397:. Female bonobos have been observed to engage in sexual activities to create bonds with dominant bonobos. Having created this bond with the male, they will share food with each other and not compete with each other. All members of a bonobo group are potential sex partners, regardless of age combination or gender combination. In "Biological Exuberance," Bagemihl writes: "when new females (usually adolescents) join a troop, they often pair up with an older female with whom they have most of their sexual and affectionate interactions." In addition, bonobos need not limit themselves to a single partner: "These bonds need not be exclusive – either party may have sex with other females or males – but such mentorlike pairings can last for a year or more until the newcomer is fully integrated into the troop." Pairings between younger and older male bonobos are also common: "typically an adolescent male spreads his legs and presents his erect penis to an adult male, who takes the shaft in his hand and caresses it with up-and-down movements."
598:
457:(MRI) has provided evidence proving that chemical changes that occur with emotions are similar between humans and non-human animals. In a study comparing guinea pigs and humans, it was determined that the distress experienced by offspring separation in a guinea pig and a human going through depression activates the same region of the brain. The opiate receptor was also examined, allowing observation of the pleasure stimuli. In the procedure both a human and a rat had their receptors blocked with a certain drug. Once receptors were blocked, both the rat and the human were exposed to pleasurable food, but both were disinclined to eat the food.
390:
each individual lion is dependent on the number of male lions found in their social group. Male lions create coalitions and search for prides to take over. Successful coalitions have usually created a strong bond with each other and will take over prides. Once winning in a competition, all current males in the pride will be kicked out and left to find another pride. While in search of another pride these males will often engage in sexual behavior with each other; creating a strong bond in this new coalition created.
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introduced into the hutch, she will masturbate upon it, thus preserving her normal health for one season. But if this artificial substitute is given to her a second season, she will not, as formerly, be content with it." ... Blumenbach observed a bear act somewhat similarly on seeing other bears coupling, and hyenas, according to Ploss and
Bartels, have been seen practicing mutual masturbation by licking each other's genitals.
487:
301:
816:, copulation by males is dorsoventral and the females lick the shaft or the base of the male's penis, but not the glans, which has already penetrated the vagina. While the females do this, the penis is not withdrawn and research has shown a positive relationship between length of the time that the penis is licked and the duration of copulation. Post copulation genital grooming has also been observed.
401:(although no pathology is involved) during which they actively participate in heterosexual mating (often with adults) but never get pregnant. Sexual behavior between adults and infants of both sexes is common - about a third of the time it is initiated by the infant and may involve genital rubbing and full copulatory postures (including penetration of an adult female by a male infant)."
580:. Morris (1970) also described one heterosexual orangutan dyad for whom all penetration was performed anally. However, the practice might have been a consequence of homosexual rearing, as the male orangutan in this dyad had had extensive same–sex experience. Anal insertion has also been observed among bonobo, with the observation described as 'anal intromission'.
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Slovenian
Academy of Sciences and Arts, who led the new study. GregoriÄŤ isn't sure what motivates the behavior, which has only been recorded in two other invertebrates: fruit flies and widow spiders. The practice hasn't been well-documented in widow spiders, so their bedroom habits don't make the darwini's proclivity for oral activities any less mysterious.
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between immature bonobo males and mature female bonobos increases with age and continues until the male bonobo has reached juvenile age. In contrast, adult gorillas do not show any sexual interest in juvenile or infant members of their species. Primates regularly have sex in full view of infants, juveniles and younger members of their species.
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632:. Attempting to inhibit or punish masturbation, for example by tying a brush to the area of the flank underside where the penis rubs into contact with the underside, which is still a common practice of horse managers regionally around the world, often leads to increased masturbation and disturbances of normal breeding behaviour.
885:, a professor of psychology at Emory University in Atlanta, says that such expressions of intimacy are consistent with the homosexual behaviour of what he terms "the erotic champions of the world". "Same-sex, opposite-sex — bonobos just love sex play," de Waal said in an interview. "They have so much sex, it gets boring."
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In a study concentrated on primate conflict resolution, researchers wanted to observe primates in conflict. How primates coped and resolved conflicts was a main concern in this study. Researchers stated that after primates participated in a heated, physical fight; both primates involved in the fight
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are known to engage in sex to create bonds and interact with each other. Lions live in a social group known as a pride that consists of 2–18 females and 1–7 males. The females found in these prides were born into the pride. The males enter the pride from other prides. The success of reproduction for
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Every time males engage in sex, they salivate on their mate's genitals. "In this spider species, the male first hooks his fang to female genitals, and then salivates into them. He repeats this behavior before, between and after copulation, up to 100 times in one mating," says MatjaĹľ GregoriÄŤ of the
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Periodic spontaneous erection and penile movements known as masturbation (SEAM) occur normally at approximately 90 min intervals in awake equids. ... The effects of aversive conditioning] are consistent with suppressed sexual arousal and reduced breeding efficiency. Semen volume and total number of
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Approximately eight percent of rams exhibit sexual preferences for male partners (male-oriented rams) in contrast to most rams, which prefer female partners (female-oriented rams). We identified a cell group within the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus of age-matched adult sheep that was
428:
All vertebrates share similarities in body structure; they all have a skeleton, a nervous system, a circulatory system, a digestive system and excretory system. Similar to humans, non-human animals also have a sensory system. The sensory system is responsible for the basic five senses from touch to
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Studies of the brain have proven that pleasure and displeasure are an important component in the lives of animals. It has been established that the limbic neural mechanism that generates reactions are very similar across all mammals. Many studies have concentrated on the brain reward system and how
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Homosexual behavior exists on a spectrum, and may or may not involve insertion. Apart from sexual activity, it can refer to homosexual pair-bonding, homosexual parenting and homosexual acts of affection. Engaging in homosexual behavior may allow species to obtain benefits such as gaining practice,
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have full mouth-to-mouth contact, and bonobos kiss with their mouth open and mutual tongue stimulation. There are a variety of acts to show affection such as
African elephants intertwining their trunks, giraffes engaging in "necking", and Hanuman langurs cuddling with each other in a front to back
424:
Evolutionary principles have predicted that the reward system is part of the proximate mechanism underlying the behavior. Because animals possess a brain reward system they are motivated to perform in different ways by desire and reinforced by pleasure. Animals establish security of food, shelter,
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Some animals opportunistically mate with individuals of another species. This is more commonly observed in domesticated species and animals in captivity, possibly because captivity is associated with a decrease in aggression and an increase in sexual receptivity. Nevertheless, animals in the wild
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I am informed by a gentleman who is a recognized authority on goats, that they sometimes take the penis into the mouth and produce actual orgasm, thus practicing autofellatio. As regards ferrets ... "if the bitch, when in heat, cannot obtain a dog she pines and becomes ill. If a smooth pebble is
498:
Engagements of sexual activities during non-breeding seasons have been observed in the animal kingdom. Dolphins and
Japanese macaques are two of the many species that engage in sexual activities that do not lead to fertilization. Great varieties of non-copulatory mounting are expressed in several
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Juvenile male chimpanzees have been recorded mounting and copulating with immature chimps. Infants in bonobo societies are often involved in sexual behaviour. Immature male bonobos have been recorded initiating genital play with both adolescent and mature female bonobos. Copulation-like contact
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Non-penetrative genital stimulation is very common throughout the animal kingdom. Different forms of self and partner genital stimulation have been observed in the animal kingdom. Oral sex has been observed throughout the animal kingdom, from dolphins to primates. Bonobos have been observed to
400:
Social pairings between youth and adult bonobos happen across gender combinations: "Both adult males and females interact sexually with adolescents and juveniles (three-to-nine-year-olds). In fact, young females go through a five-to-six-year period sometimes referred to as adolescent sterility
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that human males engage in. Such rubbing between males is thought, according to varying evolutionary theorists, to have existed before the development of hominids into humans and bonobos, and may or may not have occurred in the homosexual activity of both of these genetically related species.
