:
1972:
1866:). It is no longer used.
243:
194:
188:
152:
123:
8976:Variable-length encoding
8757:Miscellaneous code pages
7515:Extended Unix Code / EUC
7206:-15 (New Western Europe)
7002:Early telecommunications
6741:Gillam, Richard (2002).
6401:Beauchamp, K.G. (2001).
2996:Original Baudot variants
1914:" – the
101:measurement is known as
8903:C0 and C1 control codes
6823:, version 1.3 or later.
6437:Baudot Multiplex System
2239:Count of punched marks
2027:ITA 3 (van Duuren code)
1979:British variant of ITA2
1968:ITA2 Baudot–Murray code
7151:-3 (Maltese/Esperanto)
7102:World System Teletext
6448:Gleick, James (2011).
6329:(in French). Archives
6286:. ark:/13960/t07x23w8s
6045:
5743:
4802:
4553:
4470:Baudot–Murray variants
4453:
4404:
4356:
4310:
3963:Original Baudot, ITA 1
2960:applications, such as
2948:ITA2 is still used in
2189:
1946:
1918:(Carriage Return) and
1880:
37:
8925:Whitespace characters
8602:Ventura International
6940:on 13 September 2009.
6039:
5741:
2924:Shift to Letters (LS)
2896:Shift to Figures (FS)
2187:
1940:
1877:
83:communication channel
46:French pronunciation:
35:
8320:Norwegian and Danish
6960:at Wikimedia Commons
6615:. pp. 328–329.
6409:. pp. 394–395.
6337:on 16 December 2017.
6077:"control" characters
5998:improve this article
2920:lettercase extension
1836:Carl Friedrich Gauss
134:and ∗ (Erasure)
85:such as a telegraph
9031:1870s introductions
8880:Unified Hangul Code
8552:PostScript Standard
8275:Multinational (MCS)
7146:-2 (Central Europe)
7141:-1 (Western Europe)
6995:Character encodings
6837:(5 February 2020).
6743:Unicode Demystified
6672:on 23 December 2017
6666:"The "Baudot" Code"
6568:Smith, Gil (2001).
6206:on slip printers."
6064:which rang a small
5748:
5481:
5232:
4981:
4730:
4481:
4216:
3969:
3729:
3490:
3246:
3007:
2926:/ Erasure / Delete
2194:
2079:
1969:
1852:British Post Office
231:
120:
69:code in use before
9016:Character encoding
8961:Hardware code page
8721:typesetting system
8557:PostScript Latin 1
8213:Cyrillic + Finnish
8120:Windows code pages
8002:IBM AIX code pages
7330:National standards
7261:Ukrainian Cyrillic
6790:on 4 November 1999
6722:on 8 February 2012
6605:Steinbuch, Karl W.
6046:
5746:
5744:
5479:
5230:
4979:
4728:
4479:
4214:
3967:
3727:
3488:
3244:
3005:
2200:(1=mark, 0=space)
2192:
2190:
2112:Russian Morse code
1947:
1912:control characters
1881:
229:
119:Baudot code (ITA1)
114:Baudot code (ITA1)
55:character encoding
38:
8998:
8997:
8951:Charset detection
8890:Control character
8572:Sharp calculators
8443:Casio calculators
8371:Platform specific
8223:Cyrillic + German
8218:Cyrillic + French
7636:Maltese/Esperanto
7272:Bibliographic use
7156:-4 (North Europe)
7088:T.51/ISO/IEC 6937
7046:Baudot and Murray
6956:Media related to
6899:978-0-19-284055-4
6886:Copeland, B. Jack
6784:"Five-unit codes"
6549:on 21 August 2023
6461:978-0-00-742311-8
6256:"Printer Systems"
6171:Explanatory notes
6030:
6029:
6022:
5967:
5966:
5728:
5727:
5477:
5476:
5228:
5227:
4972:
4971:
4726:
4725:
4467:
4466:
4212:
4211:
3960:
3959:
3725:
3724:
3481:
3480:
3242:
3241:
2930:
2929:
2902:figures extension
2156:
2155:
2075:
2074:
1905:Linotype machines
1832:
1831:
223:
222:
16:(Redirected from
9038:
8990:
8989:
8482:DG International
8357:Special Graphics
8158:Extended Latin-8
7556:Central European
7546:Barents Cyrillic
7251:Barents Cyrillic
7221:-12 (Devanagari)
7217:Abandoned parts
6988:
6981:
6974:
6965:
6955:
6941:
6936:. Archived from
6923:MTK-2 code table
6919:
6917:
6915:
6903:
6872:
6871:
6860:
6854:
6853:
6847:
6845:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6806:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6780:
6757:
6756:
6738:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6727:
6721:
6714:
6706:
6700:
6688:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6677:
6668:. Archived from
6664:dataIP Limited.
