Interracial marriage and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

816:, sent a response letter to a California stake president inquiring on the subject stating, "Social intercourse between the Whites and the Negroes should certainly not be encouraged because of leading to intermarriage, which the Lord has forbidden. ... rying to break down social barriers between the Whites and the Blacks is that should not be encouraged because inevitably it means the mixing of the races if carried to its logical conclusion." Two months later in a letter to another member Utah State sociology professor Lowry Nelson, the First Presidency stated that marriage between a White person and a Black person is "most repugnant" and "does not have the sanction of the Church and is contrary to church doctrine". 118: 464: 162:(which allowed White Utah residents to enslave Native Americans) also passed, though it did not contain any discussion on Native-White marriage or sex. In 1888, the government of Utah Territory (with an approximately 80% LDS population) passed an anti-miscegenation law. The law prohibited marriages between a "negro" or "mongolian" (i.e. ethnically Asian person) and a "white person". In 1890, Black individuals made up less than 0.3% of Utah's population of 210,000, Chinese individuals made up less than 0.4%, and Native Americans made up 1.6%. In 1939, the two-thirds-Mormon majority 918:

discourage intermarriage ... it is not expedient." He added that interracial marriage was not considered a sin. In a January 1959 address Kimball taught that church leaders were unanimous in teachings that Caucasians should marry Caucasians, stating that interracial marriage was selfish because the background differences could be a challenge for the marriage and the couple's children. He also told BYU students in 1965 that "the brethren feel that it is not the wisest thing to cross racial lines in dating and marrying", something he repeated at BYU as church president in 1976.

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doomed. ... No other conceivable disaster that might befall the South could, for an instant, compare with such miscegenation within her borders. ... But some may deny that the mongrelization of the Southern people would offend the race notion ... That the negro is markedly inferior to the Caucasian is proved both craniologically and by six thousand years of planet-wide experimentation; and that the commingling of inferior with superior must lower the higher is just as certain as that the half-sum of two and six is only four ....

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John Taylor: 'a man who had the priesthood who would marry a woman of the accursed seed' and have the 'law of the Lord ... administered upon him ... would be killed and his offspring for ... the Lord had determined that the seed of Cain should not receive the priesthood in the flesh.' President Cannon feared that administering the priesthood to the offspring of a mixed-race marriage would hazard allowing the 'seed of the murderer ... ahead of the seed of Abel who was murdered.'

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selflessness when two people of different races plan marriage. They must be thinking selfishly of themselves. They certainly are not considering the problems that will beset each other and that will beset their children. ... We are unanimous, all of the Brethren, in feeling and recommending that Indians marry Indians, and Mexicans marry Mexicans; the Chinese marry Chinese and the Japanese marry Japanese; that the Caucasians marry the Caucasians, and the Arabs marry Arabs.

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transgression, if he would walk up and say cut off my head, and kill man, woman and child, it would do a great deal towards atoning for the sin. Would this be to curse them? No, it would be a blessing to them—it would do them good, that they might be saved with their brethren. A many would shudder should they hear us talk about killing folk, but it is one of the greatest blessings to some to kill them, although the true principles of it are not understood.

221: 6123: 4977: 4716: 229: 222: 3101:...suppose we ... here declare that it is right to mingle our seed with the black race of Cain, that they shall come in with us and be partakers with us of all the blessings God has given to us. On that very day and hour we should do so, the Priesthood is taken from this Church and Kingdom and God leaves us to our fate. The moment we consent to mingle with the seed of Cain, the Church must go to destruction .... 907: 6135: 4987: 4728: 6147: 1925:

and just.' 'We will have intermarriages with ,' Brigham Young purportedly taught, so 'the curse of their color shall be removed, and they restored to their pristine beauty.' The creation of covenants—in this case marriage covenants—between white Latter-day Saints of 'chosen seed' and the Native American descendants of the lost tribes of Israel was the fulfillment of Book of Mormon prophecy.

552:", a teaching later repeated in a church magazine. Young taught that the moment the church consents to White members having children with Black individuals the church would go to destruction, and that, "Any man having one drop of the seed of Cain in him cannot hold the priesthood." Young also taught that a White person who had children with a Black person would be cursed to the priesthood. 127: 773: 563:, blood atonement is the belief that Jesus' atonement for humanity's sins does not apply to some sins, such as interracial sexual activity and marriage, because they are too serious. To atone for these sins, their perpetrators should be killed in a way that allows their blood to be shed upon the ground as a sacrificial offering. This doctrine was most widely taught during the 2192:

must discourage intermarriage, not because it is sin. I would like to make this very emphatic. A couple has not committed sin if an Indian boy and a white girl are married, or vice versa. It isn't a transgression like the transgressions of which many are guilty. But it is not expedient. Marriage statistics and our general experience convince us that marriage is not easy.

750:. In it Roberts dedicates an entire lesson of the first volume to the "Negro Race Problem", and approvingly quoted a Southern author who stated that a social divide between White and Black people should be maintained at all costs as socializing would lead to mixed-race marriages with an inferior race, and no disaster would compare to this mixing as it would doom the 592:— As territory governor, Young stated before the territory legislature that if a White man had children with a Black woman, he should request to have his head chopped off. He continued saying that if someone were to kill the man, woman and any children of such a union, that it would be a blessing to them and "it would do a great deal towards atoning for the sin". 315: 513:, and that they both would be killed along with any of their children if the penalty of the law were executed. Three years later Cannon also stated that Smith had taught Taylor that any male child born with any Black heritage from one or more parents could not receive the priesthood as he was "tainted with Negro blood." In 1908, church president 347:, argued that the curse could be thought of as traditions inconsistent with God's commandments. He also posited the curse did not spread through interracial reproduction, but that by interrmarrying Nephites would participate in Lamanite traditions, so God placed the mark to prevent the spread of Lamanite culture among the Nephites. The 438:, teaches that Ham's sons were denied the priesthood because he had married Egyptus. It also states it is because "a daughter of Canaan would not be worthy to join Jacob in entering into a marriage covenant with the Lord." In Deuteronomy, the Israelites were commanded not to marry the Canaanites. In 1954, apostle 859:, in which he stated that "the whole negro race have been cursed with a Black skin, the mark of Cain, so they can be identified as a caste apart, a people with whom the other descendants of Adam should not intermarry." The quote remained for half a century, despite many other revisions, until the church's 2815:

In 1897, the First Presidency considered a question related to interracial mixing involving a white husband who married someone 'either black or ... tainted with negro blood.' George Q. Cannon, in determining whether the husband should be ordained to the priesthood, reprised a statement attributed to

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The statement concerning our invitation to them to become Mormons, and remove to this state, and settle among us, is a wicked fabrication, as no such thing was ever published in the 'Star', or anywhere else, by our people, nor any thing in the shadow of it; and we challenge the people of Jackson, or

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Cultural differences pose dangers for marriage. When I said you must teach your people to overcome their prejudices and accept the Indians, I did not mean that you would encourage intermarriage. I mean that they should be brothers, to worship together and to work together and to play together; but we

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Such unions would join together the two most favored Israelite bloodlines, the (mostly white) progeny of Ephraim and the (mostly red) sons and daughters of Manasseh. Such unions would also help civilize the Indians so that they could fulfill the Book of Mormon precedent to become 'white, delightsome,

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concerning interracial marriages. In addition, having served as a Church leader for almost 30 years, I can also certify that I have never received official verbal instructions condemning marriages between Black and White members." Though, denying any condemnation of interracial marriage, there was no

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argued that allowing her access to the temple would not be fair to her two, multi-ethnic daughters, whom she'd had with her former husband. Cannon recorded in his journal having stated in 1881 that when it came to the important question of interracial marriage, Mormons believed against "intermarriage

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for his marriage to a White woman, Lucy Stanton, and his later alleged mixed-race polygamous sealings to additional White women without church authorization. McCary stated he had Native American heritage in order to marry Stanton and avoid the greater stigma that the few Black people in Nauvoo faced.

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Though Smith's main successor Young he believed that Native American peoples were "degraded", and "fallen in every respect, in habits, custom, flesh, spirit, blood, desire", he permitted Mormon men to marry Native American women as part of a process that would make Native people white and delightsome

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The patriots of a hundred years ago are being overrun by the Polish Jews, and Italians, and Irish peasants who are flocking to America in droves ... If we are but true to ourselves, we have the very factors, geographically, spiritually, and socially, that shall perpetuate our race, and lift us up as

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he south is entirely right in thus keeping open at all times, at all hazards, and at all sacrifices an impassible social chasm between black and white. This she must do in behalf of her blood, her essence, of the stock of her Caucasian race ... As a race, the Southern Caucasian would be irrevocably

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We are grateful that this one survey reveals that about 90 percent of the temple marriages hold fast. Because of this, we recommend that people marry those who are of the same racial background generally, and of somewhat the same economic and social and educational background (some of those are not

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If they were far away from the Gentiles they wod all have to be killed hen they mingle seed it is death to all. If a black man & white woman come to you & demand baptism can you deny them? he law is their seed shall not be amalgmated. Mulattoes are like mules they can't have the children,

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When Young first entered the Salt Lake Valley in 1847, he had emphasized that the Saints 'would ... take their squaws & ... raise up children by them.' After several generations, he predicted, 'they will become A white & delightsome people' ... However, intermarriage was forbidden when the

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Further, the faith has a long history of shunning interracial relationships. At points, some of its leaders even flirted with theories of eugenics, or the belief that they could help cultivate a pure race. Just until four years ago , a youth manual informed young men that the Church 'recommend that

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We've always counseled in the Church for our Mexican members to marry Mexicans, our Japanese members to marry Japanese, our Caucasians to marry Caucasians, our Polynesian members to marry Polynesians. The counsel has been wise. ... You might even say, 'I can show you local Church leaders or perhaps

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noted that loving without racial discrimination is a general commandment, but not one to apply to specific marriage partner criteria since it states that being united in ethnic background increases the probability of a successful marriage. In 2013, the church published an essay called "Race and the

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Church leaders' discouragement of marriage between those of different ethnicities continued being taught to youth during church Sunday meetings until 2013, when the use of the 1996 version of the Sunday school textbook for adolescent boys was discontinued. The manual had used a 1976 quote from past

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he would hold him responsible if one of his granddaughters ever went to "BYU and becme engaged to a colored boy". A few months later in 1961 BYU's board of trustees decided for the first time to officially discourage Black students from attending BYU and encourage them to attend other universities.

