Interpersonal communication

1063: 1232:

of feedback and expressions. Facial expression, a vital part of interpersonal communication as a support for verbal communication, is replaced in this form and reflected through emojis, acronyms, etc. Most of the non-verbal aspects, such as eye contact and posture, cannot be seen through the mediated forum; hence, some feedback is lost regarding our interest level. Usually, when someone is making eye contact, it shows a level of interest in the meditated format. Individuals may instead look at the pacing of the reply to suggest interest, which now does not factor in that life continues to happen around them; hence, there could be several reasons why the lines of communication could affect and not just that they may not be interested which could lead to miscommunication in the future.

1240:

media takes a more diverse approach to the information provided, and sources depend on interactions. Social media provides a medium to see several viewpoints at the same time. Having multiple perspectives helps individuals find or formulate their perception of what is true. It will also allow individuals the opportunity to voice their opinions. Conversely, in an interpersonal setting, the ability to voice an opinion or formulate a decision may be more challenging with a limited pool of information. A study into the impact of social media and interpersonal communication on one's environmental perceptions found that both could influence the perceptions equally, and people could link both social media as a form of reinforcement to interpersonal communication.

31: 1208:

the expectations of their interpersonal communication and how they choose to display themselves when communicating. How men or women may communicate can stem from how they have developed based on cultural and societal factors, as there are distinctive factors in which men and women are characterized. Society and culture have placed certain expectations on men and women about how they communicate. Society tends to place men in a more assertive and dominant role. This expectation of a dominant nature is also related to men being associated with a lack of emotions. Conversely, women are expected to be more empathic with their communication style to create relationships.

1215:. At the same time, women are expected to be more supportive in their interactions. These suggested traits could be stereotypes or generalizations that exist. However, research has found that both diverge from and converge with these stereotypes and generalizations. A study of faculty members compares communication between male and female faculty members. The study found that male faculty were more talkative during the meetings and assertive when making their points. This study does diverge from the stereotype of women being considered the more talkative gender. At the same time, it converges with the generalization that men are more assertive when communicating. 1120:

communication is that it can be difficult to retain, recall, and organize the information that has been given in a verbal message, especially when copious amounts of data have been communicated in a short amount of time. Asynchronous messages can serve as reminders of what has been done and what needs to be done, which can prove beneficial in a fast-paced health care setting. However, the sender does not know when the other person will receive the message. When used appropriately, synchronous and asynchronous communication channels are both efficient ways to communicate. Mistakes in hospital contexts are often a result of communication problems.

106:

media sites facilitating communication. Later in the article, the impacts of media on interpersonal communication are discussed. Interpersonal communication over the years has been aimed at forming relationships and ending relationships. The world has become more reliant on a mediated form of communication, which in turn has become a part of interpersonal communication as it has become an avenue in which most humans have decided to communicate. While this form is not traditional to interpersonal communication, it does fit the cities within the definition of interpersonal communication, which is the exchange between two or more people.

912:. Links may be weighted by the content or frequency of interactions or the overall strength of the relationship. This treatment allows patterns or structures within the network to be identified and analyzed, and shifts the focus of interpersonal communication research from solely analyzing dyadic relationships to analyzing larger networks of connections among communicators. Instead of describing the personalities and communication qualities of an individual, individuals are described in terms of their relative location within a larger social network structure. Such structures both create and reflect a wide range of social phenomena. 102:

developed, humans found ways to transfer messages. Interpersonal communication was one such way. In a world where technologies were not available to communicate, humans used pictures and carvings, which later developed into words and expressions. Interpersonal communication is now seen in a more dyadic way; finding face-to-face interaction as a more distinct form. The dynamics of interpersonal communication began to shift at the break of the Industrial Revolution. The evolution of interpersonal communication is multifaceted and aligns with technological advancements, societal changes, and theories.

375:'rules' for an interaction is not obvious. This depends on each communicator's previous beliefs and perceptions within a given context and how they can apply these rules to the current interaction. These "rules" of meaning "are always chosen within a context", and the context of a situation can be used as a framework for interpreting specific events. Contexts that an individual can refer to when interpreting a communicative event include the relationship context, the episode context, the self-concept context, and the archetype context. 93:

networks and the life of relationships, influence, conflict, computer-mediated communication, interpersonal skills, interpersonal communication in the workplace, intercultural perspectives on interpersonal communication, escalation and de-escalation of romantic or platonic relationships, family relationships, and communication across the life span. Factors such as one's self-concept and perception do have an impact on how humans choose to communicate. Factors such as gender and culture also affect interpersonal communication.

120: 1149:

thoughts, feelings and actions, and therefore affects communication. The more difference there is between the cultural backgrounds of two people, the more different their styles of communication will be. Therefore, it is important to be aware of a person's background, ideas and beliefs and consider their social, economic and political positions before attempting to decode the message accurately and respond appropriately. Five major elements related to culture affect the communication process:

1253: 4683: 1153: 5028: 1055: 1376: 1236:

aspects of feedback, and we have worked in recent years to develop these forms of feedback through quick reply suggestions to keep the conversations going without a physical presence. Through this, social media has created an avenue in which people over extended geographical distances can still engage in interpersonal communication and continue the development of relationships.

1199:. Each individual has their own languages, beliefs and values that must be considered. Factors influencing nonverbal communication include the different roles of eye contact in different cultures. Touching as a form of greeting may be perceived as impolite in some cultures, but normal in others. Acknowledging and understanding these cultural differences improves communication. 185:

moments, they will become more vigilant and rely more on data available in the situation. A reduction in certainty leads to a loss of confidence in the initial plan, such that the individual may make contingency plans. The theory also says that higher levels of uncertainty create distance between people and that non-verbal expressiveness tends to help reduce uncertainty.

236:

costs, a pair of individuals will become increasingly intimate by sharing more and more personal information. The constructs of this theory include disclosure, relational expectations, and perceived rewards or costs in the relationship. In the context of marriage, the rewards within the relationship include emotional security and sexual fulfillment. Based on this theory

232:

develop, deteriorate, and dissolve as a consequence of an unfolding social-exchange process, which may be conceived as a bartering of rewards and costs both between the partners and between members of the partnership and others". Social exchange theory argues that the major force in interpersonal relationships is the satisfaction of both people's self-interest.

305:

tension with each other. Relational dialectics theory argues that these tensions are both inevitable and necessary. The meanings intended in our conversations may be interpreted, understood, or misunderstood. In this theory, all discourse, including internal discourse, has competing properties that relational dialectics theory aims to analyze.

144:

unintentional. For example, you are complaining about your unfortunate experience today in the corner of the school, but it happens that your friend overhears your complaint. Even if you do not want others to know about your experience from the bottom of your heart, but unintentionally, this also delivers message and forms communication.

301:, and totality, with influences from Hegel, Marx, and Bakhtin. The dialectical approach searches for understanding by exploring the tension of opposing arguments. Both internal and external dialectics function in interpersonal relationships, including separateness vs. connection, novelty vs. predictability, and openness vs. closedness. 716:

questions such as: Can the information be disclosed? When can the information be disclosed? To whom can the information be disclosed? And how much of the information can be disclosed? The negotiation of these rules can be complex, and the rules can be explicit as well as implicit; rules may also be violated.

627:. Socionics defines 16 types of relations, ranging from the most attractive and comfortable to disputed. This analysis gives insight into some features of interpersonal relations, including aspects of psychological and sexual compatibility, and ranks as one of the four most popular models of personality. 1231:

Misinterpretation: Without a physical face-to-face interaction, miscommunication can frequently occur when communicating through a mediated medium. Messages are sent verbally and non-verbally when using interpersonal communication—discerning one's attitudes when it is more complicated due to the lack

1131:

is the study of language, and is divided into three broad aspects: the form of language, the meaning of language, and the context or function of language. Form refers to the words and sounds of language and how the words are used to make sentences. Meaning focuses on the significance of the words and

962:

Many interpersonal communication scholars have sought to define and understand interpersonal conflict, using varied definitions of conflict. In 2004, Barki and Hartwick consolidated several definitions across the discipline and defined conflict as "a dynamic process that occurs between interdependent

941:

Relational transgressions occur when individuals violate implicit or explicit relational rules. For instance, if the relationship is conducted on the assumption of sexual and emotional fidelity, violating this standard represents a relational transgression. Infidelity is a form of hurt that can have

672:

stage occurs at the beginning of an intercultural relationship when partners are beginning to explore their cultural differences. During this stage, each partner is attempting to determine what cultural identities they want in the relationship. At the trial stage, cultural differences are significant

549:

Established patterns of interaction are created when a trend occurs regarding how two people interact with each other. There are two patterns of particular importance to the theory. In symmetrical relationships, the pattern of interaction is defined by two people responding to one another in the same

258:

Symbolic interaction considers the world to be made up of social objects that are named and have socially determined meanings. When people interact over time, they come to shared meaning for certain terms and actions and thus come to understand events in particular ways. There are three main concepts

231:

falls under the symbolic interaction perspective. The theory describes, explains, and predicts when and why people reveal certain information about themselves to others. The social exchange theory uses Thibaut and Kelley's (1959) theory of interdependence. This theory states that "relationships grow,

105:

Traditionally, interpersonal communication is grounded in face-to-face communication between people. As technology changed, the interpersonal communication style adapted from face-to-face interaction to a mediated component. The tools added over the years include the telegraph, telephone, and several

724:

What Petronio refers to as "boundary turbulence" occurs when rules are not mutually understood by co-owners, and when a co-owner of information deliberately violates the rules. This is not uncommon and usually results in some kind of conflict. It often results in one party becoming more apprehensive

459:

Example: Jenny and Justin met for the first time at a wedding. Within minutes Jenny starts to tell Justin about her terrible ex-boyfriend and the misery he put her through. This is information that is typically shared at stage three or four, not stage one. Justin finds this off-putting, reducing the

80:

There is considerable variety in how this area of study is conceptually and operationally defined. Researchers in interpersonal communication come from many different research paradigms and theoretical traditions, adding to the complexity of the field. Interpersonal communication is often defined as

1095:

can be defined as the combination of the social and physical environments in which something takes place. For example, a classroom, a military conflict, a supermarket checkout, and a hospital would be considered situational milieus. The season, weather, current physical location and environment are

1045:

changes this picture. Social networking is conducted over electronic devices with no face-to-face interaction, resulting in an inability to access the behavior of the communicator and the nonverbal signals that facilitate communication. Side effects of using these technologies for communication may

992:

have added a new dimension to interpersonal communication. There are increasing claims that over-reliance on online communication affects the development of interpersonal communication skills, in particular nonverbal communication. Psychologists and communication experts argue that listening to and

811:

Observers making attributions about the behavior of others may overemphasize internal attributions and underestimate external attributions; this is known as the fundamental attribution error. Conversely, when an individual makes an attribution about their own behavior they may overestimate external

746:

The theory holds that when individuals encounter new information or new experiences, they categorize the information based on their preexisting attitudes, thoughts, and beliefs. If the new encounter does not fit their preexisting assumptions, then dissonance is likely to occur. Individuals are then

715:

When someone chooses to reveal private information to another person, they are making that person a co-owner of the information. Co-ownership comes with rules, responsibilities, and rights that must be negotiated between the discloser of the information and the receiver of it. The rules might cover

590:

Symmetrical exchanges occur when one partner's assertion is countered with a reflective response: a one-up assertion is met with a one-up response, or a one-down assertion is met with a one-down response. If symmetrical exchanges are frequent within a relationship it is likely that the relationship

426:

This theory is often known as the "onion theory". This analogy suggests that like an onion, personalities have "layers". The outside layer is what the public sees, and the core is one's private self. When a relationship begins to develop, the individuals in the relationship may undergo a process of