6661:
6655:
6654:
6648:
6644:
6642:
6634:
6601:
6592:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6581:
6574:
6565:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6554:
6545:. Archived from
6544:
6536:
6530:
6529:
6517:
6511:
6505:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6472:
6466:
6465:
6445:
6439:
6427:
6421:
6420:
6398:
6392:
6391:
6380:
6371:
6368:
6362:
6361:
6345:
6339:
6338:
6319:
6313:
6308:
6293:
6291:
6279:
6268:
6267:
6251:
6242:
6241:
6224:
6207:
6205:
6200:
6191:
6188:
6025:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6005:
5982:
5974:
5963:
5943:
5861:
5842:
5835:
5823:
5749:
5724:
5702:
5615:
5603:
5596:
5572:
5558:
5544:
5482:
5473:
5451:
5349:
5330:
5323:
5309:
5295:
5233:
5224:
5198:
5096:
5072:
5058:
5044:
4982:
4975:ITA 2 and US-TTY
4963:
4962:
4940:
4838:
4814:
4805:
4795:
4731:
4717:
4716:
4694:
4592:
4568:
4556:
4546:
4482:
4458:
4426:
4409:
4387:
4378:
4361:
4329:
4315:
4298:
4279:
4217:
4173:
4136:
4127:
4078:
4051:
4032:
3970:
3921:
3879:
3836:
3792:
3730:
3686:
3644:
3595:
3553:
3491:
3442:
3400:
3353:
3309:
3247:
3203:
3161:
3112:
3070:
3008:
2595:
2302:Carriage return
2198:Impulse patterns
2195:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2101:Russian Cyrillic
2080:
2067:
2060:
2053:
1977:
1970:
1903:" order used in
1740:
913:
817:
486:
232:
215:
208:
201:
133:
128:
121:
52:
47:
21:
9046:
9045:
9041:
9040:
9039:
9037:
9036:
9035:
9001:
9000:
8999:
8994:
8980:
8956:Han unification
8929:
8884:
8752:
8713:
8631:
8453:Compucolor 8001
8366:
8362:Technical (TCS)
8285:French Canadian
8256:
8232:
8228:Polytonic Greek
8114:
7996:
7680:
7666:Turkic Cyrillic
7581:Font X (Kermit)
7576:Farsi (Persian)
7528:
7519:
7491:
7325:
7267:
7137:Approved parts
7124:
6997:
6992:
6948:
6932:
6913:
6911:
6907:Hobbs, Alan G.
6906:
6900:
6884:
6881:
6879:Further reading
6876:
6875:
6862:
6861:
6857:
6843:
6841:
6833:
6832:
6828:
6808:
6807:
6803:
6793:
6791:
6782:
6781:
6760:
6753:
6740:
6739:
6735:
6725:
6723:
6719:
6712:
6708:
6707:
6703:
6689:
6685:
6675:
6673:
6663:
6662:
6658:
6645:
6635:
6623:
6613:Springer Verlag
6603:
6602:
6595:
6585:
6583:
6579:
6572:
6567:
6566:
6562:
6552:
6550:
6542:
6538:
6537:
6533:
6519:
6518:
6514:
6506:
6502:
6492:
6490:
6474:
6473:
6469:
6462:
6447:
6446:
6442:
6429:Alan G. Hobbs,
6428:
6424:
6417:
6400:
6399:
6395:
6382:
6381:
6374:
6369:
6365:
6347:
6346:
6342:
6321:
6320:
6316:
6289:
6287:
6281:
6280:
6271:
6253:
6252:
6245:
6239:
6226:
6225:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6210:
6203:
6201:
6194:
6189:
6178:
6173:
6146:
6114:Cyrillic letter
6054:carriage return
6026:
6015:
6009:
6006:
5995:
5983:
5972:
5959:
5939:
5855:
5838:
5829:
5817:
5733:
5720:
5698:
5611:
5599:
5590:
5566:
5552:
5540:
5469:
5447:
5343:
5326:
5317:
5303:
5291:
5216:
5194:
5090:
5066:
5052:
5040:
4977:
4960:
4959:
4936:
4832:
4810:
4803:
4789:
4714:
4713:
4690:
4586:
4564:
4554:
4540:
4477:
4472:
4454:
4422:
4405:
4381:
4374:
4357:
4323:
4311:
4292:
4275:
4169:
4130:
4121:
4074:
4045:
4028:
3965:
3917:
3875:
3830:
3788:
3682:
3638:
3591:
3549:
3486:
3438:
3396:
3347:
3305:
3199:
3155:
3108:
3066:
3003:
2998:
2986:
2974:
2925:
2919:
2901:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2199:
2162:introduced the
2152:
2071:
2030:
2025:
1980:
1965:
1935:
1872:
1738:
911:
815:
484:
219:
135:
131:
116:
111:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9044:
9042:
9034:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9021:Character sets
9018:
9013:
9003:
9002:
8996:
8995:
8992:Character sets
8985:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8937:
8935:
8934:Related topics
8931:
8930:
8928:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8916:
8915:
8910:
8900:
8898:Morse prosigns
8894:
8892:
8886:
8885:
8883:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8850:
8849:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8817:
8816:
8811:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8782:
8781:
8771:
8766:
8760:
8758:
8754:
8753:
8751:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8724:
8722:
8715:
8714:
8712:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8645:
8643:
8633:
8632:
8630:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8592:TI calculators
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8374:
8372:
8368:
8367:
8365:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8333:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8300:United Kingdom
8297:
8292:
8287:
8277:
8271:
8269:
8258:
8257:
8255:
8254:
8249:
8243:
8241:
8234:
8233:
8231:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8135:
8130:
8124:
8122:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8006:
8004:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7688:
7686:
7685:DOS code pages
7682:
7681:
7679:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7631:Latin (Kermit)
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7532:
7530:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7501:
7499:
7493:
7492:
7490:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7333:
7331:
7327:
7326:
7324:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7292:
7291:
7286:
7275:
7273:
7269:
7268:
7266:
7265:
7264:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7240:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7231:KOI-8 Cyrillic
7225:
7224:
7223:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7211:-16 (Romanian)
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7134:
7132:
7126:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7108:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7072:
7067:
7066:
7065:
7055:
7050:
7049:
7048:
7043:
7042:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7016:
7009:Telegraph code
7005:
7003:
6999:
6998:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6983:
6976:
6968:
6962:
6961:
6947:
6946:External links
6944:
6943:
6942:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6904:
6898:
6888:, ed. (2006).
6880:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6864:Bacon, Francis
6855:
6826:
6801:
6758:
6751:
6733:
6701:
6683:
6656:
6621:
6593:
6575:. Baudot.net.
6560:
6531:
6512:
6500:
6467:
6460:
6440:
6422:
6415:
6393:
6372:
6363:
6340:
6314:
6269:
6243:
6237:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6192:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6150:Bacon's cipher
6145:
6142:
6102:(RTTY) usage.
6072:(blank tape).
6070:null character
6062:bell character
6028:
6027:
5986:
5984:
5977:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5957:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5937:
5934:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5908:
5903:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5886:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5865:
5862:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5836:
5827:
5824:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5609:
5604:
5597:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5564:
5559:
5550:
5545:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5475:
5474:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5324:
5315:
5310:
5301:
5296:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5226:
5225:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5064:
5059:
5050:
5045:
5038:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4808:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4724:
4723:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4379:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4321:
4316:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4128:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2985:
2982:
2973:
2970:
2966:Deutsche Börse
2928:
2927:
2922:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2233:code elements:
2223:
2219:code elements:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2094:
2093:Classification
2090:
2089:
2084:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1993:Classification
1990:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1964:
1961:
1941:Keyboard of a
1934:
1931:
1871:
1868:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1635:
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1627:
1625:
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1597:
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1128:
1125:
1122:
1120:
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1108:
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1098:
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1037:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
993:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
949:
947:
945:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
926:
924:
922:
920:
917:
914:
909:
906:
903:
900:
899:
897:
895:
892:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
877:
875:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
853:
851:
848:
845:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
830:
828:
826:
823:
820:
818:
813:
810:
807:
804:
803:
801:
798:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
779:
777:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
730:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
705:
703:
700:
698:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
683:
681:
679:
676:
674:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
659:
657:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
641:
638:
636:
634:
631:
629:
627:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
601:
599:
596:
593:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
567:
564:
561:
558:
556:
554:
552:
549:
546:
544:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
519:
516:
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511:
509:
507:
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502:
499:
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492:
489:
487:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
471:
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466:
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460:
458:
455:
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450:
448:
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438:
435:
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430:
429:
427:
425:
422:
419:
417:
415:
413:
410:
407:
405:
403:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
381:
379:
377:
374:
372:
370:
368:
365:
362:
360:
358:
356:
354:
351:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
336:
334:
332:
330:
328:
326:
324:
322:
320:
317:
314:
312:
310:
308:
306:
304:
302:
299:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
239:
236:
221:
220:
218:
217:
210:
203:
195:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
161:
160:Classification
157:
156:
149:
148:Current status
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
129:
115:
112:
110:
107:
81:, sent over a
53:) is an early
50:[bodo]
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9043:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9011:Amateur radio
9009:
9008:
9006:
8993:
8983:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8938:
8936:
8932:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8905:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8895:
8893:
8891:
8887:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8855:
8851:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8833:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8806:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8780:
8777:
8776:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8759:
8755:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8716:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8646:
8644:
8642:
8641:ISO/IEC 10646
8638:
8634:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8458:Compucolor II
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8413:Acorn RISC OS
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8369:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8342:8-bit Turkish
8340:
8338:
8335:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8282:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8263:
8259:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8235:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8143:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8121:
8117:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8007:
8005:
8003:
7999:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7687:
7683:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7527:
7522:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7510:ISO/IEC 10367
7508:
7506:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7498:
7494:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7328:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7274:
7270:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7222:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7161:-5 (Cyrillic)
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7131:
7127:
7121:
7118:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7084:
7080:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7064:
7061:
7060:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7047:
7044:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7011:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7000:
6996:
6989:
6984:
6982:
6977:
6975:
6970:
6969:
6966:
6959:
6954:
6950:
6949:
6945:
6939:
6935:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6910:
6905:
6901:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6882:
6878:
6869:
6865:
6859:
6856:
6852:
6840:
6836:
6835:Jennings, Tom
6830:
6827:
6822:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6805:
6802:
6789:
6785:
6779:
6777:
6775:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6767:
6765:
6763:
6759:
6754:
6752:0-201-70052-2
6748:
6744:
6737:
6734:
6718:
6711:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6687:
6684:
6671:
6667:
6660:
6657:
6652:
6640:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6622:3-540-06242-4
6618:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6600:
6598:
6594:
6578:
6571:
6564:
6561:
6548:
6541:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6523:
6516:
6513:
6509:
6508:Copeland 2006
6504:
6501:
6488:
6484:
6483:
6478:
6471:
6468:
6463:
6457:
6453:
6452:
6444:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6433:
6426:
6423:
6418:
6416:0-85296-792-6
6412:
6408:
6404:
6397:
6394:
6389:
6385:
6384:Jennings, Tom
6379:
6377:
6373:
6367:
6364:
6359:
6355:
6351:
6344:
6341:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6325:(June 1874).
6324:
6318:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6300:
6285:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6270:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6238:0-442-27679-6
6234:
6230:
6223:
6220:
6213:
6199:
6197:
6193:
6187:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6170:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6154:Francis Bacon
6151:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6141:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6100:radioteletype
6097:
6092:
6091:
6087:The sequence
6085:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6060:, BEL is the
6059:
6055:
6050:
6043:
6038:
6034:
6024:
6021:
6013:
6010:November 2023
6003:
5999:
5993:
5992:
5987:This section
5985:
5981:
5976:
5975:
5969:
5962:
5953:
5948:
5942:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5907:
5899:
5894:
5888:
5887:
5869:
5859:
5852:
5847:
5841:
5833:
5821:
5814:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5740:
5736:
5730:
5723:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5701:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5614:
5608:
5602:
5594:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5570:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5543:
5536:
5535:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5472:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5450:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5335:
5329:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5294:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5223:
5219:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5197:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5043:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4974:
4968:
4964:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4722:
4718:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4567:
4561:
4551:
4544:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4474:
4469:
4463:
4457:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4419:
4414:
4408:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4385:
4377:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4314:
4308:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4284:
4278:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4134:
4125:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4037:
4031:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3962:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3878:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3859:
3854:
3846:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3791:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3642:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3483:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3159:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2984:Character set
2983:
2981:
2979:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2962:radioteletype
2959:
2958:amateur radio
2955:
2951:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2934:
2921:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2206:Figure shift
2203:Letter shift
2196:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2158:In 1932, the
2149:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1971:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1951:Western Union
1944:
1939:
1933:Western Union
1932:
1930:
1928:
1927:British Creed
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1901:Etaoin shrdlu
1898:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:Donald Murray
1876:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1840:Wilhelm Weber
1837:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
997:
994:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
952:
951:
948:
946:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
927:
925:
923:
921:
918:
915:
910:
907:
904:
902:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
878:
876:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
861:
858:
856:
855:
852:
849:
846:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
831:
829:
827:
824:
821:
819:
814:
811:
808:
806:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
780:
778:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
756:
755:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
731:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
708:
707:
704:
701:
699:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
684:
682:
680:
677:
675:
673:
670:
667:
664:
662:
661:
658:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
642:
639:
637:
635:
632:
630:
628:
625:
622:
620:
618:
617:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
602:
600:
597:
594:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
579:
576:
574:
572:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
557:
555:
553:
550:
547:
545:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
526:
524:
523:
520:
517:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
503:
500:
498:
496:
493:
490:
488:
483:
480:
478:
476:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
456:
453:
451:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
436:
434:
432:
431:
428:
426:
423:
420:
418:
416:
414:
411:
408:
406:
404:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
388:
386:
385:
382:
380:
378:
375:
373:
371:
369:
366:
363:
361:
359:
357:
355:
352:
349:
346:
344:
342:
341:
337:
335:
333:
331:
329:
327:
325:
323:
321:
318:
315:
313:
311:
309:
307:
305:
303:
301:
300:
271:
247:
233:
227:
216:
211:
209:
204:
202:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
183:
180:
177:
173:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
127:
122:
113:
108:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
43:
34:
30:
19:
8908:ISO/IEC 6429
8865:Stanford/ITS
8852:
8786:ARIB STD-B24
8567:Sega SC-3000
8468:DEC RADIX 50
7505:ISO/IEC 8859
7497:ISO/IEC 2022
7242:Adaptations
7201:-14 (Celtic)
7196:-13 (Baltic)
7186:-10 (Nordic)
7181:-9 (Turkish)
7130:ISO/IEC 8859
7045:
6938:the original
6912:. Retrieved
6889:
6867:
6858:
6849:
6842:. Retrieved
6829:
6814:
6804:
6792:. Retrieved
6788:the original
6742:
6736:
6724:. Retrieved
6717:the original
6704:
6697:
6686:
6674:. Retrieved
6670:the original
6659:
6608:
6584:. Retrieved
6563:
6551:. Retrieved
6547:the original
6534:
6526:
6521:
6515:
6510:, p. 38
6503:
6491:. Retrieved
6486:
6480:
6470:
6450:
6443:
6436:
6432:5 Unit Codes
6430:
6425:
6402:
6396:
6366:
6357:
6354:Transactions
6353:
6343:
6335:the original
6317:
6295:
6288:. Retrieved
6263:
6259:
6228:
6222:
6107:
6104:
6088:
6086:
6074:
6051:
6047:
6031:
6016:
6007:
5996:Please help
5991:verification
5988:
5734:
5731:Weather code
2987:
2975:
2972:Nomenclature
2947:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2918:Reserved for
2917:
2900:Reserved for
2899:
2232:
2218:
2180:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2118:Succeeded by
2018:Succeeded by
1948:
1924:
1909:
1893:
1889:punched tape
1882:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1833:
1811:
1806:
1791:
1786:
1062:
1057:
1029:
1024:
1009:
1004:
224:
185:Succeeded by
151:Replaced by
91:radio signal
63:Émile Baudot
61:invented by
41:
39:
29:
8627:ZX Spectrum
8582:Sinclair QL
8418:Amstrad CPC
8337:8-bit Greek
8264:terminals (
7977:Iran System
7529:("scripts")
7176:-8 (Hebrew)
7166:-6 (Arabic)
7063:ISO/IEC 646
6958:Baudot code
6914:10 February
6811:Baudot+code
6647:|work=
6489:: 1195–1199
6290:20 December
6042:hexadecimal
4475:Murray Code
2956:, and some
2108:Preceded by
2083:Language(s)
2008:Preceded by
2001:basic Latin
1943:teleprinter
1870:Murray code
175:Preceded by
168:basic Latin
99:symbol rate
67:teleprinter
42:Baudot code
9026:Telegraphy
9005:Categories
8913:JIS X 0211
8821:ISO-IR-169
8674:UTF-EBCDIC
8240:code pages
7967:CSX+ Indic
7571:Devanagari
7526:Code pages
7447:LST 1590-4
7417:JIS X 0213
7412:JIS X 0212
7407:JIS X 0208
7402:JIS X 0201
7367:GOST 10859
7289:CCCII/EACC
7191:-11 (Thai)
7171:-7 (Greek)
7106:background
7029:Wabun/Kana
6794:5 December
6435:, section
6214:References
2316:Line feed
244:sort keys
238:sort keys
179:Morse code
59:telegraphy
8966:MICR code
8801:IEC-P27-1
8779:ISO-IR-68
8684:DIN 91379
8562:SAM Coupé
8497:GSM 03.38
8487:Galaksija
7982:Kamenický
7962:CSX Indic
7671:Ukrainian
7457:Shift JIS
7437:KS X 1002
7432:KS X 1001
7357:DIN 66003
7352:CNS 11643
7120:Transcode
7098:ITU T.101
7024:Non-Latin
6726:10 August
6698:Blue Book
6649:ignored (
6639:cite book
6090:RYRYRY...
