Internet celebrity - Knowledge (XXG)

357:

join an email list and receive remunerated offers from corporations in exchange for creating specific posts. For instance, bloggers were compensated for writing reviews of fast-food meals on their blogs. Blogstar is widely regarded as the first influencer marketing network. Murphy succeeded Blogstar with PayPerPost, which was introduced in 2006. This platform compensated significant posters on prominent forums and social media platforms for every post made about a corporate product. Payment rates were determined by the influencer's status. Though very popular, PayPerPost, received a great deal of criticism as these influencers were not required to disclose their involvement with PayPerPost as traditional journalism would have. With the success of PayPerPost, the public became aware that there was a drive for corporate interests to influence what some people were posting to these sites. The platform also incentivized other firms to establish comparable programs. Despite concerns, marketing networks with influencers continued to grow throughout the 2000s and into the 2010s. The influencer marketing industry is expected to be worth up to $ 15 billion by 2022, up from as much as $ 8 billion in 2019, according to estimates from Business Insider Intelligence, which are based on Mediakix data. Evan Asano, the Former CEO and founder of the agency Mediakix, previously spoke with

172: 1173: 378:". B2C marketing, meaning Business to Consumer marketing, entails the strategies which a business would undertake to promote themselves and their services directly to their target audiences. This is typically through advertising and creating content through the influencer themselves. The intention is that their followers, who relate or look up to certain influencers, will be more inclined to purchase an item because their favorite "Internet celebrity" recommended it. Internet celebrities typically promote a lifestyle of beauty and luxury fashion and foster consumer–brand relationships, while selling their own lines of merchandise. 381:"Digital Branding: A Comprehensive Step-by-Step Guide to Strategy, Tactics, Tools, and Metrics" by David Rowles explains the methods online influencers employ to increase their audience and brand visibility. Digital branding encompasses all online experiences and necessitates value provision." It is suggested that users are already familiar with the lives of their influencers as devoted followers. This makes it easy for them to promote companies as their followers feel as though they know the celebrities they follow, despite the reality being different. 846:. According to Senft and Poitier, the concept of the micro-celebrity "is best understood as a new style of online performance that involves people 'amping up' their popularity over the Web using technologies like video, blogs and social networking sites". A micro-celebrity is also known as "a form of identity linked almost exclusively to the internet, characterizing a process by which people express, create and share their identities online". However, micro-celebrities differ from more traditional forms of celebrities associated with 374:

impacts their audience's purchasing decision, with those who engage with their audience being more persuasive in encouraging product purchases. Companies today place great importance on feedback and comments received through social media platforms as consumers trust other consumers. Reviews are often relied on to persuade consumers to make a purchase, highlighting the impact of a negative review on a business's revenue. A typical method of marketing between the influencer and the audience is "

1342: 785: 1225:, where numerous Instagram influencers were sanctioned for their lack of transparency. This led to a massive backlash from the public, who felt the promotion of the event deliberately misled and confused target audiences. As a result, numerous advertising bodies sought to introduce strict regulations and guidelines around influencer marketing. This includes the AANA (Australian Associations of National Advertisers), who states that influencer advertising must be "clearly distinguishable". 1128: 589: 476: 435: 134: 89: 1289: 344:

Influencer". Nouri asserts that social media platforms have a greater negative impact on young, impressionable audiences compared to traditional media like magazines, billboards, advertisements, and tabloids featuring celebrities. Online it is thought to be simpler to manipulate an image and lifestyle in such a way that viewers are more susceptible to believing it.

1149:, who began entertaining in 2016. The appeal of VTubers is similar to a real person, except the entertainer may choose to remain anonymous through their VTuber persona. The 2D anime virtual avatars appealed to many Japanese fans and popularity began to spread internationally. In October 2021, there has been reported to be 16,000 VTubers around the world. 534: 1023:

that the profits generated by Chinese celebrities can be immense. Unlike YouTube, which takes 45% of advertising revenue, Sina Weibo, one of the largest Chinese social media platforms, is not involved in advertising, which allows internet celebrities to be more independent. The monthly income of Chinese influencers can exceed CN¥10 million (

421:. Marketing experts have concluded that anyone can build websites easily without any technical knowledge or complex coding languages. They can upload text, pictures, and videos instantly from personal computers or phones. With technological barriers diminishing, the web has become the ideal platform for personal branding. 974:. Internet celebrities may promote their products by modeling for their shops by posting pictures or videos of themselves wearing the clothes or accessories they sell, or giving makeup or fashion tips. They serve as key opinion leaders for their followers, who either aspire to be like them or look up to them. 1144:

or virtual Youtubers are entertainers that use digital 3D model avatars that are computer generated. VTubers originated from Japan, beginning in the early 2010s, and have risen in popularity in the 2020s. The first virtual Youtuber was Ami Yamato, who debuted on May 18, 2011; the first VTuber who had

1349:

Those who closely follow the lives of internet celebrities are more likely to develop psychological difficulties such as anxiety, depression, and dissociation. Although many internet celebrities appreciate the support and loyalty of their viewers and fans, the dedication to their lives can sometimes

841:

A micro-celebrity, also known as a micro-influencer, is a person famous within a niche group of users on a social media platform. Micro-celebrities often present themselves as public figures. The concept of the micro-celebrity was originally developed by Theresa Senft and P. A. Poitier in their 2008

373:

discovered that individuals were using "internet forums as influential sources of consumer information." The study proposes that consumers preferred internet forums and social media when making purchasing decisions over conventional advertising and print sources. An influencer's personality strongly

343:

There is much debate about whether social media influencers can be considered celebrities, as their path to fame is often less traditional and arguably easier. Melody Nouri addresses the differences between the two types in her article "The Power of Influence: Traditional Celebrities vs Social Media

1266:

is a form of ostracism where an individual is excluded from social or professional circles because of certain past or present actions or allegations. The act may occur on social media platforms or in person. Cancel culture is a common term among internet celebrities where they may lose their source

339:

The origins of online influencing can be traced back to the emergence of digital blogs and platforms in the early 2000s. Nevertheless recent studies demonstrate that Instagram, an application with more than one billion users, harbors the majority of the influencer demographic. These individuals are

1370:

frequently creates the appearance of authenticity through harnessing the emotions of her audience. In Lueck's (2012) study they find that 60% of her Facebook advertising contains an "embedded emotional/transformational story". Her social media posts blur the boundaries between commercial promotion

1302:

are often a way internet celebrities interact with fans in real life. Occasionally, an internet celebrity might organize a meetup and invite fans to meet them at a certain place and time without proper organization. This can attract crowds of fans, causing disorderly or even unsafe situations. For

1208:

started as an online blogger, and then gained millions of followers on Instagram. She later created her brand, the Chiara Ferragni Collection. Like many other Instagram celebrities, Ferragni started by charging money per post for promoting brands. She earns revenue from promotional Instagram posts

1022:

ecosystem that has become successful in its own way. For every Western social media platform, there is a comparable Chinese version; Chinese social media platforms, however, generate revenue differently. The greatest difference between Chinese internet celebrities and their Western counterparts is

356:

with complimentary products in return for favorable reviews. A few of these practices were viewed as unethical for taking advantage of the labor of young individuals without providing remuneration. The Blogstar Network was established in 2004 by Ted Murphy of MindComet. Bloggers were encouraged to

1350:

be intense. Fans may develop extreme behaviors or attitudes towards their favorite celebrities that can be identified as obsessive or may sometimes result to criminal behavior. The younger crowd are also being impacted through seeing their internet celebrities on different social media platforms.