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which then banned Black people, Clark stated that the hotel's ban was in place to prevent interracial socializing that could hurt church leaders' efforts "to preserve the purity of the race that is entitled to hold the priesthood" and that the church taught White members to avoid social interaction

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in 1946 that, "It is sought today in certain quarters to break down all race prejudice, and at the end of the road ... is intermarriage. ...o not ever let that wicked virus get into your systems that brotherhood either permits or entitles you to mix races which are inconsistent. Biologically, it is

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The latter half of the 20th century saw many changes in American legal and social views on interracial marriages, and many changes in top church leaders' teachings on the topic. For instance, church apostle Mark E. Petersen said in a 1954 address that church doctrine barred Black people and White

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Were the children of God to mingle their seed with the seed of Cain it would not only bring the curse of being deprived of the power of the Priesthood upon them but they entail it upon their children after them, and they cannot get rid of it. If a man in an unguarded moment should commit such a

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Today, the Church disavows the theories advanced in the past that black skin is a sign of divine disfavor or curse, or that it reflects unrighteous actions in a premortal life; that mixed-race marriages are a sin; or that blacks or people of any other race or ethnicity are inferior in any way to

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service, and priesthood ordination, the official church newspaper also printed the article "Interracial marriage discouraged". The same day of the change, a church spokesperson stated "interracial marriages generally have been discouraged in the past, ... that remains our position" and that "the

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was lifted for Black members in 1978 the church still officially discouraged any marriages across ethnic lines. Until 2013 at least one official church manual in use continued discouraging interracial marriages. Past teachings of church leaders on race and interracial marriage have stemmed from

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Apostle Clawson desired an expression of the brethren in regard to a case that had come to his attention. A young man—a member of the church—had sought the hand of one of the daughters of Zion in marriage. She desired to be sealed in the temple. It was ascertained, however, that his mother was

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The next year , President McKay addressed a similar issue regarding a woman who had been to the temple and subsequently married a black man. The woman was told by her local Church leader 'that no further Temple visits would be allowed her, and that because of her marriage to a Negro her Temple

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Then apostle Spencer W. Kimball gave several speeches addressing the topic of interracial marriage. In a 1958 BYU address he stated that "hen I said you must teach your people to overcome their prejudices and accept the Indians, I did not mean that you would encourage intermarriage ... we must

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recorded that the man was "tainted with negro blood". A few days after the decision Clawson stated in a stake conference that the White members should be glad to be "wellborn" so they can have the blessings of the temple and referenced the young man who was denied a temple marriage as he was

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The interrace marriage problem is not one of inferiority or superiority. ... It is a matter of backgrounds. The difficulties and hazards of marriage are greatly increased where backgrounds are different. ... When one considers marriage, it should be an unselfish thing, but there is not much

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Some writers deny the possibility of a mixed race of people existing for any great length of time upon the Earth. They say the race would entirely die out ... There is a great deal of truth in this ... We do not believe in the permanency of a race descended from people so wide apart as the

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The commandment to love our neighbors without discrimination is certain. But it must not be misunderstood. It applies generally. Selection of a marriage partner, on the other hand, involves specific and not general criteria. After all, one person can only be married to one individual. The

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publicly stated that "e've always counseled in the Church for our Mexican members to marry Mexicans, our Japanese members to marry Japanese, our Caucasians to marry Caucasians, our Polynesian members to marry Polynesians. ... The counsel has been wise." Nearly every decade for over a

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would not find the Lamanites "enticing", so "that they might not mix and believe in incorrect traditions", and so they would remain a separate people. If a Nephite intermarried and had children with a Lamanite, the Lord also cursed and marked them, and cursed their descendants.

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than Black people, based on their belief that Native Americans were descendants of the biblical Israelites, and they also believed that through intermarriage, the skin color of Native Americans could be restored to a "white and delightsome" state. On July 17, 1831, church founder

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publicly taught that the punishment for Black–White interracial marriages was death, and the killing of a Black–White interracial couple and their children as part of a blood atonement would be a blessing to them. He further stated that interracial children are sterile "like a

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We recommend that people marry those who are of the same racial background generally, and of somewhat the same economic and social and educational background (some of those are not an absolute necessity, but preferred), and above all, the same religious background, without

586:), a White woman Mary Matilda Webster, and their interracial child living in Massachusetts and responded that if the family wasn't living so close to non-Mormons "they would all have to be killed" since the law is that Black and White seed should not be "amalgamated". 297:. By 1870 only about 30 White, Mormon men had Native American wives, and few additional interracial marriages with Native Americans occurred. Later church leaders taught Native American skins would be lightened through some other method, and under the presidency of 2699:

We are not prepared to give up our pleasant places and goodly possessions to them ; or to receive into the bosom of our families as fit companions for our wives and daughters, the degraded free negroes and mulattoes, who are now invited to settle among

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Since they are not entitled to the Priesthood, the Church discourages social intercourse with the negro race, because such intercourse leads to marriage, and the offspring possess negro blood and is therefore subject to the inhibition set out in our

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tainted with negro blood—she being one-fourth negro—while his father was the son of a prominent family in Israel. Would that be a bar to his entrance to the house of the Lord? It was decided that he could not have the blessings of the house of God.

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Anglo-Saxon and Negro. In fact we believe it a great sin in the eyes of our Heavenly Father for a white person to marry a black one. And further, it is proof of the mercy of God that that no such race appear able to continue for many generations.

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The most common interpretation of the events around McCary and his excommunication is that they contributed to or precipitated the subsequent ban of Black members from temple ordinances and priesthood authority. McCary elicited the first recorded

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an absolute necessity, but preferred), and above all, the same religious background, without question. In spite of the most favorable matings, the evil one still takes a monumental toll and is the cause for many broken homes and frustrated lives.

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even general leaders who have married out of their race.' I say, 'Yes—exceptions.' Then I would remind you of that Relief Society woman's near-scriptural statement, 'We'd like to follow the rule first, and then we'll take care of the exceptions.'

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By 1965 administrators were sending a rejection letter to Black applicants which cited BYU's discouragement of interracial courtship and marriage as the motive behind the decision. By 1968 there was only one Black American student at BYU.

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The dark skin was placed upon the Lamanites so that they could be distinguished from the Nephites and to keep the two peoples from mixing. The dark skin was the sign of the curse. The curse was the withdrawal of the Spirit of the

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under Lorenzo Snow, repeated Young's teachings that if a priesthood-holding man married a Black woman, then according to God's law, the man and any offspring should be killed so the seed of Cain would not receive the priesthood.

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if any man mingles his seed with the seed of Cane the only way he could get rid of it or have salvation would be to come forward & have his head cut off spill his blood upon the ground. It would also take the life of his

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Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain, the penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot. This will always be

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one-eighth Black and "tainted with the blood of Cain". Clawson later lamented in a meeting that the man's white father of "pure parentage" had brought a curse upon his posterity by marrying a woman with a Black grandparent.

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I fully agree the Negro is entitled to considerations, also stated above, but not full social benefits nor inter-marriage privileges with the Whites, nor should the Whites be forced to accept them into restricted White

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any other people, to produce such a publication from us. In fact, one half dozen negroes or mulattoes, never have belonged to our Society, in any part of the world, from its first organization to this day, 1839.

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For it is my will, that in time, ye should take unto you wives of the Lamanites and Nephites, that their posterity may become white, delightsome and Just, for even now their females are more virtuous than the

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Priesthood". The article disavowed teachings in the past that interracial marriage was a sin, indicating that it was influenced by racism of the time. A 2023 survey of over 1,000 former church members in the

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Many church publications since the 1978 lifting of the Black temple and priesthood ban have contained statements discouraging interracial marriage. In the same June 1978 issue announcing that Black members

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As Heber C. Kimball explained it in his journal, this unprecedented union of the Lamanite Dana and Gont, 'a white woman,' was sanctioned because Dana 'was civilized and had been an Elder about four years.'

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racist beliefs of the time and have seen criticism and controversy. Early church leaders made an exception to the interracial marriage ban by allowing White LDS men to marry Native American women, because

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Utah law never prohibited interracial marriage between Native Americans and White people unlike many other states. This allowed Native American Jeanette Smith (left) to marry the LDS, European American

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Therefore, although Ham himself had the right to the priesthood, Canaan, his son, did not. Ham had married Egyptus, a descendant of Cain (Abraham 1:21-24), and so his sons were denied the priesthood.

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The 1831 transcript of a revelation by Joseph Smith approving marriages between church members and Native Americans, stating "For it is my will, that in time, ye should take unto you wives of the

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that "official LDS policy has continued to strongly admonish White saints not to marry blacks". In response, the church's public affairs released a statement from BYU Dean of Religious Education

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a beacon light of civilization when all other parts of our great country have gone into the folly of race disintegration and given their birthright into the hands of undesirable foreigners.

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after it was discovered he was courting a White woman. His throat was slit so deeply from ear to ear that he was nearly decapitated, and his right breast was slit open, similar to the

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comment on whether it was still discouraged. The most recent statement came in 2008 when spokesperson Mark Tuttle stated that the church has no policy against interracial marriage.

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The caste population of Utah according to the last census in 1880, was as follows: "Mormons," 120,283; Gentiles, 14,156; Apostates, 6,988; Josephites, 820; Doubtful, 1,716.

