866:. The DMZ follows the effective boundaries as of the end of the Korean War in 1953. Similarly to the Frontier Closed Area in Hong Kong, this zone and the defence apparatus that exists on both sides of the border serve to curtail unauthorised passage between the two sides. In South Korea, there is an additional fenced-off area between the Civilian Control Line (CCL) and the start of the Demilitarised Zone. The CCL is a line that designates an additional buffer zone to the Demilitarised Zone within a distance of 5 to 20 kilometres from the Southern Limit Line of the Demilitarised Zone. Its purpose is to limit and control the entrance of civilians into the area to protect and maintain the security of military facilities and operations near the Demilitarised Zone. The commander of the
505:, and various other western commercial institutions sprang up in the concessions. In the case of Japan, its own traditions and language naturally flourished. Some of these concessions eventually had more advanced architecture of each originating culture than most cities back in the countries of the foreign powers origin. Chinese were originally forbidden from most of the concessions, but to improve commercial activity and services, by the 1860s most concessions permitted Chinese, but treated them like second-class citizens as they were not citizens of the foreign state administering the concession. They eventually became the majority of the residents inside the concessions. Non-Chinese in the concessions were generally subject to
493:, significant portions of Chinese territory, primarily along the coast, were surrendered as concessions to occupying powers including many European powers as well as Japan and the United States. Each concession had its own police force, and different legal jurisdictions with their own separate laws. Thus, an activity might be legal in one concession but illegal in another. Many of the concessions also maintained their own military garrison and standing army. Military and police forces of the Chinese government were sometimes present. Some police forces allowed Chinese, others did not. In these concessions, the citizens of each foreign power were given the right to freely inhabit, trade,
1855:
1831:
1812:
1843:
1552:, Antarctica is administered as an international zone. The treaty forbids military activity in Antarctica, such as "the establishment of military bases and fortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, as well as the testing of any type of weapon", although it does provide for the "use of military personnel or equipment for scientific research or for any other peaceful purpose". The treaty establishes the continent as a preserve for scientific research, suspends all territorial claims over the continent, and permits all states to establish research stations on the continent.
36:
1871:
871:
accompany tourist busses and cars travelling north of the CCL as armed guards to monitor the civilians as well as to protect them from North Korean intruders. Most of the tourist and media photos of the "Demilitarised Zone fence" are actually photos of the CCL fence. The actual
Demilitarised Zone fence on the Southern Limit Line is completely off-limits to everybody except soldiers and it is illegal to take pictures of the Demilitarised Zone fence.
1800:
706:. Some countries, however, require transit passengers of certain nationalities to hold a direct airside transit visa even when they would not need to pass through border controls. To exempt passengers transiting between international flights from clearing border controls, most international airports outside North America feature a sterile zone which only authorized employees and processed passengers with a valid ticket are allowed to enter.
698:
airports, while they also exist at certain seaports and land crossings. Despite their usual exemption from local immigration and customs laws, international zones at ports of entry are fully under the jurisdiction of the country where they are located and local laws apply. Persons caught committing an unlawful act (e.g. possession of contraband such as illegal drugs) in the international zone are liable for prosecution.
827:
1854:
2363:
Presumably confident, Mr. Wilson left
Tripoli several days ago on his way to the Dominican Republic, with brief stops in Switzerland and Madrid. Law-enforcement officials said that Mr. Wilson, traveling under an assumed name on the Irish passport, never left the international zone of the two European
2344:
After his arrival in the early evening, he met with Mr. Keiser, a lawyer from Geneva and several other associates, never leaving the international zone of the Zurich airport. Swiss
Officials Alerted. The Swiss authorities, alerted about his travel plans by American authorities, did not interfere with
1555:
Antarctica currently has no permanent population and therefore it has no citizenship nor government. Personnel present on
Antarctica at any time are almost always citizens or nationals of some sovereignty outside Antarctica, as there is no Antarctic sovereignty. Consequently, individuals who commit
330:
are administered as international concessions by the United
Nations, while still subject to most local and national laws. As the United Nations requires delegates from all member states to be permitted to attend meetings at its headquarters, host countries maintain special visa arrangements such as
786:
because neither side is allowed to control it, even for non-combat administration. Some zones remain demilitarised after an agreement has awarded control to a state which (under the DMZ terms) had originally ceded its right to maintain military forces in the disputed territory. It is also possible
709:
Two major exceptions are the United States and Canada, where airports typically have no international transit zones. All passengers arriving on international flights are subject to customs and immigration inspections. Nationals of countries other than the United States and Canada at a U.S. airport
3541:
to the Yellow Sea, which was completed in 2012. Seoul was effectively landlocked from the ocean until 2012. The biggest limitation of the Ara Canal is it is too narrow to handle any vessels except small tourist boats and recreational boats, so Seoul still cannot receive large commercial ships or
1576:
expressly forbids states from claiming celestial bodies such as the Moon or a planet as their own territory, whether by declaration, occupation, or "any other means". However, the state that launches a space object, such as a satellite or space station, retains jurisdiction and control over that
730:
sell products tax-free to customers who have cleared exit border controls prior to boarding and, in some places, to passengers arriving from overseas. Most countries impose limits on how much of each type of duty-free goods, may be purchased by each passenger. The airport with the most duty-free
675:
on the island of Cyprus are a distinct category of concession ceded by a host state solely for military purposes. The jurisdictional authority ceded to the administering military force varies from base to base depending on the agreement concluded by the host and administering state. For example,
1560:
enforce the consensus decisions of the consultative parties: about which activities are acceptable, which areas require permits to enter, what processes of environmental impact assessment must precede activities, and so on. The
Antarctic Treaty is often considered to represent an example of the
1559:
Governments that are party to the
Antarctic Treaty and its Protocol on Environmental Protection implement the articles of these agreements, and decisions taken under them, through national laws. These laws generally apply only to their own citizens, wherever they are in Antarctica, and serve to
3564:
The treaty neither affirms nor rejects territorial claims previously asserted by parties but provides that no new territorial claims shall be asserted while it is in force and provides for the continent to by administered as an international zone during that time. The majority of
Antarctica is
697:
is the area where arriving international passengers have not formally entered the country by clearing arrival customs and immigration controls, and departing passengers have formally exited the country by clearing exit immigration control. Sterile zones are most commonly found in international
1937:
1598:
programmes and use of the station. Furthermore, each participating state exercises criminal jurisdiction over its personnel on the station except where the victim of a crime is a national of another participating state and the perpetrator's state of nationality does not prosecute the offence.
1597:
is governed by an international framework established by the
Agreement Concerning Cooperation on the Civil International Space Station. Under the agreement, each state is responsible for any liability associated with the components it contributes to the station and for the management of their
902:. On 30 January 2019, North Korean and South Korean military officials signed a landmark agreement that would open the Han River Estuary to civilian vessels for the first time since the Armistice Agreement in 1953. The agreement was scheduled to take place in April 2019 but the failure of the
209:
to the border control policies of the state in which it is located. There are several types of international zones ranging from special economic zones and sterile zones at ports of entry exempt from customs rules to concessions over which administration is ceded to one or more foreign states.