1220:

Despite the recent emergence of influencer culture, influencer marketing and advertising it is left highly unregulated by existing legislation. This became a prevalent concern when users on social media platforms were finding it difficult to distinguish any differences between advertisements and

1191:

or sponsorships. Internet celebrities can use their fame to promote products or experiences to their followers, as a method of providing credibility to products. In social media advertising, internet celebrities can be paid to advertise products. When they have garnered sufficient attention and

703:

Depending on their rise to fame, internet celebrities may reach their audiences in different ways. Some people write journals or blogs, some make YouTube or TikTok videos, others post frequently on Instagram or Twitter (X). The Internet has made fame accessible to and attainable for the general

1337:

explains that the younger generation is becoming more attracted to the path of fame compared to the typical intellectual development and financial security route. The appearance of the ease and simplicity of the life of internet celebrities obstructs the reality of what this life often really

274:

became widely available, leading to the creation of numerous websites dedicated to shared interests. These forums allowed users to seek advice and help from experienced individuals in their field, increasing the availability of information beyond mainstream print media and corporate

287:

emerged around the same time, allowing users to publish long-form articles and stories. Since then forums, social media and blogging have transformed into integral components of communication, social interaction, business and journalism. Popular social media platforms include

1203:

to sell. By doing this, and by using their platform to promote their products to an established audience, influencers can earn money by developing their own reputable brands. Bloggers can feature sponsored posts in social media to make profits. For instance, fashion blogger

1358:

evaluates a study that was done on Hungarian adolescents demonstrate these effects. The research found that the desire for fame on the internet was negatively associated with self-acceptance and potentially result to materialism and the desire for social recognition.

734:

Many other people build their followings slowly over time, sharing their daily life and passions with people. Families such as the LaBrant Family and The Bucket List Family share their children, life experiences, and travels with their followers. Individuals such as

824:

wrote that YouTubers are more popular than mainstream celebrities among U.S. teens. Advertisers, in an effort to reach teenagers and millennials who do not watch regular television and movies, have started contacting YouTubers and other internet celebrities.

1371:

and personal storytelling, making it more difficult for followers to distinguish between authentic messages and promotional material. This motivates the followers to engage in particular purchasing behaviours which reflects her parasocial influence.

340:

sometimes referred to as "Instagrammers" or "Instafamous." A crucial aspect of influencing lies in their association with sponsors. The 2015 debut of Vamp, a company that links influencers with sponsorships, transformed the landscape of influencing.

832:

program enables creators to earn money from advertisements. AdSense has certain requirements—a YouTuber must have more than 1,000 subscribers, live in an eligible country, and have more than 4,000 hours of watch time within a year to be eligible.

368:

with a large following, distinctive brand persona, and a patterned relationship with commercial sponsors. Consumers often mistakenly view celebrities as reliable, leading to trust and confidence in the products being promoted. A 2001 study from

1863: 1164:, scout and hire these VTubers to aid in marketing and build popularity. Their trademark character being the VTuber avatar or a 2D anime form of that character on the album covers, allowing recognition of the avatar and for the agency. 731:'s "Search for the Next TV Star" competition. Viral videos from internet celebrities could entail a funny event happening in the moment, a popular new dance, or even a post on Twitter, such as the "Alex from Target" tweet in 2014. 1275:

and vocally expressing racist remarks. On July 10, 2020, the makeup brand Morphe cut ties and ceased all makeup collaborations with Jeffree Star because his problematic past had resurfaced. The year before that, Kuwaiti celebrity

1320:

is an annual organized video conference designed for people interested in online videos. It invites internet content creators to participate in events for paying fans, such as performances, panels, and meet-and-greets.

3283: 1069:. Net idols first emerged in the 1990s through personal websites and blogs when internet became more accessible, with some selling personal merchandise such as photo books through their websites. Around March 2007, 393:, describes the development of a public image for commercial gain or social or cultural capital. The rise of social media has been exploited by individuals seeking personal fame and product sales. Platforms such as 3489: 3659: 1192:

following, they can be approached by advertising companies to help advertise products and reach a wider audience. Endorsements for fashion and cosmetic products are common for Instagram internet influencers.

3420: 417:, are the most common social media outlets on which online influencers attempt to build a following. Fame can be attained through different avenues and media forms, including art, humor, modeling, and 746:

Although multiple studies offer slightly differing views, internet celebrities, or influencers, can be broken into five or six different categories: Nano, Micro, Mid-tier, Macro, Mega, and Celebrity.

2530: 2975: 807:), regardless of the genres or types of videos they make, have created an industry that can generate revenue from video views and online popularity. For example, Swedish internet celebrity 171: 3690: 3633: 1640: 3473: 2026: 2560: 1156:, with some VTubers being music artists. These VTubers that were music artists or broadcast their musical talent would be dubbed "VSinger" (virtual singer). Agencies such as 3275: 2492: 850:

stars because a micro-celebrity's popularity is often directly linked to their audience, and the audience comes to expect a certain degree of authenticity and transparency.

3314: 2431: 1610: 1455: 1313:

involving a group of internet celebrities who were set to meet paying fans, but did not follow through. Because of the disorganized setup, the meetup resulted in chaos.

2590: 3655: 3221: 3412: 3035: 2342: 2303: 1729: 1580: 860: 3550: 486: 2522: 1212:

In 2020, a report by venture-capital firm SignalFire stated that the economy spawned by internet creators was the "fastest-growing type of small business".

1172: 352:

The early 2000s showed corporate endeavors to leverage the internet for influence, with some companies participating in forums for promotions or providing

258:, companies and organizations may enlist internet celebrities to advertise their products to their fan base and followers on their respective platforms. 815:

and comedy videos on YouTube. As of August 2024, he has around 110 million subscribers and is the fourth most-subscribed non-corporation YouTuber.

3450: 3931: 1923: 2967: 2854: 2628: 2081:"Too Big to Sell? A Computational Analysis of Network and Content Characteristics among Mega and Micro Beauty and Fashion Social Media Influencers" 250:. In this capacity they act as key amplifiers of trends across various genres including fashion, cooking, technology, travel, video games, movies, 3721: 3889: 279:. Dedicated social media platforms emerged from these developments, providing users with the ability to create profiles and connect with others. 1008:(李子柒), a celebrity food blogger with more than 16 million followers on Weibo, has inspired many bloggers to post similar content on traditional 215:

provides a means for people to reach a large, global audience, and internet celebrities are commonly present on large online platforms such as

1094:, which in turn led people into performing choreographed dances from anime series and idol groups. Notable creators of dance covers, known as 2661: 2143:

Khamis, Susie; Ang, Lawrence; Welling, Raymond (April 3, 2017). "Self-branding, 'micro-celebrity' and the rise of Social Media Influencers".

1814: 2196:

Labrecque, Lauren I.; Markos, Ereni; Milne, George R. (February 2011). "Online Personal Branding: Processes, Challenges, and Implications".

2884: 3682: 3058: 1699: 552: 544: 2937: 1841: 2057: 606: 448: 3625: 1864:"Instagram is testing hiding 'likes' and some influencers are angry. Industry execs told us how the change will affect their business" 1632: 1237: 3580: 1998: 854:

The Internet allows the masses to wrest control of fame from traditional media, creating micro-celebrities with the click of a mouse.

3340: 2552: 2462: 2299: 1909: 924:, through attracting the attention of their followers. Internet celebrities have become a popular phenomenon in China. For example, 690: 672: 570: 515: 462: 3005: 2500: 1329:

Internet celebrities can draw in a devoted crowd of fans whether their reach is small or wide. A scholarly article published from

3306: 2800: 1664:"What drives digital engagement with sponsored videos? An investigation of video influencers' authenticity management strategies" 653: 1548: 2915: 2423: 1602: 1447: 625: 2582: 610: 3603: 3999: 3519: 878: 632: 3213: 2772: 1791: 1760: 1479:"Celebrity vs. Influencer endorsements in advertising: the role of identification, credibility, and Product-Endorser fit" 3027: 2667: 2326: 2289: 1721: 1570: 1338:

entails. Seeing influencers display the highlights of their lives has shown to produce some unintended effects on fans.