6058:line feed
2263:standard
2244:standard
2178:in 1963.
1985:Alias(es)
140:Alias(es)
75:character
8971:Mojibake
8826:ISO 2033
8791:Fieldata
8769:ASMO 449
8679:GB 18030
8639: /
8587:Teletext
8577:Sharp MZ
8507:HP FOCAL
8502:HP Roman
8433:Atari ST
8423:Apple II
7957:CS Indic
7651:Romanian
7626:Keyboard
7606:Gurmukhi
7601:Gujarati
7591:Georgian
7566:Cyrillic
7561:Croatian
7536:Armenian
7442:LST 1564
7427:KPS 9566
7387:GB 18030
7382:GB 12052
7377:GB 12345
7362:ELOT 927
7296:ISO 5426
7256:Estonian
7093:ITU T.61
7083:Teletext
7079:Videotex
7053:Fieldata
7039:Cyrillic
6866:(1605).
6631:73-80607
6577:Archived
6525:. 1921.
6386:(2020).
6165:CCIR 476
6156:in 1605.
6144:See also
6056:, LF is
6044:numbers)
2943:national
2268:variant
2258:variant
2251:variant
2103:encoding
2098:stateful
2022:FIELDATA
2003:encoding
1998:stateful
170:encoding
165:stateful
8860:SEASCII
8854:Mojikyō
8841:KOI8-RU
8764:ABICOMP
8637:Unicode
8547:PETSCII
8537:NEC APC
8473:DEC MCS
8428:ATASCII
8325:Swedish
8310:Finnish
8295:Spanish
7987:Mazovia
7952:ABICOMP
7661:Turkish
7616:Iceland
7524:Mac OS
7467:TIS-620
7372:GB 2312
7347:BraSCII
7337:ArmSCII
7075:Teletex
7034:Chinese
6813:at the
6676:16 July
6586:11 July
5970:Details
2990:Unicode
2952:(TDD),
2254:Russian
2247:Russian
2236:12·345
2222:543·21
2087:Russian
2036:ISO 646
1063:Erasure
1058:Erasure
235:Europe
109:History
73:. Each
8870:Symbol
8846:KOI8-U
8836:KOI8-R
8704:TACE16
8694:CESU-8
8689:BOCU-1
8669:UTF-32
8664:UTF-16
8607:WISCII
8597:TRS-80
8517:SQUOZE
8512:HP RPL
8352:Hebrew
8347:SI 960
8315:French
8238:EBCDIC
8128:CER-GS
7611:Hebrew
7586:Gaelic
7551:Celtic
7541:Arabic
7487:YUSCII
7477:VISCII
7462:SI 960
7452:PASCII
7301:5426-2
7279:MARC-8
7014:Needle
6896:
6851:right!
6844:1 June
6749:
6629:
6619:
6553:10 May
6493:9 July
6458:
6413:
6303:Hughes
6266:: 209.