870:
ordered the creation of the CCL and it was activated and first became effective in
February 1954. The buffer zone that falls south of the Southern Limit Line is called the Civilian Control Zone. Barbed wire fences and manned military guard posts mark the CCLe. South Korean soldiers typically
680:
in Syria is leased to the Russian government for a period of 49 years and the Russian government exercises extraterritorial jurisdiction over the air base and its personnel while the British government administers Akrotiri and Dhekelia (designated as "sovereign base areas" under the treaty
3626:"AGREEMENT AMONG THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA, GOVERNMENTS OF MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY, THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN, THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONCERNING COOPERATION ON THE CIVIL INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION"
1235:
749:(Switzerland), contains a binational sterile zone including a customs road allowing passengers travelling to and from Switzerland to access the airport without passing through French customs control. The airport has been jointly operated by the two countries since a 1946 treaty.
3236:…formålet med anneksjonen var å legge under seg det landet som til nå ligger herreløst og som ingen andre enn nordmenn har kartlagt og gransket. Norske myndigheter har derfor ikke motsatt seg at noen tolker det norske kravet slik at det går helt opp til og inkluderer polpunktet.
283:
of the archipelago. The signatories were given equal rights to engage in commercial activities (mainly coal mining) on the islands. As of 2012, Norway and Russia are making use of this right. Similarly, simplified visa policies are in force for Iran's special economic zones of
1269:(about 1.2 km) long, more than two cannon shots' distance between the British and Spanish guns, was called "the neutral ground" and shown as such on older maps. In 1908, the British built a fence in a portion claimed to be the British half of the neutral territory. Spain
2297:Соглашение между Российской Федерацией и Сирийской Арабской Республикой о размещении авиационной группы Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации на территории Сирийской Арабской Республики (с изменениями на 18 января 2017 года), Международное соглашение от 26 августа 2015 года
2175:
In the context of Commodore Perry's "opening" of Japan in 1853, American naval expedition planners incorporated reference material written by men whose published accounts of Japan were based on first-hand experience. J. W. Spaulding brought with him books by Japanologists
2541:
536:. In major cities like Shanghai and Tianjin, due to the existence of numerous jurisdictions, criminals could commit a crime in one jurisdiction and then easily escape to another. This became a major problem during the Republican period, with the rise of post–Imperial
3573:
is the only major land on Earth not claimed by any country. Until 2015 the interior of the Norwegian Sector, the extent of which had never been officially defined, was considered to be unclaimed. That year, Norway formally laid claim to the area between its
944:
of May 1933 was concluded between China and Japan, establishing a demilitarised zone between Manchukuo and China. In 1937 Japan violated this truce with an invasion of the remainder of China. In 1945, after the fall of the Japanese empire at the end of the
1149:
can place in the Sinai Peninsula. Parts of the peninsula are demilitarised to various degrees, especially within 20–40 kilometres of Israel. Israel also agreed to limit its forces within 3 kilometres of the Egyptian border. The areas are monitored by the
1811:
2531:"The Site is published by Basel–Mulhouse Airport, a Franco-Swiss public enterprise governed by the international convention of 4 July 1949 concerning its construction and operation and the headquarters of which are situated at 68730 Blotzheim, France".
1581:
to peaceful purposes and prohibits their use for testing weapons of any kind, conducting military manoeuvres, or establishing military bases, installations, and fortifications (Article IV). However, the treaty does not prohibit the placement of
1590:, are still potentially allowable. Furthermore, the treaty explicitly allows the use of military personnel and resources to support peaceful uses of space, mirroring the Antarctic Treaty's position on military deployment in that continent.
1556:
crimes in Antarctica are typically subject to the jurisdiction of their country of nationality, the victim's country of nationality (if applicable), or the country administering the base in or expedition during which the crime occurred.
2545:
2382:
In Washington, on July 25, Mr. Thompson and three former Green Berets were given travel documents, $ 1,000 in cash, airplane tickets to Zurich via New York, and a description of a man who would meet them at the Zurich airport.
787:
for powers to agree on the demilitarisation of a zone without formally settling their respective territorial claims, enabling the dispute to be resolved by peaceful means such as diplomatic dialogue or an international court.
3376:
1273:
British sovereignty over the isthmus (including the border), asserting it is Spanish soil. Although both the United Kingdom and Spain used to be part of the European Union (before the United Kingdom's exit), the border was a
718:
for eligible travellers. Meanwhile, transiting at a Canadian airport for nationals of countries other than Canada or the United States generally requires a visa or Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) except for individuals
1842:
2165:
Ken Vos – The article "Dejima als venster en doorgeefluik" in the catalogue (Brussels, 5 October 1989 – 16 December 1989) of the exhibition Europalia 1989 : "Oranda : De Nederlanden in Japan (1600–1868)"
701:
Within international airports, transit passengers can usually take connecting international flights in the international zone without clearing customs and immigration controls, and in most cases do not require a
599:. These had jurisdiction over the concession areas, which formally remained under Qing sovereignty. Initially, Chinese people who committed crimes in, say, the British zone, were remanded to Chinese authorities.
3011:
458:, it was Japan's only point of interaction with the outside world. Border controls limited passage of foreign merchants from Dejima to Nagasaki and of Japanese from Nagasaki to Dejima. Similarly, the island of
3247:
Jennifer Frakes, The Common Heritage of Mankind Principle and the Deep Seabed, Outer Space, and Antarctica: Will Developed and Developing Nations Reach a Compromise? Wisconsin International Law Journal. 2003;
567:
in 1917, and the Germans were expelled in 1914. The three main treaty powers, the British, the Americans, and the French continued to hold their concessions and extraterritorial jurisdictions until the
3587:
West Berliners could transfer between the S-Bahn, U-Bahn and long-distance trains to the West without passing through East German border control. The station featured an East German government-run
232:
A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which the business and trade laws are different from the rest of the jurisdiction within which it is located. SEZs are generally established to increase
1764:
767:
A demilitarised zone is an area in which treaties or agreements between nations, military powers or contending groups forbid military installations, activities or personnel. They often lie along
362:
of five judges, respectively appointed by the Belgian, British, Spanish, French, and Italian governments. As a result of the creation of the Mixed Court, the various European powers withdrew the
1830:
1270:
1799:
1435:
and Turkish forces. The DMZ collapsed in October 2019, after Turkey dismissed the agreement and the United States ordered a withdrawal of US forces from northern Syria, allowing the
358:
consisting of the Consuls of Belgium, France, Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. Executive power was vested in an Administrator, and judicial power resided in a
244:
will typically allow for goods manufactured for export to be exempt from excise tax and for capital goods and raw materials to be exempt from customs duties upon import, while a
3258:
Frakes, Jennifer (2003). "The Common Heritage of Mankind Principle and the Deep Seabed, Outer Space, and Antarctica: Will Developed and Developing Nations Reach a Compromise?".
2775:
2617:
3134:
1496:
1410:
305:
2496:
1523:
1083:. Perimeter fences around both cities have been constructed by Spanish and Moroccan authorities, creating a demilitarised zone between the Spanish and Moroccan fences.
584:
in 1943. The international communities that were residues of the treaty port era ended in the late 1940s when the communists took over and nearly all foreigners left.
1864:, showing its two administrative zones, one of which was later absorbed by each of its two neighbours (Slovenia and Croatia were both part of Yugoslavia at the time).
