300:"Social networking service" is a very broad term, branching out to websites based on many different aspects. One aspect that is possible on all social networking sites is the possibility of an internet relationship. These sites enable users to search for new connections based on location, education, experiences, hobbies, age, gender, and more. This allows individuals meeting each other to already have some characteristic in common. These sites usually allow for people who do not know each other to "add" each other as a connection or friend and to send each other messages. This connection can lead to more communication between two individuals. An immense amount of information about the individuals can be found directly on their social network profile. Proving those individuals include plentiful and accurate information about themselves, people in online relationships can find out much about each other by viewing profiles and "about me's". Communication between individuals can become more frequent, thus forming some type of relationship via the internet. This relationship can turn into an acquaintance, a friendship, a romantic relationship, or even a business partnership.
172:, "the period between New Year's Day and Valentine's Day is busiest six weeks of the year". Changes that online dating companies have created include not only the increase of pickiness in singles, but the rise in interracial marriages and spread the acceptance of homosexual individuals. Dating sites "are a place where sexual minorities, inter-sexed people and gay people are enjoying a newly found freedom". Several studies have shown the availability of online dating to produce a greater closeness and intimacy between individuals because it circumvents barriers that face-to-face interactions might have. "Participating in personal relationships online allow for almost full freedom from power relations in the offline/real world."
205:, reported the results of their research and observation of over 35,000 individuals between the ages of 6 and 24 who have been or currently are a part of an internet relationship about which they had concerns, and consequently contacted an organization that provided online support. Of the final 346 posts chosen to be included in the study, the average age of online users sharing information about their online relationship(s) was 14 years old. The overwhelming result was that children and youth consider their online relationships to be just as "real" as their offline relationships. The study also showed that the internet plays a crucial role in sexual and romantic experiences of this population of adolescent users.
522:
serious, with greater feelings of commitment, than the cyber-relationship participants. Both groups, however, reported similar levels of satisfaction and potential for 'emotional growth' with regard to romantic relationships. Cornwell and
Lundgren went on to ask about whether the participants had misrepresented themselves to their partner in a number of areas: their interests (e.g. hobbies, musical tastes); their age; their background; their appearance and 'mis-presentation of yourself in any other way' (p. 203). Participants responded using either yes or no to each question, and their score was summed into a misrepresentation measure. The results can be found below:
381:, she observes players that meets on the internet and ended up developing a relationship throughout the process of playing the video game. People from all across the world can meet up in a virtual platform, and even starting a relationship. Technologies has really brought people closer with one another, and creating a great environment. Nardi talks about one of her guild members named Zeke who was engaged to Malore that they met in a dungeon run. "I had not seen that there might be anything other than emoting going on, and told him I was married. Zeke then revealed that he was engaged to Malore (whom he had met in
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an online relationship. Furthermore, as the internet has become a worldwide phenomenon, many people can interact with others around the world, or find someone who fits their radar or their type, if there is no one who they find physically or emotionally attractive in their own area. The internet allows for interaction of many different people so there is greater chance of finding someone more attractive. The
Internet "enhances face-to-face and telephone communication as network members become more aware of each others' needs and stimulate their relationships through more frequent contact".
228:. This opens up time to travel and experience things without the burden of a relationship. As of 1996, more than 20% of Canadians "were not living in the same census subdivision as they were five years earlier" and as of 1998, more than half of employed Canadians worried "they not have enough time to spend with their family and friends". Due to an increase in many businesses requiring their employees to travel, singles, often young professionals, find online dating websites to be the perfect answer to their "problem", states Brym and Lenton.
459:, computer-mediated communications can work for people. While online interactions take roughly four times longer than face-to-face interactions, this gives users the opportunity to evaluate and the time to think, making sure they say the perfect response. Thus, chronemics is the only verbal clue available to digital communications. With the focus on conversation and not appearance, digital interactions over time will develop higher levels of intimacy than face-to-face interactions.
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have felt uncomfortable due to social constraints or fear of possible repercussions. Most internet sites containing personal profiles require individuals to fill in "personal information" sections. Often these sections include a series of multiple choice questions. Due to the anonymity of these virtual profiles, individuals are more frequent to 'role'-play at being one of the predefined 'types', although offline, reservations may inhibit the individual from sharing true answers.
