537:
December. Then a faint, remòte speck of light was discovered in the règion of the perturbed planet. At first this did not caus eny very grà t exÏtement. SÏentific pèpl, however, found the intelligence remarkabl enuf, èven befor it became known that the new body was rapidly gròwing larger and brÏghter, and that its mòtion was quÏte different from the orderly prògress of the planets.
560:
variety of feats so complex that the miÚsical layman could hardly imajin, èven with the mòst desperat là bor, accomplishing eny of them, while èven miÚsicians are astonishd and we then reach for the good, handy, vaeg
Enlaitenment werd and call them gèniuses. The list includes Mozart and Mendelssohn; and, despite all the limiting jujments, it includes Benjamin Britten.
219:, can use the predictable spellings that can be accepted as alternative spellings in dictionaries until usage determines public preference. The first principle for present spellers can be to omit surplus letters in words that serve no purpose to represent meaning or pronunciation, and can often mislead. This streamlining trend is already occurring, especially in
546:
a fà nt, remòt spek of lÏt was discovered in the rèjon of the perturbd planet. At furst this did not cauz eny very grà t exÏtment. SÏentific pèpl, however, found the intellijens remarkabl enuf, èven befor it becà m known that the nÚ body was rapidly gròing larjer and brÏter, and that its mòtion was quÏt difrent from the orderly prògres of the planets.
545:
It was on the furst day of the new yèar that the anounsment was mà d, almòst simultà neusly from thrè obsurvatorys, that the mòtion of the planet NeptÚn, the outermòst of all the planets that whèl about the Sun, had become very erattic. A retardà tion in its velossity had bèn suspected in
Desember. Then
559:
We may nowadays be chary about Úsing the word "gènius", but we still have a good idèa what is ment by it. For exampal, there are graet numbers of very gifted miÚsicians who are admird but not calld gèniuses. But there are others, manifestly prodijius, performing offen at extraordinarily erly à jes, a
617:
Interspel, however, is a systematic reform of present spelling with three levels, to match established needs and abilities of users and learners, in which the basic alphabetic principle is modified by morphemic principles, long and short vowels are visibly related, and the 31 most common irregular
536:
It was on the first day of the new year that the announcement was made, almòst simultà neusly from three observatorys, that the mòtion of the planet NeptÚne, the outermòst of all the planets that wheel about the Sun, had become very erratic. A retardà tion in its velocity had been suspected in
513:. They change only around 2.6% of the letters in everyday text, so present readers would be hardly inconvenienced. Its more consistent visible relationship of related words regularizes the '
974:
804:
157:
which make up about half of everyday text. This dramatically retains half of the appearance of present print, and assists learners to start reading the print around them.
502:, can also be recognized at the level of âSpelling for reading without trapsâ. Nobody has to memorize these alternative spellings to use in their own writing.
251:
all, almost, always, among, are, come, some, could, should, would, half, know, of, off, one, only, once, other, pull, push, put, as, was, what, want, who, why,
675:
517:' features of English spelling, to promote faster automatic visual recognition in reading for meaning and a more predictable relationship to the
529:
As an illustration, the following exemplar text from H.G. Wells' âThe Starâ, used by spelling reformers, is given in two levels of
Interspel.
131:
249:
1. Retain the spelling of the most common hundred words, which make up about half of everyday text. 31 of these have irregular spelling:
900:
68:
Principles for systematization are used to reduce present disadvantages. Interspel uses a phonemic spelling for beginners and includes
969:
211:
Learners are directed to an internet forum and given instruction to spot spelling, grammar and punctuation and then correct them.
926:
801:
725:
839:
823:
785:
702:
766:
541:(b) The basic Interspel spelling for beginners with morphemic modifications, and 31 retained irregularly spelled words:
99:
Interspel-style reform, still in process of development and testing, has the following four levels for learning and use:
514:
154:
87:
advances, make such a systematic reforum more feasible, including innovations that go against the usual proposals for
746:
607:
588:
603:
196:
and recognizing for reading but not needed for writing, eight one-way-pronunciation alternative spellings for
75:
as a base that can be modified. Such a combination of advantages has been thought to be impossible. However,
670:
227:
613:
Lists of re-spellings with or without rules, such as the
Simplified Spelling Society's present House Style.