3067:
1870:
1436:
572:. This ended when the Japanese stormed into their concessions in late 1941. They formally relinquished their treaty rights in a new "equal treaties" agreement with
188:
2152:
1634:, Poland) and nearly 200 surrounding towns and villages that had a predominantly German population. It was created on 15 November 1920 in accordance with the 1919
2967:
2114:"Final Declaration of the International Conference in Tangier and annexed Protocol. Signed at Tangier, on 29 October 1956 [1957] UNTSer 130; 263 UNTS 165"
1215:
1211:
1187:
1128:
658:
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were originally established as concessions administered by the foreign powers who funded their construction. Between 1859 and 1956, the British and French owned
563:. The system effectively ended when Japan took control of most of the ports in the late 1930s, The Russians relinquished their treaty rights in the wake of the
587:
Within the concessions in China, the occupying foreign powers administered distinct legal systems. The two main courts judging extraterritorial cases were the
3003:
3512:, states that the tomb "shall remain, with its appurtenances, the property of Turkey, who may appoint guardians for it and may hoist the Turkish flag there".
1695:
1195:
1175:
1024:
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all sides agreed and encouraged Egypt to send large amounts of military forces into the area, including tanks and helicopters, to fight Islamist groups.
3533:(West Sea) via the Han River. However, both Koreas and the UNC failed to make this happen. The South Korean government ordered the construction of the
846:
As a result of the partition of the Korean peninsula by the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II, and exacerbated by the subsequent
1001:
Demilitarised zones are common in Europe and the Middle East, especially in areas with territorial disputes in the aftermath of military conflicts.
335:
which enables otherwise inadmissible foreign officials to enter the United States, provided they remain within the vicinity of the UN headquarters.
1577:
object; by extension, a state is also liable for damages caused by its space object. Additionally, the treaty limits the use of the Moon and other
1201:
540:
and the collapse of central authority in the 1920s and the 1930s. Crime often flourished, especially organised crime by different warlord groups.
3082:
1572:
Outer space is generally regarded as an international zone insofar as it falls outside the national jurisdiction of any state. Article II of the
1471: – A 15 km demilitarised zone, created by agreement between Russian and Turkish government, splitting the last major stronghold of the
1468:
2452:
559:
prior to its annexation of the Korean peninsula. The treaty port system in China lasted approximately one hundred years beginning with the 1841
3219:
1531:
1278:
international frontier with customs and immigration checks; Spain does not formally recognise it as a "frontier", referring to it as a "fence".
408:
established the area surrounding the tomb as a Turkish concession. The tomb was moved in 1973 as the site was to be flooded by the creation of
2510:
1745:
1338:. The zone was partitioned in 1981 but the treaty was not filed with the United Nations. The zone was finally officially abolished during the
3614:
3469:
3415:
2435:
2322:
1877:
2471:
279:
but subjects it to certain stipulations and consequently not all Norwegian law applies, including border controls. The treaty regulates the
1012:
803:
799:
3625:
2590:
1462:
738:
416:. The Syrian government denounced the move as incompatible with the 1921 treaty; Turkey plans to move the tomb back to the second site.
181:
2779:
315:
2644:
918:
735:
with US$ 1.85 billion in 2016. Dubai International Airport is second, recording transactions worth $ 1.82 billion in 2016.
529:
3509:
3442:
1947:
1301:
1151:
510:
347:
237:
79:
57:
2860:
1673:
248:
will typically exempt a designated area from all or most customs regulations. The most extreme category of SEZ is a freeport (e.g.
3295:
882:
are allowed within this neutral zone. In recent years, Chinese fishing vessels have taken advantage of the tense situation in the
3662:
2946:
2885:
2621:
1772:
327:
3565:
claimed by one or more countries, but most countries do not explicitly recognise those claims. The area on the mainland between
3144:
2203:
William C. Johnstone, "International Relations: The Status of Foreign Concessions and Settlements in the Treaty Ports of China"
3667:
2733:
1768:
1205:
1116:
1102:
592:
350:, the government and administration of the zone was in the hands of a number of foreign powers. The Zone had its own appointed
323:
319:
1345:
794:
because their land is unsafe for construction or less exposed to human disturbances (including hunting). Examples include the
3672:
2745:
2241:
910:
577:
174:
126:
1775:
to accommodate an ethnically and culturally mixed population in a neutral environment free from the rule of either Italy or
1142:
1740:
by the international community. The idea of an international zone in Jerusalem, encompassing at least the highly sensitive
366:
that previously exercised jurisdiction there. The Zone had a reputation for tolerance, diversity of culture, religion, and
3552:
1262:
958:
831:
807:
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frontiers or boundaries between two or more military powers or alliances. Demilitarised zones should not be confused with
596:
1963:
1311:
642:
3389:
3107:
2006:
1703:
1254:
1179:
682:
351:
152:
2978:
2568:
3309:"Legality of the Deployment of Conventional Weapons in Earth Orbit: Balancing Space Law and the Law of Armed Conflict"
1594:
1223:
1178: – The United Nations Security Council approved the creation of a demilitarised zone in a portion of the Israeli-
1992:
633:
the Panama Canal from 1903 to 1999. Concessionary administration of the Suez Canal was ended when Egyptian President
3652:
3522:
3016:
1561:
1492:
1416:
514:
339:
1713:
1367:
1861:
1752:
1403:
1375:
1327:
1036:
867:
851:
795:
668:
564:
518:
233:
2815:
240:. Depending on its purpose, an SEZ typically has less strict border control policies with regard to customs. An
2734:"Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 15 June 1962 in the Case concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear (
1090:
970:
899:
522:
50:
44:
2936:
1805:
Flags of United Nations member states flying outside the United Nations Headquarters complex in New York City.
1420:
1112:
878:
in the Korean Peninsula is deemed a "Neutral Zone" and is officially off-limits to all civilian vessels. Only
310:
A concession is a territory within a state over which another state has been granted jurisdiction. During the
1817:
1658:
1549:
1543:
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506:
405:
268:
111:
3042:
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1647:
1315:
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891:
355:
241:
61:
3377:"Egypt is building a new walled buffer zone more than 2 miles wide on Gaza border, satellite images show"
2345:
his movements. Several United States marshals shadowed Mr. Wilson on his 24-hour stopover at the airport.
2671:
1741:
779:, which are areas lying along a border established unilaterally by a state for border control purposes.
732:
720:
672:
390:
245:
219:
1409:
Norway and Sweden established a demilitarised zone of 1 km on each side of their border after the
993:. The Vietnamese demilitarised zone was abolished following the reunification of the country in 1976.
1821:
1709:
1635:
1583:
1353:
1285:
1064:
588:
425:
210:
International zones may also maintain distinct visa policies from the rest of the surrounding state.
121:
3555:, where the majority of peacekeepers are based and where talks between the two governments are held.
1402:
Israel and Syria: Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, three demilitarised zone were created by the
3570:
2968:"Extracts relating to Article 98 of the Charter of the United Nations: Supplement No 5 (1970–1978)"
2518:
2181:
1897:
1848:
United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, showing the city of Jerusalem as an international zone
1737:
1615:
1587:
1578:
1507:
established that the island would remain under Argentinean sovereignty but could only be used as a
1227:
1046:
978:
914:
664:
501:, and colonial administrations attempted to give their concessions "homeland" qualities. Churches,
314:, concessions were frequently granted to colonial or imperial powers. Notably, the United Nations'
260:), in which goods stored or transhipped are treated as never having entered the host jurisdiction.
249:
206:
97:
2113:
3566:
2941:
2490:
2253:
2177:
2045:
2018:
1901:
1573:
1454:
1442:
1060:
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navies never patrolling this area due to the fear of naval battles breaking out. This has led to
762:
634:
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612:
280:
253:
227:
162:
116:
3196:
1527:
342:
was a 373 square kilometre concession administered by several countries in the Moroccan city of
3529:
was supposed to be permissible in the Han River estuary and allow Seoul to be connected to the
1593:
While most satellites and space stations are administered by the state that deployed them, the
3610:
3526:
3465:
3438:
3411:
3401:
3061:
2431:
2399:
2318:
2312:
2127:
2095:
1943:
1619:
1472:
1349:
1319:
1135:. Although the demilitarised zone is no longer mandated by the council, it continues to exist.