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an internet relationship is sustained via computer or online service, and the individuals in the relationship may or may not ever meet each other in person. Otherwise, the term is quite broad and can include relationships based upon text, video, audio, or even virtual character. This relationship can be between people in different regions, different countries, different sides of the world, or even people who reside in the same area but do not communicate in person.
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have existed otherwise because of their lack of comfort with interpersonal situations in general. When these relationships emerge into face-to-face relationships it is hard to distinguish these relationships from those that started as face-to-face interactions. Future studies on this topic may allow scholars to define whether or not society is becoming too dependent on the
Internet as a social tool. Those relationships are also found for people suffering from
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244:, which is a virtual sex encounter in which two or more individuals who are connected remotely via computer network send each other sexually explicit messages describing a sexual experience. This can also include individuals communicating sexually via video or audio. Some websites offer a cybersex service, where a patron pays the website owner in exchange for an online sexual experience with another person.
146:. YouTube began the surge of video streaming sites in 2005 and within three years, smaller web developers started implementing video sharing on their sites. Internet dating sites have benefitted greatly since the surge in easiness and accessibility of picture and video uploading. Videos and pictures are equally important for most personal profiles. These profiles can be found on sites used for
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occur either within the context of existing or intimate relationships, e.g. among lovers who are geographically separated, or among individuals who have no prior knowledge of one another and meet in virtual spaces or cyberspaces and may even remain anonymous to one another. In some contexts cybersex is enhanced by the use of a webcam to transmit real-time video of the partners.
59:, "the Internet was originally established to expedite communication between governmental scientists and defense experts, and was not at all intended to be the popular 'interpersonal mass medium' it has become", yet new and revolutionary devices enabling the mass public to communicate online are constantly being developed and released.
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participants expressed interest in seeking fun, companionship, and someone to talk to. Most also reported interests in developing casual friendships and dating relationships with online partners. Substantially fewer reported using the
Internet for the specific purposes of identifying potential sexual or marital partners."
773:. This synthesis produced a different outcome than the one that Kraut had originally presented. The studies like Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity report (2000) indicate that people who are constantly practicing virtual sexual stimulation losing the social stigma and approval that they experience problems
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Some see a major negative impact resulting in an increased use of internet communication is of its diversion of true community because online interaction via computers is often regarded as a more impersonal communication medium than face-to-face communication. Others consider the incorporation of the
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A plethora of virtual sexual identities are represented in online profiles. The amount of personal information users are being asked to provide is constantly increasing. More and more online users are starting to explore and experiment with aspects of their sexual identities, whereas before, they may
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cues present in a face-to-face conversation, such as pauses or gestures, participants in instant messaging may type over one another's messages without necessarily waiting for a cue to talk. Also, with or without the correct grammar, tone and context can be misunderstood. Recently people who already
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to discover the different perceptions of internet relationships based on gender differences. Through their study they found internet affairs were considered less of an affair than a physical relationship. Through the results from the same study Parker and
Wampler also concluded that women considered
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or the "electronic highway" for business transactions in the United States. The
Internet has increased organizational involvement by facilitating the flow of information between face-to-face meetings and allowing for people to arrange meetings at virtually any given time. Socially, it has stimulated
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There are religion forums, music forums, car forums, and countless other topics. These forums elicit communication between individuals no matter the location, gender, ethnicity, etc. although some do include age restrictions. Through these forums people may comment on each other's topics or threads,
397:
is a website that includes conversations in the form of posted messages. Forums can be for general chatting or can be broken down into categories and topics. They can be used to ask questions, post opinions, or debate topics. Forums include their own jargon, for example a conversation is a "thread".