404:

Pearce and Cronen argue that these specific contexts exist in a hierarchical fashion. This theory assumes that the bottom level of this hierarchy consists of the communicative act. The relationship context is next in the hierarchy, then the episode context, followed by the self-concept context, and

374:

When one individual sends a message to the other the recipient must interpret the meaning of the interaction. Often, this can be done almost instantaneously because the interpretation rules that apply to the situation are immediate and simple. However, there are times when the interpretation of the

235:

According to the theory, human interaction is analogous to an economic transaction, in that an individual may seek to maximize rewards and minimize costs. Actions such as revealing information about oneself will occur when the cost-reward ratio is acceptable. As long as rewards continue to outweigh

160:

Unrepeatability arises from the fact that an act of communication can never be duplicated The reason is that the audience may be different, our mood at the time may be different, or our relationship may be in a different place. In person communication can be invigorating and is often memorable when

134:

Communication is a transactional communication—that is, a dynamic process created by the participants through their interaction with each other. In short, communication is an interactive process in which both parties need to participate. A metaphor is dancing. It is more like a process in which you

1239:

Decision Making: Research found that social media and interpersonal communication are equally likely to impact one's perceptions. Both social media and interpersonal communication impact decision-making. Interpersonal communication takes a more personal approach, which helps to evoke trust. Social

1207:

Gender is considered to be a socially and culturally constructed role assigned to an individual based on their perceived sex. Gender is the behavioral, cultural, or emotional traits typically associated with one's sex. These perceptions and roles humans are assigned and characterized by may impact

1104:

causes of interference in a communication transaction. In the hospital setting, for example, external noise can include the sound made by medical equipment or conversations had by team members outside of patient's rooms, and internal noise could be a health care professional's thoughts about other

826:

Expectancy violations theory is part of the socio-psychological tradition, and addresses the relationship between non-verbal message production and the interpretations people hold for those non-verbal behaviors. Individuals hold certain expectations for non-verbal behavior that are based on social

659:

Identity management pays significant attention to intercultural relationships and how they affect the relational and individual identities of those involved, especially the different ways in which partners of different cultures negotiate with each other in an effort to satisfy desires for adequate

468:

The depth of penetration is the degree of intimacy a relationship has accomplished, measured relative to the stages above. Griffin defines depth as "the degree of disclosure in a specific area of an individual's life" and breadth as "the range of areas in an individual's life over which disclosure

188:

Constructs include the level of uncertainty, the nature of the relationship and ways to reduce uncertainty. Underlying assumptions include the idea that an individual will cognitively process the existence of uncertainty and take steps to reduce it. The boundary conditions for this theory are that

143:

Some communication is intentional and deliberate, for example, before you ask your boss to give you a promotion or a raise, you will do a lot of mental building and practice many times how to talk to your boss so that it will not cause embarrassment. But at the same time, communication can also be

49:

is an exchange of information between two or more people. It is also an area of research that seeks to understand how humans use verbal and nonverbal cues to accomplish several personal and relational goals. Communication includes utilizing communication skills within one's surroundings, including

1235:

Relationship Enhancements: There are different modalities in which humans have developed to communicate. Communication is critical to letting the communicator know how to respond to a message. It is foundational to understand and interpret how a message has been received. Social media does entail

942:

particularly strong negative effects on relationships. The method by which the infidelity is discovered influences the degree of hurt: witnessing the partner's infidelity first hand is most likely to destroy the relationship, while partners who confess on their own are most likely to be forgiven.

754:

To avoid dissonance, individuals may select their experiences in several ways: selective exposure, i.e. seeking only information that is consonant with one's current beliefs, thoughts, or actions; selective attention, i.e. paying attention only to information that is consonant with one's beliefs;

706:

An individual's private information is protected by the individual's boundaries. The permeability of these boundaries is ever changing, allowing selective access to certain pieces of information. This sharing occurs when the individual has weighed their need to share the information against their

254:

Symbolic interaction comes from the socio-cultural perspective in that it relies on the creation of shared meaning through interactions with others. This theory focuses on the ways in which people form meaning and structure in society through interactions. People are motivated to act based on the

1119:

In a hospital environment, for example, urgent situations may require the immediacy of communication through synchronous channels. Benefits of synchronous communication include immediate message delivery, and fewer chances of misunderstandings and miscommunications. A disadvantage of synchronous

971:

In the context of an organization, there are two targets of conflicts: tasks, or interpersonal relationships. Conflicts over events, plans, behaviors, etc. are task issues, while conflict in relationships involves dispute over issues such as attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, or relationship

304:

Relational dialectics theory deals with how meaning emerges from the interplay of competing discourses. A discourse is a system of meaning that helps us to understand the underlying sense of a particular utterance. Communication between two parties invokes multiple systems of meaning that are in

184:

The theory argues that strangers, upon meeting, go through specific steps and checkpoints in order to reduce uncertainty about each other and form an idea of whether they like or dislike each other. During communication, individuals are making plans to accomplish their goals. At highly uncertain

1079:

context. The retrospective context is everything that comes before a particular behavior that might help understand and interpret that behavior, while the emergent context refers to relevant events that come after the behavior. Context can include all aspects of social channels and situational

953:

is communication that inflicts psychological pain. According to Vangelisti (1994), words "have the ability to hurt or harm in every bit as real a way as physical objects. A few ill-spoken words (e.g. "You're worthless", "You'll never amount to anything", "I don't love you anymore") can strongly

932:

A person can feel devalued at the individual and relational level. Individuals can feel devalued when someone insults their intelligence, appearance, personality, or life decisions. At the relational level, individuals can feel devalued when they believe that their partner does not perceive the

763:

According to cognitive dissonance theory, there are three types of cognitive relationships: consonant relationships, dissonant relationships, and irrelevant relationships. Consonant relationships are when two elements, such as beliefs and actions, are in equilibrium with each other or coincide.

650:

People establish their identities (or faces), and their partners, through a process referred to as "facework". Everyone has a desired identity which they are constantly working towards establishing. This desired identity can be both threatened and supported by attempts to negotiate a relational

495:

Online communication seems to follow a different set of rules. Because much online communication occurs on an anonymous level, individuals have the freedom to forego the 'rules' of self disclosure. In on-line interactions personal information can be disclosed immediately and without the risk of

798:

For example, when a student fails a test an observer may choose to attribute that action to 'internal' causes, such as insufficient study, laziness, or having a poor work ethic. Alternatively the action might be attributed to 'external' factors such as the difficulty of the test, or real-world

531:

The theory states that a person's presence alone results in them, consciously or not, expressing things about themselves and their relationships with others (i.e., communicating). A person cannot avoid interacting, and even if they do, their avoidance may be read as a statement by others. This

180:

Uncertainty reduction theory, developed in 1975, comes from the socio-psychological perspective. It addresses the basic process of how we gain knowledge about other people. According to the theory, people have difficulty with uncertainty. You are not sure what is going to come next, so you are

101:

The detailed study of interpersonal communication dates back to the 1970s and was formalized based on aspects of communication that preceded it. Aspects of communication such as rhetoric, persuasion, and dialogue have become a part of interpersonal communication. As writing and language styles

1148:

is a human concept that encompasses the beliefs, values, attitudes, and customs of groups of people. It is important in communication because of the help it provides in transmitting complex ideas, feelings, and specific situations from one person to another. Culture influences an individual's

835:

When a deviation of expectations occurs, there is an increased interest in the situation, also known as arousal. This may be either cognitive arousal, an increased mental awareness of expectancy deviations, or physical arousal, resulting in body actions and behaviors as a result of expectancy

361:

The coordinated management of meaning theory assumes that two individuals engaging in an interaction each construct their own interpretation and perception of what a conversation means, then negotiate a common meaning by coordinating with each other. This coordination involves the individuals

282:

Constructs for this theory include creation of meaning, social norms, human interactions, and signs and symbols. An underlying assumption for this theory is that meaning and social reality are shaped from interactions with others and that some kind of shared meaning is reached. For this to be

92:

There is growing interest in biological and physiological perspectives on interpersonal communication. Some of the concepts explored are personality, knowledge structures and social interaction, language, nonverbal signals, emotional experience and expression, supportive communication, social

419:

Social penetration theory is a conceptual framework that describes the development of interpersonal relationships. This theory refers to the reciprocity of behaviors between two people who are in the process of developing a relationship. These behaviors can include verbal/nonverbal exchange,

750:

An example of cognitive dissonance would be if someone holds the belief that maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important, but maintains a sedentary lifestyle and eats unhealthy food. They may experience dissonance between their beliefs and their actions. If there is a significant amount of

682:

stage, couples work through identity issues and draw on their past relational history while doing so. A strong relational identity has been established by this stage and couples have mastered dealing with cultural differences. It is at this stage that cultural differences become part of the

321:

Most individuals naturally desire that their interpersonal relationships involve close connections. However, relational dialectics theory argues that no relationship can be enduring unless the individuals involved within it have opportunities to be alone. An excessive reliance on a specific

1070:

Context refers to environmental factors that influence the outcomes of communication. These include time and place, as well as factors like family relationships, gender, culture, personal interest and the environment. Any given situation may involve many interacting contexts, including the

84:

Although interpersonal communication is most often between pairs of individuals, it can also be extended to include small intimate groups such as the family. Interpersonal communication can take place in face-to-face settings, as well as through platforms such as social media. The study of

697:

Communication privacy management theory, from the socio-cultural tradition, is concerned with how people negotiate openness and privacy in relation to communicated information. This theory focuses on how people in relationships manage boundaries which separate the public from the private.

1226:

The rise of social media has impacted communication as a whole. In this age of technology, Communication intended to feel so personal can seem impersonal. Social media can significantly affect how interpersonal communication occurs. Several social media platforms aim to enhance our

540:

Individuals enter communication with others having established expectations for their own behavior as well as the behavior of those they are communicating with. During the interaction these expectations may be reinforced, or new expectations may be established that will be used in future

1099:

To understand the meaning of what is being communicated, context must be considered. Internal and external noise can have a profound effect on interpersonal communication. External noise consists of outside influences that distract from the communication. Internal noise is described as

751:

dissonance, they may be motivated to work out more or eat healthier foods. They may also be inclined to avoid situations that bring them face to face with the fact that their attitudes and beliefs are inconsistent, by avoiding the gym and avoiding stepping on their weighing scale.

50:

physical and psychological spaces. It is essential to see the visual/nonverbal and verbal cues regarding the physical spaces. In the psychological spaces, self-awareness and awareness of the emotions, cultures, and things that are not seen are also significant when communicating.

558:

Relational control refers to who is in control within a relationship. The pattern of behavior between partners over time, not any individual's behavior, defines the control within a relationship. Patterns of behavior involve individuals' responses to others' assertions.

885:

Pedagogical communication is a form of interpersonal communication that involves both verbal and nonverbal components. A teacher's nonverbal immediacy, clarity, and socio-communicative style has significant consequences for students' affective and cognitive learning.

81:

communication that takes place between people who are interdependent and have some knowledge of each other: for example, communication between a son and his father, an employer and an employee, two sisters, a teacher and a student, two lovers, two friends, and so on.

330:

Individuals desire a sense of assurance and predictability in their interpersonal relationships. However, they also desire variety, spontaneity and mystery in their relationships. Like repetitive work, relationships that become bland and monotonous are undesirable.

802:

Individuals also make attributions about their own behavior. The student who received a failing test score might make an internal attribution, such as "I just can't understand this material", or an external attribution, such as "this test was just too difficult."

707:

need to protect themselves. This risk assessment is used by couples when evaluating their relationship boundaries. The disclosure of private information to a partner may result in greater intimacy, but it may also result in the discloser becoming more vulnerable.