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for both males and females. It is less common in birds. There are several techniques, in which animals engage in masturbation from using paws, feet, flippers, tails, and sometimes using objects like sticks, pebbles, and leaves. Masturbation occurs more often in primate species with large
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similar it is across mammals. Through extensive research, scientists have been able to conclude that the brain reward system in animals is extremely similar to that of humans. The mechanism of core pleasure reaction is significantly important for animals including humans.
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Perhaps the bonobo's most typical sexual pattern, undocumented in any other primate, is genito-genital rubbing (or GG rubbing) between adult females. One female facing another clings with arms and legs to a partner that, standing on both hands and feet, lifts her off the
1162:. Homosexual necrophilia has been reported between two male mallard ducks. One duck was believed to be pursuing another duck with the goal of rape (a common aspect of duck sexual behaviour) when the second duck collided with a window and died immediately. The observer,
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Expressions of affection are displayed in the animal kingdom as well. Affectionate behaviors do not include insertion or genital rubbing, but are still seen as a manner of sexual behavior. An affectionate activity can be as simple as licking. Male lions are known for
507:, bats engage in licking, and mountain sheep rub horns and faces with each other. Kissing, touching of noses, mouths and muzzles have been witnessed in African elephants, walruses, and mountain zebras. Primates also engage in kissing that is incredibly similar to
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or licking, sucking and/or nuzzling by a male of his own penis (Chimpanzees, Savanna
Bonobos, Vervet Monkeys, Squirrel Monkeys, Thinhorn Sheep, Bharal, Aovdad, Dwarf Cavies); stimulation of the penis by flipping or rubbing it against the belly or in its own
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tasting. Most of the physiological and biochemical responses found in animals are found in humans. Neurophysiologists have not found any fundamental difference between the structure and function of neurons and synapse between humans and other animals.
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to describe this type of sexual intimacy among female bonobos, and is stated to be the "bonobo's most typical sexual pattern, undocumented in any other primate". The term is sometimes used in reference to GG rubbing among male bonobos, under the term
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708:, as well as heterosexual and homosexual intercourse (especially in primates), often involves direct or indirect stimulation of the clitoris ... This organ is present in the females of all mammalian species and several other animal groups.
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species. Male lions engage in mounting with other male lions, especially when in search of another pride. The varieties of mounting include mounting without erections, mounting with erection but no insertion, and mounting from the side.
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Many birds masturbate by mounting and copulating with tufts of grass, leaves or mounds of earth, and some mammals such as primates and dolphins also rub their genitals against the ground or other surfaces to stimulate themselves.
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628:... involves normal periodic erections and penile movements. This behavior, both from the descriptive field studies cited above and in extensive study of domestic horses, is now understood as normal, frequent behavior of male
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are divisible into two kinds: the typical males among whom homosexual behaviour, including intercourse, is common and "effeminate sheep", or "behavioural transvestites", which are not known to engage in homosexual behaviour.
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Roselli, C. E.; Larkin, K.; Resko, J. A.; Stellflug, J. N.; Stormshak, F. (2003). "The Volume of a
Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus in the Ovine Medial Preoptic Area/Anterior Hypothalamus Varies with Sexual Partner Preference".
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were studied to find evidence of possible female copulatory orgasms. The frequency of orgasms did not correlate with the age or rank of the
Japanese macaques. Researchers observed that the longer and higher number of
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Miller, Edward H., Alberto Ponce de LeĂłn, and Robert L. Delong. "Violent interspecific sexual behavior by male sea lions (Otariidae): evolutionary and phylogenetic implications." Marine mammal science 12.3 (1996):
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A 2008 review of the literature found 44 species pairs that had been observed attempting interspecies mating, and 46 species pairs that had completed interspecies matings, not counting cases that had resulted in
544:(both in heterosexual and male homosexual dyads, i.e. pairs of animals) has been observed among some primate species. Male homosexual anal insertion has been recorded in Old World primate species, including
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374:, and acts of affection, although it is doubted that they have done this since the beginning of their existence. There have also been observations of sex with cub participants, as well as
617:
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Several species utilize sexual activity as a way to resolve disagreement. Bonobos are one species famously known for using sexual behavior as a means of resolution of social conflict.
1913:
Werner, Dennis (2001). "Chapter 13: The evolution of male homosexuality and its implications for human psychological and cultural variations". In Sommer, Volker; Vasey, Paul (eds.).
758:. Although easily confused by laypeople, autofellatio and oral sex are separate, sexually oriented behaviors, distinct from non-sexual grooming or the investigation of scents.
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DelBarco-Trillo, J., Gulewicz, K., Segal, A., McPhee, M. E., & Johnston, R. E. (2009). "Can captivity lead to inter-species mating in two
Mesocricetus hamster species?".
1976:
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358:, recent observations on animal behavior have given alternative reasons for the engagement in sexual activities by animals. Animals have been observed to engage in sex for
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Pelé, Marie; Bonnefoy, Alexandre; Shimada, Masaki; Sueur, Cédric (10 January 2017). "Interspecies sexual behaviour between a male
Japanese macaque and female sika deer".
2887:
Suzanne
Chevalier-Skolnikoff (1976). "Homosexual behavior in a laboratory group of stumptail monkeys (Macaca arctoides): Forms, contexts, and possible social functions".
738:... perhaps the most creative form of animal masturbation is that of the male bottlenose dolphin, which has been observed to wrap a live, wriggling eel around its penis.
2057:
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Necrophilia describes when an animal engages in a sexual act with a dead animal. It has been observed in mammals, birds, reptiles and frogs. It sometimes occurs in the
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mounting (without insertion, or by a female, or by a younger male who does not yet produce semen), oral sex, genital stimulation, anal stimulation, interspecies mating,
157:
1166:, suggested that "when one died, the other one just went for it and didn't get any negative feedback—well, didn't get any feedback." The case study earned Moeliker an
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Paoli, T.; Palagi, E.; Tacconi, G.; Tarli, S. B. (2006). "Perineal swelling, intermenstrual cycle, and female sexual behavior in bonobos (Pan paniscus)".
934:, or GG rubbing, among non-human animals is sexual activity in which one animal rubs his or her genitals against the genitals of another animal. The term
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The presence of same-sex sexual behaviour was not scientifically reported on a large scale until recent times. Homosexual behaviour does occur in the
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Many animals, both male and female, masturbate, both when partners are available and otherwise. For example, it has been observed in cats, dogs, male
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Among elephants, female same-sex behaviours have been documented only in captivity where they are known to masturbate one another with their trunks.