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between people across long distances. The internet combined the advantages of both mail and telephone, unifying the speed of the telephone with the written character of the mail service. The evolution of communication within the
Internet has arguably changed the nature of individuals' relationships
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much more severe than the men did. Internet affairs and physical contact affairs are similar because they both involve another partner. "The primary difference between an internet affair and an affair is that in an affair, the couple meet to engage in the relationship. With internet affairs, on the
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do in order to prey on victims. Despite the awareness of dangers, Mishna et al. found children and youth to still partake in online relationships with little care or concern for negative effects. Brym and Lenton also claim that "although true identities are usually concealed, they sometimes decide
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do not exist. Whereas those could hinder an individual in face-to-face encounters, an
Internet interaction negates this and allows the individual freedom. Research has shown that stigmas such as these can make a large impact on first impressions in face-to-face meeting, and this does not apply with
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and equality, which people search for in a relationship, and this is often easier to achieve online than face to face, although not all disclosures are responded to positively. Individuals are able to engage in more self-disclosure than an average interaction, because a person can share their inner
231:
Erik
Shipmon, author of “Why Do People Date Online?", exclaims, "the Internet is the ultimate singles' bar—without the noise, the drunks, and the high cost of all those not-so-happy hours. Nor, thanks to online dating membership sites, do you have to depend on your friends and family to hook you up
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However, a study published in the journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2012, looked at about 19,000 married people and those who met their spouse online said their marriage was more satisfying than those who met their spouse offline. Plus, marriages that began online were less
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There have also been many studies done to observe online daters and their reason for turning to the internet to look for romantic partners. According to Robert J. Brym and Rhonda L. Lenton, users of online games, websites, and other virtual communities are encouraged to conceal their identities and
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relationships. This relationship can be romantic, platonic, or even based on business affairs. An internet relationship (or online relationship) is generally sustained for a certain amount of time before being titled a relationship, just as in-person relationships. The major difference here is that
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Engaging in internet relationships is also risky because the information placed online about an individual does not have to be accurate. An individual can formulate an entirely different persona and pose as this person as long as they desire. This can be hurtful to individuals who are honest about
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tend to lead to closer and high quality relationships which influence face-to-face encounters. In essence, these findings meant that although it is not clear whether the internet helps reclusive people develop better social skills, it does allow reclusive people to form relationships that may not
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live via the user's profile for the site. The inclusion of videos and pictures has become almost a necessity for sexual social networking sites to maintain the loyalty of their members. It is appealing to internet users to be able to view and share videos, especially when forming relationships or
133:
Internet dating is very relevant in the lives of many individuals worldwide. A major benefit in the rise of Internet dating is the decrease in prostitution. People no longer need to search on the streets to find casual relationships. They can find them online if that is what they desire. Internet
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Cybersex sometimes includes real life masturbation. The quality of a cybersex encounter typically depends upon the participants' abilities to evoke a vivid, visceral mental picture in the minds of their partners. Imagination and suspension of disbelief are also critically important. Cybersex can
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sites are at fault for the "rising divorce rates and growth in casual dating". Biderman argued that the idea for Ashleymadison.com came to him when he realized the growing number of people on "mainstream dating sites" were married or in a relationship but posing as singles in order to start an
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In an empirical study of commitment and misrepresentation on the Internet, Cornwell and Lundgren (2001) surveyed 80 chat-room users. Half about their 'realspace' relationships, and half about their cyberspace relationships. They found that 'realspace' relationships were considered to be more
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reports the results of a study conducted by Robert J. Stephure, Susan D. Boon, Stacy L. MacKinnon, and Vicki L. Deveau on types of relationships online participants were seeking. They concluded that "when asked what they were looking for in an online relationship, the considerable majority of
723:, but this required a redefinition of the terms “meet” and “face-to-face.” These virtual communities allowed people to effortlessly access others, and in many ways to feel better connected, feel that they receive greater support from others, and to obtain emotional satisfaction from their
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thoughts, feelings and beliefs and be met with less disapproval and fewer sanctions online than is the case in face-to-face encounters. Researcher Cooper termed this type of relationship as a "Triple A Engine" implying that internet relationships are accessible, affordable, and anonymous.
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In many cases the introduction of the Internet as a social instigator may cause a repercussion leading to a weakening of social ties. In a study conducted in 1998, Robert Kraut et al. discovered that Internet users were becoming less socially involved. They linked this to an increase in
385:) but that the relationship was not going well." (Nardi, Page 165) Zeke's relationship Malore happened due to the fact that Zeke had several accounts in the game and apparently he was able to flirt with Malore while using different characters to run down the dungeon with her.
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dating websites offer matchmaking services for people to find love or whatever else they may be looking for. The creation of the internet and its progressive innovations have opened up doors for people to meet other people who they may very well have never met otherwise.
735:. However, it does have several obvious problems for people to communicate with others. The representative limitation of this way of communications is that it cannot contain people's diverse emotions completely, so it can cause diverse misunderstanding between people.
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An oft-forgotten aspect of online interactions is the possible danger present. The option for an individual to conceal their identity may be harmless in many cases, but it can also lead to extremely dangerous situations. Hidden identities are often used in cases of
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other than dating as well. "The body, although graphically absent, does not have to be any less present." Older and less advanced sites usually still allow, and often require, each user to upload a picture. Newer and more advanced sites offer the possibility of
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learn things about themselves that they never knew before. With a concealed identity, an online user can be whoever they want to be at that exact moment. They have the ability to venture outside of their comfort zone and act as someone completely different.