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accused the LDS community of inviting Black people to live among them, thus, creating the risk of interracial marriage. Critics cited this as a reason for demanding the

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probabilities of a successful marriage are known to be much greater if both the husband and wife are united in their religion, language, culture, and ethnic background.

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Prior to 1930 Utah's predominantly Mormon population (65 percent classified as practicing Mormons in 1930) took justifiable pride in its tradition of self-sufficiency.

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In 1960, BYU leaders were "very much concerned" when a male Black student received a large number of votes for BYU student vice president, and, subsequently, apostle

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used this as an example of why the church did not allow interracial marriages. Another example of intermarriage in the Bible is that from the book of Judges in which

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An example of Native-White interracial marriage in the LDS community was Utah couple Caroline Josephine Neilson (left) and David Lemmon, shown here circa mid-1920s.

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and restore them to their "pristine beauty" within a few generations. However, Native American men were prohibited from marrying White women in Mormon communities.

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church president Kimball which read, "We recommend that people marry those who are of the same racial background generally". The quote remains in the still-used,

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stated that this murder was a fulfillment of Young's 1852 teaching that the penalty for mixed-ethnic marriage was decapitation. The LDS apologetics organization

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Young repeated the teaching of death as punishment for Black and White individuals producing interracial offspring, stating the penalty would always be in place.

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with inferior races, particularly the negro." A White man was denied the priesthood in 1897 because he had married a Black woman, though, then senior apostle

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wrote, "Had I to do with the Negro I would confine them by strict aw to their own species," in reference to interracial marriage. A year later as mayor of

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and taught by Brigham Young. He was also castrated and his killer(s) pinned a note warning Black men to stay away from White women to his chest. Historian

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encouraged young women to maintain White racial purity and health by avoiding "race disintegration" and "race suicide" through interracial reproduction.

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man at the time for his one-eighth Black heritage. Abel's petitions for temple ordinances were also denied by Smith's next successors Brigham Young and

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Joseph Smith expressed opposition to White-Black marriages, but endorsed polygamous marriage between White Mormon men and Native American women.

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For a number of years, President Spencer W. Kimball has counseled young members of the Church to not cross racial lines in dating and marrying.

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argued that Coleman's death may have been unrelated to Young's teachings or temple penalties, since Coleman was not an endowed church member.

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In 1903 the Quorum of the Twelve and First Presidency denied a temple sealing to a man with on Black great-grandparent. The apostle

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endowments are ineffective.' McKay overruled the invalidation of her endowments but did prevent her from visiting the temple again.

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in pointing out that Egyptus means forbidden, and suggests that might be because she was "of a race with which those who held the

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century—beginning with the church's formation in the 1830s until the 1970s—has seen some denunciations of interracial marriages (

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Pulley Hudson, Angela (July 2015). "William McCary, Lucy Stanton, and the Performance of Race at Winter Quarters and Beyond".

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In The Book of Mormon one group of lighter-skinned people was commanded by God not to intermarry with a darker-skinned group.

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referred to him as the "black man who has got the blood of Ham in him which linege was cursed as regards the priesthood."

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was passed, and it also banned sexual intercourse between a White person and "any of the African race." That same day the

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The apostle Reuben Clark spoke against mixed-race marriage several times in the 1940s, once calling it a "wicked virus."

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Brigham Young publicly taught several times that the punishment for Black and White interracial marriages was death.

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Young performed the first recorded sealing ceremony between a "Lamanite" and a White member in October 1845 when an

6064: 5854: 5691: 5686: 5387: 5009: 4916: 4811: 4661: 4563: 4498: 4483: 4461: 4456: 4385: 2203: 1235: 1031: 1016: 949: 785: 484: 151: 107: 99: 5807: 2418: 2247: 2236: 5888: 5839: 5787: 5770: 5557: 5540: 5459: 5248: 5243: 3913: 3233: 3178: 2796: 2269: 2225: 1626: 1555: 1026: 391: 206: 5194: 5189: 3998: 3844: 582:— Young heard of a Mormon family composed of a Black man Enoch Lovejoy Lewis (son of ordained priesthood holder 6106: 5893: 5849: 5792: 5696: 5159: 5114: 4828: 4120: 3807: 3785: 3043: 2860: 1726: 831: 643: 637: 480: 1514: 760: 570: 3779: 682:

to her White husband because she had previously married a Black man, even though she had since divorced him.

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and was told her temple ordinances were invalid because she had since married a Black man. Church president

567:. Examples of how Young applied his teaching of it with regard to interracial relationships are as follows: 261: 89: 4744: 5979: 5622: 5343: 5263: 5169: 5134: 3668: 3266: 1560: 967: 855: 435: 332:, and as a sign of the curse their skin was marked with blackness. The black marking was made so that the 210: 163: 1420: 6059: 5834: 5765: 5417: 5370: 4880: 4806: 4731: 4451: 4318: 4313: 4205: 3722: 3542: 3395: 3047: 2856: 2802: 2016: 1632: 1496: 1448: 986:

found race issues in the church to be one of the top three reported reasons why they had disaffiliated.

958: 887: 655: 407: 399: 363: 352: 166:

expanded the law to prohibit a White person from marrying a "Mongolian, a member of the malay race or a

103: 56:

taught on multiple occasions that Black–White marriage merited death for the couple and their children.

3475: 2915:

but if they will be Eunuchs for the Kingdom of God's Heaven's sake they may have a place in the Temple.

758:) to defend banning Black–White "commingling". Additionally, a 1913 church publication in the church's 3573: 837: 5883: 5824: 5701: 5671: 5508: 5355: 4895: 4196: 4073: 3908: 3803: 2024: 1487: 599: 526: 521:

as void as he had a Black great-grandparent due to a mixed-race marriage. Abel was referred to as an

506: 402:, an early church leader, taught that Ham himself was cursed because he had married a Black wife. In 30: 1491: 6096: 6089: 5605: 5360: 5294: 5277: 4885: 4864: 4691: 3964: 2829: 891: 879: 813: 651: 64: 6134: 5001: 4986: 4727: 1524:

anyone else. Church leaders today unequivocally condemn all racism, past and present, in any form.

6019: 6014: 5829: 5736: 5562: 5333: 4952: 4686: 4681: 4338: 4069: 4027: 3987: 3938: 3930: 3646: 3638: 3258: 3250: 3203: 3195: 3119: 2921: 2833: 2162: 1987: 1908: 1836: 1457: 1041: 1021: 910: 864: 564: 298: 286: 4110:"A History of the Development and Objectives of the LDS Church News Section of the Deseret News" 2084:

Captivity, Adoption, Marriage and Identity: Native American Children in Mormon Homes, 1847-1900

394:, was a descendant of the Canaanites (Abraham 1:22), a race of people who had been cursed with 5984: 5775: 5760: 5649: 5634: 5570: 5429: 5233: 5062: 4553: 4271: 4240: 4041: 3812: 3678: 3504: 3450: 3405: 3360: 3301: 3141: 3086: 2958: 2892: 2723: 2672: 2548: 2542: 2380: 2370: 2176: 2127: 1953: 1874: 1818: 1781: 1736: 1666: 1583: 1431: 1389: 1340: 1202: 1160: 978: 850: 621: 228: 3135: 3080: 2952: 2852: 1771: 1655: 5600: 5365: 5313: 5258: 5238: 5119: 4666: 4623: 4618: 4568: 4558: 4328: 4322: 4257: 3922: 3829: 3789: 3775: 3749: 3741: 3664: 3630: 3609: 3595: 3485: 3287: 3273: 3242: 3187: 3061: 2909: 2768: 2104: 1998: 1919: 1828: 1654: 1441: 1377: 1354: 1350: 1192: 1070: 954: 868: 687: 659: 616: 502: 476: 439: 344: 4200: 830:

people from marrying each other. The speech was circulated among the faculty of church-run

734:

Some other early-20th-century teachings on the subject include the highly influential 1907

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was in print for over 50 years and instructed non-Black Mormons not to marry Black people.

791: 781: 625: 560: 538: 514: 497:

There are other records of Smith's teaching on interracial marriage. For example, in 1897

491: 375: 6051: 4854: 3199: 2993: 2612: 898:

upheld her exclusion from church temples, but stated that her endowment was still valid.

871:

that Black people should not be entitled to "inter-marriage privileges with the Whites."

2771: 2579: 913:

gave several addresses in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s discouraging interracial marriage.

6069: 5932: 5873: 5812: 5681: 5481: 5471: 5164: 5149: 5057: 4957: 4942: 4890: 4701: 4656: 4608: 4538: 4229: 2881: 1807: 1066: 895: 751: 722: 647: 612: 324: 294: 282: 155: 146:

Past church leaders' views on interracial marriages were reflected by previous laws in

41: 1332:

Neither White Nor Black: Mormon Scholars Confront the Race Issue in a Universal Church

6167: 5989: 5518: 5392: 5179: 5067: 4947: 4603: 4593: 4583: 4518: 4407: 4402: 3942: 3877: 3650: 3436: 3346: 3262: 3207: 2989: 2888: 1814: 1427: 875: 747: 556: 544: 431: 411: 278: 270: 53: 46: 3442:

Mormonism and White Supremacy: American Religion and The Problem of Racial Innocence

695:

stated the man would be eligible if he divorced his wife and married a White woman.

5861: 5580: 5092: 5077: 4937: 4696: 4633: 4613: 4598: 4573: 4523: 4147: 4051: 3849: 3761: 3744:

The Latter-Day Saints in the Modern Day World: An Account of Contemporary Mormonism

3695: 3530: 3518: 3481: 3460: 3370: 3311: 3151: 3096: 2968: 2618: 2585: 2558: 2390: 2186: 2055: 1963: 1884: 1791: 1699: 1676: 1605: 1399: 1373: 1212: 1170: 944: 906: 860: 789:

wrong; spiritually, it is wrong." The quote was reprinted in the church's official

735: 692: 583: 505:

wrote in his journal that Joseph Smith had taught a later president of the church,

472: 395: 301:, the church began officially discouraging any White-Native interracial marriages. 198: 126: 4528: 366:

as stating that the skin color was changed to "keep the two peoples from mixing".