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172:
846:. Mallards have rates of male-male sexual activity that are unusually high for birds, in some cases, as high as 19% of all pairs in a population.
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Artificial breeding of non-domestic animals: (the proceedings of a symposium held at the Zoological Society of London on 7 and 8 September 1977)
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Tan, Min; Gareth Jones; Guangjian Zhu; Jianping Ye; Tiyu Hong; Shanyi Zhou; Shuyi Zhang; Libiao Zhang (28 October 2009). Hosken, David (ed.).
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959:, where two males thrust their genitals together, sometimes resulting in ejaculation in one of the partners. It has been observed among bull
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Homosexual behaviour is found in 6–10% of rams (sheep) and associated with variations in cerebral mass distribution and chemical activity.
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and ejaculating on it. The cub sometimes ignored this and sometimes struggled "slightly as if in play". The mother did not intervene.
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The Deer Hunter's Illustrated Dictionary: Full Explanations of More Than 600 Terms and Phrases Used by Deer Hunters Past and Present
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Harris, Heather S.; et al. (2010). "Lesions and behavior associated with forced copulation of juvenile Pacific harbor seals (
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have been observed to attempt sexual activity with other species. It is mostly documented among species that belong to the same
4032:
1057:, and male seals have been observed forcibly copulating with penguins. Inter-species sexual behavior has also been observed in
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identified bulls, goats, sheep, camels and elephants as species known to practice autoeroticism, adding of some other species:
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Autoeroticism also occurs widely among animals, both male and female. A variety of creative techniques are used, including
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Dubuc, C; Alan F. Dixson (2012). "Primate Sexuality: Comparative Studies of the Prosimians, Monkeys, Apes, and Humans".
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often mount other species of either sex and even flies, but are normally repelled by the larger females. Males of the
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bonding, exchange for significant materials, affection, mentorship pairings, sexual enjoyment, or as demonstration of
316:
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social contact, and mating because proximate mechanism, if they do not seek these necessities they will not survive.
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by licking, sucking or nuzzling the genitals of their partner. Another form of genital stimulation is masturbation.
4325:
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94:
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2610:"Aversive conditioning of periodic spontaneous erection adversely affects sexual behavior and semen in stallions"
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kingdom outside humans, especially in social species, particularly in marine birds and mammals, monkeys, and the
504:
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858:. As of 1999, the scientific literature contained reports of homosexual behavior in at least 471 wild species.
3998:
2058:"Socio-sexual behaviour in two groups of captive Bonobos (Pan paniscus): A description and functional analysis"
731:
3227:
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680:), or tail (Savanna Baboons), sometimes accompanied by stimulation of the nipples (Rhesus Macaques, Bonobos);
1626:
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766:
347:
240:
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Tan, M.; Jones, G.; Zhu, G.; Ye, J.; Hong, T.; Zhou, S.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, L. (2009). Hosken, David (ed.).
446:, the longer copulation lasted. There was an orgasmic response in 80 of the 240 Japanese macaques studied.
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The Monkeys of Stormy Mountain: 60 Years of Primatological Research on the Japanese Macaques of Arashiyama
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2658:"Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Affects Precopulatory Behavior in Testosterone-Treated Geldings"
1683:
Troisi, A; M. Carosi (1998). "Female orgasm rate increases with male dominance in Japanese macaques".
697:); and stimulation of the genitals using inanimate objects (found in several primates and cetaceans).
583:
A case of male homosexual anal insertion with the finger has also been reported among orangutans, and
4846:
4438:
4231:
4157:
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3423:
Anna-Marie A.R. Edwards (1991). "Homosexual Behaviour in Wild White-handed Gibbons (Hylobates lar)".
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2798:
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Fox, Elizabeth A. (2001). "Homosexual Behavior in Wild Sumatran Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii)".
1940:
Gordon, TP; Bernstein, IS (1973). "Seasonal variation in sexual behavior of all-male rhesus troops".
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and Monkeys use a variety of objects to masturbate with and even deliberately create implements for
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Pleasure: How Our Brains Make Junk Food, Exercise, Marijuana, Generosity, and Gambling Feel So Good
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Genital rubbing has been observed once among male orangutans and several times in a small group of
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These Bears Are Having Lots Of Oral Sex, And Scientists Think They Know Why (The Huffington Post)
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Gregorič, Matjaž; Šuen, Klavdija; Cheng, Ren-Chung; Kralj-Fišer, Simona; Kuntner, Matjaž (2016).
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2542:"Twitter responds to the death of Eddie, the slam dunking, self-pleasuring, Oregon Zoo sea otter"
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Marchinton, R. Larry; Moore, W. Gerald (1971). "Auto-Erotic Behavior in Male White-Tailed Deer".
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Schwartz, S (1999). "Use of cyproheptadine to control urine spraying and masturbation in a cat".
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1110:, but she succeeded in driving him off. He eventually turned to her 10-month-old cub, repeatedly
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mites almost as often as with their own species, even though it does not result in reproduction.
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874:, is an evolutionary advantage that minimizes intraspecies aggression, especially among males.
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mentions it as one of the homosexual practices recorded at least once among male chimpanzees.
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transition from a simple demonstration of affection to non-penetrative genital stimulation.
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Evolutionary psychology and violence: a primer for policymakers and public policy advocates
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689:(White-tailed and Mule Deer, Zebras and Takhi); spontaneous ejaculations (Mountain Sheep,
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using the hand or front paw (primates, Lions), foot (Vampire Bats, primates), flipper (
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STANFORD Magazine: May/June 2004 > Feature Story > On the Originality of Species
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2563:. Equine Behavior Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine
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1867:(1976). "Ambisexual behavior with male-male anal insertion in male rhesus monkeys".
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Dukas, R (2010). "Causes and consequences of male–male courtship in fruit flies".
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2561:"Specific Normal Behaviors of Domestic Horses That Are Misunderstood as Abnormal"
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412:. This action was considered as a demonstration of affection and reconciliation.
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of the species. Although procreation continues to be the primary explanation for
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2266:"The Adaptive Function of Masturbation in a Promiscuous African Ground Squirrel"
1864:
1823:"Sexual behavior, reproductive physiology and sperm competition in male mammals"
1153:
1068:
999:
939:
829:
640:. Masturbation is common in both mares and stallions, before and after puberty.
63:
2241:
1315:
4593:
4553:
4508:
4433:
4399:
4150:
3738:
3257:
1999:
1743:
1259:
956:
867:
774:
512:
99:
58:
3976:
3663:
2818:
1128:, there have been reports of immature females being forcibly copulated with.