550:

way. This is a common pattern of interaction within power struggles. In complementary relationships, the participants respond to one another in opposing ways. An example of such a relationship would be when one person is argumentative while the other is quiet.

581:

A complementary exchange occurs when a partner asserts a one-up message which the other partner responds to with a one-down response. If complementary exchanges are frequent within a relationship it is likely that the relationship itself is complementary.

2882:

Imahori, T. & Cupach, W. (1993). Identity management theory: communication competence in intercultural episodes and relationships. In Wiseman, R. L. & Koester, J., (Eds.), Intercultural Communication Competence (pp. 112 – 31). Newbury Park, CA:

1008:

Ethics in personal relations. This considers a space of mutual responsibility between two individuals, including giving and receiving in a relationship. This theory is explored by Dawn J. Lipthrott in the article "What IS Relationship? What is Ethical

4430:

Wimer, Jeremy. Manager of Admission Services, Bachelor of Arts in Organizational and Strategic Communication, Master of Science in Management of Organizational Leadership & Change, Colorado Technical University. Personal Email interview. 22 Mar.

2637:

Ledbetter, Andrew M.; Mazer, Joseph P.; DeGroot, Jocelyn M.; Meyer, Kevin R.; Yuping Mao; Swafford, Brian (2010-09-10). "Attitudes Toward Online Social Connection and Self-Disclosure as Predictors of Facebook Communication and Relational Closeness".

778:

Attribution theory is part of the socio-psychological tradition and analyzes how individuals make inferences about observed behavior. Attribution theory assumes that we make attributions, or social judgments, as a way to clarify or predict behavior.

496:

excessive intimacy. For example, Facebook users post extensive personal information, pictures, information on hobbies, and messages. This may be due to the heightened level of perceived control within the context of the online communication medium.

214:. These extended theories give a broader conceptualization of how uncertainty operates in interpersonal communication as well as how uncertainty motivates individuals to seek information. The theory has also been applied to romantic relationships. 1016:

Conflict in couples. This focuses on the impact that social media has on relationships, as well as how to communicate through conflict. This theory is explored by Amanda Lenhart and Maeve Duggan in their paper, "Couples, the Internet, and Social

464:

Social penetration theory predicts that people decide to risk self-disclosure based on the costs and rewards of sharing information, which are affected by factors such as relational outcome, relational stability, and relational satisfaction.

135:

and your partner are constantly running in and working together. Two perfect dancers do not necessarily guarantee the absolute success of a dance, but the perfect cooperation of two not-so-excellent dancers can guarantee a successful dance.

1005:. This theory follows the relationships that builds between a mother and child, and the impact it has on their relationships with others. It resulted from the combined work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth (Ainsworth & Bowlby, 1991). 747:

motivated to reduce the dissonance they experience by avoiding situations that generate dissonance. For this reason, cognitive dissonance is considered a drive state that generates motivation to achieve consonance and reduce dissonance.

673:

barriers to the relationship and it is critical for partners to avoid identity freezing and nonsupport. During this stage, individuals are more willing to risk face threats to establish a balance necessary for the relationship. The

1012:

Deception in communication. This concept is based on the premise that everyone lies and considers how lying impacts relationships. James Hearn explores this theory in his article, "Interpersonal Deception Theory: Ten Lessons for

641:

Falling under the socio-cultural tradition, identity-management theory explains the establishment, development, and maintenance of identities within relationships, as well as changes to identities within relationships.

677:

stage occurs when a relational identity emerges with established common cultural features. During this stage, the couple becomes more comfortable with their collective identity and the relationship in general. In the

755:

selective interpretation, i.e. interpreting ambiguous information in a way that seems consistent with one's beliefs; and selective retention, i.e. remembering only information that is consistent with one's beliefs.

967:

reactions to perceived disagreements and interference with the attainment of their goals". They note three properties generally associated with conflict situations: disagreement, negative emotion, and interference.

889:

It has been argued that "companionship" is a useful metaphor for the role of "immediacy", the perception of physical, emotional, or psychological proximity created by positive communicative behaviors, in pedagogy.

1866: 434:

Social penetration theory recognizes five stages: orientation, exploratory affective exchange, affective exchange, stable exchange, and de-penetration. Not all of these stages happen in every relationship.

864:

Personal distance (18–48 inches). This is appropriate for close friends and acquaintances, such as significant others and close friends, e.g. sitting close to a friend or family member on the couch.

844:

When an expectation is not met, an individual may view the violation of expectations either positively or negatively, depending on their relationship to the violator and their feelings about the outcome.

651:

identity (the identity one shares with one's partner). Thus, a person's desired identity is directly influenced by their relationships, and their relational identity by their desired individual identity.

743:, part of the cybernetic tradition, argues that humans are consistency seekers and attempt to reduce their dissonance, or cognitive discomfort. The theory was developed in the 1950s by Leon Festinger. 3143:

Afifi, Walid A.; Falato, Wendy L.; Weiner, Judith L. (2001). "Identity Concerns Following a Severe Relational Transgression: The Role of Discovery Method for the Relational Outcomes of Infidelity".

1211:

A crucial part of interpersonal communication is being able to talk and listen. Society expects men to communicate with a goal-oriented approach, which may negatively impact their effectiveness in

3562:

Berson, Ilene R.; Berson, Michael J.; Ferron, John M. (2002). "Emerging Risks of Violence in the Digital Age: Lessons for Educators from an Online Study of Adolescent Girls in the United States".

764:

Dissonant relationships are when two elements are not in equilibrium and cause dissonance. In irrelevant relationships, the two elements do not possess a meaningful relationship with one another.

1244:

Social media acts as an avenue for interpersonal communication. Some aspects of the communication form are altered to fit the technological space and make the space feel as personal as possible.

827:

norms, past experience and situational aspects of that behavior. When expectations are either met or violated, we make assumptions about the behaviors and judge them to be positive or negative.

152:

The process of Interpersonal Communication is irreversible, you can wish you had not said something and you can apologise for something you said and later regret - but you can not take it back.

4421:

Robinson, Lawrence, Jeanne Segal, and Melinda Smith. "Effective Communication: Improving Communication Skills in Your Work and Personal Relationships." Help Guide. Mar. 2016. Web. 5 April 2016.

240:

argued that marriages will fail when the rewards of the relationship lessen, the barriers against leaving the spouse are weak, and the alternatives outside of the relationship are appealing.

1218:

Regardless of expectations, some people will reflect, and some will reshape the expectations to fit their social and family interactions as shifts in ideological and societal values change.

1062: 1038:. Many studies have repeated this logic in investigating the effects of personal and mass communication, for example in election campaigns and health-related information campaigns. 861:

Intimate distance (0–18 inches). This is reserved for intimate relationships with significant others, or the parent-child relationship (hugging, cuddling, kisses, etc.)

445:

Affective exchange: there is a high amount of open communication between individuals. These relationships typically consist of close friends or even romantic or platonic partners.

313:

Relational dialectics theory assumes three different types of tensions in relationships: connectedness vs. separateness, certainty vs. uncertainty, and openness vs. closedness.

507:'s theory of communication, popularly known as the "Interactional View", interprets relational patterns of interaction in the context of five "axioms". The theory draws on the 1132:

sentences that human beings have put together. Function, or context, interprets the meaning of the words and sentences being said to understand why a person is communicating.

1678: 4418:

Johnson, Chandra. "Face time vs. screen time: The technological impact on communication." national.deseretnews.com. Deseret Digital Media. 29 Aug. 2014. Web. 29 Mar. 2016.

2048:

PARKS, MALCOLM R.; ADELMAN, MARA B. (September 1983). "COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS An Expansion Of Uncertainty Reduction Theory".

272:

Self-image comes from interaction with others. A person makes sense of the world and defines their "self" through social interactions that indicate the value of the self.

2999: 4323:

Mongeau, P., and M. Henningsen. "Stage theories of relationship development." Engaging theories in interpersonal communication: Multiple perspectives (2008): 363–375.

2627:

Mongeau, P., and M. Henningsen. "Stage theories of relationship development." Engaging theories in interpersonal communication: Multiple perspectives (2008): 363-375.

3030:

McCroskey, Linda; Richmond, Virginia; McCroskey, James (2002-10-01). "The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: Contributions from the Discipline of Communication".

541:

interactions. New expectations are created by new patterns of interaction, while reinforcement results from the continuation of established patterns of interaction.

4485: 3003: 794:

Make an attribution of cause, which may be internal (i.e. the cause is related to the person), or external (i.e. the cause of the action is external circumstances).

181:

uncertain how you should prepare for the upcoming event. To help predict behavior, they are motivated to seek information about the people with whom they interact.

3449:

Jeong, Michelle; Bae, Rosie Eungyuhl (2018). "The Effect of Campaign-Generated Interpersonal Communication on Campaign-Targeted Health Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis".

2995: 2721: 1227:

communication by escaping geographical barriers. Researchers have identified both positive and negative impacts of mediated forms of interpersonal communication:

660:

autonomous identities and relational identities. Tensions within intercultural relationships can include stereotyping, or "identity freezing", and "nonsupport".

206:

Uncertainty reduction theory is most applicable to the initial interaction context. Scholars have extended the uncertainty framework with theories that describe

853:

One type of violation of expectations is the violation of the expectation of personal space. The study of proxemics focuses on the use of space to communicate.

594:

Applications of relational control include analysis of family interactions, and also the analysis of interactions such as those between teachers and students.

1264:

happens during infancy and early childhood. The attributes for each level of development can be used to improve communication with individuals of these ages.

451:

De-penetration: when the relationship's costs exceed its benefits there may be a withdrawal of information, ultimately leading to the end of the relationship.

1393: 2554:

Altman, Irwin; Taylor, Dalmas A. (1973). Social Penetration: The Development of Interpersonal Relationships, New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, p. 3,

1108:

Channels of communication also affect the effectiveness of interpersonal communication. Communication channels may be either synchronous or asynchronous.

3406:

Valente, T. W.; Poppe, P. R.; Merritt, A. P. (1996). "Mass-media-generated interpersonal communication as sources of information about family planning".

211: 126:

Human communication is a complex process with many components. And there are principles of communication that guide our understanding of communication.

4121:"A Comparative Study of the Role of Interpersonal Communication, Traditional Media and Social Media in Pro-Environmental Behavior: A China-Based Study" 3313: 3117: 2282: 420:

interpersonal perceptions, and interactions with the environment. The behaviors vary based on the different levels of intimacy in the relationship.

904:

A social network is made up of a set of individuals (or organizations) and the links among them. For example, each individual may be treated as a

692: 523:

were known as the Palo Alto Group. Their work was highly influential in laying the groundwork for family therapy and the study of relationships.

3263: 532:

ubiquitous interaction leads to the establishment of "expectations" and "patterns" which are used to determine and explain relationship types.

1939:

Berger, C. R.; Calabrese, R. J. (1975). "Some Exploration in Initial Interaction and Beyond: Toward a Developmental Theory of Communication".

4454: 4311: 4228: 4103: 3815: 3790: 3682: 3657: 2613: 1493: 5052: 3977:

Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E., & McDaniel, E. R. (2010). Communication between cultures. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, c2010

1273: 1440: 3119:

Social Networks and the Life of Relationships. In The SAGE Handbook of Interpersonal Communication, eds. Knapp, Mark L. and Daly, John A.

266:

Social acts (which create meaning) involve an initial gesture from one individual, a response to that gesture from another, and a result.

4772: 4478: 3995:

Muñoz, C. C., & Luckmann, J. (2005). Transcultural communication in nursing. Clifton Park, NY : Thomson/Delmar Learning, c2005.