1050:
903:
883:
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791:
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677:
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law, and some of these laws applied to the Chinese residents. Notable Concessions include the
497:, and travel. They developed their own sub-cultures, isolated and distinct from the intrinsic
483:
479:
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2425:
3320:
3168:
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2040:
2010:
1515:
1480:
1428:
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1106:
1032:
569:
467:
413:
3657:
3575:
3139:
2648:
1997:
1784:
1643:
1323:
1293:
1138:
1020:
990:
879:
573:
556:
498:
293:
272:
257:
223:
2153:"Süleyman Shah's tomb will return to original location as 'Turkish land,' Deputy PM says"
1054:
1783:
given to its two neighbours in 1954 and this was formalised much later by the bilateral
2185:
1721:
1717:
1508:
1331:
1191:
1028:
776:
750:
727:
694:
548:
394:
363:
136:
17:
2542:"Schweizerisch-Französischer Staatsvertrag vom 4. Juli 1949 (Höflichkeitsübersetzung)"
2385:
We were told to stay in the international zone and not to go through customs in Zurich
1419: – A 115 km demilitarised zone in northern Syria straddling portions of the
1057:, mandates that the Finnish government maintain the territory as a demilitarised area.
382:
to discuss the Zone's future, agreeing to abolish it. Tangier joined with the rest of
3646:
3390:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/02/15/israel-hamas-war-news-gaza-palestine/
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1183:
966:
962:
839:
835:
815:
811:
726:
A common feature of sterile zones at airports and occasionally land and sea borders,
552:
371:
2750:
1691:. The station also served as a border crossing between West Berlin and East Germany.
1342:, when Iraq and Saudi Arabia cancelled all international agreements with each other.
3591:, which sold duty-free and high-quality items at lower prices compared to the West.
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1387:
1371:
1335:
1305:
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950:
941:
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502:
490:
475:
463:
447:
433:
289:
3182:
Wright, Minturn, "The Ownership of Antarctica, Its Living and Mineral Resources",
3083:"Turkey launches assault on Kurdish fighters in Syria, after US forces step aside"
1093:
peacekeeping mission monitors a demilitarised security zone roughly outlining the
3485:
3459:
3432:
3405:
2690:
2544:(in German). EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg. 1 November 2006. Archived from
547:, port cities in China and Japan that were opened to foreign trade mainly by the
1729:
1688:
1677:
1639:
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954:
946:
863:
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537:
486:, resulting in the area being administered as a British trading hub until 1997.
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1939:
The law of the United Nations: a critical analysis of its fundamental problems
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450:, it was later ceded to Dutch administration between 1641 and 1854. Under the
409:
375:
2099:
2061:
3588:
3534:
2903:
2576:
1699:
1500:
1281:
1258:
974:
937:
933:
581:
560:
275:, which recognises the sovereignty of Norway over the Arctic archipelago of
2364:
airports. He made several calls to bankers while in Switzerland, they said.
1629:
1234:
723:
who qualify for the China Transit Program or Transit Without Visa Program.
641:
while American administration of the Panama Canal ended as a result of the
374:
men from Western countries. Many of the latter were able to live an openly
3325:
3308:
913:
had ordered the creation of a "provisional demilitarised zone" around the
2908:
2295:
2232:
Helmick, Milton J. (12 September 1945). "United States Court for China".
1669:
1665:
was governed in rotation by American, British, French, and Soviet troops.
1611:
announced the construction of a buffer zone around the Egypt-Gaza border.
1519:
1339:
1132:
1094:
1042:
926:
922:
742:
711:
645:
in which the United States voluntarily renounced its concession over the
443:
412:, and in 2015 it was relocated unilaterally by Turkey in response to the
332:
276:
264:
2022:
442:
was a Portuguese and, later, Dutch concession near the Japanese city of
3551:
The peacekeeping force currently has its headquarters at the abandoned
2257:
2208:
1779:, which made competing claims on the territory. The Free Territory was
1760:
1504:
1219:
1098:
1080:
1076:
1027:
The buffer zone was established in 1974 due to ethnic tensions between
397:
383:
343:
2427:
How Safe are Our Skies?: Assessing the Airlines' Response to Terrorism
1914:
2014:
1824:
administered by multiple foreign powers during the late Qing Dynasty.
1725:
1450:
1446:
1432:
1394:
1357:
1124:
1016:
451:
439:
429:
3135:"Turkey, Russia agree on demilitarized zone in Syria's Idlib region"
2672:"S. Korea shares nautical charts of Han River estuary with N. Korea"
2376:"Team Of Ex-Green Berets Trained Terrorists For Libyan Government".
2249:
1771:. The area was established on 10 February 1947 by a protocol of the
3108:"Ground Safety Zone (GSZ): Time out for rebel strong hold – Serbia"
3043:"US and Turkey reach accord, but concerns of Syrian Kurds continue"
3012:
Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs
1586:
in orbit, and thus some highly destructive attack tactics, such as
1226:
in 1978, to restore international peace and security, and help the
886:
Estuary Neutral Zone and illegally fished in this area due to both
3538:
2192:
Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822
1608:
1476:
1266:
1233:
1165:
1161:
1146:
1072:
981:
but, in reality, extended about 1.5 km on either side of the
953:, Manchuria was re-incorporated into China. Similarly, during the
746:
459:
401:
379:
3273:
2937:"Sudan, South Sudan agree to pull troops from demilitarized zone"
595:. Similar courts were established for treaty countries, e.g. the
2835:"Egypt deployed troops in Sinai without Israel's prior approval"
2357:"Fugitive Former Spy; Lured Out Of Libya, Arrested At Kennedy".
1424:
1423:. It was established between Turkey and the United States, both
1120:
986:
2776:"Camp David Accords – Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs"
1836:
The four sectors of occupation in Vienna between 1945 and 1955.
826:
528:
The foreign concessions in China continued to exist during the
2913:
2802:
Canadian Contingent Multinational Force and Observers Handbook
513:
administered by the United Kingdom and the United States, the
29:
2886:"Israel approves Egypt's request to increase forces in Sinai"
2691:"Koreas to open Han River estuary to civilian ships in April"
1820:
in Shanghai, within the Shanghai International Settlement, a
1071:
demilitarised zone exists between the Spanish territories of
790:
Several demilitarised zones have also unintentionally become
753:
in Switzerland has similar facilities for French travellers.
1413:
in 1905. The zone was abolished by mutual agreement in 1993.
1348:– The Uqair Protocol established a neutral zone between the
378:
life in the Zone. In July 1952 the protecting powers met at
2338:"Former Colleague Aided U.S. In Trapping Ex-C.I.A. Agent".
1204: – Created by the United Nations with the adoption of
969:. The zone was established in July 1954 as a result of the
629:
operated the Suez Canal while the United States government
741:, an airport located in France 20 kilometres southeast of
663:
Overseas military bases such as the American-administered
3220:"Norge utvider Dronning Maud Land helt frem til Sydpolen"
1661:
between 1945 and 1955, a small international zone in the
2904:"Sudan agrees demilitarised zone for north-south border"
1708:. This was never implemented; the city was the scene of
1360:
in 1922. It was partitioned by mutual agreement in 1970.