4772:
4528:
4463:
4448:
4421:
4390:
4360:
4283:
2957:
Fox, M. W. (1972). "The Social Significance of Genital Licking in the Wolf,
1953:
1468:
1083:
1046:
984:
922:
910:
855:
569:
549:
3746:
3561:
3394:
3344:
3175:
3100:
3041:
2836:
2638:
2309:
2210:
2103:
2007:
1849:
1761:
1696:
1661:
1323:
4024:
3827:"'Sexual depravity' of penguins that Antarctic scientist dared not reveal"
3305:
3272:
2684:
1961:
1704:
1597:
Question of animal awareness: Evolutionary continuity of mental experience
1223:
909:
and homosexual behaviour has been observed among bats, in particular, the
4819:
4784:
4777:
4720:
4513:
4411:
4375:
3934:) courted by males for two days at an urban park in South-eastern Brazil"
3167:
2908:
1888:
1058:
1054:
755:
541:
214:
1455:
Pusey, Anne E (2013). "The Evolution of Sex-Biased Dispersal in Lions".
4836:
4809:
4745:
4730:
4715:
4708:
4678:
4598:
4563:
4468:
4404:
4261:
3436:
2982:
2900:
2344:
1880:
1476:
1011:
1003:
960:
906:
871:
839:
790:
690:
637:
545:
3336:
2810:
4841:
4804:
4789:
4688:
4455:
4385:
4380:
4370:
4288:
2656:
McDonnell, S. M.; Diehl, N. K.; Garcia, M. C.; Kenney, R. M. (1989).
2095:
1627:"The evolution of sexual dimorphism in animals: Hypotheses and tests"
1284:
Bailey, W; Zuk, M. (2009). "Same-sex sexual behavior and evolution".
1125:
1015:
851:
782:
762:
677:
629:
530:
394:
2974:
2336:
1148:
mounts a female that has been dead for two days and attempts to mate
3553:
3386:
1082:
The Japanese macaque has been observed attempting to mate with the
4740:
4693:
4518:
4426:
3218:. Stanfordalumni.org (2 July 2003). Retrieved on 15 February 2011.
3199:. washingtonpost.com (4 July 2004). Retrieved on 15 February 2011.
1728:"Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals"
1139:
1093:
1019:
991:
870:
has specifically theorised that homosexual behaviour, at least in
833:
802:
596:
508:
485:
464:
131:
3134:
Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity
2756:
Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity
1534:
Biological exuberance: Animal homosexuality and natural diversity
4735:
4703:
4621:
4608:
4548:
4365:
948:
926:
786:
409:
386:
4028:
1106:
In one reported observation, a male spotted hyena attempted to
636:
Castration does not prevent masturbation, as it is observed in
350:
that non-human animals participate in which do not lead to the
4750:
2507:
Jean-Baptiste Leca; Michael A. Huffman; Paul L. Vasey (2012).
1023:
1007:
794:
750:
Animals of several species are documented as engaging in both
716:
3244:
Riccucci, Marco (2011). "Same-sex sexual behaviour in bats".
1490:
Cooperation, I; Anne E. Pusey (2013). "Competition": 636–642.
3904:
Homosexual behaviour in animals: an evolutionary perspective
40:
1975:
Busia, L; Denice, AR; Aureli, F; Schaffner, CM (May 2018).
1414:
Steuvax, 2002, (Anura, Bufonidae) from Northeastern Brazil"
1341:
Pleasurable Kingdom: Animals and the Nature of Feeling Good
613:, male deer, rhinoceroses, boars, male monkeys and otters.
1565:
Pleasurable kingdom:animals and the nature of feeling good
1042:
loss because of the waste of time, energy, and nutrients.
963:, in conjunction with "kissing", and is also common among
3957:"The first case of homosexual necrophilia in the mallard
893:
significantly larger in adult rams than in ewes ...
366:. Observed non-procreative sexual activities include non-
994:, but sometimes occurs between species of distant taxa.
618:
University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine
3930:"Corpse bride irresistible: a dead female tegu lizard (
3503:. Bethesda, Maryland: East–West Publishing. p. 51.
2608:
McDonnell, S. M.; A. L., AL (2005). Squires, E. (ed.).
2131:. Academic Press for the Zoological Society of London.
2852:"These male spiders perform oral sex – and lots of it"
2226:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
2191:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
761:
Autofellatio and oral sex in animals is documented in
3846:
Bloom, Richard W. & Dess, Nancy Kimberly (2003).
2933:
Wily Monkeys: Social Intelligence of Tibetan Macaques
2165:
The Exultant Ark: A Pictorial Tour of Animal Pleasure
624:
behavior known within the horse breeding industry as
998:
cites reports of sexual activity involving a female
393:
Sex plays a fundamental role in the social lives of
4647:
4607:
4562:
4527:
4484:
4351:
4062:
3999:"Necrophilia among ducks ruffles research feathers"
3771:
When Elephants Weep: The Emotional Lives of Animals
1034:. Most were known from laboratory experiments, but
3821:
3819:
3612:
3525:"Reproductive interference between animal species"
3131:
2753:
1977:"Homosexual behavior between male spider monkeys (
1594:
1562:
1338:
905:Male-male copulation has been observed in captive
806:
525:
3057:"Fellatio by Fruit Bats Prolongs Copulation Time"
2998:"Fellatio by Fruit Bats Prolongs Copulation Time"
2787:"Spider behaviors include oral sexual encounters"
2584:"Spontaneous erection and masturbation in equids"
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2582:McDonnell, S.M.; Henry, M.; Bristol, F. (1991).
2229:. American Veterinary Medical Association. 1931.
2168:. University of California Press. pp. 89–.
1919:. Cambridge University press. pp. 316–346.
3228:"Central Park Zoo's gay penguins ignite debate"
670:
3114:
3112:
3110:
1821:Dixson, Alan F.; Anderson, Matthew J. (2004).
862:relieving tension, and experiencing pleasure.
27:Non-reproductive behavior in non-human animals
4040:
3907:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 290–.
2259:
2257:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1410:"Necrophiliac behavior in the "cururu" toad,
568:). It has also been recorded in at least two
526:Masturbation is widespread throughout mammals
324:
8:
3901:Sommer, Volker & Vasey, Paul L. (2006).
3852:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 87–.
3596:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3484:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3368:"The Evolution of Human Homosexual Behavior"
2448:"Breeding soundness examination of the boar"
2264:Waterman, J. M. (2010). Briffa, Mark (ed.).
1784:"Animal pleasure and its moral significance"
1437:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2644:sperm per ejaculate were significantly less
1620:
1618:
1556:
1554:
1403:
1401:
246:Non-reproductive sexual behavior in animals
220:Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine
4047:
4033:
4025:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
1588:
1586:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1194:Waal, F (1995). "Bonobo sex and society".
331:
317:
29:
3543:
3523:Gröning, J., & Hochkirch, A. (2008).
3366:Kirkpatrick, RC; LĂ©vi-Strauss, C (2000).
3090:
3080:
3031:
3021:
2826:
2419:R. Eric Miller; Murray E. Fowler (2014).
2299:
2289:
1942:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1751:
1305:
1908:
1906:
1279:
1277:
3698:"Seals Caught Having Sex With Penguins"
2936:. Kyoto University Press. pp. 4–.
2243:Diseases of the dog and their treatment
1450:
1448:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1179:
344:Animal non-reproductive sexual behavior
265:
232:
144:
81:
50:
32:
3589:
3501:Understanding Bestiality and Zoophilia
3477:
2452:Journal of Swine Health and Production
2077:
2075:
1504:
1493:
1430:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
830:Bisexuality § Among other animals
2422:Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine
1038:had also been made. It may result in
923:Tribadism § Among female bonobos
7:
3696:Alford, Justine (17 November 2014).