3519:

Greenfield, Patricia; Yan, Zheng (2006). "Children, adolescents, and the Internet: A new field of inquiry in developmental psychology".

3288: 1412: 867:

Social distance (4–10 feet). This is appropriate for new acquaintances and for professional situations, such as interviews and meetings.

4257: 2743: 2559: 400:

This context is essentially one's image of what his or her belief consists of regarding general truths within communicative exchanges.

4408: 4400: 4392: 4375: 4363: 4349: 4335: 4263:

Baack, Donald; Fogliasso, Christine; Harris, James (2000). "The Personal Impact of Ethical Decisions: A Social Penetration Theory".

3632: 3127: 2902: 2697: 2571:

Baack, Donald; Fogliasso, Christine; Harris, James (2000). "The Personal Impact of Ethical Decisions: A Social Penetration Theory".

2364: 2332: 2292: 2265: 2092: 1459: 1297: 356: 1689: 1419: 3622: 4590: 4505: 2794:

Weiss, Seth D.; Houser, Marian L. (2007-07-30). "Student Communication Motives and Interpersonal Attraction Toward Instructor".

4545: 74: 3336:

Bretherton, I., (1992) The Origins of Attachment Theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, Developmental Psychology, 28, 759-775

2354: 5062: 5031: 4471: 3382: 3195: 2971: 2938: 2528: 2491: 1528: 1426: 1397: 1027: 1026:

Interpersonal communication has been studied as a mediator for information flow from mass media to the wider population. The

909: 207: 66: 4427:

White, Martha C. "The Real Reason New College Grads Can't Get Hired." time.com. EBSCOhost. 11 Nov. 2013. Web. 12 April 2016.

1890: 1084:, the cultural and linguistic backgrounds of the participants, and the developmental stage or maturity of the participants. 283:

effective, there must be numerous people communicating and interacting and thus assigning meaning to situations or objects.

278:

The ability to use significant symbols makes thinking possible. One defines objects in terms of how one might react to them.

4747: 3713:

Costa, G.L.; Lacerda, A.B.; Marques, J. (2013). "Noise on the hospital setting: impact on nursing professionals' health".

2121: 1171: 3611:

Corbin, C. White, D. (2008). "Interpersonal Communication: A Cultural Approach." Sydney, NS. Cape Breton University Press

5057: 4777: 4727: 4667: 4424:

Tardanico, Susan. "Is Social Media Sabotaging Real Communication?" Forbes: Leadership, 30 April 2012. Web. 10 Mar. 2016.

2312: 2255: 1811:"Adler, R. B. and Rodman, G. R. (2009). Understanding human communication (10th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press" 1754:"Adler, R. B. and Rodman, G. R. (2009). Understanding human communication (10th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press" 1408: 1344: 821: 175: 53:

Interpersonal communication research addresses at least six categories of inquiry: 1) how humans adjust and adapt their

35: 4413: 4296: 4757: 4742: 4682: 4575: 4565: 339:

In close interpersonal relationships, individuals may feel a pressure to reveal personal information, as described in

1156:

Communication diagram showing types of communication between cultures, including verbal and non-verbal communication.

85:

interpersonal communication addresses a variety of elements and uses both quantitative/social scientific methods and

2692:, Jackson, Don D. (First published as a Norton paperback 2011, reissued 2014 ed.). New York. pp. 120–121. 870:

Public distance (10 feet or more). This is appropriate for a public setting, such as a public street or a park.

4530: 1334: 1317: 1113: 636: 1386: 4863: 4732: 4697: 3188:

Messages that hurt: In "The dark side of interpersonal communication" eds. Cupach, William R., Spitzberg, Brian H

1109: 993:

comprehending conversations plays a significant role in developing effective interpersonal communication skills.

880: 516: 414: 340: 65:; 2) how messages are produced; 3) how uncertainty influences behavior and information-management strategies; 4) 1588:"A practitioner's guide to interpersonal communication theory: An overview and exploration of selected theories" 668:

Identity management is an ongoing process that Imahori and Cupach define as having three relational stages. The

368:

Constitutive rules are "rules of meaning used by communicators to interpret or understand an event or message".

4625: 4555: 4510: 1339: 1312: 365:

The rules that individuals can apply in any communicative situation include constitutive and regulative rules.

62: 439:

Orientation stage: strangers exchange only impersonal information and are very cautious in their interactions.

297:

The dialectical approach to interpersonal communication revolves around the notions of contradiction, change,

4873: 4797: 4782: 4620: 4610: 1192: 58: 2837:

Fink, Gerhard; Mayrhofer, Wolfgang (2009). "Cross-cultural competence and management – setting the stage".

189:

there must be some kind of trigger, usually based on the social situation, and internal cognitive process.

4968: 620: 228: 223: 3502:"Social Networking and Interpersonal Communication and Conflict Resolution Skills among College Freshmen" 1433: 485:

Penetration is rapid at the start but slows down quickly as the tightly wrapped inner layers are reached;

4792: 4722: 4595: 4494: 2608:

Griffin, E. (2012). A First Look at Communication Theory (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 115-117,

950: 921: 905: 520: 292: 119: 70: 3700:

Adler, R.B., Rosenfeld, L.B., Proctor II, R.F., Winder, C. (2012). ocess of Interpersonal Communication

624: 455:

If the early stages take place too quickly, this may be negative for the progress of the relationship.

382:

This context assumes that there are mutual expectations between individuals who are members of a group.

2686:

Pragmatics of human communication : a study of interactional patterns, pathologies, and paradoxes

5003: 4802: 4752: 4717: 4707: 4702: 4191: 2689: 1307: 1261: 1188: 964: 740: 734: 249: 86: 54: 4948: 4923: 3986:

Neuliep, J. (2009). Intercultural communication: A contextual approach (4th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage

1679:"Foundations of interpersonal communication (from Part I: Preliminaries to Interpersonal Messages)" 1176: 857:(1940-2017) theory of personal space defined four zones that carry different messages in the U.S.: 612: 394:

This context involves one's sense of self, or an individual's personal 'definition' of him/herself.

39: 1978:

Foss, K. & Littlejohn, S. (2008). Theories of Human Communication, Ninth Edition. Belmont, CA.

1287: 4787: 4762: 4737: 4662: 4605: 4280: 4066: 3878: 3587: 3482: 3244: 3168: 3098: 3055: 2989: 2862: 2819: 2715: 2663: 2588: 2472:

Littlejohn, S. (1996). Theories of human communication (Ed 5). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.

2448: 2233: 2181: 2138: 1956: 1848: 1791: 1660: 1092: 1081: 773: 4888: 1252: 619:'s theory of psychological types. Communication between types is described using the concept of 3219:

Barki, Henri; Hartwick, Jon (2004). "Conceptualizing the construct of interpersonal conflict".

2415:

Thackray, R. I. (1981). "The stress of boredom and monotony: a consideration of the evidence".

2009:"Uncertain Outcome Values in Predicted Relationships Uncertainty Reduction Theory Then and Now" 4818: 4450: 4404: 4396: 4388: 4371: 4359: 4345: 4331: 4307: 4253: 4224: 4160: 4142: 4099: 4058: 3957: 3922: 3811: 3786: 3763: 3678: 3653: 3628: 3579: 3544: 3536: 3474: 3466: 3431: 3423: 3388: 3378: 3236: 3201: 3191: 3160: 3123: 3090: 3047: 2977: 2967: 2944: 2934: 2908: 2898: 2854: 2811: 2749: 2739: 2703: 2693: 2655: 2609: 2555: 2534: 2524: 2497: 2487: 2440: 2432: 2397: 2360: 2328: 2288: 2261: 2225: 2173: 2098: 2088: 2065: 2030: 1840: 1783: 1625: 1607: 1548: 1489: 1002: 34:

Poster promoting better interpersonal communication in the workplace, late 1930s–early 1940s (

4943: 4868: 4635: 4272: 4199: 4180:"The Impact of Social Media on Climate Change Perceptions: A Case Study of Indonesian Gen-Z" 4150: 4132: 4091: 4050: 3949: 3914: 3870: 3753: 3745: 3571: 3528: 3458: 3415: 3228: 3152: 3082: 3073:

Sibii, Razvan (2010). "Conceptualizing teacher immediacy through the 'companion' metaphor".

3039: 2846: 2803: 2776: 2647: 2580: 2424: 2389: 2320: 2217: 2165: 2130: 2116: 2057: 2020: 1948: 1830: 1822: 1773: 1765: 1652: 1615: 1599: 1540: 1212: 1196: 1161: 1112:

takes place in real time, for example face-to-face discussions and telephone conversations.

442:

Exploratory affective stage: communication styles become somewhat more friendly and relaxed.

298: 30: 1066:

Understanding the context of a situation may lead to an awareness of necessary precautions.

812:

attributions and underestimate internal attributions. This is called actor-observer bias.

17: 4978: 4938: 4928: 4918: 4853: 4843: 4833: 4828: 4655: 899: 512: 504: 479: 428: 237: 1195:. Culture influences verbal communication in a variety of ways, particularly by imposing 4195: 2156:

Levinger, George (1965). "Marital Cohesiveness and Dissolution: An Integrative Review".

1046:

not always be apparent to the individual user, and may involve both benefits and risks.

5013: 5008: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4933: 4908: 4893: 4883: 4878: 4823: 4414:

West, R., Turner, L.H. (2007). Introducing Communication Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.

4382: 4155: 4120: 2061: 2025: 2008: 1952: 1620: 1587: 1544: 1031: 985: 854: 388:

This context refers to a specific event in which the communicative act is taking place.

2208:

Baxter, Leslie A. (2004-10-01). "A Tale of Two Voices: Relational Dialectics Theory".

1643:

Manning, J. (2014). "A Constitutive Approach to Interpersonal Communication Studies".

1484:

Berger, Charles R. (2008). "Interpersonal communication". In Wolfgang Donsbach (ed.).

1152: 5046: 4963: 4958: 4898: 4858: 4838: 4767: 4712: 4600: 4540: 4284: 4070: 3758: 3733: 3591: 3172: 3102: 3059: 2823: 2592: 2517: 2428: 2393: 2142: 1960: 1852: 1795: 1664: 1349: 1328: 4223:. United States of America: Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company. p. 1. 4005: 3882: 3858: 3486: 3248: 2866: 2667: 2452: 2237: 343:. This pressure may be opposed by a natural desire to retain some level of personal 4973: 4913: 4903: 4848: 4550: 4535: 4204: 3624:

Communication for Nursing: How to Prevent Harmful Events and Promote Patient Safety

989: 476:

Peripheral items are exchanged more frequently and sooner than private information;

371:

Regulative rules are "rules of action used to determine how to respond or behave".

3940:

Bourque Bearskin, R. L. (2011). "A critical lens on culture in nursing practice".

3462: 2221: 1556: 1054: 4444: 3918: 3086: 1656: 4953: 4560: 2736:

PROPAGATIONS : thirty years of influence from the mental research institute

2198:

Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self and society Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

1375: 1128: 1116:

can be sent and received at different times, as with text messages and e-mails.