818:

Every minute, 300 hours of videos are uploaded to YouTube, and 5 billion videos are watched every day. In August 2014,

38: 3542: 639: 3252: 3191: 1401: 1345:

Fans at the 2014 VidCon event where hundreds of individuals wait to see their favorite internet celebrity YouTubers

3780:"The association of celebrity worship with problematic Internet use, maladaptive daydreaming, and desire for fame" 599: 4009: 847: 803:

YouTube has risen as one of the biggest platforms for launching internet celebrities. YouTube creators (known as

142: 4004: 1363: 1229: 1153: 962:

economy: social media advertising, and online retail. In the online retailing business model, e-commerce-based

621: 3119:[Kozue Aikawa, an idol who debuted from Nico Nico Douga: "If it weren't for Niconico, I might've become a 2699: 2392: 3442: 3155:["She has so much cuteness!" British net idol Beckii Cruel makes her first television appearance!]. 1252: 497: 454: 150: 109: 1889: 1416: 1005: 361:

and said he believed influencer marketing on Instagram would continue to grow despite likes being hidden.

232: 74: 1603:"Most popular social networks worldwide as of April 2019, ranked by number of active users (in millions)" 1267:

of income, fans, or reputation because of their controversial actions. For example, Beauty Guru YouTuber

1187:

Different types of internet celebrities can make money in various ways, but most of them earn money from

966:

use social media platforms to sell self-branded products to potential buyers among followers via Chinese

98: 4014: 3713: 2846: 2612: 1391: 247: 243: 1355: 3743: 784: 1330: 967: 946: 913: 255: 3969: 1157: 1015: 1818: 1341: 3994: 3894: 3866: 3393: 3245:"Japan's virtual YouTubers have millions of real subscribers — and make millions of real dollars" 2752: 2405: 2270: 2223: 2178: 2110: 2018: 1979: 1915: 1691: 1508: 1426: 1180: 819: 370: 63: 2876: 1196:

tend to advertise a wider array of products, regardless of relevance to their genre of content.

646: 3116: 3068: 1280:

was "cancelled" for criticising Filipinos. As a result of this, some brands cut ties with her.

1127: 936:

efforts through online posts. According to CBN Data, a commercial data company affiliated with

3817: 3799: 3481: 3385: 3186: 3184:[Keekihime, a talent drawn in by Nico Douga (A past and present tale on Nico Douga)]. 2945: 2744: 2657: 2620: 2458: 2397: 2334: 2262: 2170: 2102: 1971: 1905: 1833: 1683: 1500: 1386: 1381: 1040: 390: 70: 3604:"FTC bans fake online reviews, inflated social media influence; rule takes effect in October" 2049: 3947: 3856: 3848: 3807: 3791: 3375: 2734: 2387: 2377: 2254: 2243:"The Unwatched Life Is Not Worth Living: The Elevation of the Ordinary in Celebrity Culture" 2213: 2205: 2160: 2152: 2092: 2010: 1961: 1897: 1675: 1543: 1490: 1421: 909: 902: 872: 708: 398: 358: 305: 3836: 3572: 2776: 2294: 1406: 1277: 1205: 1176: 1009: 365: 3336: 2997: 3812: 3779: 3125: 1396: 1367: 1263: 933: 280: 271: 239: 2792: 1199:

Influencers can also expand their source of revenue by creating their own products or

141:

It has been suggested that parts of this page (Influencers and marketing networks) be

3988: 3870: 3397: 2907: 2756: 2227: 2114: 2022: 1983: 1919: 1695: 1538: 1512: 1310: 1272: 1222: 1066: 1036: 937: 925: 728: 724: 716: 3181: 3090: 2583:"Additional Changes to the YouTube Partner Program (YPP) to Better Protect Creators" 2409: 2274: 2182: 2130:

Digital Branding: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide to Strategy, Tactics and Measurement

17: 3935: 3910: 3276:"The Rise of VTubers: An Overview of the Surging Popularity of "Virtual YouTubers"" 2079:

Britt, Rebecca K.; Hayes, Jameson L.; Britt, Brian C.; Park, Haseon (May 3, 2020).

1901: 1304: 1268: 1112: 1019: 1001: 740: 212: 3337:"[Music] Release of Virtual Idol Tokino Sora's New Cover Album "Re:Play"!" 2242: 2156: 2097: 2080: 1633:"A Comprehensive Guide to Instagram Influencer Marketing | Social Media Marketing" 1495: 1478: 207:) is an individual who has acquired or developed their fame and notability on the 3852: 3656:"MAC Cosmetics releases statement denouncing Kuwaiti influencer Sondos al Qattan" 2847:"China's Internet celebrity economy bigger than cinema|Society|chinadaily.com.cn" 2822: 2366:"Never Gonna GIF You Up: Analyzing the Cultural Significance of the Animated GIF" 2258: 2209: 1233: 1200: 1188: 1070: 712: 588: 3942: 3511: 3380: 3363: 2938:"100 Chinese selected as "good young netizens" - Xinhua | English.news.cn" 1966: 1949: 1679: 2769: 2727:

Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies

1783: 1411: 1248: 989: 977: 952: 921: 812: 720: 146: 104: 3803: 3485: 3389: 2748: 2739: 2722: 2651: 2624: 2401: 2382: 2365: 2338: 2266: 2218: 2174: 2106: 1975: 1752: 1687: 1663: 1504: 1221:

sponsorships with personal posts. This was evident with the mismanagement of

3474:"Chiara Ferragni – how a 'crazy blogger' turned her life into a shop window" 3413:"Highest-Paid YouTube Stars 2018: Markiplier, Jake Paul, PewDiePie And More" 3152: 1288: 1193: 1146: 1131: 1116: 1108: 808: 788: 394: 293: 224: 3821: 3795: 3307:"VTubers redefine the music industry as virtual concerts and idols rise up" 1834:"Influencer Marketing: State of the social media influencer market in 2020" 1316:

Alternatively, events can be organized at a venue with security personnel.

1784:"The Power of Influence: Traditional Celebrity vs Social Media Influencer" 1753:"The Power of Influence: Traditional Celebrity vs Social Media Influencer" 62:"Key opinion leader" redirects here. For the sociological phenomenon, see 3915: 3837:"Friend-zone with benefits: The parasocial advertising of Kim Kardashian" 3130: 3063: 1575: 1334: 1091: 985: 941: 901:'Internet fame') is the Chinese version of Internet stardom. The 804: 792: 775: 402: 353: 333: 309: 289: 284: 267: 216: 208: 180: 3861: 3626:"Morphe's Jeffree Star split shows high risk of reliance on influencers" 3244: 2493:"36 Mind Blowing YouTube Facts, Figures and Statistics – 2017 (re-post)" 2165: 1244: 1240: 829: 796: 736: 418: 410: 321: 317: 297: 276: 251: 220: 3964: 1362:

Internet celebrities are also able to influence fans through creating

1271:

has faced many allegations of misconduct in his career, which include

743:

post content about their lifestyle and host challenges and giveaways.

3932:"Rise of an Internet Star - Parlaying YouTube Fame Into Big Business" 3157: 2014: 1317: 1299: 1292: 1161: 1141: 1135: 971: 886: 414: 329: 313: 301: 228: 176: 3443:"How Online Celebrities Make Money Via Advertising and Endorsements" 2523:"YouTube Stars More Popular Than Mainstream Celebs Among U.S. Teens" 940:, the Chinese internet celebrity economy was estimated to be worth 791:

is an internet celebrity and the fourth most subscribed individual

3943:"Internet Famous: Julia Allison and the Secrets of Self-Promotion" 2693: 1894:

The International Encyclopedia of Gender, Media, and Communication

1340: 1309:

was an organization produced in collaboration with talent manager

1287: 1171: 1126: 1046: 992:—has an online shop on Taobao, reportedly earning CN¥300 million ( 325: 283:

pioneered this concept in 1997. Additionally, websites supporting

170: 1477:

Schouten, Alexander P.; Janssen, Loes; Verspaget, Maegan (2020).