1726:Berridge, K; M. Kringelbach (2008).
1248:International Journal of Primatology
877:After studying bonobos for his book
408:would hug and have a mouth-to-mouth
4572:Sexual selection in scaled reptiles
3615:Sexual Behavior in the Human Female
1537:. New York: Profile Books Limited.
1061:. Male grasshoppers of the species
723:... often in highly creative ways.
4009:from the original on 10 April 2006
3768:Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson (2009).
3677:Mulvaney, Kieran (11 March 2011).
1601:. New York: William Kaufmann Inc.
947:", which is the non-human form of
482:attempting to copulate with a bush
25:
3774:. Random House Publishing Group.
3619:. W.B. Saunders Company. p.
3298:10.1038/scientificamerican0395-82
2631:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.06.016
2036:. McGraw-Hill. pp. 490–511.
2034:Patterns of Reproductive Behavior
1634:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
1286:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
1216:10.1038/scientificamerican0395-82
1022:, and a female chimpanzee with a
3997:MacLeod, Donald (8 March 2005).
3472:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00577.x
1788:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
1421:North-Western Journal of Zoology
1154:Necrophilia § Other animals
649:Studies in the Psychology of Sex
300:
299:
3805:, University of Chicago Press,
3532:The Quarterly Review of Biology
3325:American Journal of Primatology
2760:. St. Martin's Press. pp.
2084:American Journal of Primatology
1916:Homosexual Behaviour in Animals
1345:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp.
1117:It appears to be common in the
927:Frot § Among other animals
730:, professor of neuroscience at
3138:. St. Martin's Press. p.
2513:. Cambridge University Press.
1800:10.1016/j.applanim.2009.02.012
826:Homosexual behavior in animals
382:Social interaction and bonding
251:Homosexual behavior in animals
1:
3118:
2712:
2392:Leonard Lee Rue, III (2001).
2240:MĂĽller, Georg Alfred (1897).
2203:10.2460/javma.1999.214.03.369
1842:10.1016/s0031-9384(04)00362-2
1384:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.08.017
814:greater short-nosed fruit bat
591:Autoeroticism or masturbation
542:Anal insertion with the penis
533:relative to their body size.
3082:10.1371/journal.pone.0007595
3023:10.1371/journal.pone.0007595
2677:10.1016/0031-9384(89)90177-7
2458:(3): 117–120. Archived from
2446:Shipley, Clifford F (1999).
2425:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
2358:Leonard Lee Rue III (2004).
2291:10.1371/journal.pone.0013060
1654:10.1016/0169-5347(89)90212-7
451:positron emission tomography
4247:semelparity and iteroparity
3197:In Brief: Rams Will Be Rams
2889:Archives of Sexual Behavior
2850:Gruber, Karl (6 May 2016).
2618:Animal Reproduction Science
2486:. Oxford University Press.
1988:Archives of Sexual Behavior
1869:Archives of Sexual Behavior
965:homosexually active mammals
372:same-sex sexual interaction
284:Situational sexual behavior
4884:
3679:"The Other Side of Otters"
3638:) by southern sea otters (
1316:10.1016/j.tree.2009.03.014
1151:
974:
920:
823:
552:, and some members of the
455:magnetic resonance imaging
356:sexual behavior in animals
95:Androphilia and gynephilia
4338:Non-reproductive behavior
3739:10.1007/s10329-016-0593-4
3258:10.4404/hystrix-22.1-4478
2725:Linden, David J. (2011).
2665:Physiology & Behavior
2361:The Deer of North America
2246:. W.H. Hoskins. pp.
2000:10.1007/s10508-018-1177-8
1830:Physiology & Behavior
1744:10.1007/s00213-008-1099-6
1260:10.1007/s10764-012-9648-6
879:Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape
777:, stump-tailed macaques,
3664:10.1578/am.36.4.2010.331
3636:Phoca vitulina richardsi
3273:"Bonobo sex and society"
3130:Bagemihl, Bruce (1999).
2731:. Oneworld. p. 98.
1108:mate with a female hyena
732:Johns Hopkins University
522:Animals perform oral sex
437:In a case study, female
4056:Animal sexual behaviour
3955:Moeliker, C.W. (2001).
3876:(2004). "Chimpanzees".
3611:Kinsey, Alfred (1953).
3499:Miletski, Hani (2002).
3232:San Francisco Chronicle
1954:10.1002/ajpa.1330380214
1569:. New York: Macmillan.
1469:10.1163/156853987X00026
1090:Sex involving juveniles
932:Genital-genital rubbing
917:Genital-genital rubbing
4205:traumatic insemination
2930:Hideshi Ogawa (2006).
2398:. Globe Pequot Press.
2364:. Globe Pequot Press.
2125:Watson, P. F. (1978).
1697:10.1006/anbe.1998.0898
1503:Cite journal requires
1149:
1103:
938:is frequently used by
895:
847:
740:
725:
710:
658:
634:
606:
495:
483:
289:Split attraction model
241:Animal sexual behavior
190:Human female sexuality
45:
4333:Interspecies breeding
3640:Enhydra lutris nereis
3246:Hystrix It. J. Mammal
2752:Bagemihl, B. (1999).
2591:J Reprod Fertil Suppl
2480:A. F. Dixson (2012).
2160:Balcombe, Jonathan P.
1337:Balcombe, J. (2006).
1143:
1097:
1075:copulate with female
890:
864:Georgetown University
837:
799:cape ground squirrels
736:
714:
662:Biological Exuberance
653:
622:
611:Cape ground squirrels
600:
572:primate species, the
489:
480:Eastern grey kangaroo
477:
449:Recent studies using
376:sex with dead animals
225:Transgender sexuality
137:Queer heterosexuality
44:
4847:Short-beaked echidna
4587:side-blotched lizard
4104:sexual ornamentation
3880:. Houghton Mifflin.
3375:Current Anthropology
3168:10.1210/en.2003-1098
2963:Journal of Mammalogy
2325:Journal of Mammalogy
1782:Balcombe, J (2009).
1625:Hedricks, A (1989).
1561:Balcombe, J (2006).
1531:Bagemihl, B (1999).
1146:black and white tegu
511:display of kissing.
279:Romantic orientation
195:Human male sexuality
4674:Homosexual behavior
4639:Homosexual behavior
4494:Spawning strategies
4294:Bateman's principle
4114:sexy son hypothesis
4092:hormonal motivation
4087:reproductive system
4077:Sexual reproduction
3928:Sazima, I. (2015).
3878:The Ancestor's Tale
3656:2010AqMam..36..331H
3290:1995SciAm.272c..82W
3271:de Waal FB (1995).
3073:2009PLoSO...4.7595T
3014:2009PLoSO...4.7595T
2877:By: Grenoble, Ryan.
2803:2016NatSR...625128G
2548:. 21 December 2018.
2282:2010PLoSO...513060W
1646:1989TEcoE...4..136H
1593:Griffin, D (1981).