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was, that rather than helping to decrease the difference between those who already had social skills compared with those lacking in social skills, internet use had actually exacerbated the differences in the skill level needed for social interaction.
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have reported that the dating industry brings in an estimate of 3-4 billion dollars yearly from membership fees and advertisements. The range of dating sites has expanded vastly over the past two decades. There are dating websites that focus on the
168:, mediated matchmaking has been around since the mid-1800s. Online dating was made available in the mid-1990s, with the creation of the first dating sites. These dating sites create a space for liberation of sexuality. According to Sam Yagan of
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in relation to use of the Internet. Though these findings may have been sound, in a later study, Kraut et al. revisited his original study with the idea of expanding his current initial sample and correlating it with new subsequently collected
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Social capital researchers have found that "various forms of social capital, including ties with friends and neighbors, are related to indices of psychological well-being, such as self-esteem and satisfaction with life". Then, the use of a
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In this newer paper, Kraut stated that there were fewer negative affects than he had originally found, and in some cases the negative effect had vanished. In the second study he saw that small positive effects began to appear in social
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internet allowing online activities to be "viewed as an extension of offline activities". The multiple techniques that humans use to communicate, such as taking turns or nodding in agreement, are absent in these settings. Without the
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defines social capital as "the aggregate of the actual or potential resources which are linked to possession of a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition."
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Laurenceau, JP; Barrett, LF; Pietromonaco, PR (May 1998). "Intimacy as an interpersonal process: the importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges".
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Wellman, Barry; ANAbel Quan Haase; James Witte; Keith Hampton (1 November 2001). "Does the Internet Increase, Decrease, or Supplement Social Capital? : Social Networks, Participation, and Community Commitment".
336:.) These games enable individuals to create a character that represents them and interact with other characters played by real individuals, while at the same time carrying out the tasks and goals of the actual game.
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During the Kraut et al. study, the researchers asked reclusive people if they use the Internet to counteract the loss of social skills that are needed in face-to-face encounters. They also asked people with strong
509:, particularly in the early stages of a relationship when commitment is low, and self-presentation and enhancement agendas are paramount. After receiving many complaints about his social networking site
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do know all, or many of their "friends" (Facebook) or "connections" (LinkedIn) etc. in person. However, sometimes internet relationships are formed through these services, including but not limited to:
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interaction, is essentially impersonal." He put forward the idea that in a society within the virtual world, participants lack the necessary honesty it would take to create a "real" virtual community.
685:. Online relationships have also changed which effective strategies we use to perform maintenance on our relationships, depending on the exclusivity of the internet the relationship. In the past,
835:. These studies show that people who have trouble meeting similar others, not only the 'socially inept', are using the internet to create stronger and more extensive interpersonal relationships.
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amongst people. The study discovered that these people who already possessed strong social skills were the ones who received the most beneficial outcome to using the Internet. The concluding
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Games create social spaces for people of various ages, with userbases often crossing age brackets. Most of these games enable individuals to chat with each other, as well as form groups and
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Rather than having many devices for different uses and ways of interacting, communicating online is more accessible and cheaper by having an Internet function built into one device, such as
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problems. For example, suicidal people were more likely to go online in search of new interpersonal relationships and to seek interpersonal help. Similar findings were found for suicidal
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Even in work settings, the introduction of the internet has established easier and sometimes more practical forms of communicating. The internet is often referred to as a vehicle for
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644:. Some people consider internet relationships to be classified as an affair while others claim contact affairs are much more serious. Trent Parker and Karen Wampler conducted a
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their identities and believe that they are in a positive relationship or friendship with the individual. This concept has been most recently illustrated on the television show,
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Online gaming elicits the introduction of many different types of people in one interface. A common type of online game where individuals form relationships is the MMORPG, or a
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Wright, Kevin B. (2004). "On-line Relational Maintenance Strategies and Perceptions of Partners Within Exclusively Internet Based and Primarily Internet Based Relationships".
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adapted internet-based communication have missed face-to-face interactions because this traditional way of communication is able to offer advancement in our relationships.