123:
143:
17:
281:
443:
288:
189:
104:
653:
506:
254:
243:
205:
150:
36:
505:
The seven principles above are proposed for investigation. They offer a feasible way to prevent
299:
115:
952:
215:
In this way, readers accustomed to present spelling are not inconvenienced. Writers, including
948:
451:
427:
177:
127:
904:
626:
622:
581:
577:
431:
62:
58:
54:
29:
827:
808:
789:
770:
750:
729:
706:
665:
642:
518:
273:
88:
51:
621:
Until there is a breakthrough to an international script that can cross languages, like
587:
Including new symbols so that all
English sounds have one 'letter' each, as in Pitman's
204:
for reading. This âSpelling without traps for readingâ then closely resembles existing
149:
Learners immediately move on to an unexpected feature of this reform, as they learn the
361:, and, still unsolved, spelling for the vowel sound with no spelling of its own, as in
963:
930:
638:
630:
598:
Phonemic, with correspondence of graphemes and phonemes (letters and sounds) such as
572:
By way of comparison, other proposals for
English spelling reform are of four types:
72:
722:
680:
373:
334:
322:
318:
220:
25:
843:
820:
782:
699:
763:
216:
80:
32:, while preserving its heritage of print through minimal changes in appearance.
865:"Initial Teaching Alphabet Foundation - Initial Teaching Alphabet, i.t.a., ITA"
618:
words are retained. It is more complex in design, but more practicable in use.
317:
The primary vowels letters âaâ, âeâ, âiâ, âoâ, and âuâ are used to spell both '
646:
470:
330:
201:
185:
181:
119:
84:
76:
69:
40:
160:
Learners progressively move into reading and writing adult text with applied
599:
474:
380:
21:
407:
Doubled consonants have only three purposes: to indicate irregular stress;
741:
234:
to monitor research and authorize testing and implementation of findings.
649:
634:
510:
487:
435:
423:
296:
277:
161:
112:
43:
439:
372:
Sequences of vowels can then be represented very simply in
Interspel.
303:
292:
28:
that aims to address the unpredictability and inconsistency of present
312:
pity, may, be, hi-fi, go, emu, spa, her, hair, for, saw, cow, boy, too
592:
447:
326:
307:
197:
192:. Transitional features include personal choice for the spelling of
173:
47:
641:. The International English Spelling Commission envisaged by this
339:
national/nà tion, repetition/repèt, finish/fÏnal, consolà tion/consòl
484:
466:
377:
280:(not merely its sounds), set out as in formal speech with minimal
193:
108:
723:
Interspel: Updating the
Writing System for International English
246:
more consistent, as applied in the experimental form
Interspel:
864:
473:) are found to be so confusable that they need differentiated
821:
Seven spelling reform principles to improve standard spelling
802:
764:
Cutting out Surplus Letters, as a first spelling improvement
61:. This approach also promotes visible relationships between
882:
398:
o â òasis, (boat), pòet, gòing, (boil), Zoo/zòolojy, out
645:
proposal would oversee and monitor informal and formal
568:
Comparison with other English spelling reform proposals
57:, and taking into account the special features of the
700:
The design of spelling to match needs and abilities.
532:(a) Interspel âSpelling without traps for readingâ:
480:
6. Names and places can be spelled as they please.
376:for learners are optional. 'Spelling for reading'
610:. The 'long' vowels cause the greatest difficulty;
180:endings. Only a few differentiated spellings of
345:. The remaining vowel sounds are spelled as in
46:on their needs and abilities, facilitating both
743:The Columbia Guide to Standard American English
329:, distinguishing long vowels as necessary by a
975:Writing systems introduced in the 20th century
709:Harvard Educational Review. 1986. 56: 278-297.
676:List of some English spelling reform proposals
625:, Interspel proposes an improved spelling for
392:e â idèa, (year), (meet), bèing, crèol, hidèus
35:Interspel seeks to maximize the advantages of
389:a â bazaar, pĂ ella, dĂ is, (paid), cĂ os, taut,
142:, and it represents clear formal speech, not
8:
656:improvement, and to implement the outcomes.