1298:2009TEcoE..24..439B
1208:1995SciAm.272c..82W
1196:Scientific American
1051:forcibly copulating
1049:have been observed
820:Homosexual behavior
674:genital stimulation
51:Sexual orientations
18:Interspecies mating
4622:Breeding behaviour
4343:Fisher's principle
4168:sexual intercourse
4109:handicap principle
3959:Anas platyrhynchos
3460:Journal of Zoology
3437:10.1007/BF02381180
3230:by Dinitia Smith,
3214:2012-02-12 at the
2901:10.1007/BF01541216
2791:Scientific Reports
1881:10.1007/bf01542236
1732:Psychopharmacology
1150:
1104:
1036:field observations
848:
844:Anas platyrhynchos
721:sexual stimulation
660:In his 1999 book,
616:A review from the
607:
516:sitting position.
496:
484:
360:social interaction
46:
34:Sexual orientation
4855:
4854:
4669:Lordosis behavior
4549:Frog reproduction
4499:Polyandry in fish
4279:Sexual dimorphism
4200:sperm competition
4119:Fisherian runaway
4099:Courtship display
3961:(Aves: Anatidae)"
3938:Herpetology Notes
3932:Salvator merianae
3803:The Spotted Hyena
3801:Kruuk, H. (1972)
3337:10.1002/ajp.20228
3234:, 7 February 2004
2811:10.1038/srep25128
2715:, pp. 71, 209–210
2559:McDonnell, S. M.
1098:"Mock mating" of
981:Sexual imprinting
971:Inter-species sex
704:Autoeroticism in
566:Japanese macaques
475:
461:Types of behavior
439:Japanese macaques
348:sexual activities
341:
340:
173:Prenatal hormones
16:(Redirected from
4875:
4868:Animal sexuality
4825:ringtailed lemur
4684:African wild dog
4657:Sexual selection
4617:Sexual selection
4537:Sexual selection
4178:pseudocopulation
4072:Sexual selection
4049:
4042:
4035:
4026:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3979:. Archived from
3952:
3946:
3945:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3874:Dawkins, Richard
3870:
3864:
3863:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3823:
3814:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3722:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3618:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3595:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3572:. Archived from
3547:
3529:
3520:
3505:
3504:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3483:
3475:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3405:. Archived from
3372:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3241:
3235:
3225:
3219:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3137:
3127:
3121:
3116:
3105:
3104:
3094:
3084:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3035:
3025:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2830:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2759:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2697:
2696:
2662:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2614:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2588:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2303:
2293:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2096:10.1002/ajp.1051
2079:
2070:
2069:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2026:
2020:
2019:
1985:
1979:Ateles geoffroyi
1972:
1966:
1965:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1827:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1794:(3–4): 208–216.
1779:
1766:
1765:
1755:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1691:(5): 1261–1266.
1685:Animal Behaviour
1680:
1674:
1673:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1600:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1568:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1528:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1418:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1372:Animal Behaviour
1367:
1361:
1360:
1344:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1309:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1243:
1228:
1227:
1191:
1073:Panonychus citri
881:, primatologist
779:Tibetan macaques
734:, remarks that:
668:documents that:
476:
333:
326:
319:
303:
302:
117:Non-heterosexual
30:
21:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4830:sexual swelling
4726:European badger
4643:
4603:
4558:
4523:
4480:
4347:
4316:Sexual conflict
4257:hermaphroditism
4058:
4053:
4023:
4022:
4012:
4010:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3983:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3860:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3832:TheGuardian.com
3825:
3824:
3817:
3800:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3709:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3644:Aquatic Mammals
3633:
3632:
3628:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3545:10.1.1.522.2234
3527:
3522:
3521:
3508:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3476:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3409:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3226:
3222:
3216:Wayback Machine
3207:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3108:
3054:
3053:
3049:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2975:10.2307/1379064
2956:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2857:Washington Post
2849:
2848:
2844:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2711:
2700:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2463:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2337:10.2307/1378600
2322:
2321:
2317:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2030:Morris, Desmond
2028:
2027:
2023:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1781:
1780:
1769:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1530:
1529:
1516:
1502:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1454:
1453:
1446:
1429:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1307:10.1.1.461.6046
1283:
1282:
1275:
1245:
1244:
1231:
1193:
1192:
1181:
1176:
1156:
1138:
1092:
1077:Panonychus mori
987:
973:
929:
919:
832:
824:Main articles:
822:
748:
593:
574:squirrel monkey
539:
465:
463:
435:
418:
384:
337:
168:Neuroscientific
105:Gray asexuality
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4881:
4879:
4871:
4870:
4860:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4653:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4568:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4533:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4357:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4126:Mating systems
4123:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4074:
4068:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4029:
4021:
4020:
3989:
3986:on 2011-07-24.
3947:
3920:
3914:978-0521864466
3913:
3893:
3887:978-1155162652
3886:
3865:
3859:978-0275974671
3858:
3838:
3835:. 9 June 2012.
3815:
3794:
3781:978-0307574206
3780:
3760:
3733:(2): 275–278.
3717:
3707:
3688:
3683:Discovery News
3669:
3650:(4): 331–341.
3626:
3603:
3554:10.1086/590510
3538:(3): 257–282.
3506:
3491:
3466:(4): 308–312.
3450:
3431:(3): 231–236.
3415:
3412:on 2015-05-13.
3387:10.1086/300145
3381:(3): 385–413.
3358:
3331:(4): 333–347.
3315:
3263:
3252:(1): 139–147.
3248:. New Series.
3236:
3220:
3201:
3189:
3162:(2): 478–483.
3145:
3122:
3106:
3047:
2988:
2969:(3): 637–640.
2949:
2943:978-1920901974
2942:
2922:
2895:(6): 511–527.
2879:
2867:
2842:
2777:
2771:978-1466809277
2770:
2744:
2738:978-1851688241
2737:
2717:
2698:
2671:(1): 145–148.
2648:
2625:(1–4): 77–92.
2600:
2574:
2551:
2533:
2520:978-0521761857
2519:
2499:
2493:978-0199544646
2492:
2472:
2438:
2432:978-1455773992
2431:
2411:
2405:978-1585743490
2404:
2384:
2371:978-1592284658
2370:
2350:
2331:(3): 616–617.
2315:
2253:
2232:
2216:
2181:
2175:978-0520260245
2174:
2151:
2138:978-0126133431
2137:
2117:
2090:(3): 177–181.
2071:
2049:
2043:978-0224617956
2042:
2021:
1994:(4): 857–861.
1967:
1948:(2): 221–226.
1932:
1926:978-0521864466
1925:
1902:
1855:
1836:(2): 361–371.
1813:
1767:
1718:
1675:
1640:(5): 136–138.
1614:
1608:978-0865760028
1607:
1582:
1576:978-1403986016
1575:
1550:
1544:978-0312192396
1543:
1514:
1505:|journal=
1482:
1463:(4): 275–310.
1444:
1397:
1378:(5): 913–919.
1362:
1356:978-1403986016
1355:
1329:
1292:(8): 439–460.
1273:
1229:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1168:Ig Nobel Prize
1160:Adélie penguin
1152:Main article:
1137:
1134:
1119:Adélie penguin
1091:
1088:
1064:Tetrix ceperoi
972:
969:
940:primatologists
918:
915:
821:
818:
809:for details).