555:, as well as cities in Korea opened up similarly by the
3488:, diplomsko delo, Univerza v Ljubljani, Ljubljana, 2005
2861:"Int'l force in Sinai quiet amid concern of violations"
1288:
designated the Rhineland as a demilitarised zone after
386:
following the restoration of full sovereignty in 1956.
3624:
Department of State, United States of America (1998).
2618:"South Korea to Respond to Illegal Fishing with Force"
2470:
Reporter, Cleofe Maceda, Senior Web (5 January 2017).
1119:
approved the creation of a demilitarised zone between
370:. It became a tourist hotspot for literary giants and
346:
and its environs between 1923 and 1956. Much like the
2472:"Dubai Duty Free sales drop on currency fluctuations"
2453:"Incheon Airport duty free sales hit US$ 2bn in 2016"
1746:
proposals to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
977:
and France. The DMZ in Vietnam officially lay at the
446:. Established to house Portuguese traders during the
898:
and sinkings of boats between Chinese fishermen and
3363:
3351:
3339:
2977:. United Nations. pp. 275–279. Archived from
2086:Bond, Gwenda (2007). "Seriously Gay and Lesbian".
1461:that existed between 1999 and 2001. Following the
1411:dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden
1164: – A 10 km demilitarised zone along the
1049:, which was concluded following a decision of the
3296:Wikisource:Outer Space Treaty of 1967#Article VII
2062:"How Morocco was once a haven for gay Westerners"
1915:"Welcome to the United Nations Office at Vienna!"
1469:Idlib demilitarisation agreement zone (2018–2019)
1101:and the unrecognized Transnistria created by the
1039:separating the Republic of Korea and North Korea.
306:Concessions and leases in international relations
3486:"Slovenska zahodna meja po drugi svetovni vojni"
2709:"[Reportage] the DMZ that's not on land"
1253:A neutral territory was established between the
1176:United Nations Disengagement Observer Force Zone
936:, when they administered as the puppet state of
480:the island of Hong Kong and the surrounding area
1986:
1984:
1518:Demilitarised zone was established in southern
1445: – A 5 km demilitarised area between
1437:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
1023:is a demilitarised border zone operated by the
470:between 1557 and 1999. In the aftermath of the
2975:Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs
2816:"Israel OKs Egypt attack helicopters in Sinai"
2430:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 90–91.
659:List of countries with overseas military bases
2607:Article 1, Section 5. Retrieved 11 March 2017
2036:Morocco (Tangier Zone) Order in Council, 1925
1318:established a demilitarised zone between the
1035:. The green line is similar in nature to the
182:
8:
2804:(unclassified), page A-1. DND, Ottawa, 1986.
2495:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1627:
1230:restore its effective authority in the area.
3066:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2935:Ahmed, Amir; Botelho, Greg (9 March 2013).
1696:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
1465:, Serbian forces were allowed to enter GSZ.
1196:United Nations Disengagement Observer Force
1025:United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus
1942:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 350.
1716:which culminated in its partition between
1526:that involved the Government of President
1386:The Israeli enclave and Jordanian area on
810:which divided Vietnam into two countries (
189:
175:
93:
3324:
1687:trains despite being located entirely in
1522:between 1999 and 2002, during the failed
543:The majority of concessions in Asia were
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
2400:"Visa to pass through the UK in transit"
1702:was supposed to become an international
825:
782:Many demilitarised zones are considered
354:, which was subject to supervision by a
238:facilitate export-oriented manufacturing
43:This article includes a list of general
3501:
3276:Outer Space Treaty of 1967#Article VIII
2317:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 511–.
1890:
1795:
1483:. The zone was never fully implemented.
1334:. Nejd was later incorporated into the
1308:in violation of international treaties.
1202:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
721:proceeding to or from the United States
144:
103:
96:
3508:The treaty, ratified by France, which
3218:Rapp, Ole Magnus (21 September 2015).
3059:
2488:
2282:
2270:
2219:
1876:Duty Free Shop in the sterile zone of
1532:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
404:since the Empire's collapse. The 1921
3410:(in German). C.H. Beck. p. 189.
3313:European Journal of International Law
3307:Bourbonniere, M.; Lee, R. J. (2007).
2060:Hamilton, Richard (12 October 2014).
1878:Pyongyang Sunan International Airport
1755:was an international zone around the
1218:, to confirm Israeli withdrawal from
1145:sets a limit to the amount of forces
681:establishing Cyprus independence) as
7:
3437:(in German). LIT Verlag. p. 8.
3407:Danzig – Biographie einer Stadt
3081:Pitarakis, Lefteris; Mroue, Bassem.
2451:Charlotte Turner (16 January 2017).
2128:"Franco-Turkish agreement of Ankara"
906:indefinitely postponed these plans.
874:Similarly, the whole estuary of the
818:) from 21 July 1954 to 2 July 1976.
671:in Cuba or the British-administered
637:nationalised the company during the
393:, grandfather of the founder of the
3260:Wisconsin International Law Journal
2833:Issacharoff, Avi (16 August 2012).
2645:"Han River crackdown – FiskerForum"
739:EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg
3434:Das Bistum Danzig in Lebensbildern
3184:Journal of Law and the Environment
2049:. 26 May 1925. pp. 3547–3548.
1732:, East Jerusalem was captured and
932:During the Japanese occupation of
352:International Legislative Assembly
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3133:Heintz, Jim (17 September 2018).
2205:American Political Science Review
1152:Multinational Force and Observers
631:administered the area surrounding
511:Shanghai International Settlement
348:Shanghai International Settlement
2947:Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.
1869:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1810:
1798:
1622:protectorate that contained the
1463:Insurgency in the Preševo Valley
745:and 3.5 kilometres northwest of
468:administered it as a trading hub
34:
2859:Keinon, Herb (21 August 2012).
1991:Stuart, Graham H. (July 1945).
1769:United Nations Security Council
1744:, continues to feature in many
1642:, which excluded the area from
1497:Rio de la Plata Boundary Treaty
1261:and Spain after the end of the
1194:. The zone is monitored by the
1117:United Nations Security Council
689:Sterile zones at ports of entry
593:British Supreme Court for China
474:, the Ming Dynasty's successor
400:, has been located in northern
2814:Keinon, Herb (9 August 2012).
2749:. 18 July 2011. Archived from
2746:International Court of Justice
2647:. 13 June 2016. Archived from
2242:Institute of Pacific Relations
1734:unilaterally annexed by Israel
1302:re-occupied and re-militarised
911:International Court of Justice
462:was ceded by China during the
127:International Seabed Authority
27:Type of extra-territorial zone
1:
3553:Nicosia International Airport
832:Vietnamese Demilitarised Zone
808:Vietnamese Demilitarised Zone
597:United States Court for China
515:French Concession in Shanghai
316:headquarters in New York City
3542:passenger ships in its port.
3226:(in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway
2007:Council on Foreign Relations
1370:, a demilitarised zone (the
153:Extraterrestrial real estate
3521:According to the July 1953
3458:Kaczorowska, Alina (2010).
3199:. Norwegian Polar Institute
2511:"General conditions of use"
2314:Russia's Middle East Policy
1659:allied occupation of Vienna
1595:International Space Station
1479:controlled area amidst the
1431:to prevent clashes between
973:ending the war between the
454:policy in force during the
3689:
3523:Korean Armistice Agreement
3464:. Routledge. p. 199.
1898:Immigrants warmly welcomed
1787:of 1975, ratified in 1977.