4031: 3742: 3440: 3350: 3291: 2166: 1943: 1864: 1378: 1150: 940:

Church does not prohibit ... interracial marriages but it does discourage them."

6084: 5590: 5323: 5282: 4676: 4651: 4548: 4533: 3391: 3325: 2281: 518: 509:, that a White man married to a woman with Black ancestry could not receive the 340: 3909:"'This Time of Crisis': The Race-Based Anti-BYU Athletic Protests of 1968–1971" 772: 150:, where its members held a notable amount of political influence. In 1852, the 5905: 4671: 4578: 4304: 4279: 4182: 4152: 3191: 2777: 2643: 2521: 2501: 2459: 2436: 2315: 2060: 1704: 1593: 1518: 1298: 1266: 1076: 993: 290: 77: 25:(LDS Church) have consistently opposed marriages between members of different 5866: 5741: 4859: 4794: 4037: 4013: 2719: 2668: 2172: 1773:

Doing the Works of Abraham: Mormon Polygamy—Its Origin, Practice, and Demise

329: 240: 60: 26: 4109: 1866:

Sweet Freedom's Plains: African Americans on the Overland Trails, 1841–1869

390:, which is given the meaning of forbidden. It teaches that their grandson, 1980:

Black, White, and Red: Race and the Making of the Mormon People, 1830-1880

1901:

Black, White, and Red: Race and the Making of the Mormon People, 1830-1880

754:. The lesson cited multiple biological justifications such as craniology ( 678:

after marrying a Black person. In 1895, a White woman was denied a temple

59:

Until at least the 1960s, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints—

5139: 4932: 4849: 4799: 4588: 3352:

Religion of a Different Color: Race and the Mormon Struggle for Whiteness

2563:

Probably by 'confinement to their own species' he meant no intermarriage.

795:

magazine. Three years later as senior vice-president of the church-owned

522: 333: 244: 175: 171: 3934: 3642: 3254: 2289: 314: 5575: 1380:

All Abraham's Children: Changing Mormon Conceptions of Race and Lineage

1152:

The Development of LDS Temple Worship, 1846-2000: A Documentary History

387: 248: 167: 3024:"Perspectives on Marriage: Score 1 For Gay America — 0 To The Mormons" 2715:

Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833-1838 Missouri Conflict

2664:

Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833-1838 Missouri Conflict

624:

statement connecting race and priesthood restriction when the apostle

3926: 3634: 3246: 543:

On at least three occasions (1847, 1852, and 1865) Smith's successor

443: 3817: 517:

stated the church founder had declared the priesthood ordination of

3784:(Speech). Convention of Teachers of Religion on the College Level. 1447:

roles were reversed, both in Mormon communities and throughout the

905: 836: 771: 569: 462: 313: 260: 3845:"Choosing to Stay in the Mormon Church Despite Its Racist Legacy" 1231:"Why it's time for the Mormon Church to revisit its diverse past" 426:

In Genesis Isaac commands Jacob not to marry the Canaanites. The

2028: 674:

In the late 1800s at least two White members were denied church

549: 450:

teaches that marrying a Philistine was against the will of God.

213:

so their posterity could become "white, delightsome, and just."

147: 5005: 4748: 4342: 3397:

A Ministry of Meetings: The Apostolic Diaries of Rudger Clawson

4179:"Church Response to Jon Krakauer's Under the Banner of Heaven" 4083: 2745: 2694: 2622: 2597: 2295: 1087: 383: 34: 3873:"George W. Romney's Franken-Son: Mitt & His 'Noble' Lies" 209:

of the church to eventually marry Native American women in a

1492:"Mormon church traces black priesthood ban to Brigham Young" 6102:

Eyewitness accounts associated with the Joseph Smith Papyri

3048:"Man and His Varieties: Mixed Races-The Effects of Climate" 2798:

To Belong as Citizens: Race and Marriage in Utah, 1880-1920

1628:

To Belong as Citizens: Race and Marriage in Utah, 1880-1920

1551:"The Prohibition of Interracial Marriage in Utah,1888-1963" 49:), with most statements focusing on Black–White marriages. 4309:"Who is leaving the LDS Church? Eight key survey findings" 1242:

people marry those who are of the same racial background.'

430:, which is the manual currently used to study the Bible's 3137:

The Teachings of President Brigham Young Vol. 3 1852–1854

3082:

The Teachings of President Brigham Young Vol. 3 1852–1854

2954:

The Teachings of President Brigham Young Vol. 3 1852–1854

2120:

The Mormon Experience: A History of the Latter-day Saints

1320: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 4776:

Native American people and the Latter Day Saint movement

83: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 2118:

Arrington, Leonard J.; Bitton, Davis (March 1, 1992).

1191:

Bringhurst, Newell G.; Smith, Darron T., eds. (2004).

398:

for committing genocide against "the people of Shum".

1120:"Mormonism's Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview" 646:, a Black member of the LDS Church, was murdered in 281:. There is evidence that Young may have married his 6003: 5921: 5750: 5710: 5633: 5490: 5210: 5148: 5041: 4925: 4904: 4873: 4837: 4782: 4642: 4509: 4430: 4376: 2372:

The Mormon Church and Blacks: A Documentary History

1661:(2001 Paperback ed.). College Station, Texas: 1047:

Racial segregation of churches in the United States

192:Mormons considered Native Americans to be a higher 4228: 2880: 2369:Harris, Matthew L.; Bringhurst, Newell G. (2015). 1806: 1419: 1186: 1184: 957:that "here is, in fact, no mention whatsoever in 890:was banned by local leaders from returning to the 708:In 1900, George Q. Cannon, first counselor in the 3992:"Teachings Concerning Marriage and Child-Bearing" 3715:Lowry Nelson and First Presidency Letter Exchange 3341: 3339: 494:denied this invitation had taken place, however. 160:Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners 154:which allowed the enslavement of Black people in 4201:"Mormon and Black: Grappling with a racist past" 6174:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 5034:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 3960:"Mormons Oppose Dates, Marriage To Interracial" 3670:Elder Statesman: A Biography of J. Reuben Clark 3226:"'A Negro Preacher': The Worlds of Elijah Able" 2517:Old Testament: Gospel Doctrine Teacher's Manual 2087:(Master of History thesis). Las Vegas, Nevada: 454:19th-century teachings on Black–White marriages 84:Utah's legislation on interracial relationships 4370:Black people and the Latter Day Saint movement 3808:"Landmark 'Mormon Doctrine' goes out of print" 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2157: 2155: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1101: 863:ceased printing the book in 2010. The apostle 5017: 4760: 4354: 2432:Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 1863:Shirley Ann Wilson Moore (October 20, 2016). 8: 3729:, Special Collections and Archives Division. 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 2984: 2982: 2946: 2944: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2646:. 15 July 1843–29 February 1844 – via 1482: 1480: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1037:Phrenology and the Latter Day Saint movement 886:In 1966, a White woman who had received her 615:drew the ire of Brigham Young and others in 94:Anti-miscegenation laws in the United States 3219: 3217: 2832:, Box: 78, Folder 7. Salt Lake City, Utah: 2291:Teachings of the Book of Mormon: Semester 2 1765: 1763: 1620: 1618: 182:Interracial marriages with Native Americans 23:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 5024: 5010: 5002: 4767: 4753: 4745: 4361: 4347: 4339: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 2547:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 517. 2533: 2531: 1426:(1st ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: 227: 6194:Interracial marriage in the United States 3843:Graham-Russell, Janan (August 28, 2016). 3293:The Mormon Hierarchy: Extensions of Power 3115:"Why Race Is Still a Problem for Mormons" 2763: 2761: 2759: 1942:Mueller, Max Perry (September 11, 2017). 1252: 1250: 611:In 1847, former slave and Mormon convert 5398:Black temple and priesthood restrictions 3954: 3952: 3477:The Seventy's Course in Theology, Vol. 1 1945:Race and the Making of the Mormon People 1509: 1507: 1284: 1282: 1280: 76:were viewed as being descended from the 3871:Montgomery, Morton (October 31, 2012). 3781:Race Problems—As They Affect The Church 2573: 2571: 2286:"Lecture 44: Alma 2–3, Alma and Amlici" 2081:Bennion, Michael Kay (August 1, 2012). 2051:"Chief Praised By Indians Whites Alike" 1937: 1935: 1933: 1657:Hispanics in the Mormon Zion, 1912-1999 1058: 607:Interracial marriages of William McCary 3902: 3900: 3551: 3540: 3505:"The Real Eugenics Problem of America" 3060:(21). Salt Lake City: 165 – via 2930: 2919: 2879:Turner, John G. (September 20, 2012). 2311:Book of Mormon Seminary Teacher Manual 1845: 1834: 1805:Turner, John G. (September 20, 2012). 1466: 1455: 1418:Turner, John G. (September 20, 2012). 1224: 1222: 349:Book of Mormon Seminary Teacher Manual 3224:Stevenson, Russell W. (Spring 2013). 3022:Schaeffer, Frank (January 12, 2009). 2497:Old Testament Seminary Teacher Manual 2455:Old Testament Seminary Teacher Manual 2095:from the original on October 12, 2017 1977:Mueller, Max Perry (September 2014). 1898:Mueller, Max Perry (September 2014). 1592:. Vol. 44, no. 40. London: 1582:Smith, John Henry (October 2, 1882). 1144: 1142: 973:. Additionally, a footnote to a 1995 487:of Mormon people from the state. The 448:Old Testament Seminary Teacher Manual 7: 4396:History of African Americans in Utah 3140:. Collier's Publishing. p. 49. 3085:. Collier's Publishing. p. 46. 2957:. Collier's Publishing. p. 44. 1693:Bulkeley, Deborah (April 13, 2007). 446:marries a Philistine woman. The LDS 188:Native American people and Mormonism 6025:List of Book of Mormon translations 5995:Truth & Transparency Foundation 5899:Utah Property Management Associates 5467:spectrums of orthodoxy and practice 4177:Millet, Robert L. (June 27, 2003). 4033:The Teachings of Spencer W. Kimball 3907:Bergera, Gary James (Summer 2013). 3113:Turner, John G. (August 18, 2012). 2795:Marianno, Scott D. (July 1, 2015). 2168:The Teachings of Spencer W. Kimball 2015:Winslow, Ben (September 22, 2012). 1770:B. Carmon Hardy (August 30, 2017). 1625:Marianno, Scott D. (July 1, 2015). 4991:Indigenous peoples of the Americas 4415:LDS temple and priesthood policies 4143:"Interracial Marriage Discouraged" 3503:Middleton, George W. (July 1913). 2712:Johnson, Clark (October 1, 1992). 2661:Johnson, Clark (October 1, 1992). 2049:Van Leer, Twila (March 12, 1996). 1950:University of North Carolina Press 1911:. pp. 218–219. Archived from 273:man Lewis Dana and Mary Gont were 205:in which God wanted several early 14: 6075:Mormonism and Nicene Christianity 4123:, Department of Communications: 7 2828:"Council Minutes, 16 Dec. 1897". 2544:Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling 1229:Park, Benjamin (April 18, 2017). 784:told top leaders of the church's 6145: 6133: 6122: 6121: 4985: 4976: 4975: 4726: 4715: 4714: 4391:Black people and early Mormonism 4108:Roberts, Paul T. (August 1983). 2639:Journal, December 1842–June 1844 1004:Latter Day Saint movement portal 996: 746:and prominent Mormon theologian 740:The Seventy's Course in Theology 220: 125: 116: 6146: 5845:Deseret News Publishing Company 3740:Whalen, William Joseph (1964). 3484:. pp. 165–166 – via 3474:Roberts, Brigham Henry (1907). 2887:(1st ed.). Cambridge, MA: 2851:"18 Aug 1900 Council minutes". 2773:The Journal of George Q. Cannon 2089:University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1813:(1st ed.). Cambridge, MA: 1353:on October 1, 2022 – via 1291:Eternal Marriage Student Manual 971:Eternal Marriage Student Manual 529:because of his Black ancestor. 418:were forbidden to intermarry." 16:Race relationships in Mormonism 5820:Deseret Management Corporation 4790:Mormon teachings on skin color 4440:Mormon teachings on skin color 4231:Black Saints in a White Church 3719:Lowry Nelson papers, 1906-1985 3272:on April 18, 2017 – via 2883:Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet 2017:"Brigham Young's secret wife?" 1997:on April 10, 2018 – via 1918:on April 10, 2018 – via 1809:Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet 1725:Marquardt, H. Michael (1999). 1663:Texas A&M University Press 1422:Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet 1: 6080:Relationship to U.S. politics 5667:Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 4420:1978 Revelation on Priesthood 4327:on March 9, 2024 – via 2830:George A. Smith Family Papers 2614:History of the Church, Vol. 5 2581:History of the Church, Vol. 6 2406:Cain, Ham, and the Priesthood 1990:. p. 188. Archived from 2377:University of Illinois Press 2138:Relevant sections quoted at 2124:University of Illinois Press 1871:University of Oklahoma Press 1778:University of Oklahoma Press 1728:The Joseph Smith Revelations 1386:University of Illinois Press 1259:Aaronic Priesthood: Manual 3 1199:University of Illinois Press 1149:Anderson, Devery S. (2011). 428:Old Testament Student Manual 21:In the past, leaders of The 2838:J. Willard Marriott Library 922:Teachings from 1978–present 867:stated in a 1964 letter to 6210: 6065:Mormon History Association 5855:Beneficial Financial Group 4917:Salt Creek Canyon massacre 4845:Black Hawk War (1865–1872) 4812:History of slavery in Utah 4662:Amanda and Samuel Chambers 4499:Lynching of Thomas Coleman 4484:Civil rights and Mormonism 4462:Act in Relation to Service 4457:History of slavery in Utah 4386:Black people and Mormonism 4276:"Children of the Covenant" 3788:, Provo, Utah – via 2621:. p. 217 – via 1032:Marriage in the LDS Church 1017:Black people and Mormonism 950:Under the Banner of Heaven 635: 632:Lynching of Thomas Coleman 536: 185: 152:Act in Relation to Service 108:History of slavery in Utah 100:Black people and Mormonism 97: 87: 33:is no longer considered a 6140:Latter Day Saint Movement 6117: 5889:Perpetual Emigration Fund 5840:Temple Square Hospitality 5788:Church Educational System 5558:Latter-day Saints Channel 5289:For the Strength of Youth 4971: 4710: 4227:Embry, Jessie L. (1994). 3914:Utah Historical Quarterly 3510:The Young Woman's Journal 3234:Journal of Mormon History 3200:10.5406/jmormhist.41.3.97 3192:10.5406/jmormhist.41.3.97 3179:Journal of Mormon History 3134:Collier, Fred C. (1987). 3079:Collier, Fred C. (1987). 2951:Collier, Fred C. (1987). 2145:October 12, 2017, at the 1695:"Mixed marriages on rise" 1556:Utah Historical Quarterly 1515:"Race and the Priesthood" 1027:Culture of the LDS Church 804:Under George Albert Smith 69:temple and priesthood ban 6107:Kirtland Egyptian papers 6030:Joseph Smith Translation 5894:Perpetual Education Fund 5850:Bonneville International 5229:Apostasy and restoration 4829:Indian Placement Program 4317:. Salt Lake City, Utah. 4121:Brigham Young University 4117:Theses and Dissertations 3786:Brigham Young University 2861:Brigham Young University 2782:Church Historian’s Press 2318:. 2012. pp. 91–93. 1335:. Salt Lake City, Utah: 1118:Bush, Lester E. (1973). 849:In 1958, church apostle 832:Brigham Young University 780:First Presidency member 738:five-volume book series 654:simulated in the temple 638:Murder of Thomas Coleman 481:Jackson County, Missouri 370:The Pearl of Great Price 351:currently used to teach 6184:Sexuality and Mormonism 5963:Historical authenticity 4912:Fountain Green massacre 3447:Oxford University Press 3357:Oxford University Press 3053:The Juvenile Instructor 2648:The Joseph Smith Papers 2404:Joseph Fielding Smith. 1012:Anti-miscegenation laws 471:In 1843 church founder 211:polygamous relationship 90:Anti-miscegenation laws 5980:Mormon Stories Podcast 5672:Quorums of the Seventy 5403:Curses of Cain and Ham 5170:Doctrine and Covenants 5135:Mormonism and violence 4445:Curses of Cain and Ham 3727:Merrill–Cazier Library 3355:. New York, New York: 2853:Adam S. Bennion papers 2611:Smith, George (1948). 2578:Smith, George (1948). 2539:Bushman, Richard Lyman 914: 846: 777: 670:Under Wilford Woodruff 575: 468: 436:Institutes of Religion 328:, the Lord cursed the 319: 305:In canonized scripture 289:. Sally later married 266: 164:Utah State Legislature 6189:Marriage in Mormonism 6060:Mormon fundamentalism 5835:Deseret Digital Media 5808:BYU–Pathway Worldwide 5727:Statistics by country 5541:Humanitarian services 4881:Battle Creek massacre 4807:Mormonism and slavery 4479:Patriarchal blessings 4452:Mormonism and slavery 4319:Religion News Service 4314:The Salt Lake Tribune 4206:The Salt Lake Tribune 4197:Fletcher Stack, Peggy 3804:Fletcher Stack, Peggy 3723:Utah State University 3721:, Box: 20, folder 1. 