747:
744:
706:female mammals
695:Spotted Hyenas
682:auto-fellating
666:Bruce Bagemihl
645:Havelock Ellis
592:
589:
585:Bruce Bagemihl
538:
537:Anal insertion
535:
494:during oestrus
462:
459:
444:pelvic thrusts
434:
431:
417:
414:
383:
380:
339:
338:
336:
335:
328:
321:
313:
310:
309:
308:
307:
294:
293:
292:
291:
286:
281:
276:
268:
267:
266:Related topics
263:
262:
261:
260:
259:
258:
248:
243:
235:
234:
230:
229:
228:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
176:
175:
170:
165:
160:
147:
146:
142:
141:
140:
139:
134:
129:
127:Plurisexuality
124:
119:
114:
113:
112:
102:
97:
92:
84:
83:
79:
78:
77:
76:
71:
66:
61:
53:
52:
48:
47:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4880:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4768:Spotted hyena
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4475:
4474:penis fencing
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4444:apophallation
4442:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4353:Invertebrates
4350:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4252:opportunistic
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4210:penile spines
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4185:Fertilisation
4183:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4173:Pelvic thrust
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4141:mate guarding
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4050:
4045:
4043:
4038:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3993:
3990:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3960:
3951:
3948:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3933:
3924:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3897:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3842:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3795:
3783:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3764:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3718:
3711:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3670:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3616:
3607:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3579:on 2015-02-23
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3495:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3267:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3156:Endocrinology
3149:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3135:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3067:(10): e7595.
3066:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3008:(10): e7595.
3007:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2926:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2846:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2748:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2575:
2562:
2555:
2552:
2547:
2546:The Oregonian
2543:
2537:
2534:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2476:
2473:
2462:on 2018-02-16
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2388:
2385:
2373:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2276:(9): e13060.
2275:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2197:(3): 369–71.
2196:
2192:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2129:
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2045:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1918:
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1909:
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1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1738:(3): 457–80.
1737:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
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1462:
1458:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1413:
1412:Rhinella jimi
1404:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1352:
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1303:
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1257:
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1234:
1230:
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1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1164:Kees Moeliker
1161:
1155:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1122:
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1115:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:hybridization
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:Alfred Kinsey
993:
986:
982:
978:
977:Animal hybrid
970:
968:
966:
962:
958:
953:
950:
946:
945:penis fencing
941:
937:
933:
928:
924:
916:
914:
912:
908:
903:
900:
899:bighorn sheep
894:
889:
886:
884:
883:Frans de Waal
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
859:
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853:
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810:
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805:(see section
804:
800:
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792:
788:
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772:
768:
767:Darwin's bark
764:
759:
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753:
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657:
652:
650:
646:
641:
639:
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627:
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619:
614:
612:
604:
603:vervet monkey
599:
595:
590:
588:
586:
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579:
578:spider monkey
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
536:
534:
532:
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523:
517:
514:
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493:
488:
481:
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445:
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416:Reward system
415:
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218:
216:
213:
211:
210:Queer studies
208:
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188:
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138:
135:
133:
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123:
120:
118:
115:
111:
110:Demisexuality
108:
107:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
90:Allosexuality
88:
87:
86:
85:
82:Related terms
80:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
60:
57:
56:
55:
54:
49:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
19:
4815:olive baboon
4763:Hippopotamus
4751:domestic cat
4699:domestic dog
4627:golden eagle
4594:Crocodilians
4337:
4242:polygynandry
4163:cloacal kiss
4011:. Retrieved
4003:The Guardian
4002:
3992:
3981:the original
3968:
3964:
3958:
3950:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3923:
3903:
3896:
3877:
3868:
3848:
3841:
3830:
3802:
3797:
3785:. Retrieved
3770:
3763:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3710:
3701:
3691:
3682:
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3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3629:
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3606:
3592:cite journal
3581:. Retrieved
3574:the original
3535:
3531:
3500:
3494:
3480:cite journal
3463:
3459:
3453:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3407:the original
3378:
3374:
3361:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3309:
3284:(3): 82–88.
3281:
3276:
3266:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3231:
3223:
3204:
3192:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3133:
3125:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2932:
2925:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2870:
2861:
2855:
2845:
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2790:
2780:
2755:
2747:
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2664:
2651:
2642:
2622:
2616:
2603:
2594:
2590:
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2554:
2545:
2536:
2524:. Retrieved
2509:
2502:
2482:
2475:
2464:. Retrieved
2460:the original
2455:
2451:
2441:
2421:
2414:
2394:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2360:
2353:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2273:
2269:
2242:
2235:
2225:
2219:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2164:
2154:
2142:. Retrieved
2127:
2120:
2087:
2083:
2052:
2033:
2024:
1991:
1987:
1978:
1970:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1915:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1833:
1829:
1816:
1791:
1787:
1735:
1731:
1721:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1637:
1633:
1596:
1564:
1533:
1496:cite journal
1485:
1460:
1456:
1433:cite journal
1424:
1420:
1411:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1340:
1332:
1289:
1285:
1251:
1247:
1202:(3): 82–98.
1199:
1195:
1170:in biology.
1157:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1105:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1044:
1028:
988:
954:
935:
930:
904:
896:
891:
887:
878:
876:
860:
849:
843:
811:
807:Masturbation
760:
752:autofellatio
749:
741:
737:
728:David Linden
726:
715:
711:
703:
699:
671:
661:
659:
654:
648:
647:in his 1927
642:
635:
626:masturbation
625:
623:
615:
608:
605:masturbating
594:
582:
554:Macaca genus
540:
518:
505:head rubbing
501:
497:
448:
436:
427:
423:
419:
406:
403:
399:
392:
385:
352:reproduction
346:encompasses
343:
342:
274:Aromanticism
245:
200:Kinsey scale
180:Demographics
122:Pansexuality
69:Heterosexual
4554:Salamanders
4434:Echinoderms
4417:sea anemone
4400:Cephalopods
4304:cannibalism
4227:promiscuity
4146:mating plug
4136:mating call
4131:mate choice
3971:: 243–247.
2959:Canis lupus
2526:8 September
2377:8 September
1875:(1): 9–14.
1254:: 216–218.
1136:Necrophilia
1069:spider mite
957:lar gibbons
775:brown bears
643:Sexologist
513:Chimpanzees
364:social rank
185:Environment
158:Birth order
4529:Amphibians
4509:Salmon run
4439:Gastropods
4361:Arthropods
4326:intralocus
4321:interlocus
4299:bimaturism
4158:Copulation
4151:lek mating
4005:. London.
3811:0226455084
3702:IFLScience
3583:2015-02-23
2597:: 664–665.