3120: 1999:"Internet Forums As Influential Sources Of Consumer Information" 779: 406: 3890:"Internet Fame Is Cruel Mistress for a Dancer of the Numa Numa" 2695:

Camgirls: Celebrity and Community in the Age of Social Networks

2553:"The end of Hollywood and the rise of social media celebrities" 844:

Camgirls: Celebrity and Community in the Age of Social Networks

3778:

Zsila, Ágnes; McCutcheon, Lynn E.; Demetrovics, Zsolt (2018).

2780: 1049:, a specific type of internet celebrity is known as a net idol 582: 527: 469: 428: 375: 127: 82: 59:

Person who has become famous through their use of the Internet

3364:"Framing emerging behaviors influenced by internet celebrity" 2050:"Understanding the Differences Between B2B and B2C Marketing" 1950:"Framing emerging behaviors influenced by internet celebrity" 3543:"What impact has Fyre Festival had on influencer marketing?" 3751: 2327:"Alex From Target: The Other Side of Fame (Published 2014)" 3512:"What is the creator economy? Influencer tools and trends" 3028:"How Do China's Internet Celebrity Differ From America's?" 2457:(1st ed.). New Delhi: Westland Business. p. 68. 2247:

Publications of the Modern Language Association of America

707:

In some cases, people might rise to fame through a single

727:, gained worldwide attention after submitting a video to 254:, politics, music, sports, and entertainment. As part of 1662:

Chen, Li; Yan, Yajie; Smith, Andrew N. (July 2, 2022).

1152:

VTubers function in a similar fashion to YouTubers and

1107:, who later debuted as idols include Kozue Aikawa from 493: 42: 3117:"「ニコニコ動画」からアイドルデビューした愛川こずえ「ニコニコがなかったらたぶんニートになってた（笑）」" 2424:"Social Media Influencers: Mega, Macro, Micro or Nano" 1637:

Content Marketing Consulting and Social Media Strategy

364:

By the 2010s, the term "influencer" described digital

2877:"Celebrity economy set for explosive growth in China" 2793:"Celebrity economy set for explosive growth in China" 1571:"Then and now: a history of social networking sites" 932:芙蓉姐姐) received worldwide notoriety and fame for her 1722:"[Timeline] A Brief History of Influencers" 1232:voted unanimously to ban marketers from using fake 1090:) became popular in video-sharing websites such as 613:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 96:It has been suggested that this article should be 3214:"Who Were the First VTubers and Virtual Streamers" 3059:"「デジタル特捜隊ネットの有名人たちspecial ネットアイドルBEST10 1999年夏篇」" 2998:"YouTube partner earnings overview - YouTube Help" 1183:and blogger known for her sponsored fashion posts. 3714:"Tanacon Was a Fyre Festival for the YouTube Set" 2393:20.500.11820/f0841c5d-45bc-40e5-b4ba-f89e8c5fd847 762:Mega influencers: 1,000,000 – 5,000,000 followers 3888:Feuer, Alan; George, Jason (February 26, 2005). 759:Macro influencers: 500,000 – 1,000,000 followers 756:Mid-tier influencers: 50,000 – 500,000 followers 3091:"『ニコニコ動画』で定番ジャンルとなった"踊ってみた"動画！何故踊る？その心理を聞いてみた" 1997:Bickart, Barbara; Schindler, Robert M. (2001). 1058: 861:Harvard Berkman Center for Internet and Society 852: 69:"Influencer" redirects here. For the song, see 2364:Miltner, Kate M.; Highfield, Tim (July 2017). 2290:"Zach Anner flattens 'Next Oprah' competition" 1100: 1079: 1052: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 795:. Overall, he has the eighth most subscribed 238:Certain internet celebrities may function as 8: 753:Micro influencers: 10,000 – 50,000 followers 175:A group of multiple Internet celebrities at 3153:""可愛いにもほどがある!"英ネットアイドルのベッキー・クルーエルが初のテレビ出演!" 1948:Juntiwasarakij, Suwan (September 1, 2018). 1668:Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 1085: 920:celebrities generate profits via retail or 896: 463:Learn how and when to remove these messages 26: 958:There are two main business models in the 951:) in 2016, more than China's total cinema 750:Nano influencers: 1,000 – 10,000 followers 3860: 3811: 3712:Kircher, Madison Malone (June 26, 2018). 3379: 2738: 2391: 2381: 2217: 2164: 2096: 1965: 1494: 691:Learn how and when to remove this message 673:Learn how and when to remove this message 571:Learn how and when to remove this message 516:Learn how and when to remove this message 783: 32:This is an accepted version of this page 2908:"The making of a Chinese internet star" 2306:from the original on September 26, 2013 1613:from the original on September 17, 2019 1458:from the original on September 17, 2019 1439: 487:not related to the topic of the article 28: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3724:from the original on February 27, 2019 3602:Picciotto, Rebecca (August 14, 2024). 3492:from the original on November 16, 2018 3472:Cochrane, Lauren (November 29, 2016). 3286:from the original on November 30, 2022 3224:from the original on November 22, 2022 3008:from the original on February 17, 2019 2702:from the original on February 14, 2022 2479:The 2020 Influencer Marketing Playbook 2345:from the original on November 18, 2020 2060:from the original on February 25, 2021 1943: 1941: 1551:from the original on September 6, 2022 1145:used the phrase "virtual Youtuber" is 996:) per year. This is comparable to the 765:Celebrities: Above 5,000,000 followers 3553:from the original on October 29, 2020 3343:from the original on December 9, 2022 3317:from the original on December 9, 2022 3255:from the original on February 6, 2022 2968:"Understanding social media in China" 2803:from the original on January 28, 2020 2687: 2685: 2563:from the original on December 4, 2020 2533:from the original on February 7, 2015 2029:from the original on December 6, 2019 1702:from the original on January 22, 2023 1643:from the original on November 8, 2020 7: 3368:Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 1954:Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 1782:Nouri, Melody (September 12, 2018). 1751:Nouri, Melody (September 12, 2018). 1732:from the original on August 26, 2022 1537:Martinue, Paris (December 6, 2019). 1483:International Journal of Advertising 1352:The Journal of Behavioral Addictions 611:adding citations to reliable sources 3841:Journal of Marketing Communications 3693:from the original on August 1, 2020 3662:from the original on March 12, 2022 3636:from the original on April 13, 2021 3583:from the original on August 7, 2020 3541:Gillil, Nikki (February 19, 2019). 3453:from the original on March 29, 2019 3423:from the original on April 21, 2019 3038:from the original on April 11, 2018 2978:from the original on April 11, 2018 2918:from the original on March 16, 2018 2887:from the original on April 22, 2017 2857:from the original on April 20, 2018 2631:from the original on March 25, 2019 2499:. December 13, 2017. Archived from 2453:Amith Prabhu, Sujith Patil (2023). 2434:from the original on March 18, 2020 1844:from the original on August 5, 2021 1794:from the original on August 6, 2020 1763:from the original on August 6, 2020 1366:with their audiences. For example, 2770:"The new fame: Internet celebrity" 2670:from the original on June 27, 2019 2650:Senft, Theresa M. (July 2, 2008). 2593:from the original on April 7, 2019 2325:Bilton, Nick (November 12, 2014). 2085:Journal of Interactive Advertising 1926:from the original on April 2, 2022 1583:from the original on July 23, 2018 1238:generative artificial intelligence 1209:and the sale of her own products. 543:tone or style may not reflect the 348:Influencers and marketing networks 57: 3305:Amos, Andrew (November 2, 2022). 3180:Hirota, Minoru (April 25, 2013). 2721:Raun, Tobias (January 10, 2018). 2300:The University of Texas at Austin 2048:Lake, Laura (December 26, 2020). 444:This section has multiple issues. 3784:Journal of Behavioral Addictions 3681:Kaufman, Amy (August 23, 2019). 3522:from the original on May 5, 2021 2198:Journal of Interactive Marketing 2003:Journal of Interactive Marketing 1539:"The WIRED Guide to Influencers" 988:, with 4.9 million followers on 980:(张大奕)—one of China's best-known 587: 553:guide to writing better articles 532: 474: 433: 132: 87: 73:. For the 2022 horror film, see 3243:Kelts, Roland (July 26, 2021). 3182:"ニコ動が引きつけた才能"ケーキ姫☆優海"【ニコ動今昔物語】" 3097:(in Japanese). January 23, 2010 2481:. Linqia, Inc. 2019. p. 8. 2241:Gamson, Joshua (October 2011). 598:needs additional citations for 452:or discuss these issues on the 3963:Sorgatz, Rex (June 17, 2008). 3362:Juntiwasarakij, Suwan (2018). 3161:(in Japanese). January 5, 2010 2906:Tsoi, Grace (August 1, 2016). 2288:Rich, Gerald (June 16, 2010). 1902:10.1002/9781119429128.iegmc219 1004:(范冰冰), a top Chinese actress. 891: 882: 1: 3941:Tanz, Jason (July 15, 2008). 3067:(in Japanese). Archived from 2613:"Instagram micro-celebrities" 2157:10.1080/19392397.2016.1218292 2098:10.1080/15252019.2020.1763873 1496:10.1080/02650487.2019.1634898 1448:"Most used social media 2021" 1247:) and influencers paying for 496:or discuss this issue on the 389:Self-branding, also known as 3853:10.1080/13527266.2012.726235 2827:. Hong Kong University Press 2259:10.1632/pmla.2011.126.4.1061 2210:10.1016/j.intmar.2010.09.002 211:. The growing popularity of 3911:"The Dark Side of Web Fame" 1888:Duffy, Brooke Erin (2020). 1815:"Polluting The Blogosphere" 1813:Fine, Jon (July 10, 2006). 1059: 1018:has created an independent 4031: 3381:10.1016/j.kjss.2018.06.014 3192:Kadokawa Future Publishing 2054:the balance small business 1967:10.1016/j.kjss.2018.06.014 1890:"Social Media Influencers" 1680:10.1007/s11747-022-00887-2 1402:List of Internet phenomena 1034: 773: 231:, which primarily rely on 102:into a new article titled 68: 61: 3573:"Ads must clearly be ads" 2455:The Pursuit Of Reputation 1788:Pop Culture Intersections 1757:Pop Culture Intersections 1101: 1080: 1053: 2851:europe.chinadaily.com.cn 2740:10.1177/1354856517736983 2692:Senft, Theresa (Terri). 2383:10.1177/2056305117725223 1364:parasocial relationships 1230:Federal Trade Commission 1065:, a sub-category of the 970:(C2C) websites, such as 859:David Weinberger of the 197:social media personality 39:latest accepted revision 2723:"Capitalizing intimacy" 1216:Advertising regulations 910:Chinese digital economy 547:used on Knowledge (XXG) 242:promoting a particular 193:social media influencer 191:(also referred to as a 3796:10.1556/2006.7.2018.76 3579:. September 20, 2018. 2972:McKinsey & Company 2376:(3): 205630511772522. 2370:Social Media + Society 2128:Rowels, David (2014). 