508: 4179: 4035:"Book review: Leila Monaghan, Jane E Goodman and Jennifer Meta Robinson (eds), 4034: 3895:

Intercultural communication: A contextual approach (4th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage

3749: 3532: 4630: 4585: 4580: 4276: 4054: 3874: 2850: 2807: 2780: 2753: 2584: 1603: 1035: 920:

Interpersonal communications can lead to hurt in relationships. Categories of

908:, and each connection due to friendship or other relationship is treated as a 4146: 4062: 3953: 3859:"Nurse-patient interaction and communication: A systematic literature review" 3583: 3540: 3470: 3427: 3354:

Hearn, J., (2006) Interpersonal Deception Theory: Ten Lessons for Negotiators

3240: 3164: 3156: 3094: 3051: 2912: 2858: 2815: 2707: 2659: 2651: 2436: 2401: 2229: 2177: 2102: 2069: 2034: 1844: 1787: 1611: 1552: 4615: 3419: 3392: 3375:

Do political campaigns matter? Campaign effects in elections and referendums

3205: 2948: 1989: 1359: 1322: 1302: 1101: 1030:

theory proposes that most people form their opinions under the influence of

616: 608: 603: 566:

One-down responses are submissive to, or accepting of, another's assertions.

4164: 4137: 4085: 3961: 3926: 3767: 3548: 3478: 3435: 3043: 2501: 1810: 1753: 1629: 924:

include devaluation, relational transgressions, and hurtful communication.

199:

Active strategies: asking others about the person or looking up information

4095: 3575: 3501: 2981: 2538: 2484:

Communication, action, and meaning : the creation of social realities

2444: 2324: 2313:"Relational Dialectics Theory: Crafting Meaning from Competing Discourses" 1826: 1769: 1058:

Understand the context of the situation so you can better execute the task

482:

is reciprocal, especially in the early stages of relationship development;

1529:"Interpersonal communication: Theoretical perspectives, future prospects" 1181: 1166: 1042: 4463: 3857:

Fleischer, S.; Berg, A.; Zimmermann, M.; Wüste, K.; Behrens, J. (2009).

3314:"Improving Communication Skills in Your Work and Personal Relationships" 1260:

Communication skills develop throughout one's lifetime. The majority of

1256:

Pie chart of verbal (20%) and non-verbal (80%) communication in infants.

569:

One-up responses are in opposition to, or counter, another's assertions.

4672: 4640: 4356:

Getting Past No: Negotiating Your Way from Confrontation to Cooperation

3363:

Lenhart, A., Duggan, M., (2014) Couples, the Internet, and Social Media

2317:

Engaging Theories in Interpersonal Communication: Multiple Perspectives

1354: 1145: 1105:

issues that distract them from the current conversation with a client.

1041:

It is not clear whether or how social networking through sites such as

344: 4037:

A Cultural Approach to Interpersonal Communication: Essential Readings

3264:"Face time vs. screen time: The technological impact on communication" 2185: 1835: 1778: 4650: 4645: 3232: 4443:

Isa N. Engleberg; Dianna R. Wynn; Maria Roberts (17 February 2014).

4358:, revised second edition, Bantam, January 1, 1993, trade paperback, 4403:. The first edition, unrevised, Houghton Mifflin, 1981, hardcover, 2897:. Littlejohn, Stephen W. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. 2767:

Beavin, J (1990). "Behaving and communicating: a reply to Motley".

2169: 2134: 4250:

Social Penetration: The Development of Interpersonal Relationships

2519:

Social penetration: the development of interpersonal relationships

1251: 1151: 1061: 1053: 981: 448:

Stable exchange: continued open and personal types of interaction.

118: 29: 4125:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

3785:(3. ed.). Thousand Oaks, Ca. : Sage Publ. pp. 680–725. 3345:

Lipthrott, D., What IS Relationship? What is Ethical Partnership?

1713:

Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science

1586:

Bylund, Carma L.; Peterson, Emily B.; Cameron, Kenzie A. (2012).

488:

De-penetration is a gradual process of layer-by-layer withdrawal.

3312:

Robinson, Lawrence; Segal, Jeanne; Smith, Melinda (2015-09-18).

4467: 3677:(3. ed.). Thousand Oaks, Ca. : Sage Publ. pp. 2–21. 1915: 1369: 192:

According to the theory, we reduce uncertainty in three ways:

2353:

Anderson, Rob; Baxter, Leslie A.; Cissna, Kenneth N. (2004).

4084:

Antos, Gerd; Ventola, Eija; Weber, Tilo, eds. (2008-10-20).

3673:

Knapp, M.L.; Daly, J.A.; Albada, K.F.; Miller, G.R. (2002).

2839:

European Journal of Cross-Cultural Competence and Management

322:

relationship can result in the loss of individual identity.

4387:, Revised 2nd edition, Penguin USA, 1991, trade paperback, 2380:

Baxter, Leslie (March 2004). "Relationships as Dialogues".

1867:"Principles of Interpersonal Communication | SkillsYouNeed" 1739:

Choices & Connections: An Introduction to Communication

1488:. New York, New York: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 3671–3682. 2087:. Huston, Ted L. Burlington: Elsevier Science. p. 4. 791:

Make judgments about the intention of a particular action.

362:

establishing rules for creating and interpreting meaning.

202:

Interactive strategies: asking questions, self-disclosure.

4446:

THINK Interpersonal Communication, First Canadian Edition

4342:

Difficult Conversations: How to Discuss What Matters Most

4178:

Calista, Yasmine; Yenni, Siswantini (15 September 2023).

3905:

Smith, L. S. (2014). "Reaching for cultural competence".

3734:"Improving Clinical Communication A View From Psychology" 2284:

Dialectical Approaches to Studying Personal Relationships

1891:"Understanding and Enhancing Interpersonal Communication" 725:

about future revelations of information to the violator.

615:(intertype relationships) based on a modified version of 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3016:

Donsbach, Wolfgang (2008). Cognitive Dissonance Theory.

2356:

Dialogue: Theorizing Difference in Communication Studies

2281:

Montgomery, Barbara M.; Baxter, Leslie A. (2013-09-13).

2254:

Baxter, Leslie A.; Montgomery, Barbara M. (1996-05-17).

4395:; Houghton Mifflin, April, 1992, hardcover, 200 pages, 3738:

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association

1974: 1972: 1970: 3973: 3971: 2878: 2876: 954:

affect individuals, interactions, and relationships."

2931:

Boundaries of privacy : dialectics of disclosure

807:

Fundamental attribution error and actor-observer bias

4306:(9th ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 115–117, 4252:, New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, p. 3, 472:

The theory explains the following key observations:

255:

meanings they assign to people, things, and events.