3574:"Plain Talk to Girls" 3517:(7). Salt Lake City: 3001:Journal of Discourses 2857:Harold B. Lee Library 2803:Utah State University 2021:Fox 13 Salt Lake City 1633:Utah State University 1521:. December 13, 2013. 1497:The Salt Lake Tribune 1490:(December 16, 2013). 1488:Fletcher Stack, Peggy 1325:Bush, Lester E. Jr.; 1269:. 1995. p. 128. 909: 840: 775: 761:Young Woman's Journal 598:— In a speech in the 573: 559:as well as a form of 466: 408:Joseph Fielding Smith 404:The Way to Perfection 364:Joseph Fielding Smith 317: 264: 104:Mormonism and slavery 5958:Geographical setting 5884:Ensign Peak Advisors 5825:Deseret Book Company 5509:Especially for Youth 5356:Baptism for the dead 5224:Apostolic succession 5195:Joseph Smith–History 5190:Joseph Smith–Matthew 5175:Pearl of Great Price 5110:LGBT Mormon timeline 5083:Good Neighbor policy 4896:Circleville Massacre 4886:Provo River massacre 4824:Interracial marriage 4494:Interracial marriage 4469:Joseph Smith's views 4432:Historical teachings 4075:Marriage and Divorce 3046:(November 1, 1868). 2025:Tribune Broadcasting 1869:. Norman, Oklahoma: 1776:. Norman, Oklahoma: 1653:Iber, Jorge (2001). 1301:. 2003. p. 169. 977:talk by the apostle 825:Under David O. McKay 600:Salt Lake Tabernacle 380:Pearl of Great Price 31:interracial marriage 6097:Joseph Smith Papyri 5504:Cultural depictions 5301:Family Proclamation 5278:Family Home Evening 4905:Massacre of Mormons 4874:Massacre by Mormons 4865:Bear River Massacre 4028:Kimball, Spencer W. 4004:on January 15, 2007 3965:The Washington Post 3778:(August 27, 1954). 2163:Kimball, Spencer W. 947:stated in his book 878:told BYU president 841:McConkie's popular 820:1950–1978 teachings 814:George Albert Smith 800:with Black people. 699:1900–1950 teachings 355:students about the 201:said he received a 6179:Mormonism and race 6047:FARMS organization 6020:ComeUntoChrist.org 5830:Deseret Industries 5737:Less-active Mormon 5722:Membership history 5571:Missionary service 5536:General Conference 5125:Name of the church 5115:Handcart companies 4817:Indian Slavery Act 4687:Jane Manning James 4682:Mary Lee Pugh Hope 3717:" (17 July 1947). 3550:Unknown parameter 3480:. Salt Lake City: 3400:. Salt Lake City: 3120:The New York Times 2929:Unknown parameter 2834:University of Utah 2617:. Salt Lake City: 2584:. Salt Lake City: 1988:Harvard University 1909:Harvard University 1844:Unknown parameter 1780:. pp. 34–37. 1731:. Salt Lake City: 1549:Mason, Patrick Q. 1465:Unknown parameter 1265:. Salt Lake City: 1155:. Salt Lake City: 1042:Race and sexuality 1022:Celestial marriage 975:general conference 915: 902:Spencer W. Kimball 865:Delbert L. Stapley 847: 778: 584:Kwaku Walker Lewis 576: 565:Mormon Reformation 469: 320: 310:The Book of Mormon 299:Spencer W. Kimball 267: 6161: 6160: 6042:FAIR organization 5985:Salamander letter 5650:Russell M. Nelson 5430:Reformed Egyptian 5413:Pacific Islanders 5254:Plan of salvation 5200:Articles of Faith 5103:succession crisis 5063:Anthon Transcript 4999: 4998: 4742: 4741: 4629:Winston Wilkinson 4554:Keith N. Hamilton 4378:Overview articles 4307:(March 8, 2024). 4119:. . Provo, Utah: 3813:Salt Lake Tribune 3776:Petersen, Mark E. 3748:. New York City: 3665:Quinn, D. Michael 3610:Quinn, D. Michael 3445:. New York City: 3366:978-0-19-975407-6 3326:"Blood Atonement" 3288:Quinn, D. Michael 2769:Cannon, George Q. 2386:978-0-252-08121-7 2140:mormonmatters.org 979:Russell M. Nelson 929:were now eligible 851:Bruce R. McConkie 622:general authority 67:. Even after the 6201: 6153: 6149: 6148: 6141: 6137: 6129: 6125: 6124: 6007: 5925: 5714: 5677:Presiding Bishop 5662:First Presidency 5637: 5618:Worship services 5601:Tabernacle Choir 5496: 5408:Native Americans 5371:Temple endowment 5366:Second anointing 5361:Marriage sealing 5314:God in Mormonism 5259:Degrees of glory 5216: 5152: 5120:Mormon Battalion 5073:Church of Christ 5045: 5035: 5026: 5019: 5012: 5003: 4989: 4979: 4978: 4769: 4762: 4755: 4746: 4734: 4730: 4722: 4718: 4717: 4667:Eldridge Cleaver 4645: 4624:Shaquille Walker 4619:Catherine Stokes 4569:Peter M. Johnson 4559:Alvin B. Jackson 4512: 4433: 4379: 4371: 4363: 4356: 4349: 4340: 4333: 4332: 4329:Internet Archive 4326: 4321:. Archived from 4301: 4295: 4294: 4288: 4286: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4258:Internet Archive 4255: 4253: 4234: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4199:(June 8, 2008). 4193: 4187: 4186: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4162: 4160: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4114: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4092: 4090: 4080:speeches.byu.edu 4070:Kimball, Spencer 4066: 4060: 4059: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4011: 4009: 4003: 3997:. Archived from 3996: 3988:Kimball, Spencer 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3956: 3947: 3946: 3927:10.2307/45063320 3904: 3895: 3894: 3888: 3886: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3830:Internet Archive 3827: 3825: 3816:. Archived from 3806:(May 21, 2010). 3800: 3794: 3793: 3790:Internet Archive 3772: 3766: 3765: 3759: 3757: 3750:John Day Company 3747: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3693: 3691: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3635:10.2307/45226709 3618: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3596:Internet Archive 3593: 3591: 3570:Clark, J. Reuben 3566: 3560: 3559: 3553: 3548: 3546: 3538: 3528: 3526: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3486:Internet Archive 3471: 3465: 3464: 3433: 3420: 3419: 3388: 3375: 3374: 3343: 3334: 3333: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3274:Internet Archive 3271: 3265:. Archived from 3247:10.2307/24243899 3230: 3221: 3212: 3211: 3173: 3160: 3159: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3062:Internet Archive 3044:Reynolds, George 3040: 3034: 3033: 3019: 3013: 3012: 2998: 2986: 2977: 2976: 2948: 2939: 2938: 2932: 2927: 2925: 2917: 2910:Internet Archive 2907: 2905: 2886: 2876: 2865: 2864: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2812: 2810: 2805:. pp. 57–58 2792: 2786: 2785: 2765: 2754: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2736:on June 29, 2018 2732:. Archived from 2709: 2703: 2702: 2692: 2690: 2685:on June 29, 2018 2681:. Archived from 2658: 2652: 2651: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2595: 2593: 2575: 2566: 2565: 2535: 2526: 2525: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2492: 2486: 2481: 2475: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2427: 2421: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2401: 2395: 2394: 2366: 2335: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2278: 2272: 2267: 2261: 2256: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2234: 2228: 2223: 2217: 2212: 2206: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2159: 2150: 2137: 2122:(2nd ed.). 2115: 2109: 2108: 2105:Internet Archive 2102: 2100: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2012: 2006: 2005: 1999:Internet Archive 1996: 1985: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1939: 1928: 1927: 1920:Internet Archive 1917: 1906: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1847: 1842: 1840: 1832: 1829:Internet Archive 1812: 1802: 1796: 1795: 1767: 1758: 1757: 1751: 1749: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1660: 1650: 1644: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1622: 1613: 1612: 1603: 1601: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1563:on April 9, 2018 1559:. Archived from 1546: 1527: 1526: 1511: 1502: 1501: 1484: 1475: 1474: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1453: 1442:Internet Archive 1425: 1415: 1404: 1403: 1383: 1374:Mauss, Armand L. 1370: 1359: 1358: 1355:Internet Archive 1349:. Archived from 1327:Mauss, Armand L. 1322: 1303: 1302: 1296: 1286: 1275: 1274: 1264: 1254: 1245: 1244: 1236:The Conversation 1226: 1217: 1216: 1194:Black and Mormon 1188: 1179: 1178: 1159:. p. xlvi. 1146: 1137: 1136: 1124: 1115: 1096: 1095: 1085: 1083: 1063: 1006: 1001: 1000: 999: 955:Robert L. Millet 943:In 2003, author 880:Ernest Wilkinson 869:George W. Romney 810:First Presidency 710:First Presidency 704:George Q. Cannon 688:George Q. Cannon 684:First Presidency 660:D. Michael Quinn 503:George Q. Cannon 499:First Presidency 477:Nauvoo, Illinois 440:Mark E. Petersen 345:Mormon apologist 231: 224: 129: 120: 74:Native Americans 51:Church president 6209: 6208: 6204: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6199: 6198: 6164: 6163: 6162: 6157: 6151: 6139: 6127: 6113: 6005: 5999: 5938:Book of Abraham 5923: 5917: 5911:Deseret Ranches 5757:Congregational 5746: 5732:Mormon corridor 5712: 5706: 5635: 5629: 5494: 5492: 5486: 5445:Law of chastity 5319:Heavenly Mother 5214: 5212: 5206: 5185:Book of Abraham 5150: 5144: 5053:1838 Mormon War 5043: 5037: 5033: 5030: 5000: 4995: 4967: 4963:Larry Echo Hawk 4921: 4900: 4869: 4833: 4778: 4773: 4743: 4738: 4732: 4720: 4706: 4644:Deceased people 4643: 4638: 4510: 4505: 4431: 4426: 4377: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4337: 4336: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4284: 4282: 4272:Nelson, Russell 4270: 4269: 4265: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4237:Signature Books 4226: 4225: 4221: 4211: 4209: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4158: 4156: 4155:. June 17, 1978 4141: 4140: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4112: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4088: 4086: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4048: 4040:. p. 226. 4026: 4025: 4021: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3968:. July 15, 1978 3958: 3957: 3950: 3906: 3905: 3898: 3884: 3882: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3823: 3821: 3820:on May 25, 2010 3802: 3801: 3797: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3755: 3753: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3677:. p. 345. 3675:Signature Books 3663: 3662: 3658: 3616: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3589: 3587: 3579:Improvement Era 3572:(August 1946). 3568: 3567: 3563: 3549: 3539: 3524: 3522: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3473: 3472: 3468: 3457: 3435: 3434: 3423: 3412: 3402:Signature Books 3390: 3389: 3378: 3367: 3345: 3344: 3337: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3308: 3300:. p. 256. 3298:Signature Books 3286: 3285: 3281: 3269: 3228: 3223: 3222: 3215: 3175: 3174: 3163: 3148: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3093: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3042: 3041: 3037: 3029:Huffington Post 3021: 3020: 3016: 2996: 2988: 2987: 2980: 2965: 2950: 2949: 2942: 2928: 2918: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2891:. p. 222. 