1417:Social media marketing 1346: 1296: 1184: 1138: 1067:idol industry in Japan 916:in social media. Some 865: 800: 770:YouTubers and vloggers 551:See Knowledge (XXG)'s 233:user-generated content 184: 3835:Lueck, L. A. (2015). 3687:The Los Angeles Times 3518:. November 29, 2020. 3057:Kogawa, Tomo (1999). 2617:Marketing Weekly News 1392:Internet Hall of Fame 1344: 1291: 1284:Interacting with fans 1175: 1130: 787: 774:Further information: 485:may contain material 174: 4000:Internet celebrities 3965:"The Microfame Game" 3449:. November 8, 2016. 3034:. January 27, 2018. 2619:: 149. May 5, 2018. 2587:YouTube Creator Blog 1639:. January 17, 2018. 1331:Thammasat University 1228:In August 2024, the 968:customer-to-customer 914:influencer marketing 622:"Internet celebrity" 607:improve this article 494:improve this section 256:influencer marketing 201:internet personality 18:Internet celebrities 3411:Robehmed, Natalie. 3212:Rasmussen, Makena. 3133:. November 25, 2016 3071:on October 11, 2000 2503:on October 22, 2020 1016:Censorship in China 179:, a convention for 29:Page version status 3895:The New York Times 3280:The Science Survey 3002:support.google.com 2824:Celebrity in China 2775:2020-09-15 at the 2559:. March 13, 2015. 2529:. August 5, 2014. 2331:The New York Times 1821:on August 6, 2006. 1726:Social Media Today 1427:Virtual influencer 1347: 1297: 1185: 1181:fashion influencer 1139: 1088:"I tried dancing") 801: 723:, a comedian from 371:Rutgers University 189:internet celebrity 185: 64:Opinion leadership 35: 3754:on March 25, 2019 3658:. July 26, 2018. 3632:. July 16, 2020. 2948:on August 2, 2018 2942:www.xinhuanet.com 2663:978-0-8204-5694-2 2219:20.500.12010/9095 2145:Celebrity Studies 1832:Schomer, Audrey. 1609:. June 20, 2018. 1387:Internet activism 1382:Celebrity culture 1041:List of net idols 955:revenue in 2015. 899: 837:Micro-celebrities 701: 700: 693: 683: 682: 675: 657: 581: 580: 573: 545:encyclopedic tone 526: 525: 518: 467: 391:personal branding 167: 166: 126: 125: 71:Influencer (song) 47:11 September 2024 16:(Redirected from 4022: 4010:Social influence 3981: 3979: 3977: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3919:. March 13, 2010 3906: 3904: 3902: 3875: 3874: 3864: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3815: 3775: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3750:. Archived from 3740: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3383: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3123:(laughs)"]. 3113: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3024: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3013: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2944:. Archived from 2934: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2789: 2783: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2742: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2689: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2549: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2420: 2414: 2413: 2395: 2385: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2253:(4): 1061–1069. 2238: 2232: 2231: 2221: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2168: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2125: 2119: 2118: 2100: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2045: 2039: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2015:10.1002/dir.1014 1994: 1988: 1987: 1969: 1945: 1936: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1896:. pp. 1–4. 1885: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1868:Business Insider 1860: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1838:Business Insider 1829: 1823: 1822: 1817:. Archived from 1810: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1718: 1712: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1599: 1593: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1579:. July 6, 2011. 1567: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1534: 1517: 1516: 1498: 1474: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1444: 1422:Usenet celebrity 1106: 1104: 1103: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1082: 1064: 1062: 1056: 1055: 1026: 999: 995: 950: 900: 897: 893: 884: 863: 715:, and become an 696: 689: 678: 671: 667: 664: 658: 656: 615: 591: 583: 576: 569: 565: 562: 556: 555:for suggestions. 536: 535: 528: 521: 514: 510: 507: 501: 478: 477: 470: 459: 437: 436: 429: 366:content creators 359:Business Insider 162: 159: 136: 135: 128: 121: 118: 91: 90: 83: 21: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4019: 4005:Cultural trends 3985: 3984: 3975: 3973: 3962: 3953: 3951: 3940: 3922: 3920: 3909: 3900: 3898: 3887: 3884: 3882:Further reading 3879: 3878: 3834: 3833: 3829: 3777: 3776: 3767: 3757: 3755: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3725: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3665: 3663: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3639: 3637: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3609: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3586: 3584: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3456: 3454: 3447:Reynolds Center 3441: 3440: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3289: 3287: 3273: 3272: 3268: 3258: 3256: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3227: 3225: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3194: 3190:(in Japanese). 3179: 3178: 3174: 3164: 3162: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3129:(in Japanese). 3115: 3114: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3041: 3039: 3026: 3025: 3021: 3011: 3009: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2921: 2919: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2806: 2804: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2777:Wayback Machine 2768: 2764: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2705: 2703: 2691: 2690: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2664: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2634: 2632: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2506: 2504: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2465: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2295:The Daily Texan 2287: 2286: 2282: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2142: 2141: 2137: 2127: 2126: 2122: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2032: 2030: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1947: 1946: 1939: 1929: 1927: 1912: 1887: 1886: 1882: 1872: 1870: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1847: 1845: 1831: 1830: 1826: 1812: 1811: 1807: 1797: 1795: 1781: 1780: 1776: 1766: 1764: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1735: 1733: 1720: 1719: 1715: 1705: 1703: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1646: 1644: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1616: 1614: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1586: 1584: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1554: 1552: 1536: 1535: 1520: 1476: 1475: 1471: 1461: 1459: 1446: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1407:Online streamer 1377: 1356:Akademiai Kiado 1327: 1286: 1278:Sondos Alqattan 1261: 1253:follower counts 1218: 1206:Chiara Ferragni 1177:Chiara Ferragni 1170: 1125: 1098: 1077: 1050: 1043: 1033: 1025:US$ 1.5 million 1024: 1010:Chinese cooking 997: 993: 945: 870: 864: 858: 839: 782: 772: 719:. For example, 697: 686: 685: 684: 679: 668: 662: 659: 616: 614: 604: 592: 577: 566: 560: 557: 550: 541:This article's 537: 533: 522: 511: 505: 502: 491: 479: 475: 438: 434: 427: 387: 350: 264: 240:lifestyle gurus 163: 157: 154: 137: 133: 122: 116: 113: 92: 88: 81: 67: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4028: 4026: 4018: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3960: 3938: 3929: 3907: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3847:(2): 215–229. 3827: 3790:(3): 654–664. 3765: 3735: 3704: 3683:"Staff Writer" 3673: 3647: 3617: 3594: 3564: 3533: 3503: 3464: 3434: 3403: 3374:(3): 550–555. 3354: 3328: 3297: 3266: 3235: 3218:Virtual Humans 3204: 3172: 3144: 3126:Weekly Playboy 3108: 3082: 3049: 3019: 2989: 2959: 2929: 2898: 2868: 2838: 2814: 2784: 2762: 2713: 2681: 2662: 2656:. Peter Lang. 2642: 2604: 2574: 2544: 2514: 2484: 2470: 2463: 2445: 2415: 2356: 2317: 2280: 2233: 2188: 2151:(2): 191–208. 2135: 2120: 2091:(2): 111–118. 2071: 2040: 1989: 1960:(3): 550–555. 1937: 1910: 1880: 1855: 1824: 1805: 1774: 1743: 1713: 1654: 1624: 1594: 1562: 1518: 1489:(2): 258–281. 