6235:
6052:CR is
5860:
5856:
5834:
5830:
5822:
5818:
5595:
5591:
5571:
5567:
5557:
5553:
5348:
5344:
5322:
5318:
5308:
5304:
5095:
5091:
5071:
5067:
5057:
5053:
4837:
4833:
4794:
4790:
4591:
4587:
4545:
4541:
4386:
4382:
4328:
4324:
4297:
4293:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4050:
4046:
3835:
3831:
3643:
3639:
3352:
3348:
3160:
3156:
2911:11·111
2908:111·11
2890:11·011
2887:110·11
2870:00·111
2867:111·00
2850:00·110
2847:011·00
2830:10·011
2827:110·01
2807:01·111
2804:111·10
2787:01·110
2784:011·10
2767:10·111
2764:111·01
2744:10·001
2741:100·01
2724:01·001
2721:100·10
2704:11·110
2701:011·11
2678:11·010
2675:010·11
2652:00·101
2649:101·00
2644:&
2629:01·011
2626:110·10
2606:10·110
2603:011·01
2581:10·010
2578:010·01
2558:10·100
2555:001·01
2538:11·000
2535:000·11
2518:01·101
2515:101·10
2498:00·011
2495:110·00
2478:01·100
2475:001·10
2458:11·100
2455:001·11
2438:10·101
2435:101·01
2418:00·001
2415:100·00
2398:01·010
2395:010·10
2378:10·000
2375:000·01
2358:11·001
2355:100·11
2338:11·101
2335:101·11
2330:Space
2324:00·100
2321:001·00
2310:01·000
2307:000·10
2296:00·010
2293:010·00
2276:00·000
2273:000·00
2266:US TTY
2216:right;
2096:5-bit
1996:5-bit
1925:Early
1792:Letter
1005:Figure
163:5-bit
97:. The
8941:CCSID
8814:8-bit
8809:7-bit
8805:INIS
8659:UTF-8
8654:UTF-7
8649:UTF-1
8527:LMBCS
8463:CP/M+
8305:Dutch
8290:Swiss
7972:CWI-2
7676:VT100
7646:Roman
7641:Ogham
7621:Inuit
7596:Greek
7482:VSCII
7472:TSCII
7422:KOI-7
7397:ISCII
7392:HKSCS
7284:ANSEL
7246:Welsh
7070:BCDIC
7058:ASCII
7019:Morse
6720:(PDF)
6713:(PDF)
6691:ITU-T
6580:(PDF)
6573:(PDF)
6543:(PDF)
6122:&
6110:MTK-2
6082:ASCII
5694:&
5443:&
3806:&
2954:Telex
2573:Bell
2288:Null
2256:MTK-2
2249:MTK-2
2230:left;
2176:ASCII
2160:CCITT
2122:KOI-7
2078:MTK-2
2040:ASCII
2032:ITA 5
1787:Blank
1010:Blank
394:&
277:Fig.
274:Let.
89:or a
71:ASCII
8875:TRON
8728:Cork
8699:SCSU
8622:ZX81
8617:ZX80
8612:XCCS
8542:NeXT
8522:LICS
8477:NRCS
8438:BICS
8408:1058
8403:1057
8398:1056
8393:1055
8388:1054
8383:1053
8378:1052
8252:DKOI
8208:1270
8203:1258
8198:1257
8193:1256
8188:1255
8183:1254
8178:1253
8173:1252
8168:1251
8163:1250
8153:1169
8110:1133
8105:1124
8100:1046
8095:1019
8090:1018
8085:1017
8080:1016
8075:1015
8070:1014
8065:1013
8060:1012
8055:1010
8050:1009
8045:1008
8040:1006
7947:3846
7942:1127
7937:1118
7932:1117
7927:1116
7922:1115
7917:1098
7912:1044
7907:1043
7902:1042
7897:1040
7892:1034
7656:Sámi
7342:Big5
7321:6862
7316:6438
7311:5428
7306:5427
7236:Sámi
7111:sets
7077:and
6916:2017
6894:ISBN
6846:2022
6821:GFDL
6796:2001
6747:ISBN
6728:2011
6678:2017
6651:help
6627:LCCN
6617:ISBN
6588:2008
6555:2024
6495:2009
6456:ISBN
6411:ISBN
6299:Davy
6292:2020
6233:ISBN
6136:and
6066:bell
5961:LTRS
5941:FIGS
5722:LTRS
5700:FIGS
5471:LTRS
5449:FIGS
5218:LTRS
5196:FIGS
4938:FIGS
4812:LTRS
4692:FIGS
4566:LTRS
4376:LTRS
4076:FIGS
3877:LTRS
3593:FIGS
3398:LTRS
3110:FIGS
2693:Bell
2594:WRU?
2282:Null
2261:ITA2
2242:ITA2
2168:ITA2
2012:ITA1
1963:ITA2
1864:ITA1
1838:and
1812:Let.