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Englehardt, E.E. (2001), Ethical Issues in Interpersonal Communication: Friends, Intimates, Sexuality, Marriage, and Family, Hartcourt College Publishers, Fort Worth, TX,
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Tice, D. M.; Butler, J. L.; Muarven, M. B.; Stillwell, A.M. (1995). "When modesty prevails: differential favourability of self-representation to friends and strangers".
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Mishna, Faye; Alan McLuckie; Michael Saini (June 2009). "Real- World Dangers in an Online Reality: A Qualitative Study Examining Online Relationships and Cyber Abuse".
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positive change in people's lives by creating new forms of online interaction and enhancing offline relationships worldwide, allowing for better and more efficient
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McKenna, Katelyn Y. A.; Bargh, John A. (1 February 2000). "Plan 9 From Cyberspace: The Implications of the Internet for Personality and Social Psychology".
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and psychological well-being. Assessing the effect of the Internet over a period of time, he saw people's use of the Internet increase in sophistication.
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use the internet to create an initial contact which allows them to explore their “true self" within these interactions. These social interactions within
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Cornwell, B.; Lundgren, D. C. (2001). "Love on the Internet: involvement and misrepresentation in romantic relationships in cyberspace vs. real-space".
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Albright, Julie M (2008). "Sex in America Online: An Exploration of Sex, Marital Status, and Sexual Identity in Internet Sex Seeking and its Impacts".
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Parker, Trent S.; Wampler, Karen S. (2003). "How Bad Is It? Perceptions Of The Relationship Impact Of Different Types Of Internet Sexual Activities".
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McKenna, Katelyn Y. A.; Bargh, John A. (1 September 1999). "Causes and Consequences of Social Interaction on the Internet: A Conceptual Framework".
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McKenna, K. Y. A.; Bargh, J. A. (1998). "Coming out in the age of the Internet: Identity "demarginalization" through virtual group participation".
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has become one of its prime uses. It has become a ubiquitous force in people's everyday lives due to the increase in the regularity and quality of
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have been transformed into virtual interfaces that allow an individual to play against people across the internet, as well as chatting with them.
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Harris, K. M. (2013). "Sexuality and suicidality: Matched-pairs analyses reveal unique characteristics in non-heterosexual suicidal behaviors".
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747:. Beniger questioned whether these virtual communities were "real" or were pseudo communities, "a pattern relating that, while looking highly
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Lebie, Linda; Jonathan A. Rhoades; Joseph E. Mcgrath (31 October 1995). "Interaction Process in Computer-Mediated and Face-to-Face Groups".
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with people they think would be perfect for you—and who wouldn't be perfect for, well, anyone, which is why they are still unattached”.
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Harris, K. M.; McLean, J. P.; Sheffield, J. (2009). "Examining suicide-risk individuals who go online for suicide-related purposes".
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Although the availability of uploading videos to the internet is not a new innovation, it has been made easier since 2008 thanks to
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The average life expectancy has been on a rise, leaving many young singles feeling as if they have plenty of time to find a
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Walther, Joseph B.; Anderson, Jeffrey F.; Park, David W. (1994). "Interpersonal Effects in Computer-Mediated Interaction".
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117:. Synchronous communication occurs when two or more participants are interacting in real time via voice or text chat.
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Kraut, Robert; Kiesler, Sara; Boneva, Bonka; Cummings, Jonathon; Helgeson, Vicki; Crawford, Anne (1 January 2002).
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Paper for 45th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, 1995, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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539:. Concealing one's true identity is also a technique that can be used to manipulate the person's new online
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could help to retain it. For instance, Cummings, Lee and Kraut have shown that communication services like
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Real-World Dangers in an Online Reality: A Qualitative Study Examining Online Relationships and Cyber Abuse
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began forming, this process generated a new type of social space where people could still apparently meet
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366:. This interaction can lead to further communication, turning into a friendship or romantic relationship.
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Social networking has enabled people to connect with each other via the internet. Sometimes, members of a
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Aboujaoude, E. (2011). Virtually you: The dangerous powers of the e-personality. New York: W. W. Norton.
431:, research has shown that personal disclosures create a greater sense of intimacy. This gives a sense of
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This theory was later challenged in a study, by McKenna et al., that indicated that people who are more
497:"help college students to remain close to their high school friends after they leave home for college".
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78:. Other ways of communicating online with these devices are via services and applications such as
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made communication possible without the necessity of physical presence, and the invention of the
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are another type of popular online game that allow individuals to socialize with other players.
