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610:. The interviewer asks questions to which the interviewee responds, usually providing information. That information may be used or provided to other audiences immediately or later. This feature is common to many types of interviews – a job interview or interview with a witness to an event may have no other audience present at the time, but the answers will be later provided to others in the employment or investigative process. An interview may also transfer information in both directions.
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collection and interpretation of information. Bias can be created from the interviewer's perception of the interviewee, or the interviewee's perception of the interviewer. Additionally, a researcher can bring biases to the table based on the researcher's mental state, their preparedness for conducting the research, and the researcher conducting inappropriate interviews. Interviewers can use various practices known in
560:
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The relationship between the interviewer and interviewee in research settings can have both positive and negative consequences. Their relationship can bring deeper understanding of the information being collected, however this creates a risk that the interviewer will be unable to be unbiased in their
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with prospective students as a way of assessing a student's suitability while offering the student a chance to learn more about a college. Some services specialize in coaching people for interviews. Embassy officials may conduct interviews with applicants for student visas before approving their visa
651:
The traditionally two-person interview format, sometimes called a one-on-one interview, permits direct questions and follow-ups, which enables an interviewer to better gauge the accuracy and relevance of responses. It is a flexible arrangement in the sense that subsequent questions can be tailored
624:
Interviews can be unstructured, free-wheeling, and open-ended conversations without a predetermined plan or prearranged questions. One form of unstructured interview is a focused interview in which the interviewer consciously and consistently guides the conversation so that the interviewee's
1101:
Dipboye, R. L., Macan, T., & Shahani-Denning, C. (2012). The selection interview from the interviewer and applicant perspectives: Can't have one without the other. In N. Schmitt (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of personnel assessment and selection (pp. 323–352). New York City: Oxford
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to clarify earlier answers. Further, it eliminates possible distortion due to other parties being present. Interviews have taken on an even more significant role, offering opportunities to showcase not just expertise, but adaptability and strategic thinking.
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Memon, A., Cronin, O., Eaves, R., Bull, R. (1995). An empirical test of mnemonic components of the cognitive interview. In G. Davies, S. Lloyd-Bostock, M. McMurran, C. Wilson (Eds.), Psychology, Law, and
Criminal Justice (pp. 135–145). Berlin: Walter de
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as a training exercise to prepare the respondent to handle questions in the subsequent 'real' interview. A series of interviews may be arranged, with the first interview sometimes being a short
830:. Each of these practices allows the interviewer, or researcher, the opportunity to use their bias to enhance their work by gaining a deeper understanding of the problem they are studying.
691:, followed by more in-depth interviews, usually by company personnel who can ultimately hire the applicant. Technology has enabled new possibilities for interviewing; for example,
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over the phone and in person to gain information for subsequent publication. Reporters also interview government officials and political candidates for broadcast. In a
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on eyewitnesses and victims to try to ascertain what can be recalled specifically from a crime scene, hopefully before the specific memories begin to fade in the mind.
640:. Typically the interviewer has some way of recording the information that is gleaned from the interviewee, often by keeping notes with a pencil and paper, or with a
1251:"Investigating validity and effectiveness of cognitive interviewing as a pretesting method for non-English questionnaires: Findings from Korean cognitive interviews"
621:. Interviews almost always involve a spoken conversation between two or more parties, but can also happen between two persons who type their questions and answers.
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where one participant asks questions, and the other provides answers. In common parlance, the word "interview" refers to a one-on-one conversation between an
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to randomly dial phone numbers to conduct highly structured telephone interviews, with scripted questions and responses entered directly into the computer.
739:. Interviews are used in marketing research as a tool that a firm may utilize to gain an understanding of how consumers think, or as a tool in the form of
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the identity of the interviewee is concealed to reduce interviewer bias. Blind interviews are sometimes used in the software industry and are standard in
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Rand
Corporation. (1975) The criminal investigation process (Vol. 1–3). Rand Corporation Technical Report R-1776-DOJ, R-1777-DOJ, Santa Monica, CA
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in which the applicant is presented with a question or task or challenge, and asked to resolve the situation. Candidates may be treated to a
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is a formal consultation for evaluating the qualifications of the interviewee for a specific position. One type of job interview is a
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1447:"Interviewing the Investigator: Strategies for Addressing Instrumentation and Researcher Bias Concerns in Qualitative Research"
474:
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Roulston, Kathryn; Shelton, Stephanie Anne (2015-02-17). "Reconceptualizing Bias in
Teaching Qualitative Research Methods".
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conversations in which specific questions occur in a specified order. They can follow diverse formats; for example, in a
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701:. Psychologists use a variety of interviewing methods and techniques to try to understand and help their patients. In a
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Interviews usually take place face-to-face, in person, but the parties may instead be separated geographically, as in
765:, a radio or television host interviews one or more people, with the topic usually chosen by the host, sometimes for
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743:(or cognitive pretesting) for improving questionnaire design. Consumer research firms sometimes use
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805:. Blind interviews have been shown in some cases to increase the hiring of minorities and women.