494:; and two possible pronunciations each for
717:
715:
600:Rondthaler's American Spelling (SoundSpel)
232:International English Spelling Commission
490:with one-way pronunciation for reading:
200:and alternative pronunciations of three
691:
276:conventionalized representation of the
521:for international users and learners.
927:"Roman Phonetic Alphabet for English"
419:, and possibly final /ss/ for nouns.
242:Summary of the principles for making
7:
401:u â dĂšal, sĂšet, flĂšid, dĂšo, inocĂšus.
208:, which it has made more consistent.
550:Here is another Interspel example.
359:hair, fort, taut, round, boil, boot
39:for users and learners by applying
947:. XXXII, 2007, 2. pp. 50â64.
633:that could be essential for wider
395:i â dĂŹal, dĂŹet, flĂŹing, ĂŹota, pĂŹus
134:are subsumed, as in the spellings
14:
302:, including regularizing current
230:based on Interspel envisages an
118:, for beginner learners and for
608:Basic Roman spelling of English
509:remaining a serious barrier to
434:speech sounds is modified with
164:principles, such as consistent
840:"Spelling reform bibliography"
65:and international vocabulary.
1:
604:Simplified Spelling Society's
120:dictionary pronunciation keys
783:English Spelling Improvement
576:New alphabets, such as the
492:ai, ea, ee, igh, oa, ew, ir
991:
438:principles that represent
589:Initial teaching alphabet
272:2. Regard spelling as a
267:question, passion, vizion
155:hundred most common words
122:. The correspondence is
153:of around thirty of the
970:English spelling reform
945:Contrastive Linguistics
924:L. Ivanov and V. Yule.
671:English spelling reform
465:5. Only a few sets of
411:for short vowels as in
228:English spelling reform
629:, the world's present
483:7. Seven alternative
238:Consistency principles
20:Spelling, is a set of
869:www.itafoundation.org
606:Nue Spelling, or the
469:that sound the same (
126:, that is, broad and
83:research, as well as
18:International English
933:on 30 September 2007
740:Kenneth G. Wilson.
383:are included below:
289:alphabetic principle
105:alphabetic principle
73:pronunciation guides
343:consumtion/consĂšmer
188:can show irregular
151:irregular spellings
826:2007-06-29 at the
807:2007-09-12 at the
788:2007-09-13 at the
769:2007-08-30 at the
749:2007-07-17 at the
728:2007-06-30 at the
705:2007-07-14 at the
426:base that relates
255:international word
186:Doubled consonants
132:dialect variations
554:Britten when yung
304:spelling patterns
259:-ion/-tion/-ssion
55:reading processes
982:
955:
942:
940:
938:
929:. Archived from
922:
916:
915:
913:
912:
903:. Archived from
897:
891:
890:
879:
873:
872:
861:
855:
854:
852:
851:
842:. Archived from
836:
830:
817:
811:
798:
792:
779:
773:
760:
754:
738:
732:
719:
710:
696:
654:English spelling
582:Deseret Alphabet
578:Shavian alphabet
507:English spelling
446:visually, as in
244:English spelling
206:English spelling
184:prove needful.