1469: 1438: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1397:Kid influencer 1394: 1389: 1384: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1368:Kim Kardashian 1326: 1325:Effect on fans 1323: 1285: 1282: 1264:Cancel culture 1260: 1259:Cancel culture 1257: 1217: 1214: 1169: 1166: 1124: 1121: 1032: 1029: 998:US$ 21 million 994:US$ 46 million 934:self-promotion 930:Fúróng Jiějiě, 869: 866: 856: 838: 835: 771: 768: 767: 766: 763: 760: 757: 754: 751: 699: 698: 681: 680: 595: 593: 586: 579: 578: 540: 538: 531: 524: 523: 482: 480: 473: 468: 442: 441: 439: 432: 426: 423: 386: 383: 349: 346: 281:SixDegrees.com 272:World Wide Web 263: 260: 165: 164: 140: 138: 131: 124: 123: 95: 93: 86: 58: 56: 36: 30: 27: 25: 24: 23: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4027: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3990: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3930: 3918: 3917: 3912: 3908: 3897: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3831: 3828: 3823: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3723: 3719: 3718:Intelligencer 3715: 3708: 3705: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3677: 3674: 3661: 3657: 3651: 3648: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3621: 3618: 3605: 3598: 3595: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3568: 3565: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3537: 3534: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3507: 3504: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3465: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3407: 3404: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3358: 3355: 3342: 3338: 3332: 3329: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3301: 3298: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3270: 3267: 3254: 3250: 3249:rest of world 3246: 3239: 3236: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3208: 3205: 3193: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3176: 3173: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3148: 3145: 3132: 3128: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3112: 3109: 3096: 3092: 3086: 3083: 3070: 3066: 3065: 3060: 3053: 3050: 3037: 3033: 3032:Ruggles Media 3029: 3023: 3020: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2960: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2933: 2930: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2902: 2899: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2869: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2842: 2839: 2826: 2825: 2818: 2815: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2766: 2763: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2733:(1): 99–113. 2732: 2728: 2724: 2717: 2714: 2701: 2697: 2696: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2674:September 23, 2669: 2665: 2659: 2655: 2654: 2646: 2643: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2575: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2548: 2545: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2518: 2515: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2480: 2474: 2471: 2466: 2464:9789357768399 2460: 2456: 2449: 2446: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2360: 2357: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2321: 2318: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2284: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2237: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2192: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2139: 2136: 2132:. Kogan Page. 2131: 2124: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2075: 2072: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2044: 2041: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1993: 1990: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1911:9781119429104 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1884: 1881: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1856: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1828: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1809: 1806: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1778: 1775: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1747: 1744: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1658: 1655: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1628: 1625: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1598: 1595: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1566: 1563: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1473: 1470: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1443: 1440: 1433: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1357: 1354:published by 1353: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1332: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1314: 1312: 1311:Michael Weist 1308: 1307: 1301: 1294: 1290: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1274: 1273:cyberbullying 1270: 1265: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1224: 1223:Fyre Festival 1215: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1190: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1167: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1143: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1097: 1093: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1061: 1048: 1042: 1038: 1037:Japanese idol 1030: 1028: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 991: 987: 984:according to 983: 979: 975: 973: 969: 965: 961: 956: 954: 948: 943: 939: 938:Alibaba Group 935: 931: 927: 926:Sister Furong 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 905: 894: 888: 880: 876: 875: 867: 862: 855: 851: 849: 845: 836: 834: 831: 826: 823: 822: 816: 814: 810: 806: 798: 794: 790: 786: 781: 777: 769: 764: 761: 758: 755: 752: 749: 748: 747: 744: 742: 738: 732: 730: 729:Oprah Winfrey 726: 725:Austin, Texas 722: 718: 717:Internet meme 714: 710: 705: 695: 692: 677: 674: 666: 655: 652: 648: 645: 641: 638: 634: 631: 627: 624: – 623: 619: 618:Find sources: 612: 608: 602: 601: 596:This article 594: 590: 585: 584: 575: 572: 564: 554: 548: 546: 539: 530: 529: 520: 517: 509: 499: 495: 489: 488: 483:This section 481: 472: 471: 466: 464: 457: 456: 451: 450: 445: 440: 431: 430: 424: 422: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 385:Self-branding 384: 382: 379: 377: 376:B2C marketing 372: 367: 362: 360: 355: 347: 345: 341: 337: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 286: 282: 278: 273: 269: 266:In 1991, the 261: 259: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 236: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 182: 178: 173: 169: 161: 152: 148: 144: 139: 130: 129: 120: 111: 107: 106: 101: 100: 94: 85: 84: 79: 77: 72: 65: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 4015:Social media 3974:. Retrieved 3968: 3952:. Retrieved 3946: 3936:ReadWriteWeb 3921:. Retrieved 3914: 3899:. Retrieved 3893: 3862:11299/167651 3844: 3840: 3830: 3787: 3783: 3756:. Retrieved 3752:the original 3747: 3738: 3726:. Retrieved 3717: 3707: 3695:. Retrieved 3686: 3676: 3664:. Retrieved 3650: 3638:. Retrieved 3629: 3620: 3608:. Retrieved 3597: 3587:September 2, 3585:. Retrieved 3577:Ad Standards 3576: 3567: 3557:September 2, 3555:. Retrieved 3547:Econsultancy 3546: 3536: 3524:. Retrieved 3515: 3506: 3494:. Retrieved 3478:The Guardian 3477: 3467: 3455:. Retrieved 3446: 3437: 3425:. Retrieved 3416: 3406: 3371: 3367: 3357: 3345:. Retrieved 3331: 3319:. Retrieved 3310: 3300: 3288:. Retrieved 3279: 3269: 3257:. Retrieved 3248: 3238: 3226:. Retrieved 3217: 3207: 3195:. Retrieved 3187:Weekly ASCII 3185: 3175: 3163:. Retrieved 3156: 3147: 3135:. Retrieved 3124: 3111: 3099:. Retrieved 3094: 3085: 3073:. Retrieved 3069:the original 3062: 3052: 3040:. Retrieved 3031: 3022: 3010:. Retrieved 3001: 2992: 2980:. Retrieved 2971: 2962: 2950:. Retrieved 2946:the original 2941: 2932: 2920:. Retrieved 2911: 2901: 2889:. Retrieved 2880: 2871: 2859:. Retrieved 2850: 2841: 2829:. Retrieved 2823: 2817: 2805:. Retrieved 2796: 2787: 2765: 2730: 2726: 2716: 2704:. Retrieved 2694: 2672:. Retrieved 2652: 2645: 2633:. Retrieved 2616: 2607: 2595:. Retrieved 2586: 2577: 2565:. Retrieved 2556: 2547: 2535:. Retrieved 2526: 2517: 2505:. Retrieved 2501:the original 2496: 2487: 2478: 2473: 2454: 2448: 2436:. Retrieved 2427: 2418: 2373: 2369: 2359: 2349:November 17, 2347:. Retrieved 2330: 2320: 2308:. Retrieved 2293: 2283: 2250: 2246: 2236: 2204:(1): 37–50. 2201: 2197: 2191: 2148: 2144: 2138: 2129: 2123: 2088: 2084: 2074: 2062:. Retrieved 2053: 2043: 2031:. Retrieved 2009:(3): 31–40. 2006: 2002: 1992: 1957: 1953: 1928:. Retrieved 1893: 1883: 1871:. Retrieved 1867: 1858: 1846:. Retrieved 1837: 1827: 1819:the original 1808: 1796:. Retrieved 1787: 1777: 1765:. Retrieved 1756: 1746: 1734:. Retrieved 1725: 1716: 1704:. Retrieved 1671: 1667: 1657: 1645:. Retrieved 1636: 1627: 1615:. Retrieved 1606: 1597: 1585:. Retrieved 1574: 1565: 1553:. Retrieved 1542: 1486: 1482: 1472: 1460:. Retrieved 1451: 1442: 1361: 1351: 1348: 1328: 1315: 1305: 1298: 1269:Jeffree Star 1262: 1251:to increase 1234:user reviews 1227: 1219: 1211: 1198: 1189:endorsements 1186: 1151: 1140: 1134:, the first 1113:Beckii Cruel 1095: 1074: 1071:dance covers 1060:Netto aidoru 1044: 1020:social media 1014: 1012:and crafts. 