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599:(the persisting septa of the ovary). At maturity, the dehiscence zone is effectively a non-lignified layer between two regions of lignified cells in the valve and the replum. Shattering occurs due to the combination of cell wall loosening in the dehiscence zone and the tensions established by the differential hygro-responsive properties of the drying cells.
297:
184:
In loculicidal dehiscence, the locule wall splits between the septa, leaving the latter intact, while in septicidal dehiscence the split is at the septum that separates the loculi. Septicidal and loculicidal dehiscence may not be completely distinct; in some cases both the septa and the walls of the
244:
723:
673:
434:. The cells lose water, and the uneven thickness causes the thinner walls of the cells to stretch to a greater extent. This creates a tension that eventually leads to the anther being split along its line of weakness and releasing pollen grains to the atmosphere.
691:
191:
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Anther dehiscence is the final function of the anther that causes the release of pollen grains. This process is coordinated precisely with pollen differentiation, floral development, and flower opening.
170:, the "squirting cucumber", uses explosive dehiscence to disperse its seeds, ejecting them from matured fruit in a stream of mucilaginous liquid. Explosive dehiscence of sporangia is a characteristic of
209:
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cells is part of a developmentally timed cell-death program. Expansion of the endothecial layer and subsequent drying are also required for dehiscence. The endothecium tissue is responsible for the
851:
373:
Circumscissile dehiscence involves a horizontal opening that causes a lid to separate completely. This type of dehiscence occurs in some fruit and anthers and also in some flower buds.
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411:
dehiscence. If the pollen is released through a split that is positioned to the side, towards other anthers, rather than towards the inside or outside of the flower, this is
605:
403:
anther dehiscence it is instead a small pore. If the pollen is released from the anther through a split on the outer side (relative to the center of the flower), this is
284:
266:
Dehiscence occurs through breakage of various parts of the enclosing structure; the mechanisms can be classified in various ways, but intermediate forms also occur.
272:
528:
There are many different types of fruit dehiscence involving different types of structures. Some fruits are indehiscent, and do not open to disperse the seeds.
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123:
that causes seed dispersal is a disadvantage for farmers, whose goal is to collect the seed. Many agronomically important plants have been bred for reduced
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296:
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mechanism. This process is similar to anther dehiscence and the region that breaks (dehiscence zone) runs the entire length of the fruit between the
227:
158:), which can fling seeds 100 meters (300 ft) and has been called the "boomer plant" due to the loud sound it generates. Another example is
708:
486:
and related genera open with circumscissile dehiscence. A small cap separates from the remainder of the bud along a circular horizontal zone.
464:
256:
has opened apically to reveal the capsule (ovary) inside. The capsule has split vertically in the centre, as well as through the locule walls.
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430:
that lead to splitting of the anther. This tissue is usually one to several layers thick, with cells walls of uneven thickness due to uneven
682:
capsules have loculicidal dehiscence; the fruit splits through the ovary wall of each carpel, allowing the seeds to exit directly from the
492:
452:
702:
fruits open with circumscissile dehiscence. A small cap separates from the remainder of the fruit along a circular horizontal zone.
620:
101:
is the usual term for the opening of flowers. Dehiscence may or may not involve the loss of a structure through the process of
58:
is the splitting of a mature plant structure along a built-in line of weakness to release its contents. This is common among
1127:
31:
1161:
1156:
1151:
349:
Poricidal dehiscence occurs in many unrelated organisms, in fruit, causing the release of seeds, and also in the
124:
70:. Sometimes this involves the complete detachment of a part. Structures that open in this way are said to be
941:—structures that form inside a sporangium and aid in spore dispersal of horsetails, liverworts, and hornworts
834:
790:
capsules functions in a similar way in dehiscence to the endothecium in the walls of anthers (see above).
324:
Dehiscence through a small hole (pore) is referred to as poricidal dehiscence. The pore may have a cover (
730:
164:, whose explosive dehiscence is triggered by being touched, leading it to be called the "touch-me-not".
152:
can achieve limited dispersal without the assistance of animals. A notable example is the sandbox tree (
391:
The anther wall breaks at a specific site. Usually this site is observed as an indentation between the
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capsules have septicidal dehiscence; the fruit splits through the septa between the carpels
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is the region of the anther where dehiscence occurs. The degeneration of the stomium and
27:
Splitting of a mature plant structure along built-in line of weakness to release contents
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fruit showing poricidal dehiscence; the seeds exit through pores beneath the "crown"
579:. After seed maturation, dehiscence takes place, and valves detach from the central
738:, split longitudinally along three to six slits while remaining closed at both ends
663:
575:, which, upon fertilization, grow to become a silique that contains the developing
78:, and rely on other mechanisms such as decay or predation to release the contents.
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dehiscence, and if the pollen is released from the inner side, this is
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953:—a type of fruit that breaks apart and may or may not be dehiscent.
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A similar process to dehiscence occurs in some flower buds (e.g.,
59:
36:
787:
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446:
Before/During images of anther dehiscence in the common Milk Pea
221:
capsules split as the fruit opens, and the septa remain intact.
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747:
203:
capsules split as the fruit opens, and the seeds are released.
915:
Various sporangia of myxomycetes that dehisce in varied ways
148:
that flings seeds or spores far from the parent plant. This
119:
Manipulation of dehiscence can improve crop yield since a
845:
do not generally have specialized dehiscence mechanisms.