1025:Fig.
294:III
270:Gray
263:III
189:ITA2
153:ITA2
103:baud
87:wire
79:bits
57:for
40:The
8831:KOI
8748:OT1
8743:OMS
8738:OML
8733:LY1
8719:TeX
8532:MSX
8492:GEM
8448:CDC
8266:VTx
8262:DEC
8148:950
8142:GBK
8138:936
8133:932
8035:922
8030:921
8025:915
8020:912
8015:896
8010:895
7992:MIK
7887:951
7882:950
7877:949
7872:942
7867:936
7862:932
7857:904
7852:903
7847:899
7842:897
7837:869
7832:868
7827:867
7822:866
7817:865
7812:864
7807:863
7802:862
7797:861
7792:860
7787:859
7782:858
7777:857
7772:856
7767:855
7762:853
7757:852
7752:851
7747:850
7742:778
7737:777
7732:776
7727:775
7722:773
7717:770
7712:737
7707:720
7702:708
7697:668
7692:437
6130:BEL
6096:FSK
6084:).
6000:by
5889:1x
5840:BEL
5804:0x
5640:1x
5613:BEL
5601:ENQ
5542:NUL
5537:0x
5389:1x
5328:BEL
5293:NUL
5288:0x
5222:DEL
5136:1x
5042:NUL
5037:0x
4961:DEL
4878:1x
4804:COL
4786:0x
4715:DEL
4632:1x
4555:COL
4537:0x
4424:DEL
4371:1x
4277:NUL
4272:0x
4171:DEL
4118:1x
4030:NUL
4025:0x
3919:DEL
3872:1x
3862:ᶠ̵
3849:ʰ̵
3790:NUL
3785:0x
3684:DEL
3635:1x
3551:NUL
3546:0x
3440:DEL
3393:1x
3307:NUL
3302:0x
3201:DEL
3152:1x
3068:NUL
3063:0x
2598:$
2226:LSB
2212:LSB
1956:BEL
1807:Bl.
1030:Bl.
297:UK
291:II
283:IV
260:II
252:IV
241:UK
93:by
9007::
8796:HZ
6848:.
6761:^
6643::
6641:}}
6637:{{
6625:.
6596:^
6487:II
6485:.
6479:.
6405:.
6375:^
6358:18
6356:.
6352:.
6294:.
6272:^
6264:34
6262:.
6258:.
6246:^
6195:^
6179:^
6124:,
6120:,
5956:⦶
5936:↘
5933:⊕
5910:↓
5902:↖
5884:←
5881:◯
5878:→
5875:⦷
5872:↙
5864:↗
5858:CR
5832:SP
5826:↑
5820:LF
5799:F
5796:E
5793:D
5790:C
5787:B
5784:A
5781:9
5778:8
5775:7
5772:6
5769:5
5766:4
5763:3
5760:2
5757:1
5754:0
5593:CR
5569:SP
5555:LF
5532:F
5529:E
5526:D
5523:C
5520:B
5517:A
5514:9
5511:8
5508:7
5505:6
5502:5
5499:4
5496:3
5493:2
5490:1
5487:0
5353:$
5346:CR
5320:SP
5306:LF
5283:F
5280:E
5277:D
5274:C
5271:B
5268:A
5265:9
5262:8
5259:7
5256:6
5253:5
5250:4
5247:3
5244:2
5241:1
5238:0
5093:CR
5069:SP
5055:LF
5032:F
5029:E
5026:D
5023:C
5020:B
5017:A
5014:9
5011:8
5008:7
5005:6
5002:5
4999:4
4996:3
4993:2
4990:1
4987:0
4932:³⁄
4902:⁵⁄
4872:⁹⁄
4852:⁷⁄
4835:LF
4792:SP
4781:F
4778:E
4775:D
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4769:B
4766:A
4763:9
4760:8
4757:7
4754:6
4751:5
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4508:7
4505:6
4502:5
4499:4
4496:3
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4490:1
4487:0
4456:PU
4407:PU
4384:LF
4359:PU
4326:SP
4313:PU
4295:CR
4267:F
4264:E
4261:D
4258:C
4255:B
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4249:9
4246:8
4243:7
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4237:5
4234:4
4231:3
4228:2
4225:1
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4048:CR
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4017:E
4014:D
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4008:B
4005:A
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3999:8
3996:7
3993:6
3990:5
3987:4
3984:3
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3978:1
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