128:conventionalized
59:English language
37:present spelling
30:English spelling
990:
989:
985:
984:
983:
981:
980:
979:
960:
959:
958:
936:
934:
925:
923:
919:
910:
908:
899:
898:
894:
881:
880:
876:
863:
862:
858:
849:
847:
838:
837:
833:
828:Wayback Machine
818:
814:
809:Wayback Machine
799:
795:
790:Wayback Machine
780:
776:
771:Wayback Machine
761:
757:
751:Wayback Machine
739:
735:
730:Wayback Machine
720:
713:
707:Wayback Machine
697:
693:
689:
666:Spelling reform
662:
643:language reform
570:
563:- Frank Kermode
527:
519:spoken language
357:= unstressed),
240:
144:casual slurring
97:
89:spelling reform
12:
11:
5:
988:
986:
978:
977:
972:
962:
961:
957:
956:
917:
901:"Nue Spelling"
892:
887:www.unifon.org
874:
856:
831:
812:
793:
774:
755:
733:
711:
690:
688:
685:
684:
683:
678:
673:
668:
661:
658:
615:
614:
611:
596:
585:
569:
566:
565:
564:
561:
556:
555:
548:
547:
539:
538:
526:
523:
405:
404:
403:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
300:correspondence
291:of systematic
287:3. Apply the
239:
236:
221:text messaging
213:
212:
209:
172:spellings for
158:
147:
116:correspondence
96:
93:
24:introduced by
16:Interspel, or
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
987:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
965:
954:
950:
946:
932:
928:
921:
918:
907:on 2007-05-13
906:
902:
896:
893:
888:
884:
878:
875:
870:
866:
860:
857:
846:on 2007-07-06
845:
841:
835:
832:
829:
825:
822:
816:
813:
810:
806:
803:
797:
794:
791:
787:
784:
778:
775:
772:
768:
765:
759:
756:
752:
748:
745:
744:
737:
734:
731:
727:
724:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
701:
695:
692:
686:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
663:
659:
657:
655:
651:
648:
644:
640:
639:communication
636:
632:
631:lingua franca
628:
624:
619:
612:
609:
605:
601:
597:
594:
590:
586:
583:
579:
575:
574:
573:
567:
562:
558:
557:
553:
552:
551:
544:
543:
542:
535:
534:
533:
530:
524:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
486:
481:
478:
476:
472:
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
387:
386:
385:
384:
382:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
237:
235:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
217:poor spellers
210:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
110:
106:
102:
101:
100:
94:
92:
90:
86:
85:technological
82:
78:
77:psychological
74:
71:
66:
64:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
42:
41:psychological
38:
33:
31:
27:
23:
19:
944:
935:. Retrieved
931:the original
920:
909:. Retrieved
905:the original
895:
886:
883:"Unifon.org"
877:
868:
859:
848:. Retrieved
844:the original
834:
815:
796:
777:
758:
742:
736:
694:
681:Valerie Yule
647:experimental
620:
616:
571:
549:
540:
531:
528:
525:Illustration
504:
499:
495:
491:
482:
479:
464:
459:
455:
421:
416:
412:
408:
406:
371:
366:
365:(perhaps as
362:
358:
354:
353:= stressed,
350:
347:car, perturb
346:
342:
338:
335:grave accent
316:
311:
286:
274:standardized
271:
266:
262:
258:
250:
248:
241:
231:
225:
214:
169:
165:
139:
135:
98:
67:
34:
26:Valerie Yule
15:
637:and global
964:Categories
911:2007-07-18
850:2007-07-17
687:References
471:homophones
424:alphabetic
306:for final
202:consonants
182:homophones
81:linguistic
70:dictionary
22:principles
953:0204-8701
819:V. Yule.
800:V. Yule.
781:V. Yule.
762:V. Yule.
721:V. Yule.
698:V. Yule.
488:spellings
475:spellings
436:morphemic
422:4. This
381:spellings
331:diacritic
162:morphemic
124:diaphonic
824:Archived
805:Archived
786:Archived
767:Archived
747:Archived
726:Archived
703:Archived
660:See also
650:research
635:literacy
511:literacy
496:th, c, g
454:endings
337:) as in
310:, as in
282:slurring
278:language
265:, as in
257:endings
130:so that
52:auditory
44:research
753:. 1993.
627:English
623:Chinese
602:, the
580:or the
515:Chomsky
444:meaning
440:grammar
432:English
428:letters
417:current
374:Accents
321:' and '
63:English
951:
937:16 May
593:Unifon
448:plural
413:carrot
341:, and
327:vowels
308:vowels
297:symbol
198:vowels
190:stress
174:plural
140:banana
113:symbol
95:Levels
48:visual
485:vowel
467:words
460:âd/ed
456:âs/es
452:tense
378:vowel
323:short
293:sound
263:-zion
261:plus
194:names
178:tense
170:-d/ed
166:-s/es
109:sound
949:ISSN
939:2018
498:and
458:and
450:and
442:and
415:and
367:buuk
363:book
319:long
253:and
226:The
176:and
168:and
138:and
103:The
79:and
50:and
652:in
591:or
430:to
369:).
136:dog
107:of
966::
943:.
885:.
867:.
714:^
477:.
462:.
409:rr
355:er
351:ur
325:'
314:.
284:.
269:.
223:.
91:.
941:.
914:.
889:.
871:.
853:.
595:;
584:;
500:y
349:(
333:(
295:-
146:.
111:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.