2878: 2877: 2868: 2855:. Provo, Utah: 2850: 2849: 2845: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2808: 2806: 2801:. Logan, Utah: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2767: 2766: 2757: 2739: 2737: 2730: 2718:. Provo, Utah: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2688: 2686: 2679: 2667:. Provo, Utah: 2660: 2659: 2655: 2642:. Vol. 3. 2636:Smith, Joseph. 2635: 2634: 2630: 2610: 2609: 2605: 2591: 2589: 2577: 2576: 2569: 2555: 2537: 2536: 2529: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2482: 2478: 2471: 2467: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2417: 2413: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2387: 2368: 2367: 2338: 2331: 2327: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2294:. Provo, Utah: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2268: 2264: 2257: 2253: 2246: 2242: 2235: 2231: 2224: 2220: 2213: 2209: 2202: 2198: 2183: 2175:. p. 226. 2161: 2160: 2153: 2147:Wayback Machine 2134: 2126:. p. 150. 2117: 2116: 2112: 2098: 2096: 2080: 2079: 2075: 2065: 2063: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2014: 2013: 2009: 1994: 1983: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1960: 1941: 1940: 1931: 1915: 1904: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1881: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1843: 1833: 1825: 1804: 1803: 1799: 1788: 1769: 1768: 1761: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1735:. p. 375. 1733:Signature Books 1724: 1723: 1719: 1709: 1707: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1673: 1652: 1651: 1647: 1637: 1635: 1631:. Logan, Utah: 1624: 1623: 1616: 1599: 1597: 1589:Millennial Star 1581: 1580: 1576: 1566: 1564: 1548: 1547: 1530: 1513: 1512: 1505: 1486: 1485: 1478: 1464: 1454: 1438: 1430:. p. 210. 1417: 1416: 1407: 1396: 1372: 1371: 1362: 1347: 1337:Signature Books 1329:, eds. (1984). 1324: 1323: 1306: 1294: 1288: 1287: 1278: 1262: 1256: 1255: 1248: 1228: 1227: 1220: 1209: 1190: 1189: 1182: 1167: 1157:Signature Books 1148: 1147: 1140: 1122: 1117: 1116: 1099: 1081: 1079: 1072:Follow the Rule 1065: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1002: 997: 995: 992: 984:Mormon corridor 924: 904: 856:Mormon Doctrine 843:Mormon Doctrine 827: 822: 806: 792:Improvement Era 782:J. Reuben Clark 770: 768:J. Reuben Clark 732: 719: 706: 701: 672: 640: 634: 609: 561:human sacrifice 541: 539:Blood atonement 535: 515:Joseph F. Smith 492:Parley P. Pratt 461: 456: 424: 376:Book of Abraham 372: 312: 307: 255: 254: 253: 252: 238: 233: 232: 225: 190: 184: 144: 143: 142: 141: 132: 131: 130: 122: 121: 110: 96: 88:Main articles: 86: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6207: 6205: 6197: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6166: 6165: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6155: 6143: 6131: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6111: 6110: 6109: 6104: 6094: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6070:Mormon studies 6067: 6062: 6057: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6011: 6009: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5976: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5943:Book of Mormon 5940: 5935: 5933:Anti-Mormonism 5929: 5927: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5915: 5914: 5913: 5903: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5876: 5874:Philanthropies 5871: 5870: 5869: 5859: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5817: 5816: 5815: 5813:Ensign College 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5785: 5784: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5754: 5752: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5718: 5716: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5682:Relief Society 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5658: 5657: 5652: 5641: 5639: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5626: 5625: 5615: 5614: 5613: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5560: 5555: 5554: 5553: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5527: 5526: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5500: 5498: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5484: 5482:Word of Wisdom 5479: 5474: 5472:Temple garment 5469: 5464: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5380: 5375: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5348: 5347: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5310: 5309: 5304: 5292: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5274: 5273: 5272: 5271: 5269:Premortal life 5266: 5261: 5251: 5246: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5220: 5218: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5172: 5167: 5165:Book of Mormon 5162: 5156: 5154: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5106: 5105: 5100: 5090: 5088:Historic sites 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5058:1890 Manifesto 5055: 5049: 5047: 5039: 5038: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5021: 5014: 5006: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4983: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4960: 4958:Tony Tillohash 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4933:Chief Sagwitch 4929: 4927: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4898: 4893: 4891:Nephi massacre 4888: 4883: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4841: 4839: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4820: 4819: 4814: 4804: 4803: 4802: 4797: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4764: 4757: 4749: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4736: 4733:Pan-Africanism 4724: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4702:William McCary 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4657:Joseph T. Ball 4654: 4648: 4646: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4609:Marvin Perkins 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4544:Joseph Freeman 4541: 4539:Brandon Davies 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4515: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4503: 4502: 4501: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4474:Premortal life 4471: 4466: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4449: 4448: 4447: 4436: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4422: 4412: 4411: 4410: 4400: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4382: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4368: 4366: 4365: 4358: 4351: 4343: 4335: 4334: 4296: 4263: 4245: 4219: 4188: 4169: 4134: 4100: 4061: 4046: 4019: 3979: 3948: 3921:(3): 204–229. 3896: 3863: 3835: 3795: 3767: 3732: 3705: 3683: 3656: 3601: 3561: 3495: 3466: 3455: 3437:Brooks, Joanna 3421: 3410: 3376: 3365: 3347:Reeve, W. Paul 3335: 3317: 3306: 3279: 3241:(2): 165–254. 3213: 3161: 3146: 3126: 3105: 3091: 3071: 3035: 3014: 2990:Young, Brigham 2978: 2963: 2940: 2898:978-0674049673 2897: 2866: 2843: 2820: 2787: 2755: 2728: 2704: 2677: 2653: 2628: 2603: 2567: 2553: 2527: 2507: 2487: 2476: 2465: 2445: 2422: 2411: 2396: 2385: 2336: 2325: 2301: 2298:. p. 197. 2273: 2262: 2259:2nd Nephi 5:23 2251: 2240: 2229: 2218: 2215:1st Nephi 5:21 2207: 2196: 2181: 2151: 2132: 2110: 2091:. p. 66. 2073: 2041: 2007: 1969: 1959:978-1469633756 1958: 1929: 1890: 1879: 1855: 1824:978-0674049673 1823: 1797: 1786: 1759: 1741: 1717: 1685: 1671: 1665:. p. 55. 1645: 1614: 1574: 1528: 1503: 1476: 1437:978-0674049673 1436: 1405: 1394: 1360: 1345: 1304: 1276: 1246: 1218: 1207: 1180: 1165: 1138: 1097: 1057: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1008: 1007: 991: 988: 923: 920: 903: 900: 896:David O. McKay 826: 823: 821: 818: 805: 802: 769: 766: 752:Caucasian race 731: 728: 723:Rudger Clawson 718: 717:Rudger Clawson 715: 705: 702: 700: 697: 671: 668: 648:Salt Lake City 644:Thomas Coleman 636:Main article: 633: 630: 613:William McCary 608: 605: 604: 603: 593: 587: 557:honor killings 537:Main article: 534: 531: 460: 457: 455: 452: 423: 420: 382:, the name of 371: 368: 357:Book of Mormon 343:, a prominent 325:Book of Mormon 311: 308: 306: 303: 235: 234: 226: 219: 218: 217: 216: 215: 183: 180: 156:Utah Territory 138:Dudley Leavitt 134: 133: 124: 123: 115: 114: 113: 112: 111: 85: 82: 42:Boyd K. Packer 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6206: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6154: 6144: 6142: 6136: 6132: 6130: 6120: 6119: 6116: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5990:September Six 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5920: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5904: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5863: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5822: 5821: 5818: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5786: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5687:Sunday School 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5632: 5624: 5621: 5620: 5619: 5616: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5489: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5450:Homosexuality 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5440:Birth control 5438: 5437: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5393:Black Mormons 5391: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5298: 5297: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5215:and practices 5209: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5180:Book of Moses 5178: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5068:Brigham Young 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5040: 5036: 5027: 5022: 5020: 5015: 5013: 5008: 5007: 5004: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4982: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4948:George P. Lee 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4924: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4903: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4808: 4805: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4770: 4765: 4763: 4758: 4756: 4751: 4750: 4747: 4735: 4729: 4725: 4723: 4713: 4712: 4709: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4604:Jabari Parker 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4594:Burgess Owens 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4584:Gladys Knight 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4564:Frank Jackson 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4519:Michelle Amos 4517: 4516: 4514: 4511:Living people 4508: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4454: 4453: 4450: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4441: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4429: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4408:Genesis Group 4406: 4405: 4404: 4403:Black Mormons 4401: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4387: 4384: 4383: 4381: 4375: 4364: 4359: 4357: 4352: 4350: 4345: 4344: 4341: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4316: 4315: 4310: 4306: 4300: 4297: 4293: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4259: 4248: 4246:1-56085-044-2 4242: 4238: 4233: 4232: 4223: 4220: 4208: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4189: 4184: 4180: 4173: 4170: 4166: 4154: 4150: 4149: 4144: 4138: 4135: 4122: 4118: 4111: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4071: 4065: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4047:9780884944720 4043: 4039: 4035: 4034: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4015: 4000: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3980: 3967: 3966: 3961: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3880: 3879: 3878:The Daily Kos 3874: 3867: 3864: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3839: 3836: 3831: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3782: 3777: 3771: 3768: 3763: 3756:September 16, 3752:. p. 254 3751: 3746: 3745: 3736: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3686: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3671: 3666: 3660: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3623: 3615: 3612:(Fall 2000). 