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731:, interviews are used in a wide variety of ways as a method to do extensive personality tests.
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responses do not stray from the main research topic or idea. Interviews can also be highly
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709:. Sometimes two people are interviewed by an interviewer, with one format being called
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1303:. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Division of Information Services. February 28, 2008
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has enabled interviewing applicants from afar which is becoming increasingly popular.
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Kvale & Brinkman. 2008. InterViews, 2nd
Edition. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
962:. University of California: Science research associates. pp. 105–112
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The
Harvard Business School Guide to Careers in Management Consulting
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Laddering: A research interview technique for uncovering core values
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Cognitive interviewing: A tool for improving questionnaire design
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applications. Interviewing in legal contexts is often called
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Qualitative research design : an interactive approach
986:"Qualitative research method-interviewing and observation"
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to mitigate interviewer bias. These practices include
775:. Sometimes college representatives or alumni conduct
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Interviews can happen in a wide variety of contexts:
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Some interviews are recorded for television broadcast
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International
Journal of Social Research Methodology
946:, Dictionary definition, Retrieved February 16, 2016
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1074:"15 Tips on How to Nail a Face-to-Face Interview"
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1158:"Using Joint Interviews to Add Analytic Value"
713:. Criminologists and detectives sometimes use
735:are the most used form of data collection in
532:
8:
1113:"The Value or Importance of a Job Interview"
1249:Park, Hyunjoo; Sha, M. Mandy (2014-11-02).
753:. Typically, reporters covering a story in
1430:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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27:Structured series of questions and answers
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1374:Miller, Claire Cain (25 February 2016).
1353:"Can a Failure Resume Help You Succeed?"
923:, between a librarian and a library user
849:Computer assisted telephone interviewing
745:computer-assisted telephone interviewing
555:A musician interviewed in a radio studio
470:Library and information science software
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990:Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy
465:Geographic information system software
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7:
1351:Sanjay Salomon (January 30, 2015).
1376:"Is Blind Hiring the Best Hiring?"
984:Jamshed, Shazia (September 2014).
25:
571:Athletes interviewed after a race
1445:Chenail, Ronald (2011-01-01).
563:A woman interviewing for a job
1:
959:Frontier Thinking in Guidance
788:is another kind of interview.
1267:10.1080/13645579.2013.823002
942:Merriam Webster Dictionary,
1163:Qualitative Health Research
1156:Polak, L; Green, J (2015).
582:with a member of the public
1547:
1321:Beaman, Jim (2011-04-14).
751:Journalism and other media
32:Interview (disambiguation)
29:
492:Qualitative data analysis
1490:10.1177/1077800414563803
1176:10.1177/1049732315580103
1003:10.4103/0976-0105.141942
956:Rogers, Carl R. (1945).
897:In journalism and media
1224:Willis, Gordon (2005).
1451:The Qualitative Report
1398:Watson, Lucas (2018).
1324:Interviewing for Radio
901:Interview (journalism)
886:Unstructured interview
741:cognitive interviewing
721:Marketing and Academic
707:psychiatric assessment
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371:Inferential statistics
317:Descriptive statistics
264:Human subject research
1228:. Sage. p. 146.
703:psychiatric interview
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155:Philosophical schools
1078:blog.pluralsight.com
881:Structured interview
875:Qualitative research
854:Interview (research)
816:qualitative research
803:orchestral auditions
737:qualitative research
715:cognitive interviews
619:telephone interviews
480:Reference management
430:Scientific modelling
172:Critical rationalism
30:For other uses, see
1478:Qualitative Inquiry
921:Reference interview
689:screening interview
460:Argument technology
1526:Survey methodology
1380:The New York Times
912:In other contexts
891:Interviewer effect
859:Knowledge transfer
777:college interviews
725:marketing research
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454:Tools and software
398:Secondary research
322:Discourse analysis
1409:978-1-68469-560-7
1334:978-1-136-85007-3
1297:"BLS Information"
1145:978-1-57851-581-3
1139:, 2002, page 21,
1117:Houston Chronicle
1060:2009, Uxmatters,
1050:978-0-7619-2542-2
916:College interview
729:academic research
711:couple interviews
664:A radio interview
615:videoconferencing
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515:Philosophy portal
423:Systematic review
408:Literature review
366:Historical method
349:Social experiment
284:Scientific method
269:Narrative inquiry
120:Interdisciplinary
114:Research strategy
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1135:Maggie Lu,
1102:University.
828:reflexivity
824:objectivity
608:interviewee
604:interviewer
327:Ethnography
227:Methodology
182:Fallibilism
130:Qualitative
100:Referencing
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1418:1124999541
1307:2009-05-05
1122:2014-01-17
1088:2015-11-05
930:References
786:Debriefing
759:interviews
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627:structured
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80:Proposal
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