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Some of these ways of communicating online are asynchronous (meaning not in real time), such as
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Kraut, R; Patterson, M; Lundmark, V; Kiesler, S; Mukopadhyay, T; Scherlis, W (September 1998).
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Online games other than MMORPGs can elicit internet relationships as well. Card games such as
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other hand, the couple rarely meet. This offers a unique advantage to internet affairs."
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and with further communication form a friendship, partnership, or romantic relationship.
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into convincing them that they are someone completely different. This is something most
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Bonnie Nardi emphasizes the significance of online relationships in the video game "
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Many types of internet relationships are possible in today's world of technology.
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Online, barriers that might stand in the way of a potential relationship such as
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In 1987, this understanding of social spaces was challenged by scholars such as
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of certain groups of people based on religion, sexual preference, race, etc.
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241:
39:
398:
Different forums also have different lingo and styles of communicating.
1948:
732:
356:
352:
278:
266:
169:
143:
114:
110:
43:
1978:(4th print. ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. pp. 81–118.
641:
540:
71:
35:
1415:
Pennebaker, James W. (1989). "Confession, Inhibition, and Disease".
952:
Online communication : linking technology, identity and culture
681:, and it has changed the way people connect to one another in their
1734:
Ellison, Nicole B.; Steinfield, Charles; Lampe, Cliff (July 2007).
921:"Gender, Pseudonyms, and CMC: Masking Identities and Baring Souls"
675:
290:
240:
Some people who are in an online relationship also participate in
87:
83:
79:
640:
Internet affairs offer a new perspective on the definition of an
195:
Faye Mishna, Alan McLuckie, and Michael Saini, co-authors of the
832:
686:
57:
Gender, Pseudonyms, and CMC: Masking Identities and Baring Souls
1119:"How has Internet dating changed society? An Insider's Look"
113:
and some are synchronous (immediate communication), such as
2327:
Virtual methods: issues in social research on the Internet
876:"Loosing friends on https://bit.ly/2Exn2c8 (2019)facebook"
1860:
1858:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1150:
Electronic Cloak: Secret Sexual Deviance in Cybersociety
2303:
Schnarch, D (1997). "Sex, intimacy, and the internet".
1684:
Bargh, John A.; McKenna, Katelyn Y. A. (11 July 2003).
334:
List of massively multiplayer online role-playing games
874:
Quercia, Daniele; Bodaghi, Mansoureh; Crowcroft, Jon.
1023:
International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
1417:
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Volume 22
1050:"Online dating has changed everything, author says"
42:. Online relationships are similar in many ways to
2150:"Cybersex Gives Birth to a Psychological Disorder"
674:. The internet has also created a new approach to
1174:Love Online: A Report On Digital Dating in Canada
38:, and in many cases know each other only via the
2383:Handbook of the Clinical Treatment of Infidelity
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
98:, asynchronous discussion groups, online games,
1997:
1995:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
789:whether they use the Internet to amplify their
27:Relationship between people who have met online
310:massively multiplayer online role-playing game
209:Success of dating websites and social networks
34:is a relationship between people who have met
8:
2172:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1784:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1374:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
1571:
1569:
975:
973:
971:
950:Wood, Andrew F.; Smith, Matthew J. (2001).
2358:. Oxford University Press. pp. 217–.
2355:The Oxford handbook of Internet psychology
1740:Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
1211:Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
505:The Internet provides the opportunity for
185:Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
2060:
1767:Cummings, J.; Lee, J.; Kraut, R. (2006).
1751:
1592:
1283:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1222:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
55:According to J. Michael Jaffe, author of
1513:Personality and Social Psychology Review
927:. University of Michigan. Archived from
564:
192:likely to end in separation or divorce.
866:
1705:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141922
1450:
1440:
1084:Shaefer, Laura J. (14 February 2003).
986:. Idea Group Inc. (IGI). p. 398.
900:
899:
888:
1086:"Looking for Love, Online or On Paer"
7:
954:. Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum. p. 37.
658:Effects on face-to-face interactions
552:to meet and interact in real life".
457:social information processing theory
2386:. Psychology Press. pp. 178–.
1937:Computer Supported Cooperative Work
1360:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 368.
1048:Jayson, Sharon (January 23, 2013).
649:sexual internet activities such as
1970:Stone, Allucquere Rosanne (1991).
25:
1180:. Toronto: Msn.ca. Archived from
526:Dangers of internet relationships
485:More than helping to improve the
1753:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
1224:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01457.x
715:In 1991, Stone argued that when
2352:Adam N. Joinson (17 May 2007).