1002:Fan Bingbing 981: 976: 963: 959: 957: 944:58 billion ( 929: 917: 903: 890: 873: 871: 853: 843: 840: 827: 820: 817: 802: 745: 741:David Dobrik 733: 706: 702: 687: 669: 663:January 2023 660: 650: 643: 636: 629: 617: 605:Please help 600:verification 597: 567: 561:January 2023 558: 542: 512: 506:January 2023 503: 492:Please help 484: 460: 453: 447: 446:Please help 443: 388: 380: 363: 351: 342: 338: 265: 237: 213:social media 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 186: 168: 155: 114: 103: 97: 75: 46: 37:This is the 31: 3976:January 11, 3954:January 11, 3923:January 11, 3901:January 11, 3347:December 9, 3321:December 9, 3290:December 9, 3274:Li, Donna. 3259:December 9, 3228:December 9, 3095:Gadget News 2881:China Daily 2557:VentureBeat 2428:CMSWire.com 2166:10453/98736 2033:December 6, 1674:: 198–221. 1647:November 9, 1555:December 6, 1236:created by 1201:merchandise 949:8.4 billion 713:viral video 709:viral event 78:(2022 film) 3989:Categories 3610:August 15, 3516:SignalFire 2497:Videonitch 1873:August 30, 1798:August 23, 1767:August 23, 1736:August 26, 1706:August 26, 1462:August 23, 1434:References 1412:Role model 1075:odottemita 1073:(known as 1035:See also: 990:Sina Weibo 978:Zhang Dayi 953:box office 922:e-commerce 828:YouTube's 721:Zach Anner 633:newspapers 449:improve it 205:influencer 158:March 2024 147:Influencer 117:March 2024 105:Influencer 76:Influencer 3995:Celebrity 3970:NYMag.com 3871:167709180 3804:2062-5871 3758:March 25, 3748:VidCon US 3728:March 11, 3666:March 12, 3640:April 19, 3486:0261-3077 3457:March 29, 3427:March 29, 3398:158069963 3390:2452-3151 3042:April 11, 3012:April 11, 2982:April 11, 2922:April 11, 2891:April 11, 2861:April 11, 2831:August 6, 2807:April 11, 2757:148595992 2749:1354-8565 2635:March 25, 2625:1944-2424 2597:April 10, 2567:March 29, 2438:March 13, 2402:2056-3051 2339:0362-4331 2267:0030-8129 2228:167381412 2175:1939-2397 2115:219433187 2107:1525-2019 2023:168114871 1984:158069963 1976:2452-3151 1920:225776342 1848:March 13, 1696:250251697 1688:1552-7824 1607:The Verge 1513:198608820 1505:0265-0487 1303:example, 1243:(such as 1194:YouTubers 1154:streamers 1147:Kizuna AI 1132:Kizuna AI 1117:Keekihime 1109:Danceroid 1031:Net idols 912:based on 848:Hollywood 809:PewDiePie 805:YouTubers 789:PewDiePie 498:talk page 455:talk page 395:Instagram 294:Instagram 244:lifestyle 225:Instagram 183:, in 2014 181:YouTubers 3916:Newsweek 3822:30221539 3722:Archived 3697:July 10, 3691:Archived 3660:Archived 3634:Archived 3581:Archived 3551:Archived 3520:Archived 3496:April 7, 3490:Archived 3451:Archived 3421:Archived 3341:Archived 3315:Archived 3284:Archived 3253:Archived 3222:Archived 3197:June 18, 3165:July 10, 3137:July 13, 3131:Shueisha 3101:July 13, 3064:Kodansha 3036:Archived 3006:Archived 2976:Archived 2916:Archived 2912:BBC News 2885:Archived 2855:Archived 2801:Archived 2773:Archived 2706:June 27, 2700:Archived 2668:Archived 2653:Camgirls 2629:Archived 2591:Archived 2561:Archived 2531:Archived 2507:April 6, 2432:Archived 2410:64608249 2343:Archived 2304:Archived 2275:59355773 2183:59289264 2064:April 1, 2058:Archived 2027:Archived 1930:April 2, 1924:Archived 1842:Archived 1792:Archived 1761:Archived 1730:Archived 1700:Archived 1641:Archived 1617:April 9, 1611:Archived 1587:April 9, 1581:Archived 1576:CBS News 1549:Archived 1456:Archived 1452:Statista 1375:See also 1335:Thailand 1241:chatbots 1158:Hololive 1092:Niconico 1000:made by 986:BBC News 982:wanghong 964:wanghong 960:wanghong 918:wanghong 904:wanghong 892:wǎnghóng 874:Wanghong 868:Wanghong 857:— 811:uploads 799:channel. 793:YouTuber 776:YouTuber 704:public. 419:podcasts 403:Snapchat 354:bloggers 334:WhatsApp 310:Snapchat 290:Facebook 285:blogging 277:websites 270:and the 268:Internet 248:attitude 217:Facebook 209:Internet 43:reviewed 3813:6426373 3744:"About" 3311:dexerto 3075:May 12, 2952:May 18, 2797:ecns.cn 2537:May 19, 2527:Variety 2310:July 5, 1306:Tanacon 1300:Meetups 1245:ChatGPT 1142:VTubers 1123:VTubers 1096:odorite 1054:ネットアイドル 1006:Li Ziqi 906:economy 879:Chinese 830:AdSense 821:Variety 797:YouTube 737:MrBeast 647:scholar 411:YouTube 322:Discord 318:Twitter 298:YouTube 262:History 252:esports 221:YouTube 151:Discuss 110:discuss 3869: 3820: 3810: 3802: 3630:Glossy 3606:. CNBC 3526:May 5, 3484: 3417:Forbes 3396: 3388: 3158:Oricon 2755: 2747: 2660: 2623: 2461: 2408: 2400: 2337: 2273: 2265: 2226: 2181: 2173: 2113: 2105: 2021: 1982: 1974: 1918: 1908: 1694: 1686: 1511: 1503: 1318:VidCon 1293:VidCon 1168:Income 1162:VShojo 1136:VTuber 1115:, and 972:Taobao 889:: 887:pinyin 881:: 842:book, 813:gaming 649: 642: 635: 628: 620: 415:TikTok 413:, and 399:Twitch 332:, and 330:WeChat 314:TikTok 306:Twitch 302:Reddit 229:TikTok 227:, and 177:VidCon 3948:WIRED 3867:S2CID 3394:S2CID 2753:S2CID 2406:S2CID 2271:S2CID 2224:S2CID 2179:S2CID 2111:S2CID 2019:S2CID 1980:S2CID 1916:S2CID 1692:S2CID 1544:Wired 1509:S2CID 1179:is a 1081:踊ってみた 1047:Japan 908:is a 654:JSTOR 640:books 425:Types 326:Viber 203:, or 145:into 143:moved 99:split 3978:2018 3956:2018 3925:2018 3903:2018 3818:PMID 3800:ISSN 3760:2019 3730:2019 3699:2020 3668:2022 3642:2021 3612:2024 3589:2020 3559:2020 3528:2021 3498:2019 3482:ISSN 3459:2019 3429:2019 3386:ISSN 3349:2022 3323:2022 3292:2022 3261:2022 3230:2022 3199:2023 3167:2023 3139:2023 3121:NEET 3103:2023 3077:2021 3044:2018 3014:2018 2984:2018 2954:2020 2924:2018 2893:2018 2863:2018 2833:2015 2809:2018 2745:ISSN 2708:2019 2676:2019 2658:ISBN 2637:2019 2621:ISSN 2599:2019 2569:2019 2539:2019 2509:2019 2459:ISBN 2440:2020 2398:ISSN 2351:2020 2335:ISSN 2312:2010 2263:ISSN 2171:ISSN 2103:ISSN 2066:2021 2035:2019 1972:ISSN 1932:2022 1906:ISBN 1875:2023 1850:2020 1800:2020 1769:2020 1738:2022 1708:2022 1684:ISSN 1649:2020 1619:2019 1589:2019 1557:2019 1501:ISSN 1464:2021 1295:2017 1249:bots 1160:and 1086:lit. 1039:and 947:US$ 898:lit. 780:Vlog 778:and 739:and 626:news 407:VSCO 3934:at 3857:hdl 3849:doi 3808:PMC 3792:doi 3376:doi 2781:CNN 2779:at 2735:doi 2388:hdl 2378:doi 2255:doi 2251:126 2214:hdl 2206:doi 2161:hdl 2153:doi 2093:doi 2011:doi 1962:doi 1898:doi 1676:doi 1491:doi 1333:in 1102:踊り手 1045:In 1027:). 942:CN¥ 711:or 609:by 336:. 246:or 187:An 153:) 149:. ( 112:) 108:. ( 45:on 3991:: 3967:. 3945:. 3913:. 3892:. 3865:. 3855:. 3845:21 3843:. 3839:. 3816:. 3806:. 3798:. 3786:. 3782:. 3768:^ 3746:. 3720:. 3716:. 3689:. 3685:. 3628:. 3575:. 3549:. 3545:. 3514:. 3488:. 3480:. 3476:. 3445:. 3419:. 3415:. 3392:. 3384:. 3372:39 3370:. 3366:. 3339:. 3313:. 3309:. 3282:. 3278:. 3251:. 3247:. 3220:. 3216:. 3093:. 3061:. 3030:. 3004:. 3000:. 2974:. 2970:. 2940:. 2914:. 2910:. 2883:. 2879:. 2853:. 2849:. 2799:. 2795:. 2751:. 2743:. 2731:24 2729:. 2725:. 2698:. 2684:^ 2666:. 2627:. 2615:. 2589:. 2585:. 2555:. 2525:. 2495:. 2430:. 2426:. 2404:. 2396:. 2386:. 2372:. 2368:. 2341:. 2333:. 2329:. 2302:. 2298:. 2292:. 2269:. 2261:. 2249:. 2245:. 2222:. 2212:. 2202:25 2200:. 2177:. 2169:. 2159:. 2147:. 2109:. 2101:. 2089:20 2087:. 2083:. 2056:. 2052:. 2025:. 2017:. 2007:15 2005:. 2001:. 1978:. 1970:. 1958:39 1956:. 1952:. 1940:^ 1922:. 1914:. 1904:. 1892:. 1866:. 1840:. 1836:. 1790:. 1786:. 1759:. 1755:. 1728:. 1724:. 1698:. 1690:. 1682:. 1672:51 1670:. 1666:. 1635:. 1605:. 1573:. 1547:. 1541:. 1521:^ 1507:. 1499:. 1487:39 1485:. 1481:. 1454:. 1450:. 1255:. 1119:. 1111:, 1084:, 1057:, 895:; 885:; 883:网红 458:. 409:, 405:, 401:, 397:, 328:, 324:, 320:, 316:, 312:, 308:, 304:, 300:, 296:, 292:, 235:. 223:, 219:, 199:, 195:, 41:, 3980:. 3958:. 3927:. 3905:. 3873:. 3859:: 3851:: 3824:. 3794:: 3788:7 3762:. 3732:. 3701:. 3670:. 3644:. 3614:. 3591:. 3561:. 3530:. 3500:. 3461:. 3431:. 3400:. 3378:: 3351:. 3325:. 3294:. 3263:. 3232:. 3201:. 3169:. 3141:. 3105:. 3079:. 3046:. 3016:. 2986:. 2956:. 2926:. 2895:. 2865:. 2835:. 2811:. 2759:. 2737:: 2710:. 2678:. 2639:. 2601:. 2571:. 2541:. 2511:. 2467:. 2442:. 2412:. 2390:: 2380:: 2374:3 2353:. 2314:. 2277:. 2257:: 2230:. 2216:: 2208:: 2185:. 2163:: 2155:: 2149:8 2117:. 2095:: 2068:. 2037:. 2013:: 1986:. 1964:: 1934:. 1900:: 1877:. 1852:. 1802:. 1771:. 1740:. 1710:. 1678:: 1651:. 1621:. 1591:. 1559:. 1515:. 1493:: 1466:. 1105:) 1099:( 1078:( 1063:) 1051:( 928:( 877:( 694:) 688:( 676:) 670:( 665:) 661:( 651:· 644:· 637:· 630:· 603:. 574:) 568:( 563:) 559:( 549:. 519:) 513:( 508:) 504:( 500:. 490:. 465:) 461:( 160:) 156:( 119:) 115:( 80:. 66:. 49:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index