3611: 3605: 3602: 3597: 3585: 3581: 3580: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3562: 3557: 3552:|agency= 3544: 3537: 3532: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3470: 3467: 3462: 3458: 3456:9780190081751 3452: 3448: 3444: 3443: 3438: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3411:0-941214-92-3 3407: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3331: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3313: 3309: 3307:9781560850601 3303: 3299: 3295: 3294: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3275: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3227: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3186:(3): 97–130. 3185: 3181: 3180: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3139: 3138: 3130: 3127: 3122: 3121: 3116: 3109: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3039: 3036: 3031: 3030: 3025: 3018: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3002: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2966: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2931:|agency= 2923: 2916: 2911: 2900: 2894: 2890: 2889:Belknap Press 2885: 2884: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2847: 2844: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2824: 2821: 2817: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2791: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2735: 2731: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2716: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2696: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2657: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2640: 2632: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2615: 2607: 2604: 2599: 2588:. p. 210 2587: 2583: 2582: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2554:1-4000-4270-4 2550: 2546: 2545: 2540: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2518: 2511: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2473:Deuteronomy 7 2469: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2456: 2449: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2433: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2415: 2412: 2407: 2400: 2397: 2392: 2388: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2334: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2305: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2287: 2283: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2182:9780884944720 2178: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2114: 2111: 2106: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2085: 2077: 2074: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2045: 2042: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1993: 1989: 1982: 1981: 1973: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1914: 1910: 1903: 1902: 1894: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1880:9780806156866 1876: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1859: 1856: 1851: 1846:|agency= 1838: 1830: 1826: 1820: 1816: 1815:Belknap Press 1811: 1810: 1801: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1787:9780806159133 1783: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1744: 1742:1-56085-126-0 1738: 1734: 1730: 1729: 1721: 1718: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1658: 1649: 1646: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1596:. p. 639 1595: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1578: 1575: 1562: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1498: 1493: 1489: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1467:|agency= 1459: 1452: 1450: 1443: 1439: 1433: 1429: 1428:Belknap Press 1424: 1423: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1395:0-252-02803-1 1391: 1387: 1382: 1381: 1375: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1346:0-941214-22-2 1342: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1293: 1292: 1285: 1283: 1281: 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H. Roberts 745: 741: 737: 730:B. H. Roberts 729: 727: 724: 716: 714: 711: 703: 698: 696: 694: 689: 685: 681: 677: 669: 667: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 639: 631: 629: 627: 623: 618: 614: 606: 601: 597: 594: 591: 588: 585: 581: 578: 577: 572: 568: 566: 562: 558: 553: 551: 546: 545:Brigham Young 540: 533:Brigham Young 532: 530: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 495: 493: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 465: 458: 453: 451: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 432:Old Testament 429: 421: 419: 417: 413: 412:B. H. Roberts 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 369: 367: 365: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 335: 331: 327: 326: 316: 309: 304: 302: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 279:Nauvoo Temple 276: 272: 263: 259: 250: 246: 242: 237: 230: 223: 214: 212: 208: 204: 200: 195: 189: 181: 179: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 139: 128: 119: 109: 105: 101: 95: 91: 81: 79: 75: 70: 66: 62: 57: 55: 54:Brigham Young 52: 48: 47:miscegenation 43: 40: 36: 32: 28: 24: 19: 6090: 6053:I'm a Mormon 6052: 6035: 6015:Bloggernacle 5862:FamilySearch 5751:Organization 5713:Demographics 5563: 5455:Masturbation 5388:Black people 5338: 5244:Adam and Eve 5151:Sacred texts 5093:Joseph Smith 5078:First Vision 4943:Chief Kanosh 4855:Wakara's War 4823: 4697:Walker Lewis 4634:Jamal Willis 4614:Darron Smith 4599:Mark Paredes 4524:Thurl Bailey 4493: 4324:the original 4312: 4299: 4290: 4283:. Retrieved 4266: 4256:– via 4250:. Retrieved 4230: 4222: 4210:. Retrieved 4204: 4191: 4172: 4164: 4157:. Retrieved 4148:Deseret News 4146: 4137: 4125:. Retrieved 4116: 4103: 4094: 4087:. Retrieved 4079: 4074: 4064: 4055: 4052:Google Books 4050:– via 4032: 4022: 4012:– via 4006:. Retrieved 3999:the original 3982: 3970:. Retrieved 3963: 3918: 3912: 3890: 3883:. Retrieved 3876: 3866: 3854:. Retrieved 3850:The Atlantic 3848: 3838: 3828:– via 3822:. Retrieved 3818:the original 3811: 3798: 3780: 3770: 3762:Google Books 3760:– via 3754:. Retrieved 3743: 3735: 3708: 3699: 3696:Google Books 3694:– via 3688:. Retrieved 3669: 3659: 3626: 3620: 3604: 3594:– via 3588:. Retrieved 3583: 3577: 3564: 3543:cite journal 3534: 3531:Google Books 3529:– via 3523:. 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Retrieved 2586:Deseret Book 2580: 2562: 2559:Google Books 2557:– via 2543: 2516: 2510: 2496: 2490: 2479: 2468: 2454: 2448: 2440: 2431: 2425: 2419:Genesis 28:1 2414: 2405: 2399: 2391:Google Books 2389:– via 2371: 2328: 2319: 2310: 2304: 2290: 2282:Nibley, Hugh 2276: 2265: 2254: 2243: 2232: 2221: 2210: 2199: 2190: 2187:Google Books 2185:– via 2167: 2119: 2113: 2103:– via 2097:. Retrieved 2083: 2076: 2064:. Retrieved 2056:Deseret News 2054: 2044: 2032:. Retrieved 2020: 2010: 2002: 1992:the original 1979: 1972: 1964:Google Books 1962:– via 1944: 1923: 1913:the original 1900: 1893: 1885:Google Books 1883:– via 1865: 1858: 1827:– via 1808: 1800: 1792:Google Books 1790:– via 1772: 1753: 1748:September 2, 1746:. Retrieved 1727: 1720: 1708:. Retrieved 1700:Deseret News 1698: 1688: 1680: 1677:Google Books 1675:– via 1656: 1648: 1636:. Retrieved 1627: 1609: 1606:Google Books 1604:– via 1598:. Retrieved 1587: 1577: 1565:. Retrieved 1561:the original 1554: 1522: 1495: 1445: 1440:– via 1421: 1400:Google Books 1398:– via 1379: 1351:the original 1331: 1290: 1270: 1258: 1240: 1234: 1213:Google Books 1211:– via 1193: 1174: 1171:Google Books 1169:– via 1151: 1132: 1126: 1091: 1086:– via 1080:. Retrieved 1071: 1067:Packer, Boyd 1061: 970: 964: 948: 945:Jon Krakauer 942: 925: 916: 885: 873: 861:Deseret Book 854: 848: 842: 828: 812:, headed by 807: 790: 779: 759: 739: 736:Deseret News 733: 720: 707: 693:Lorenzo Snow 673: 641: 626:Parley Pratt 610: 595: 589: 579: 554: 542: 496: 473:Joseph Smith 470: 459:Joseph Smith 447: 427: 425: 403: 400:W. W. Phelps 373: 356: 348: 339: 323: 321: 268: 256: 199:Joseph Smith 191: 145: 58: 20: 18: 6085:Senkyoshigo 5968:Linguistics 5692:Young Women 5596:Tabernacles 5591:Pioneer Day 5495:and worship 5339:Interracial 5324:Ministering 5307:Transgender 5283:Fast Sunday 4677:Green Flake 4652:Elijah Abel 4549:Darius Gray 4534:Alan Cherry 4489:Segregation 4305:Riess, Jana 4127:October 29, 3881:. Kos Media 2375:. Chicago: 2099:October 12, 2066:October 12, 2034:October 12, 1584:"Utah News" 931:for temple 786:Young Women 555:Similar to 527:John Taylor 519:Elijah Abel 507:John Taylor 386:'s wife is 341:Hugh Nibley 37:. In 1977, 27:ethnicities 6168:Categories 5948:Archeology 5906:AgReserves 5803:BYU-Hawaii 5781:Statistics 5636:Leadership 5425:Revelation 5378:Priesthood 5351:Ordinances 5264:Exaltation 5160:Holy Bible 4938:Chief Tuba 4692:Peter Kerr 4672:Gobo Fango 4579:Bryan Kehl 4285:August 28, 4280:LDS Church 4252:August 26, 4212:August 28, 4183:LDS Church 4159:August 27, 4153:LDS Church 4089:August 28, 4078:(Speech). 4008:August 26, 3972:August 26, 3885:August 28, 3856:August 28, 3701:Scripture. 3690:October 9, 3684:1560851554 3525:August 26, 3147:0934964017 3092:0934964017 2964:0934964017 2904:August 28, 2809:August 26, 2778:LDS Church 2729:0884948501 2678:0884948501 2644:LDS Church 2592:August 28, 2522:LDS Church 2502:LDS Church 2460:LDS Church 2437:LDS Church 2316:LDS Church 2133:0252062361 2061:LDS Church 1710:August 28, 1705:LDS Church 1672:1585442054 1638:August 26, 1600:August 26, 1594:LDS Church 1519:LDS church 1299:LDS Church 1267:LDS Church 1208:0252073568 1082:August 26, 1077:LDS Church 1075:(Speech). 1053:References 937:missionary 933:ordinances 876:Harold Lee 853:published 797:Hotel Utah 756:phrenology 742:by church 676:ordinances 511:priesthood 434:in church 416:priesthood 406:, apostle 396:black skin 203:revelation 186:See also: 98:See also: 78:Israelites 5924:Criticism 5867:RootsTech 5798:BYU-Idaho 5742:Ex-Mormon 5697:Young Men 5645:President 5623:Sacrament 5435:Sexuality 5334:Celestial 5249:Evolution 5239:Cosmology 4953:Kahpeputz 4860:Posey War 4838:Conflicts 4795:Lamanites 4529:Alex Boyé 4038:Bookcraft 4014:BYU-Idaho 3943:254446844 3651:254297822 3629:(3): 33. 3554:ignored ( 3521:: 408–410 3263:254481484 3208:246563870 2933:ignored ( 2922:cite book 2720:Bookcraft 2669:Bookcraft 2484:Judges 14 2333:Moses 7:7 2248:Alma 3:15 2237:Alma 3:14 2204:Jacob 3:5 2173:Bookcraft 1848:ignored ( 1837:cite book 1755:gentiles. 1469:ignored ( 1458:cite book 1272:question. 968:institute 888:endowment 656:endowment 652:penalties 642:In 1866, 422:The Bible 359:, quotes 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