1773:Treaty of Peace with Italy
1562:common heritage of mankind
1541:
1417:Northern Syria Buffer Zone
1346:Saudi–Kuwaiti neutral zone
1326:, which at the time was a
1255:British Overseas Territory
997:Europe and the Middle East
985:and west to east from the
800:Cypriot Demilitarised Zone
760:
656:
606:
423:
340:Tangier International Zone
303:
217:
3431:Samerski, Stefan (2003).
1862:Free Territory of Trieste
1753:Free Territory of Trieste
1406:between Israel and Syria.
1404:1949 Armistice Agreements
1378:between Israel and Egypt.
1376:1949 Armistice Agreements
1328:League of Nations mandate
1143:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
796:Korean Demilitarised Zone
519:Kwantung Leased Territory
482:to the British under the
234:foreign direct investment
3461:Public International Law
3364:Department of State 1998
3352:Department of State 1998
3340:Department of State 1998
2311:Alexey Vasiliev (2018).
2296:
2207:(1937) 31#5 pp. 942–948
1390:was designated as a DMZ.
1312:Saudi–Iraqi neutral zone
1091:Joint Control Commission
1047:Åland Convention of 1921
900:South Korean Coast Guard
643:Torrijos–Carter Treaties
523:Beijing Legation Quarter
3663:International relations
3609:. New York: Oxford UP.
3510:ruled Syria at the time
2800:10 Tactical Air Group:
2689:송상호 (30 January 2019).
2661:Retrieved 11 March 2017
2634:Retrieved 11 March 2017
2133:(in French and English)
1993:"The Future of Tangier"
1674:Friedrichstraße station
1544:Antarctic Treaty System
1336:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
653:Overseas military bases
466:to the Portuguese, who
271:under the terms of the
269:entirely visa-free zone
112:Antarctic Treaty System
64:more precise citations.
18:International territory
3668:Concession territories
2424:Rodney Wallis (2003).
1663:historical city centre
1650:. The Free City had a
1648:Second Polish Republic
1628:
1453:was created under the
1316:Uqair Protocol of 1922
1265:. A strip of land 600
1243:
1238:Historical map of the
843:
693:The sterile zone at a
603:Suez and Panama canals
578:Nationalist Government
242:export processing zone
214:Special economic zones
3673:Enclaves and exclaves
3087:www.timesofisrael.com
2591:"FindLaw Legal Blogs"
1936:Kelsen, Hans (2000).
1765:direct responsibility
1736:, in a move that has
1618:was an international
1374:) was created by the
1368:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1237:
1228:Government of Lebanon
829:
761:Further information:
733:Seoul Incheon Airport
683:an overseas territory
673:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
657:Further information:
391:Tomb of Suleyman Shah
304:Further information:
246:bonded logistics park
220:Special economic zone
218:Further information:
98:Extraterritorialities
3605:Cassel, Pär (2012).
3197:"Dronning Maud Land"
2736:Cambodia v. Thailand
2548:on 24 September 2015
2387:, Mr. Thompson said.
2190:Screech, T. (2006).
1636:Treaty of Versailles
1626:port of Danzig (now
1584:conventional weapons
1511:of flora and fauna.
1493:Martin García Island
1393:The area around the
1354:British protectorate
1330:administered by the
1286:Treaty of Versailles
1065:Melilla border fence
947:Asia-Pacific theatre
710:requires at least a
589:Shanghai Mixed Court
551:forced upon them by
426:Concessions in China
356:Committee of Control
122:International waters
3607:Grounds of Judgment
3578:and the South Pole.
3537:to finally connect
3379:. 16 February 2024.
3326:10.1093/ejil/chm051
3262:(21 ed.): 409.
3022:on 15 February 2006
2782:on 3 September 2011
2569:"DMZ – Terminology"
2182:Carl Peter Thunberg
1738:not been recognised
1616:Free City of Danzig
1588:kinetic bombardment
1427:allies, during the
1421:Syria–Turkey border
1383:Israel and Jordan:
1296:from deploying its
1113:Kuwait–Iraq barrier
1103:ceasefire agreement
1053:in response to the
915:Preah Vihear Temple
854:(DMZ) spanning the
757:Demilitarised zones
665:Pituffik Space Base
438:The island port of
250:Luxembourg Freeport
3402:Loew, Peter Oliver
2984:on 19 October 2013
2942:Cable News Network
2756:on 17 October 2013
2713:english.hani.co.kr
2695:Yonhap News Agency
2678:. 31 January 2019.
2378:The New York Times
2361:. 26 August 1981.
2359:The New York Times
2340:The New York Times
2234:Far Eastern Survey
2178:Engelbert Kaempfer
2046:The London Gazette
1574:Outer Space Treaty
1455:Kumanovo Agreement
1443:Ground Safety Zone
1363:Israel and Egypt:
1292:, prohibiting the
1271:does not recognise
1244:
1180:occupied territory
1061:Ceuta border fence
959:demilitarised zone
852:Demilitarised Zone
844:
806:), and the former
792:wildlife preserves
763:Demilitarized zone
635:Gamal Abdel Nasser
627:Suez Canal Company
613:Suez Canal Company
565:Russian revolution
312:Age of Imperialism
254:Singapore Freeport
228:Free economic zone
203:international zone
163:Outer Space Treaty
132:International zone
117:Diplomatic mission
3653:International law
3616:978-0-19-979205-4
3471:978-0-203-84847-0
3417:978-3-406-60587-1
3147:on 8 October 2018
2437:978-0-275-97847-1
2324:978-1-351-34886-7
2088:Publishers Weekly
1620:League of Nations
1477:Syrian government
1350:Sultanate of Nejd
1320:Sultanate of Nejd
1222:which Israel had
1154:. Because of the
1051:League of Nations
971:Geneva Conference
904:2019 Hanoi Summit
784:neutral territory
678:Khmeimim Air Base
667:in Greenland and
647:Panama Canal Zone
609:Panama Canal Zone
534:Republic of China
484:Treaty of Nanjing
292:islands, and for
207:not fully subject
199:
198:
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
3680:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3630:
3620:
3592:
3585:
3579:
3571:150 degrees west
3562:
3556:
3549:
3543:
3519:
3513:
3506:
3489:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3398:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3304:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3255:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3193:
3187:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3169:Antarctic Treaty
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3143:. Archived from
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3065:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3021:
3015:. Archived from
3008:
3004:"Palestine Maps"
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2972:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2811:
2805:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2778:. Archived from
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2742:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2651:on 12 March 2017
2641:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2624:on 12 March 2017
2620:. Archived from
2614:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2593:. Archived from
2587:
2581:
2580:
2579:on 5 March 2016.
2575:. Archived from
2567:Panmunjom tour.
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2521:on 28 March 2013
2517:. Archived from
2507:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2380:. 27 June 1982.
2373:
2367:
2366:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2342:. 16 June 1982.
2335:
2329:
2328:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2201:
2195:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2015:10.2307/20029932
1988:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1968:travel.state.gov
1960:
1954:
1953:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1917:. United Nations
1911:
1905:
1895:
1873:
1857:
1845:
1833:
1814:
1802:
1705:corpus separatum
1633:
1579:celestial bodies
1550:Antarctic Treaty
1499:of 1973 between
1481:Syrian Civil War
1429:Syrian Civil War
1340:Persian Gulf War
1206:Security Council
1156:Sinai insurgency
1133:Persian Gulf War
1107:Transnistria War
1033:Turkish Cypriots
917:whose ownership
880:military vessels
712:C-1 transit visa
570:Second World War
549:unequal treaties
489:During the late
414:Syrian civil war
406:Treaty of Ankara
281:demilitarisation
191:
184:
177:
94:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3643:
3642:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3604:
3601:
3596:
3595:
3586:
3582:
3576:Queen Maud Land
3567:90 degrees west
3563:
3559:
3550:
3546:
3520:
3516:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3484:Drašček, Nuša.
