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and constructs a crisis to justify it. The pattern of justification is almost always the same: Rouse public opinion, make impossible demands, try to legitimize the demands, deny your real intentions then employ the rejection of the demands as a reason for war. A recent example, commonly employed by
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is a widespread term without a single common definition. To some, it involves "a sequence of interactions between the governments of two or more sovereign states in severe conflict, short of actual war, but involving the perception of a dangerously high probability of
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88:
With the exception of a justification of hostilities, the study of international crises assumes that neither side actually wants to go to war, but must be visibly prepared to do so.
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Snyder, Glenn H. and
Diesing, Paul: 1977. Conflict Among Nations: Bargaining, Decision Making and System Structure in International Crises. defines an international crisis
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Snyder, Glenn H. and
Diesing, Paul: 1977. Conflict Among Nations: Bargaining, Decision Making and System Structure in International Crises.
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66:. The nations are involved in a war or crisis with another nation or nations and this precipitates another crisis, e.g. the
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were defused. The following crises did not immediately provoke large-scale violence, but set off anger in countries:
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International crises tend to result in war, almost by definition; they are then remembered best not as crises but as
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Lebow, Richard N.:1981. Between Peace and War: The Nature of
International Crisis.
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Lebow, Richard N.:1981. Between Peace and War: The Nature of
International Crisis.
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175:. For information on international crises that resulted immediately in war, see
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George, Alexander L (ed): 1991. Avoiding War: Problems of Crisis
Management.
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George, Alexander L (ed): 1991. Avoiding War: Problems of Crisis
Management.
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George's book presents an overview of the process and conflicting goals of
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as well as many examples. He discusses a number of strategies, including:
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conveying commitment and resolve to avoid miscalculation by the adversary
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76:. Intentionally forcing a crisis to get the other side to back down. The
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199:(1887–1889), between the United States of America, England, and Germany
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Category:Knowledge (XXG) categories named after diplomatic crises
43:. One of the nations decides, before the crisis starts, to go to
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Lebow gives a breakdown of three types of international crises:
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Acuto, Michele (7 September 2011). "Diplomats in Crisis".
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Given the above, some of the crises that are best-known
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Searchable analyses of 496 crises from 1918 to 2019
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International Crisis
Behavior Project's Data Viewer
291:(1945) between the United Kingdom and Syria, France
232:, between Venezuela and Britain, Germany and Italy
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435:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
416:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
211:, between Venezuela and the United Kingdom
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244:, between Venezuela and the Netherlands
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721:International relations terminology
80:of 1962 is a well-known example of
16:Crisis in relations between states
14:
429:Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
266:Remilitarization of the Rhineland
447:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
371:
242:Dutch–Venezuelan crisis of 1908
114:limited and reversible response
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598:10.1080/09592296.2011.599661
423:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
230:Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03
41:Justification of hostilities
742:
586:Diplomacy & Statecraft
510:2023 Nigerien coup d'Ă©tat
209:Venezuelan crisis of 1895
56:, which precipitated the
50:critics of George W. Bush
503:The 2023 Nigerien Crisis
726:International incidents
530:International relations
203:Anglo-Portuguese Crisis
54:Iraq disarmament crisis
327:Damansky Island Crisis
167:List of defused crises
307:Berlin Crisis of 1961
236:First Moroccan Crisis
385:adding missing items
312:Cuban Missile Crisis
159:buying time strategy
153:test of capabilities
132:Defensive strategies
104:Offensive strategies
78:Cuban Missile Crisis
21:international crisis
479:Russo-Ukrainian war
461:Crisis in Venezuela
350:Iran hostage crisis
338:Axe Murder Incident
191:War in sight crisis
117:controlled pressure
383:; you can help by
283:Sudetenland Crisis
560:Crisis management
508:Aftermath of the
491:Rohingya genocide
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333:1973 Chilean coup
278:May Crisis (1938)
98:crisis management
70:incident in 1915.
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473:Syrian Civil War
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149:tit-for-tat
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540:World Bank
381:incomplete
144:escalation
92:Strategies
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525:Diplomacy
272:Anschluss
222:Baltimore
184:as crises
121:attrition
110:blackmail
68:Lusitania
52:, is the
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321:incident
142:limited
138:coercion
58:Iraq War
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319:Pueblo
314:(1962)
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256:(1911)
224:Crisis
193:(1875)
602:S2CID
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