4811: 4690: 4519: 3696: 3694: 1400:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4368:Getting Past No: Negotiating with Difficult People 3843:Samovar, L.A. Porter, R.E. McDaniel, E.R. (2009). 3832:A Cultural Approach to Interpersonal Communication 2516: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 1479: 1477: 933:relationship to be close, important, or valuable. 139:Communication can be intentional and unintentional 4370:, Bantam, September, 1991, hardcover, 161 pages, 4328:Making Social Worlds: A Communication Perspective 3373:Farrell, David M.; Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger (2002). 1895:Explore Our Extensive Counselling Article Library 1187:Communication between cultures may occur through 976:Technology and interpersonal communication skills 4340:Stone, Douglas; Patton, Bruce and Heen, Sheila. 3289:"Is Social Media Sabotaging Real Communication?" 3018:The International Encyclopedia of Communication. 2311:Baxter, Leslie A.; Braithwaite, Dawn O. (2008), 4380:Ury, William; Fisher, Roger and Patton, Bruce. 3652:(3. ed.). Thousand Oaks, Ca. : Sage Publ. 1486:The International Encyclopedia of Communication 3506:Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers 3020:Donsbach, Wolfgang (ed). Blackwell Publishing. 2933:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 683:relationship rather than a tension within it. 115:Interpersonal communication process principles 4479: 4320:. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 3810:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 2486:. Cronen, Vernon E. New York, N.Y.: Praeger. 2319:, SAGE Publications, Inc., pp. 349–362, 1711:Edward, Craighead; Nemeroff, Charles (2004). 1514:Dictionary of Media and Communication Studies 431:, progressing more deeply into the "layers". 8: 4293:Interpersonal Communication: The Whole Story 3221:International Journal of Conflict Management 3145:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 2895:Facework : bridging theory and practice 1222:Interpersonal Communication and Social Media 2998:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2085:Social Exchange in Developing Relationships 611:proposes a theory of relationships between 572:One-across responses are neutral in nature. 4486: 4472: 4464: 3002:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2994:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2720:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2623: 2621: 2604: 2602: 1994:English Technical Reports and White Papers 1916:"Iowa State University Digital Repository" 4385:: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving in 4318:The psychology of Interpersonal Relations 4248:Altman, Irwin; Taylor, Dalmas A. (1973). 4203: 4154: 4136: 3847:. Boston, MA: Wadsworth CENGAGE Learning. 3757: 2550: 2548: 2515:Altman, Irwin; Taylor, Dalmas A. (1973). 2024: 1834: 1777: 1737:McCornack, Steven; Ortiz, Joseph (2022). 1619: 1460:Learn how and when to remove this message 500:Relational patterns of interaction theory 259:in this theory: society, self, and mind. 196:Passive strategies: observing the person. 110:Foundation of interpersonal communication 2523:. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 664:Relational stages of identity management 4087:Handbook of Interpersonal Communication 3783:Handbook of interpersonal communication 3675:Handbook of interpersonal communication 3650:Handbook of interpersonal communication 2769:Western Journal of Speech Communication 2119:(1958). "Social Behavior as Exchange". 1473: 693:Communication privacy management theory 687:Communication privacy management theory 4028: 4026: 3732:Parker, Julie; Coiera, Enrico (2000). 3648:Knapp, Mark L.; Daly, John A. (2002). 2987: 2713: 161:people are engaged and in the moment. 73:; and 6) social interactions that are 2924: 2922: 2679: 2677: 2306: 2304: 2249: 2247: 2007:BERGER, CHARLES R. (September 1986). 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1507: 1505: 492:Computer-mediated social penetration 7: 4304:A First Look at Communication Theory 4119:Han, Ruixia; Xu, Jian (March 2023). 3781:Thompson, T.L.; Parrott, R. (2002). 3702:. Don Mills: Oxford University Press 1398:adding citations to reliable sources 1034:, who in turn are influenced by the 562:There are three kinds of responses: 27:Exchange of information among people 3834:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. 3830:Monaghan, L. Goodman, J.E. (2007). 2962:Festinger, Leon, 1919-1989 (1962). 2929:Petronio, Sandra Sporbert. (2002). 799:stressors that led to distraction. 4330:, Wiley-Blackwell, January, 2008, 2257:Relating: Dialogues and Dialectics 2062:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1983.tb00004.x 2026:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00093.x 1953:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00258.x 1545:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb02680.x 1512:Watson, James; Hill, Anne (2015). 511:tradition. Watzlawick, his mentor 25: 4219:Reilly, Abigail Peterson (1980). 1527:Berger, Charles R. (2005-09-01). 1298:Coordinated Management of Meaning 1248:Developmental Progress (maturity) 598:Theory of intertype relationships 460:chances of a future relationship. 357:Coordinated management of meaning 351:Coordinated management of meaning 5027: 5026: 4681: 3116:Parks, Malcolm R. (2011-08-26). 2964:A theory of cognitive dissonance 2429:10.1097/00006842-198104000-00008 2394:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00068.x 1592:Patient Education and Counseling 1374: 783:Steps to the attribution process 759:Types of cognitive relationships 212:motivated information management 4546:Computer-mediated communication 4366:; 1st edition under the title, 3621:McHugh Schuste, Pamela (2010). 3408:Journal of Health Communication 3262:Johnson, Chandra (2014-08-29). 2210:Journal of Family Communication 1809:Westerik, Henk (January 2009). 1752:Westerik, Henk (January 2009). 1385:needs additional citations for 1022:Relevance to mass communication 788:Observe the behavior or action. 405:finally the archetype context. 309:The three relational dialectics 3845:Communication Between Cultures 2796:Communication Research Reports 2158:Journal of Marriage and Family 1990:"Uncertainty Reduction Theory" 1028:two-step flow of communication 317:Connectedness vs. separateness 130:Communication is transactional 1: 3500:Drussell, John (2012-05-01). 3463:10.1080/10410236.2017.1331184 3186:Vangelisti, Anita L. (1994). 2222:10.1080/15267431.2004.9670130 2122:American Journal of Sociology 1409:"Interpersonal communication" 1172:Value (personal and cultural) 156:Communication Is Unrepeatable 148:Communication Is Irreversible 4668:Text and conversation theory 4205:10.1051/e3sconf/202342601052 3919:10.1097/PSN.0000000000000059 3627:. USA: F. A. Davis Company. 3190:. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. 3087:10.1080/13562517.2010.491908 3075:Teaching in Higher Education 2482:Pearce, W. Barnett. (1980). 2050:Human Communication Research 2013:Human Communication Research 1988:Redmond, Mark (2015-01-01). 1941:Human Communication Research 1657:10.1080/10510974.2014.927294 1345:Organizational communication 822:Expectancy violations theory 816:Expectancy violations theory 287:Relational dialectics theory 176:Uncertainty reduction theory 170:Uncertainty reduction theory 36:Work Projects Administration 5053:Interpersonal communication 4297:bibliographical information 4033:Lewis, Marilyn (Feb 2014). 2083:Burgess, Robert L. (2013). 1516:(9th ed.). Bloomsbury. 1279:Interpersonal communication 1114:Asynchronous communications 963:parties as they experience 729:Cognitive dissonance theory 711:Co-ownership of information 47:Interpersonal communication 18:Interpersonal Communication 5079: 4295:, New York: McGraw-Hill. ( 4265:Journal of Business Ethics 3750:10.1136/jamia.2000.0070453 3564:Journal of School Violence 3533:10.1037/0012-1649.42.3.391 2573:Journal of Business Ethics 1335:Interpersonal relationship 1318:Friedemann Schulz von Thun 897: 878: 819: 771: 732: 690: 637:Identity management theory 634: 631:Identity management theory 601: 412: 354: 290: 247: 221: 173: 63:face-to-face communication 5022: 4679: 4501: 4055:10.1177/1461445613510812d 3875:10.1007/s10389-008-0238-1 2893:Domenici, Kathy. (2006). 2851:10.1504/EJCCM.2009.026733 2808:10.1080/08824090701439091 2781:10.1080/10570319009374362 2684:Watzlawick, Paul (2014). 1688:. Pearson. Archived from 1604:10.1016/j.pec.2011.10.006 1288:Resources in your library 1110:Synchronous communication 937:Relational transgressions 881:Pedagogical communication 875:Pedagogical communication 517:Mental Research Institute 415:Social penetration theory 409:Social penetration theory 341:social penetration theory 326:Certainty vs. uncertainty 4626:Nonviolent communication 4556:History of communication 3954:10.1177/0969733011408048 3907:Plastic Surgical Nursing 3863:Journal of Public Health 3808:Communication in nursing 3521:Developmental Psychology 3157:10.1177/0265407501182007 2966:. Stanford, California. 2652:10.1177/0093650210365537 1533:Journal of Communication 1340:Nonviolent Communication 1313:Face-to-face interaction 527:Ubiquitous communication 4621:Nonverbal communication 4611:Models of communication 4277:10.1023/a:1006016113319 4010:www.merriam-webster.com 3420:10.1080/108107396128040 3032:Communication Education 2585:10.1023/a:1006016113319 1741:. Bedford/St. Martin's. 1576:Knapp & Daly, 2011) 1193:nonverbal communication 646:Establishing identities 577:Complementary exchanges 545:Patterns of interaction 515:and the members of the 335:Openness vs. closedness 67:deceptive communication 59:nonverbal communication 4221:The Communication Game 4184:E3S Web of Conferences 4138:10.3390/ijerph17061883 4006:"Definition of GENDER" 3044:10.1080/03634520216521 2640:Communication Research 2417:Psychosomatic Medicine 2382:Personal Relationships 1715:(3rd ed.). Wiley. 1686:Interpersonal Messages 1257: 1157: 1124:Linguistic backgrounds 1067: 1059: 958:Interpersonal conflict 621:information metabolism 229:Social exchange theory 224:Social exchange theory 218:Social exchange theory 208:uncertainty management 123: 75:mediated by technology 43: 5063:Communication studies 4773:Mediated cross-border 4495:Communication studies 4449:. Pearson Education. 4291:Floyd, Kory. (2009). 4096:10.1515/9783110211399 4090:. Mouton de Gruyter. 3576:10.1300/J202v01n02_04 3377:. London: Routledge. 2690:Bavelas, Janet Beavin 2325:10.4135/9781483329529 1871:www.skillsyouneed.com 1827:10.1515/comm.2009.007 1770:10.1515/comm.2009.007 1645:Communication Studies 1255: 1155: 1065: 1057: 980:Technologies such as 951:Hurtful communication 946:Hurtful communication 591:is also symmetrical. 586:Symmetrical exchanges 293:Relational dialectics 122: 71:relational dialectics 33: 4708:Communication theory 4703:Communication design 4302:Griffin, E. (2012). 3806:Kron, Thora (1972). 3451:Health Communication 2287:. Psychology Press. 1394:improve this article 1308:Decision downloading 1262:language development 1189:verbal communication 741:cognitive dissonance 735:Cognitive dissonance 391:Self-concept context 379:Relationship context 250:Symbolic interaction 244:Symbolic interaction 55:verbal communication 5058:Human communication 4316:Heider, F. (1958). 4196:2023E3SWC.42601052C 3122:SAGE Publications. 2738:. ROUTLEDGE. 2016. 1177:Social organization 720:Boundary turbulence 613:psychological types 87:qualitative methods 40:Library of Congress 38:Poster Collection, 4738:Discourse analysis 4663:Telecommunications 4606:Meta-communication 3287:Tardanico, Susan. 2260:. Guilford Press. 1920:lib.dr.iastate.edu 1695:on August 7, 2015. 1258: 1158: 1136:Culture and Gender 1093:Situational milieu 1088:Situational milieu 1068: 1060: 965:negative emotional 774:Attribution theory 768:Attribution theory 655:Cultural influence 554:Relational control 124: 44: 5040: 5039: 4456:978-0-205-99284-3 4344:, Penguin, 1999, 4326:Pearce, Barnett. 4312:978-0-07-353430-5 4230:978-0-931562-05-1 4105:978-3-11-018830-1 4043:Discourse Studies 3817:978-0-7216-5521-5 3792:978-0-7619-2160-8 3684:978-0-7619-2160-8 3659:978-0-7619-2160-8 2614:978-0-07-353430-5 2117:Homans, George C. 1495:978-1-4051-3199-5 1470: 1469: 1462: 1444: 1274:Library resources 1197:language barriers 1003:Attachment theory 397:Archetype context 16:(Redirected from 5070: 5030: 5029: 4685: 4636:Public relations 4531:Biocommunication 4488: 4481: 4474: 4465: 4460: 4288: 4235: 4234: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4158: 4140: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4030: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4017: 4002: 3996: 3993: 3987: 3984: 3978: 3975: 3966: 3965: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3902: 3896: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3854: 3848: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3761: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3689: 3688: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3618: 3612: 3609: 3596: 3595: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3370: 3364: 3361: 3355: 3352: 3346: 3343: 3337: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3324: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3300: 3299: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3233:10.1108/eb022913 3216: 3210: 3209: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3027: 3021: 3014: 3008: 3007: 2993: 2985: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2926: 2917: 2916: 2890: 2884: 2880: 2871: 2870: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2732: 2726: 2725: 2719: 2711: 2681: 2672: 2671: 2634: 2628: 2625: 2616: 2606: 2597: 2596: 2568: 2562: 2552: 2543: 2542: 2522: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2479: 2473: 2470: 2457: 2456: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2308: 2299: 2298: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2251: 2242: 2241: 2216:(3–4): 181–192. 