3483:
3479:
3472:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3418:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3388:
3384:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3362:
3358:
3350:
3346:
3338:
3334:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3290:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3242:
3229:
3227:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3181:
3177:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3140:Chicago Tribune
3132:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3058:
3051:
3049:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2892:. 15 July 2013.
2884:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2857:
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2843:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2740:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2676:English Edition
2670:
2669:
2665:
2654:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2627:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2600:
2598:
2597:on 5 March 2014
2589:
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2566:
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2561:
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2549:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2524:
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2509:
2508:
2504:
2487:
2480:
2478:
2469:
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2450:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2265:
2250:10.2307/3021415
2231:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2202:
2198:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2155:. 2 April 2018.
2151:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2039:
2034:
2030:
1998:Foreign Affairs
1990:
1989:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1874:
1865:
1858:
1849:
1846:
1837:
1834:
1825:
1815:
1806:
1803:
1794:
1785:Treaty of Osimo
1710:fierce fighting
1694:Under the 1947
1604:
1570:
1546:
1540:
1528:Andrés Pastrana
1509:natural reserve
1490:
1324:Kingdom of Iraq
1294:Weimar Republic
1139:Sinai Peninsula
1021:Northern Cyprus
1017:Southern Cyprus
999:
991:South China Sea
858:border between
824:
765:
759:
728:duty-free shops
691:
661:
655:
615:
607:Main articles:
605:
574:Chiang Kai-shek
557:Japanese Empire
530:mainland period
499:Chinese culture
436:
424:Main articles:
422:
364:consular courts
318:and offices in
308:
302:
294:Iraqi Kurdistan
273:Svalbard Treaty
258:Geneva Freeport
230:
224:Free-trade zone
216:
195:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3686:
3684:
3676:
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3670:
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3660:
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3644:
3641:
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3615:
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3597:
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3544:
3514:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3477:
3470:
3450:
3443:
3423:
3416:
3393:
3382:
3368:
3356:
3344:
3332:
3299:
3288:
3265:
3250:
3240:
3210:
3188:
3175:
3158:
3125:
3099:
3073:
3033:
2995:
2959:
2927:
2895:
2890:Jerusalem Post
2877:
2865:Jerusalem Post
2851:
2825:
2820:Jerusalem Post
2806:
2793:
2767:
2725:
2700:
2681:
2663:
2636:
2609:
2582:
2559:
2533:
2502:
2462:
2443:
2436:
2416:
2391:
2368:
2349:
2330:
2323:
2303:
2287:
2275:
2263:
2224:
2212:
2196:
2186:Isaac Titsingh
2167:
2158:
2144:
2119:
2105:
2078:
2052:
2028:
1980:
1964:"Transit Visa"
1955:
1948:
1928:
1906:
1904:, 4 July 2006.
1889:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1868:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1828:
1826:
1816:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1749:
1722:East Jerusalem
1718:West Jerusalem
1698:, the city of
1692:
1676:was served by
1666:
1655:
1644:Weimar Germany
1612:
1603:
1602:Other examples
1600:
1569:
1566:
1542:Main article:
1539:
1536:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1466:
1457:following the
1440:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1366:Following the
1361:
1343:
1332:British Empire
1309:
1300:there. It was
1279:
1232:
1231:
1199:
1192:Yom Kippur War
1188:Resolution 350
1173:
1159:
1136:
1129:Resolution 689
1110:
1084:
1058:
1040:
998:
995:
989:border to the
957:, there was a
823:
820:
804:The Green Line
758:
755:
751:Geneva Airport
690:
687:
669:Guantanamo Bay
654:
651:
604:
601:
553:Western powers
421:
418:
395:Ottoman Empire
301:
298:
215:
212:
197:
196:
194:
193:
186:
179:
171:
168:
167:
166:
165:
160:
155:
147:
146:
142:
141:
140:
139:
137:United Nations
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
106:
105:
101:
100:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3685:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3495:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3454:
3451:
3446:
3444:3-8258-6284-4
3440:
3436:
3435:
3427:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3366:, Article 22.
3365:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3345:
3342:, Article 10.
3341:
3336:
3333:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3277:
3269:
3266:
3261:
3254:
3251:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3211:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3162:
3159:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3129:
3126:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3048:
3044:
3041:Kurdistan24.
3037:
3034:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2931:
2928:
2916:. 31 May 2011
2915:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2852:
2840:
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2829:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2739:
2737:
2729:
2726:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2682:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2560:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2420:
2417:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2291:
2288:
2285:, p. 65.
2284:
2279:
2276:
2273:, p. 64.
2272:
2267:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2225:
2222:, p. 63.
2221:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2094:(19): 27–31.
2093:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1949:1-58477-077-5
1945:
1941:
1940:
1932:
1929:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1808:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1720:(Israel) and
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1652:customs union
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:peace process
1521:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1488:South America
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1473:Syrian rebels
1470:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1242:of Gibraltar.
1241:
1236:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:Golan Heights
1181:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:38th parallel
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1002:
996:
994:
992:
988:
984:
983:Bến Hải River
980:
979:17th parallel
976:
972:
968:
967:South Vietnam
964:
963:North Vietnam
960:
956:
952:
948:
943:
939:
935:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
909:In 1962, the
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
850:, there is a
849:
841:
840:South Vietnam
837:
833:
828:
821:
819:
817:
816:South Vietnam
813:
812:North Vietnam
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
788:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
764:
756:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
734:
729:
724:
722:
717:
713:
707:
705:
699:
696:
695:port of entry
688:
686:
684:
679:
674:
670:
666:
660:
652:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:Panama Canals
620:
614:
610:
602:
600:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:public houses
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
435:
431:
427:
419:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
307:
299:
297:
295:
291:
287:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
229:
225:
221:
213:
211:
208:
204:
192:
187:
185:
180:
178:
173:
172:
170:
169:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
149:
148:
143:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
108:
107:
102:
99:
95:
92:
84:
81:
73:
70:November 2021
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
3632:. Retrieved
3606:
3583:
3560:
3547:
3517:
3504:
3480:
3460:
3453:
3433:
3426:
3406:
3396:
3385:
3371:
3359:
3354:, Article 7.
3347:
3335:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3291:
3281:– via
3275:
3268:
3259:
3253:
3243:
3235:
3230:22 September
3228:. Retrieved
3223:
3213:
3203:22 September
3201:. Retrieved
3191:
3183:
3178:
3167:
3161:
3149:. Retrieved
3145:the original
3138:
3128:
3116:. Retrieved
3111:
3102:
3090:. Retrieved
3086:
3076:
3050:. Retrieved
3046:
3036:
3024:. Retrieved
3017:the original
3010:
2998:
2986:. Retrieved
2979:the original
2974:
2962:
2940:
2930:
2918:. Retrieved
2907:
2898:
2889:
2880:
2868:. Retrieved
2864:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2838:
2828:
2819:
2809:
2801:
2796:
2784:. Retrieved
2780:the original
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2751:the original
2744:
2735:
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2712:
2703:
2694:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2653:. Retrieved
2649:the original
2639:
2626:. Retrieved
2622:the original
2612:
2599:. Retrieved
2595:the original
2585:
2577:the original
2572:
2562:
2550:. Retrieved
2546:the original
2536:
2525:24 September
2523:. Retrieved
2519:the original
2514:
2505:
2479:. Retrieved
2475:
2465:
2456:
2446:
2426:
2419:
2407:. Retrieved
2403:
2394:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2313:
2306:
2290:
2278:
2266:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2215:
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2199:
2191:
2174:
2170:
2161:
2147:
2135:. Retrieved
2122:
2108:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2065:
2055:
2044:
2035:
2031:
2002:
1996:
1971:. Retrieved
1967:
1958:
1938:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1909:
1893:
1818:Nanjing Road
1780:
1757:Adriatic Sea
1704:
1654:with Poland.