536:
is dehiscence that occurs upon wetting, the fruit being
197:
Septicidal dehiscence. The septa between the locules of
1026:
New
Phytologist: International Journal of Plant Science
947:—a type of fruit that breaks apart but is not dehiscent
887:
814:
764:
399:
and runs the length of the anther, but in species with
93:), but this is rarely referred to as dehiscence unless
1077:
The
Cambridge illustrated glossary of botanical terms
991:
The
Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms
74:. Structures that do not open in this way are called
1020:
Huss, Jessica C.; Gierlinger, Notburga (June 2021).
857:Sporangium dehiscence through a horizontal slit in
353:of many organisms (flowering plants, ferns, fungi,
929:—separation of structures that leads to their loss
583:, thus freeing the seeds. This is also known as
841:around the sporangium, which ejects the spores.
867:Sporangium dehiscence in fungi and myxomycetes
552:, and those derived from multiple carpels are
540:. Dehiscent fruits that are derived from one
8:
290:Longitudinal dehiscence of a pair of anthers
532:is dehiscence that occurs upon drying, and
250:A complex form of dehiscence. The calyx of
278:Transverse dehiscence of a pair of anthers
1045:
314:Poricidal dehiscence of a pair of anthers
650:, with fruit that are dehiscent siliques
563:One example of a dehiscent fruit is the
302:Valvular dehiscence of a pair of anthers
963:
905:
847:
601:
595:(the outer walls of the ovary) and the
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470:Longitudinal latrorse anther dehiscence
436:
361:of various flowers are associated with
268:
215:Loculicidal dehiscence. The locules of
187:
1002:
1000:
1074:Hickey, Michael; King, Clive (2000).
180:Septicidal and loculicidal dehiscence
105:. The lost structures are said to be
7:
744:Sporangium dehiscence in bryophytes
25:
340:inoperculate poricidal dehiscence
1108:"Direction of anther dehiscence"
1010:. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
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717:fruit, circumscissile dehiscence
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1022:"Functional packaging of seeds"
326:operculate poricidal dehiscence
794:Sporangium dehiscence in ferns
629:: an indehiscent subterranean
115:Association with crop breeding
1:
993:. Cambridge University Press.
989:Hickey, M.; King, C. (2001).
567:. This fruit develops from a
332:) that is referred to as an
458:Poricidal anther dehiscence
1178:
587:and can be important as a
380:
233:Loculicidal dehiscence in
140:Explosive dehiscence is a
29:
369:Circumscissile dehiscence
972:"Image Gallery - page 2"
97:dehiscence is involved;
51:) revealing seeds within
935:—the opening of flowers
861:, a eusporangiate fern.
734:capsules, like in most
344:inoperculate dehiscence
1008:Anatomy of seed plants
835:leptosporangiate ferns
571:composed of two fused
52:
731:Spathoglottis plicata
330:operculate dehiscence
40:
1082:Cambridge University
976:rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk
320:Poricidal dehiscence
150:rapid plant movement
136:Explosive dehiscence
30:For other uses, see
1128:"Anther dehiscence"
843:Eusporangiate ferns
516:Eucalyptus globulus
167:Ecballium elaterium
45:fruit of milkweed (
1114:. 28 February 2018
1112:Flora of Australia
886:. You can help by
813:. You can help by
763:. You can help by
500:Corymbia ficifolia
53:
41:Dehiscence of the
1091:978-0-521-79401-5
1038:10.1111/nph.17299
904:
903:
831:
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377:Anther dehiscence
48:Asclepias syriaca
16:(Redirected from
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1162:Plant morphology
1157:Plant physiology
1152:Fruit morphology
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432:lignification
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1131:. Retrieved
1116:. Retrieved
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1067:Bibliography
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895:January 2010
892:
888:adding to it
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772:January 2010
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765:adding to it
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664:Rhododendron
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365:by insects.
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784:Endothecium
538:hygroscopic
476:Flower buds
355:slime molds
76:indehiscent
1146:Categories
958:References
951:Schizocarp
927:Abscission
859:Botrychium
822:April 2022
585:shattering
534:hygrochasy
483:Eucalyptus
131:Mechanisms
125:shattering
103:abscission
84:Platycodon
56:Dehiscence
43:follicular
32:Dehiscence
715:Anagallis
699:Anagallis
680:Iridaceae
569:gynoecium
546:follicles
530:Xerochasy
401:poricidal
351:sporangia
335:operculum
161:Impatiens
146:dispersal
142:ballistic
72:dehiscent
68:sporangia
1133:25 March
1118:25 March
1056:33629369
933:Anthesis
921:See also
837:have an
558:siliques
554:capsules
428:tensions
413:latrorse
409:introrse
405:extrorse
395:of each
173:Sphagnum
144:form of
108:caducous
99:anthesis
18:Introrse
1084:Press.
1047:8252473
939:Elaters
839:annulus
736:orchids
627:Peanuts
573:carpels
565:silique
550:legumes
420:stomium
393:locules
359:anthers
90:Fuchsia
64:anthers
1088:
1054:
1044:
945:Loment
684:locule
631:legume
597:replum
593:valves
581:septum
542:carpel
424:septum
383:Stamen
60:fruits
833:Many
633:fruit
612:Poppy
577:seeds
397:theca
262:Types
121:trait
1135:2024
1120:2024
1086:ISBN
1052:PMID
788:moss
544:are
418:The
66:and
1042:PMC
1034:doi
1030:230
890:.
817:.
767:.
556:or
548:or
346:).
342:or
328:or
1148::
1110:.
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1024:.
999:^
974:.
560:.
176:.
127:.
111:.
87:,
62:,
1137:.
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1058:.
1036::
978:.
897:)
893:(
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820:(
774:)
770:(
34:.
20:)
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