2205: 2199: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2113: 2107: 2106: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2045: 2039: 2038: 2028: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1965: 1964: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1927: 1926: 1912: 1906: 1905: 1903: 1902: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1877: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1838: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1781: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1734: 1717: 1716: 1708: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1683: 1675: 1669: 1668: 1640: 1634: 1633: 1623: 1583: 1577: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1564: 1555:. Archived from 1524: 1518: 1517: 1509: 1500: 1499: 1481: 1465: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1445: 1443: 1402: 1378: 1370: 1213:active listening 1162:Cultural history 1075:context and the 855:Edward T. Hall's 21: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5068: 5067: 5043: 5042: 5041: 5036: 5018: 4807: 4686: 4677: 4524: 4522: 4515: 4497: 4492: 4457: 4442: 4439: 4437:Further reading 4434: 4262: 4244: 4239: 4238: 4231: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4106: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4032: 4031: 4024: 4015: 4013: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3990: 3985: 3981: 3976: 3969: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3890: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3842: 3838: 3829: 3825: 3818: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3699: 3692: 3685: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3660: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3635: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3599: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3457:(8): 988–1003. 3448: 3447: 3443: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3385: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3322: 3320: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3297: 3295: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3272: 3270: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3198: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3130: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3015: 3011: 2986: 2974: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2941: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2905: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2881: 2874: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2766: 2765: 2761: 2746: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2712: 2700: 2683: 2682: 2675: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2619: 2607: 2600: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2553: 2546: 2531: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2494: 2481: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2460: 2414: 2413: 2409: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2367: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2310: 2309: 2302: 2295: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2268: 2253: 2252: 2245: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2193: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2095: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1968: 1938: 1937: 1933: 1924: 1922: 1914: 1913: 1909: 1900: 1898: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1875: 1873: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1736: 1735: 1720: 1710: 1709: 1700: 1692: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1672: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1585: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1562: 1560: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1511: 1510: 1503: 1496: 1483: 1482: 1475: 1466: 1455: 1449: 1446: 1403: 1401: 1391: 1379: 1368: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1282: 1281: 1277: 1270: 1250: 1224: 1205: 1143: 1138: 1126: 1090: 1052: 1032:opinion leaders 1024: 999: 978: 960: 948: 939: 930: 918: 902: 900:Social networks 896: 894:Social networks 883: 877: 851: 842: 833: 824: 818: 809: 785: 776: 770: 761: 737: 731: 722: 713: 704: 695: 689: 666: 657: 648: 639: 633: 625:Antoni Kępiński 606: 600: 588: 579: 556: 547: 538: 529: 513:Gregory Bateson 505:Paul Watzlawick 502: 480:Self-disclosure 429:self-disclosure 423:"Onion theory" 417: 411: 385:Episode context 359: 353: 337: 328: 319: 311: 295: 289: 252: 246: 226: 220: 178: 172: 167: 158: 150: 141: 132: 117: 112: 99: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5076: 5074: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5045: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4778:Organizational 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4728:Cross-cultural 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4694: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4576:Intrapersonal 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4527: 4525: 4520: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4513: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4483: 4476: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4455: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4411: 4383:Getting to Yes 4378: 4354:Ury, William. 4352: 4338: 4324: 4321: 4314: 4300: 4289: 4260: 4258:978-0030766350 4245: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4229: 4211: 4170: 4111: 4104: 4076: 4049:(1): 115–117. 4022: 3997: 3988: 3979: 3967: 3948:(4): 548–559. 3942:Nursing Ethics 3932: 3913:(3): 120–126. 3897: 3888: 3869:(5): 339–353. 3849: 3836: 3823: 3816: 3798: 3791: 3773: 3744:(5): 453–461. 3724: 3705: 3690: 3683: 3665: 3658: 3640: 3633: 3613: 3597: 3554: 3527:(3): 391–394. 3511: 3492: 3441: 3414:(3): 247–265. 3398: 3383: 3365: 3356: 3347: 3338: 3329: 3304: 3279: 3254: 3227:(3): 216–244. 3211: 3196: 3178: 3151:(2): 291–308. 3135: 3128: 3108: 3081:(5): 531–542. 3065: 3038:(4): 383–391. 3022: 3009: 2972: 2954: 2939: 2918: 2903: 2885: 2872: 2829: 2802:(3): 215–224. 2786: 2775:(4): 593–602. 2759: 2745:978-1138983984 2744: 2727: 2698: 2673: 2629: 2617: 2598: 2563: 2560:978-0030766350 2544: 2529: 2507: 2492: 2474: 2458: 2423:(2): 165–176. 2407: 2372: 2365: 2345: 2333: 2300: 2293: 2273: 2266: 2243: 2200: 2191: 2170:10.2307/349801 2148: 2135:10.1086/222355 2129:(6): 597–606. 2108: 2093: 2075: 2040: 1999: 1980: 1966: 1931: 1907: 1882: 1858: 1821:(1): 103–104. 1815:Communications 1801: 1764:(1): 103–104. 1758:Communications 1744: 1718: 1698: 1670: 1651:(4): 432–440. 1635: 1598:(3): 261–267. 1578: 1569: 1539:(3): 415–447. 1519: 1501: 1494: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1382: 1380: 1373: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1291: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1223: 1220: 1204: 1201: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1125: 1122: 1096:also milieus. 1089: 1086: 1051: 1048: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 998: 995: 986:text messaging 977: 974: 959: 956: 947: 944: 938: 935: 929: 926: 917: 914: 898:Main article: 895: 892: 879:Main article: 876: 873: 872: 871: 868: 865: 862: 850: 847: 841: 840:Reward valence 838: 832: 829: 820:Main article: 817: 814: 808: 805: 796: 795: 792: 789: 784: 781: 772:Main article: 769: 766: 760: 757: 739:The theory of 733:Main article: 730: 727: 721: 718: 712: 709: 703: 700: 691:Main article: 688: 685: 665: 662: 656: 653: 647: 644: 635:Main article: 632: 629: 602:Main article: 599: 596: 587: 584: 578: 575: 574: 573: 570: 567: 555: 552: 546: 543: 537: 534: 528: 525: 501: 498: 490: 489: 486: 483: 477: 469:takes place." 462: 461: 453: 452: 449: 446: 443: 440: 413:Main article: 410: 407: 402: 401: 398: 395: 392: 389: 386: 383: 380: 355:Main article: 352: 349: 336: 333: 327: 324: 318: 315: 310: 307: 291:Main article: 288: 285: 280: 279: 276: 273: 270: 267: 264: 248:Main article: 245: 242: 222:Main article: 219: 216: 204: 203: 200: 197: 174:Main article: 171: 168: 166: 163: 157: 154: 149: 146: 140: 137: 131: 128: 116: 113: 111: 108: 98: 95: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5075: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5033: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4768:Media studies 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4758:International 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4743:Environmental 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4733:Developmental 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4713:Communicology 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4684: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4601:Media ecology 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4571:Interpersonal 4569: 4567: 4566:Intercultural 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4541:Communication 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4489: 4484: 4482: 4477: 4475: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4458: 4452: 4448: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4409:0-395-31757-6 4406: 4402: 4401:0-395-63124-6 4398: 4394: 4393:0-14-015735-2 4390: 4386: 4384: 4379: 4377: 4376:0-553-07274-9 4373: 4369: 4365: 4364:0-553-37131-2 4361: 4357: 4353: 4351: 4350:0-14-028852-X 4347: 4343: 4339: 4337: 4336:1-4051-6260-0 4333: 4329: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4315: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4241: 4232: 4226: 4222: 4215: 4212: 4206: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4174: 4171: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4115: 4112: 4107: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4088: 4080: 4077: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4038: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4011: 4007: 4001: 3998: 3992: 3989: 3983: 3980: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3901: 3898: 3892: 3889: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3853: 3850: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3824: 3819: 3813: 3809: 3802: 3799: 3794: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3725: 3721:(3): 642–652. 3720: 3716: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3697: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3680: 3676: 3669: 3666: 3661: 3655: 3651: 3644: 3641: 3636: 3634:9780803625303 3630: 3626: 3625: 3617: 3614: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3558: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3512: 3507: 3503: 3496: 3493: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3445: 3442: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3402: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3380: 3376: 3369: 3366: 3360: 3357: 3351: 3348: 3342: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3319: 3315: 3308: 3305: 3294: 3290: 3283: 3280: 3269: 3265: 3258: 3255: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3215: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3193: 3189: 3182: 3179: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3139: 3136: 3131: 3129:9781506318950 3125: 3121: 3120: 3112: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3069: 3066: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3026: 3023: 3019: 3013: 3010: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2991: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2969: 2965: 2958: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2932: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2904:9781452222578 2900: 2896: 2889: 2886: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2833: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2790: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2763: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2741: 2737: 2731: 2728: 2723: 2717: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2699:9780393710595 2695: 2691: 2687: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2633: 2630: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2557: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2526: 2521: 2520: 2511: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2489: 2485: 2478: 2475: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2411: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2376: 2373: 2368: 2366:9780761926702 2362: 2358: 2357: 2349: 2346: 2336: 2334:9781412938525 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2294:9781135452063 2290: 2286: 2285: 2277: 2274: 2269: 2267:9781572301016 2263: 2259: 2258: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2204: 2201: 2195: 2192: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2152: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2112: 2109: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2094:9781483261300 2090: 2086: 2079: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2044: 2041: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2003: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1984: 1981: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1947:(2): 99–112. 