2466:2018-02-15
2144:9 February
1863:Erwin J.;
1174:References
1100:desert fox
1047:sea otters
975:See also:
936:GG rubbing
921:See also:
868:Janet Mann
866:professor
856:great apes
712:and that:
550:orangutans
453:(PET) and
433:Case study
368:copulatory
205:Klein Grid
163:Epigenetic
153:Biological
100:Bi-curious
74:Homosexual
4796:Primates
4785:Pinnipeds
4773:Marsupial
4704:gray wolf
4464:earthworm
4449:love dart
4422:jellyfish
4391:butterfly
4284:anisogamy
4272:synchrony
4262:cuckoldry
4232:polyandry
4082:evolution
3977:0923-9308
3540:CiteSeerX
2819:2045-2322
2797:: 25128.
2066:147644300
1670:205079438
1457:Behaviour
1427:(2): 365.
1302:CiteSeerX
1084:sika deer
1059:sea lions
1014:, a male
1006:, a male
985:Zoophilia
911:fruit bat
838:Two male
570:New World
558:stumptail
556:(namely,
492:"bulling"
4862:Category
4820:mandrill
4778:kangaroo
4721:Elephant
4632:seabirds
4564:Reptiles
4514:Seahorse
4412:Cnidaria
4376:scorpion
4309:coercion
4267:seasonal
4237:polygyny
4222:monogamy
4195:external
4190:internal
4007:Archived
3944:: 15–18.
3813:, p. 232
3755:10630464
3747:28074343
3727:Primates
3715:468–476.
3570:10782873
3562:18792662
3445:26662075
3425:Primates
3395:10768881
3353:25823290
3345:16534808
3278:Sci. Am.
3212:Archived
3184:18954514
3176:14525915
3119:Bagemihl
3101:19862320
3061:PLOS ONE
3042:19862320
3002:PLOS ONE
2837:27126507
2713:Bagemihl
2693:18061735
2639:16112531
2310:20927404
2270:PLOS ONE
2211:10023399
2162:(2011).
2112:21561581
2104:11746281
2060:. 2005.
2008:29536259
1897:46074855
1850:15488551
1808:16847348
1762:18311558
1713:35187116
1662:21227335
1392:54253398
1324:19539396
1268:41078495
1112:mounting
1071:species
1002:with an
961:manatees
907:penguins
872:dolphins
840:mallards
791:primates
756:oral sex
746:Oral sex
691:Warthogs
678:Walruses
638:geldings
576:and the
546:gorillas
305:Category
215:Sexology
145:Research
64:Bisexual
4837:Raccoon
4810:gorilla
4746:cheetah
4731:Felidae
4716:Dolphin
4709:red fox
4649:Mammals
4599:Tuatara
4577:lizards
4469:epitoky
4405:octopus
4064:General
4013:5 April
3965:Deinsea
3652:Bibcode
3403:5559174
3306:7871411
3286:Bibcode
3092:2762080
3069:Bibcode
3033:2762080
3010:Bibcode
2983:1379064
2828:4850386
2799:Bibcode
2762:427–430
2685:2657816
2345:1378600
2301:2946931
2278:Bibcode
2016:3855790
1962:4632071
1865:Maple T
1753:3004012
1705:9819343
1642:Bibcode
1477:4534604
1349:, 115.
1294:Bibcode
1224:7871411
1204:Bibcode
1144:A male
1126:insects
1040:fitness
1018:with a
1012:chicken
1010:with a
1004:ostrich
812:In the
763:spiders
478:A male
395:bonobos
233:Animals
59:Asexual
4842:Rodent
4805:bonobo
4790:walrus
4689:coyote
4582:snakes
4519:Sharks
4460:Worms
4456:Sponge
4386:insect
4381:beetle
4371:spider
4289:oogamy
3975:
3911:
3884:
3856:
3809:
3787:28 May
3778:
3753:
3745:
3568:
3560:
3542:
3443:
3401:
3393:
3351:
3343:
3311:ground
3304:
3182:
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3089:
3040:
3030:
2981:
2940:
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2909:827276
2907:
2835:
2825:
2817:
2768:
2735:
2691:
2683:
2637:
2567:4 June
2517:
2490:
2429:
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2308:
2298:
2209:
2172:
2135:
2110:
2102:
2064:
2040:
2014:
2006:
1960:
1923:
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1889:816329
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1848:
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1760:
1750:
1711:
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1668:
1660:
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1573:
1541:
1475:
1390:
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1322:
1304:
1266:
1222:
1124:Among
1016:monkey
983:, and
925:, and
852:animal
783:wolves
687:sheath
630:equids
620:says:
564:, and
562:rhesus
531:testes
490:A cow
4800:human
4758:Fossa
4741:tiger
4694:dingo
4679:Canid
4609:Birds
4542:frogs
4427:coral
4217:Modes
3984:(PDF)
3751:S2CID
3577:(PDF)
3566:S2CID
3528:(PDF)
3441:S2CID
3410:(PDF)
3399:S2CID
3371:(PDF)
3349:S2CID
3180:S2CID
2979:JSTOR
2917:59447
2913:S2CID
2689:S2CID
2661:(PDF)
2613:(PDF)
2587:(PDF)
2341:JSTOR
2108:S2CID
2062:S2CID
2012:S2CID
1984:(PDF)
1893:S2CID
1826:(PDF)
1804:S2CID
1709:S2CID
1666:S2CID
1630:(PDF)
1473:JSTOR
1417:(PDF)
1388:S2CID
1264:S2CID
1055:seals
1053:with
1045:Male
1020:snake
1000:eland
992:genus
897:Male
803:sheep
787:goats
771:widow
601:Male
509:human
387:Lions
132:Queer
4736:lion
4504:Eels
4486:Fish
4366:crab
4015:2006
3973:ISSN
3909:ISBN
3882:ISBN
3854:ISBN
3807:ISBN
3789:2013
3776:ISBN
3743:PMID
3642:)".
3598:link
3558:PMID
3486:link
3391:PMID
3341:PMID
3302:PMID
3172:PMID
3097:PMID
3038:PMID
2938:ISBN
2905:PMID
2833:PMID
2815:ISSN
2766:ISBN
2733:ISBN
2681:PMID
2635:PMID
2569:2010
2528:2013
2515:ISBN
2488:ISBN
2427:ISBN
2400:ISBN
2379:2013
2366:ISBN
2306:PMID
2207:PMID
2170:ISBN
2146:2013
2133:ISBN
2100:PMID
2038:ISBN
2004:PMID
1958:PMID
1921:ISBN
1885:PMID
1846:PMID
1758:PMID
1701:PMID
1658:PMID
1603:ISBN
1571:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1509:help
1439:link
1351:ISBN
1320:PMID
1220:PMID
1102:pups
949:frot
828:and
801:and
795:bats
769:and
754:and
717:Apes
410:kiss
256:list
4662:rut
3735:doi
3660:doi
3621:503
3550:doi
3468:doi
3464:278
3433:doi
3383:doi
3333:doi
3294:doi
3282:272
3254:doi
3164:doi
3160:145
3140:673
3087:PMC
3077:doi
3028:PMC
3018:doi
2971:doi
2961:".
2897:doi
2823:PMC
2807:doi
2673:doi
2627:doi
2333:doi
2296:PMC
2286:doi
2248:183
2199:doi
2195:214
2092:doi
1996:doi
1950:doi
1877:doi
1838:doi
1796:doi
1792:118
1748:PMC
1740:doi
1736:199
1693:doi
1650:doi
1465:doi
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