980:Romm- Livermore, Celia (2009).
312:. Some examples of MMORPGs are
252:Social networking relationships
164:According to an article in the
2324:Christine Hine (8 July 2005).
2317:10.1080/01614576.1997.11074166
1974:. In Benedikt, Michael (ed.).
1686:"The Internet and Social Life"
1:
1976:Cyberspace : first steps
1826:10.1016/s0747-5632(00)00040-6
1580:American Behavioral Scientist
1425:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60309-3
1153:. Oregon: William Publishing.
455:According to Joseph Walter's
2199:Archives of Suicide Research
2111:"Internet Paradox Revisited"
2440:Interpersonal relationships
2242:Archives of Sexual Behavior
2148:Brody, Jane (16 May 2000).
2071:10.1037/0003-066X.53.9.1017
1867:Contemporary Family Therapy
1814:Computers in Human Behavior
1796:10.1037/0022-3514.69.6.1120
1693:Annual Review of Psychology
1525:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0401_6
1386:10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1238
1309:"Why do people date online"
1035:10.13140/RG.2.2.13078.32327
389:Online forums and chatrooms
148:interpersonal relationships
2461:
2184:10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.681
2019:10.1177/009365087014003005
1771:. Oxford University Press.
1638:10.1177/009365094021004002
1560:10.1207/s1532785xmep0103_4
1331:European Accounting Review
883:ACM Web Science Conference
806:Assisting reclusive people
662:Since the creation of the
478:could help to improve the
406:Professional relationships
138:Dating website innovations
96:social networking services
2254:10.1007/s10508-013-0112-2
2211:10.1080/13811110903044419
2049:The American Psychologist
1914:10.1080/10510970409388617
1603:10.1177/00027640121957286
1482:10.1080/00224490801987481
1147:DiMarco, Heather (2003).
845:Social networking service
695:synchronous communication
612:Physical Characteristics
491:social networking service
476:social networking service
258:social networking service
2305:Journal of Sex Education
2115:Journal of Social Issues
1171:Brym, Robert J. (2001).
1014:Kreps, David G. (2023).
755:Weakening of social ties
571:Cyberspace relationship
568:Misrepresentation of...
2127:10.1111/1540-4560.00248
1879:10.1023/A:1027360703099
1470:Journal of Sex Research
1343:10.1080/096381899336104
574:Realspace relationship
441:physical attractiveness
379:participant observation
2435:Intimate relationships
2330:. Berg. pp. 22–.
2007:Communication Research
1664:"The Forms of Capital"
1626:Communication Research
739:Pseudocommunity theory
429:intimate relationships
417:business communication
121:Types of relationships
51:Technological advances
1902:Communication Studies
1356:Cronin, Mary (1995).
343:and board games like
32:internet relationship
1294:10.1093/swr/33.2.107
1272:Social Work Research
559:Catfish: The TV Show
464:The Forms of Capital
326:Final Fantasy Online
198:Social Work Research
931:on 1 September 2012
919:Jaffe, J. Michael.
717:virtual communities
711:Early positive view
18:Internet friendship
2154:The New York Times
1949:10.1007/BF00749744
1239:"Business Insider"
1128:. Courtland Brooks
1090:The New York Times
698:with one another.
412:investor relations
2413:978-0-393-07064-4
2393:978-0-7890-2995-9
2365:978-0-19-856800-1
2337:978-1-84520-085-5
1985:978-0-262-02327-6
1126:Scholarly Article
961:978-0-8058-3731-5
898:External link in
825:suicidal ideation
771:longitudinal data
646:qualitative study
633:
632:
507:misrepresentation
495:instant messaging
383:World of Warcraft
375:World of Warcraft
349:Virtual pet sites
314:World of Warcraft
92:instant messaging
16:(Redirected from
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1660:Bourdieu, Pierre
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1307:Shipmon, Erik.
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687:postal services
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489:, the use of a
467:Pierre Bourdieu
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214:Canaan Partners
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153:streaming media
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1991:
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1801:
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1774:
1759:
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1676:
1666:. Marxists.org
1651:
1632:(4): 460–487.
1616:
1594:10.1.1.24.3156
1587:(3): 436–455.
1565:
1554:(3): 249–269.
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1380:(5): 1238–51.
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1117:Brooks, Mark.
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487:social capital
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445:social anxiety
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395:Internet forum
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