1946: 1942: 1935: 1932: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1908: 1896: 1892: 1886: 1883: 1872: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1805: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1748: 1745: 1740: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1691: 1687: 1680: 1674: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1639: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1582: 1579: 1573: 1570: 1559:on 2023-04-05 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1523: 1520: 1515: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1491: 1487: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1464: 1461: 1453: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1411: – 1410: 1406: 1405:Find sources: 1399: 1395: 1389: 1388: 1383:This article 1381: 1377: 1372: 1371: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1350:People skills 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1330: 1329:Ishin-denshin 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1254: 1247: 1245: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1209: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1150: 1147: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1103: 1097: 1094: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1078: 1074: 1073:retrospective 1064: 1056: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1021: 1015: 1013:Negotiators." 1011: 1009:Partnership?" 1007: 1004: 1001: 1000: 996: 994: 991: 987: 983: 975: 973: 969: 966: 957: 955: 952: 945: 943: 936: 934: 927: 925: 923: 915: 913: 911: 907: 901: 893: 891: 887: 882: 874: 869: 866: 863: 860: 859: 858: 856: 848: 846: 839: 837: 830: 828: 823: 815: 813: 806: 804: 800: 793: 790: 787: 786: 782: 780: 775: 767: 765: 758: 756: 752: 748: 744: 742: 736: 728: 726: 719: 717: 710: 708: 701: 699: 694: 686: 684: 681: 680:renegotiation 676: 671: 663: 661: 654: 652: 645: 643: 638: 630: 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 605: 597: 595: 592: 585: 583: 576: 571: 568: 565: 564: 563: 560: 553: 551: 544: 542: 535: 533: 526: 524: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 499: 497: 493: 487: 484: 481: 478: 475: 474: 473: 470: 466: 458: 457: 456: 450: 447: 444: 441: 438: 437: 436: 432: 430: 424: 421: 416: 408: 406: 399: 396: 393: 390: 387: 384: 381: 378: 377: 376: 372: 369: 366: 363: 358: 350: 348: 346: 342: 334: 332: 325: 323: 316: 314: 308: 306: 302: 300: 294: 286: 284: 277: 274: 271: 268: 265: 262: 261: 260: 256: 251: 243: 241: 239: 233: 230: 225: 217: 215: 213: 209: 201: 198: 195: 194: 193: 190: 186: 182: 177: 169: 164: 162: 155: 153: 147: 145: 138: 136: 129: 127: 121: 114: 109: 107: 103: 96: 94: 90: 88: 82: 78: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 51: 48: 41: 37: 32: 19: 4570: 4551:Conversation 4536:Broadcasting 4445: 4381: 4367: 4355: 4341: 4327: 4317: 4303: 4292: 4271:(1): 39–49. 4268: 4264: 4249: 4242:Bibliography 4220: 4214: 4187: 4183: 4173: 4128: 4124: 4114: 4086: 4079: 4046: 4042: 4036: 4014:. Retrieved 4012:. 2023-12-01 4009: 4000: 3991: 3982: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3910: 3906: 3900: 3891: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3844: 3839: 3831: 3826: 3807: 3801: 3782: 3776: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3701: 3674: 3668: 3649: 3643: 3623: 3616: 3570:(2): 51–71. 3567: 3563: 3557: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3505: 3495: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3411: 3407: 3401: 3374: 3368: 3359: 3350: 3341: 3332: 3321:. Retrieved 3317: 3307: 3296:. Retrieved 3292: 3282: 3271:. Retrieved 3268:Deseret News 3267: 3257: 3224: 3220: 3214: 3187: 3181: 3148: 3144: 3138: 3118: 3111: 3078: 3074: 3068: 3035: 3031: 3025: 3017: 3012: 2963: 2957: 2930: 2894: 2888: 2842: 2838: 2832: 2799: 2795: 2789: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2735: 2730: 2685: 2646:(1): 27–53. 2643: 2639: 2632: 2579:(1): 39–49. 2576: 2572: 2566: 2518: 2510: 2483: 2477: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2355: 2348: 2338:, retrieved 2316: 2283: 2276: 2256: 2213: 2209: 2203: 2194: 2164:(1): 19–28. 2161: 2157: 2151: 2126: 2120: 2111: 2084: 2078: 2056:(1): 55–79. 2053: 2049: 2043: 2019:(1): 34–38. 2016: 2012: 2002: 1993: 1983: 1944: 1940: 1934: 1923:. Retrieved 1919: 1910: 1899:. Retrieved 1897:. 2016-06-07 1894: 1885: 1874:. Retrieved 1870: 1861: 1818: 1814: 1804: 1761: 1757: 1747: 1738: 1712: 1690:the original 1685: 1673: 1648: 1644: 1638: 1595: 1591: 1581: 1572: 1561:. Retrieved 1557:the original 1536: 1532: 1522: 1513: 1485: 1456: 1450:January 2011 1447: 1437: 1430: 1423: 1416: 1404: 1392:Please help 1387:verification 1384: 1327: 1278: 1259: 1243: 1225: 1217: 1210: 1206: 1186: 1144: 1127: 1118: 1107: 1098: 1091: 1076: 1072: 1069: 1040: 1025: 990:social media 979: 970: 961: 949: 940: 931: 919: 903: 888: 884: 852: 843: 836:deviations. 834: 825: 810: 801: 797: 777: 762: 753: 749: 745: 738: 723: 714: 705: 696: 679: 674: 669: 667: 658: 649: 640: 623:proposed by 607: 593: 589: 580: 561: 557: 548: 539: 536:Expectations 530: 503: 494: 491: 471: 467: 463: 454: 433: 425: 422: 418: 403: 373: 370: 367: 364: 360: 338: 329: 320: 312: 303: 296: 281: 257: 253: 234: 227: 205: 191: 187: 183: 179: 159: 151: 142: 133: 125: 104: 100: 91: 83: 79: 52: 46: 45: 4698:Closed-loop 4561:Information 4523:terminology 4190:(1052): 8. 4131:(6): 1883. 3318:PDResources 1129:Linguistics 928:Devaluation 5047:Categories 5014:Wertheimer 4894:Horkheimer 4631:Propaganda 4586:Mass media 4581:Journalism 4521:Topics and 4016:2023-12-08 3384:0415255937 3323:2019-09-05 3298:2019-09-05 3273:2019-09-05 3197:0805811672 2973:0804709114 2940:0585492468 2754:1009245842 2530:0030766354 2493:0275905349 2340:2019-09-04 1925:2021-02-18 1901:2022-04-10 1876:2022-04-10 1836:2066/77153 1779:2066/77153 1563:2019-10-06 1420:newspapers 1366:References 1036:mass media 702:Boundaries 675:enmeshment 509:cybernetic 4798:Technical 4783:Political 4691:Subfields 4616:New media 4285:142611191 4147:1661-7827 4071:151833065 4063:1461-4456 3592:144349494 3584:1538-8220 3541:1939-0599 3471:1532-7027 3428:1081-0730 3241:1044-4068 3173:145723384 3165:0265-4075 3103:145527656 3095:1356-2517 3060:143506740 3052:0363-4523 2990:cite book 2913:804858912 2859:1758-1508 2845:(1): 42. 2824:144186728 2816:0882-4096 2716:cite book 2708:881386568 2660:0093-6502 2593:142611191 2437:0033-3174 2402:1350-4126 2230:1526-7431 2178:0022-2445 2143:145134536 2103:897642908 2070:0360-3989 2035:0360-3989 1961:144506084 1853:143410862 1845:0341-2059 1796:143410862 1788:0341-2059 1665:144637097 1612:0738-3991 1553:1460-2466 1360:Socionics 1323:I-message 1303:Criticism 1102:cognitive 849:Proxemics 617:C.G. Jung 609:Socionics 604:Socionics 521:Palo Alto 5032:Category 4984:Richards 4909:Jakobson 4889:Habermas 4844:Castells 4834:Benjamin 4812:Scholars 4165:32183217 3962:21673120 3927:25188850 3883:40220721 3768:10984464 3549:16756431 3487:21446721 3479:28622003 3436:10947363 3393:49395522 3249:18250620 3206:28506031 2949:54481653 2867:53391171 2668:42955338 2453:22333772 2388:(1): 8. 2359:. SAGE. 2238:15370132 1630:22112396 1268:See also 1182:Language 1167:Religion 1077:emergent 1043:Facebook 972:status. 238:Levinger 165:Theories 5004:Tankard 4999:Shannon 4994:Schramm 4979:Quebral 4974:Postman 4964:Packard 4944:McLuhan 4939:Marcuse 4934:Luhmann 4929:Lippman 4924:Kincaid 4919:Johnson 4884:Goffman 4879:Gerbner 4869:Flusser 4849:Chomsky 4829:Bateson 4824:Barthes 4793:Science 4723:Climate 4673:Writing 4641:Reading 4591:Meaning 4511:Outline 4506:History 4192:Bibcode 4156:7142584 2502:6735774 2445:7267937 1621:3297682 1434:scholar 1355:Rapport 1146:Culture 1141:Culture 1050:Context 1017:Media." 831:Arousal 345:privacy 263:Society 97:History 61:during 5009:Tannen 4989:Rogers 4969:Peirce 4954:Morgan 4899:Huxley 4874:Gasset 4864:Fisher 4819:Adorno 4803:Visual 4753:Health 4748:Global 4718:Crisis 4651:Symbol 4646:Speech 4453: 4407: 4399: 4391: 4374: 4362: 4348: 4334: 4310: 4283: 4256: 4227: 4163: 4153: 4145: 4102: 4069: 4061: 3960: 3925: 3881: 3814: 3789: 3766: 3756: 3681: 3656: 3631: 3590: 3582: 3547: 3539: 3485: 3477: 3469: 3434: 3426: 3391: 3381: 3293:Forbes 3247: 3239: 3204: 3194: 3171: 3163: 3126: 3101: 3093: 3058: 3050: 2982:921356 2980: 2970: 2947: 2937: 2911: 2901: 2865: 2857: 2822: 2814: 2752: 2742: 2706: 2696: 2666: 2658: 2612: 2591: 2558: 2539:623272 2537: 2527: 2500: 2490: 2451: 2443: 2435: 2400: 2363: 2331: 2291: 2264: 2236: 2228: 2186:349801 2184: 2176: 2141: 2101: 2091: 2068: 2033: 1959: 1851: 1843: 1794: 1786: 1663: 1628: 1618: 1610: 1551: 1492: 1436: 1429: 1422: 1415: 1407: 1276:about 1203:Gender 1082:milieu 997:Others 299:praxis 4914:Janis 4904:Innis 4859:Ellul 4854:Craig 4839:Burke 4596:Media 4431:2016. 4281:S2CID 4067:S2CID 3879:S2CID 3759:79040 3588:S2CID 3483:S2CID 3245:S2CID 3169:S2CID 3099:S2CID 3056:S2CID 2883:Sage. 2863:S2CID 2820:S2CID 2664:S2CID 2589:S2CID 2449:S2CID 2234:S2CID 2182:JSTOR 2139:S2CID 1957:S2CID 1849:S2CID 1792:S2CID 1693:(PDF) 1682:(PDF) 1661:S2CID 1441:JSTOR 1427:books 982:email 670:trial 69:; 5) 4949:Mead 4788:Risk 4763:Mass 4656:list 4451:ISBN 4405:ISBN 4397:ISBN 4389:ISBN 4372:ISBN 4360:ISBN 4346:ISBN 4332:ISBN 4308:ISBN 4254:ISBN 4225:ISBN 4161:PMID 4143:ISSN 4100:ISBN 4059:ISSN 3958:PMID 3923:PMID 3812:ISBN 3787:ISBN 3764:PMID 3715:EFAC 3679:ISBN 3654:ISBN 3629:ISBN 3580:ISSN 3545:PMID 3537:ISSN 3475:PMID 3467:ISSN 3432:PMID 3424:ISSN 3389:OCLC 3379:ISBN 3237:ISSN 3202:OCLC 3192:ISBN 3161:ISSN 3124:ISBN 3091:ISSN 3048:ISSN 3004:link 3000:link 2996:link 2978:OCLC 2968:ISBN 2945:OCLC 2935:ISBN 2909:OCLC 2899:ISBN 2855:ISSN 2812:ISSN 2750:OCLC 2740:ISBN 2722:link 2704:OCLC 2694:ISBN 2656:ISSN 2610:ISBN 2556:ISBN 2535:OCLC 2525:ISBN 2498:OCLC 2488:ISBN 2441:PMID 2433:ISSN 2398:ISSN 2361:ISBN 2329:ISBN 2289:ISBN 2262:ISBN 2226:ISSN 2174:ISSN 2099:OCLC 2089:ISBN 2066:ISSN 2031:ISSN 1841:ISSN 1784:ISSN 1626:PMID 1608:ISSN 1549:ISSN 1490:ISBN 1413:news 988:and 922:hurt 916:Hurt 910:link 906:node 275:Mind 269:Self 210:and 57:and 4959:Ong 4273:doi 4200:doi 4188:5rh 4151:PMC 4133:doi 4092:doi 4051:doi 3950:doi 3915:doi 3871:doi 3754:PMC 3746:doi 3572:doi 3529:doi 3459:doi 3416:doi 3229:doi 3153:doi 3083:doi 3040:doi 2847:doi 2804:doi 2777:doi 2648:doi 2581:doi 2425:doi 2390:doi 2321:doi 2218:doi 2166:doi 2131:doi 2058:doi 2021:doi 1949:doi 1831:hdl 1823:doi 1774:hdl 1766:doi 1653:doi 1616:PMC 1600:doi 1541:doi 1396:by 1191:or 519:in 5049:: 4279:. 4269:24 4267:. 4198:. 4186:. 4182:. 4159:. 4149:. 4141:. 4129:17 4127:. 4123:. 4098:. 4065:. 4057:. 4047:16 4045:. 4041:. 4025:^ 4008:. 3970:^ 3956:. 3946:18 3944:. 3921:. 3911:34 3909:. 3877:. 3867:17 3865:. 3861:. 3762:. 3752:. 3740:. 3736:. 3719:15 3717:. 3693:^ 3600:^ 3586:. 3578:. 3566:. 3543:. 3535:. 3525:42 3523:. 3504:. 3481:. 3473:. 3465:. 3455:33 3453:. 3430:. 3422:. 3410:. 3387:. 3316:. 3291:. 3266:. 3243:. 3235:. 3225:15 3223:. 3200:. 3167:. 3159:. 3149:18 3147:. 3097:. 3089:. 3079:15 3077:. 3054:. 3046:. 3036:51 3034:. 2992:}} 2988:{{ 2976:. 2943:. 2921:^ 2907:. 2875:^ 2861:. 2853:. 2841:. 2818:. 2810:. 2800:24 2798:. 2773:54 2771:. 2748:. 2718:}} 2714:{{ 2702:. 2688:. 2676:^ 2662:. 2654:. 2644:38 2642:. 2620:^ 2601:^ 2587:. 2577:24 2575:. 2547:^ 2533:. 2496:. 2461:^ 2447:. 2439:. 2431:. 2421:43 2419:. 2396:. 2386:11 2384:. 2327:, 2315:, 2303:^ 2246:^ 2232:. 2224:. 2212:. 2180:. 2172:. 2162:27 2160:. 2137:. 2127:63 2125:. 2097:. 2064:. 2054:10 2052:. 2029:. 2017:13 2015:. 2011:. 1992:. 1969:^ 1955:. 1943:. 1918:. 1893:. 1869:. 1847:. 1839:. 1829:. 1819:34 1817:. 1813:. 1790:. 1782:. 1772:. 1762:34 1760:. 1756:. 1721:^ 1701:^ 1684:. 1659:. 1649:65 1647:. 1624:. 1614:. 1606:. 1596:87 1594:. 1590:. 1547:. 1537:55 1535:. 1531:. 1504:^ 1476:^ 984:, 347:. 89:. 77:. 42:) 4487:e 4480:t 4473:v 4459:. 4299:) 4287:. 4275:: 4233:. 4208:. 4202:: 4194:: 4167:. 4135:: 4108:. 4094:: 4073:. 4053:: 4039:" 4019:. 3964:. 3952:: 3929:. 3917:: 3885:. 3873:: 3820:. 3795:. 3770:. 3748:: 3742:7 3687:. 3662:. 3637:. 3594:. 3574:: 3568:1 3551:. 3531:: 3508:. 3489:. 3461:: 3438:. 3418:: 3412:1 3395:. 3326:. 3301:. 3276:. 3251:. 3231:: 3208:. 3175:. 3155:: 3132:. 3105:. 3085:: 3062:. 3042:: 3006:) 2984:. 2951:. 2915:. 2869:. 2849:: 2843:1 2826:. 2806:: 2783:. 2779:: 2756:. 2724:) 2710:. 2670:. 2650:: 2595:. 2583:: 2541:. 2504:. 2455:. 2427:: 2404:. 2392:: 2369:. 2323:: 2297:. 2270:. 2240:. 2220:: 2214:4 2188:. 2168:: 2145:. 2133:: 2105:. 2072:. 2060:: 2037:. 2023:: 1996:. 1963:. 1951:: 1945:1 1928:. 1904:. 1879:. 1855:. 1833:: 1825:: 1798:. 1776:: 1768:: 1667:. 1655:: 1632:. 1602:: 1566:. 1543:: 1498:. 1463:) 1457:( 1452:) 1448:( 1438:· 1431:· 1424:· 1417:· 1390:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge (XXG)

Interpersonal communication

Index