1646:and the new
1592:
1571:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1513:
1495: – The
1491:
1439:to go ahead.
1372:El Auja Zone
1306:Nazi Germany
1275:
1246:
1245:
1186:in Syria in
1141: – The
1115: – The
1089: – The
1087:Transnistria
1068:
1055:Åland crisis
1045: – The
1005:Contemporary
1004:
1003:
1000:
951:World War II
942:Tanggu Truce
931:
908:
892:South Korean
888:North Korean
873:
855:
845:
789:
781:
777:border zones
772:
768:
766:
737:
725:
708:
700:
692:
662:
616:
586:
580:in exile in
545:treaty ports
542:
527:
488:
476:Qing Dynasty
464:Ming dynasty
448:Nanban trade
437:
434:Treaty ports
388:
337:
309:
262:
231:
205:is any area
202:
200:
131:
91:
76:
67:
48:
3634:13 November
3224:Aftenposten
3114:. June 2001
3047:Kurdistan24
2573:tourdmz.com
2515:EuroAirport
2457:TR Business
2409:30 December
2283:Cassel 2012
2271:Cassel 2012
2244:: 252–255.
2220:Cassel 2012
2071:2 September
2041:"No. 33050"
2009:: 675–679.
1973:11 November
1860:Map of the
1689:East Berlin
1678:West Berlin
1668:During the
1657:During the
1640:World War I
1638:that ended
1568:Outer space
1564:principle.
1304:in 1936 by
1290:World War I
1170:South Sudan
1105:ending the
1015:separating
955:Vietnam War
868:8th US Army
864:South Korea
860:North Korea
834:separating
639:Suez Crisis
538:Warlord era
495:proselytize
368:bohemianism
360:Mixed Court
300:Concessions
158:Moon Treaty
62:introducing
3647:Categories
3531:Yellow Sea
3319:(5): 873.
3283:Wikisource
3166:"art. 1",
3118:14 October
2952:24 October
2950:Retrieved
2920:24 October
2870:29 October
2552:5 November
2481:24 January
1921:24 October
1902:Al Jazeera
1885:References
1822:concession
1777:Yugoslavia
1728:). In the
1624:Baltic Sea
1548:Under the
1538:Antarctica
1459:Kosovo War
1388:Mt. Scopus
1263:1727 siege
1247:Historical
1240:promontory
1209:Resolution
1190:after the
1131:after the
1067: – A
1013:Green Line
919:is claimed
896:firefights
848:Korean War
521:, and the
491:Qing years
472:Opium Wars
456:Edo period
410:Lake Assad
263:Uniquely,
45:references
3589:Intershop
3535:Ara Canal
3186:4 (1987).
3151:9 October
3112:ReliefWeb
3092:9 October
3052:25 August
3026:9 October
2844:24 August
2760:9 October
2491:cite news
2100:0000-0019
1700:Jerusalem
1607:In 2024,
1516:El Caguán
1501:Argentina
1475:from the
1282:Rhineland
1259:Gibraltar
975:Viet Minh
938:Manchukuo
934:Manchuria
884:Han River
876:Han River
731:sales is
582:Chongqing
561:Opium War
3527:shipping
3404:(2011).
3062:cite web
2988:6 August
2909:BBC News
2655:11 March
2628:11 March
2601:14 April
2476:GulfNews
2194:, p. 73.
2137:8 August
2066:BBC News
2023:20029932
1781:de facto
1763:, under
1759:port of
1742:Old City
1730:1967 war
1714:1948 war
1670:Cold War
1534:(FARC).
1530:and the
1520:Colombia
1397:salient.
1352:and the
1322:and the
1298:military
1276:de facto
1097:between
1095:Dniester
1069:de facto
961:between
927:Thailand
923:Cambodia
921:by both
856:de facto
773:de facto
743:Mulhouse
591:and the
507:consular
444:Nagasaki
333:C-2 visa
277:Svalbard
265:Svalbard
3599:Sources
2839:Haaretz
2786:31 July
2258:3021415
2116:. 1956.
1792:Gallery
1767:of the
1761:Trieste
1712:in the
1505:Uruguay
1433:Kurdish
1224:invaded
1220:Lebanon
1182:of the
1172:border.
1099:Moldova
1081:Morocco
1077:Melilla
842:in 1969
769:de jure
532:of the
398:Osman I
384:Morocco
344:Tangier
328:Nairobi
58:improve
3658:Travel
3613:
3525:civil
3468:
3441:
3414:
3278:
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3172:, 1959
2434:
2404:Gov.uk
2321:
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2240:(18).
2209:online
2184:, and
2098:
2021:
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1726:Jordan
1685:U-Bahn
1681:S-Bahn
1672:, the
1630:Gdańsk
1451:Kosovo
1447:Serbia
1395:Latrun
1358:Kuwait
1314:– The
1284:– The
1267:toises
1125:Kuwait
940:, the
798:, the
517:, the
478:ceded
452:Sakoku
440:Dejima
432:, and
430:Dejima
326:, and
324:Vienna
320:Geneva
267:is an
226:, and
47:, but
3629:(PDF)
3539:Seoul
3496:Notes
3020:(PDF)
3007:(PDF)
2982:(PDF)
2971:(PDF)
2754:(PDF)
2741:(PDF)
2718:3 May
2254:JSTOR
2131:(PDF)
2019:JSTOR
2005:(4).
1609:Egypt
1166:Sudan
1162:Sudan
1147:Egypt
1073:Ceuta
1043:Åland
1029:Greek
836:North
747:Basel
714:, or
460:Macau
402:Syria
380:Rabat
376:"out"
290:Qeshm
145:Space
104:Earth
3636:2021
3611:ISBN
3569:and
3466:ISBN
3439:ISBN
3412:ISBN
3232:2015
3205:2015
3153:2018
3120:2021
3094:2019
3068:link
3054:2019
3028:2018
2990:2006
2954:2015
2922:2015
2872:2013
2846:2012
2788:2024
2762:2018
2720:2020
2657:2017
2630:2017
2603:2014
2554:2014
2527:2009
2497:link
2483:2017
2432:ISBN
2411:2016
2319:ISBN
2139:2014
2096:ISSN
2073:2018
1975:2021
1944:ISBN
1923:2011
1751:The
1683:and
1614:The
1514:The
1503:and
1449:and
1425:NATO
1214:and
1123:and
1121:Iraq
1079:and
1075:and
1063:and
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1019:and
1011:The
965:and
925:and
890:and
862:and
838:and
830:The
822:Asia
814:and
716:ESTA
704:visa
621:and
619:Suez
617:The
611:and
420:Asia
389:The
338:The
331:the
288:and
286:Kish
3321:doi
2914:BBC
2246:doi
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2011:doi
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