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1280:. Acknowledging that his force was not large enough to invade the island directly, Yeo decided instead to attack a series of outlying forts on the Mahury River in an effort to draw out the French defenders. On 6 January 1809, preparations were complete and Yeo launched an attack during the night, landing at Pointe Mahury at 03:00 on 7 January in five canoes despite heavy rains, which continued throughout the campaign. The surf was strong and all five canoes were wrecked on the beach, but there were no casualties. Yeo detached a Portuguese force under Major Joaquim Manuel Pinto against the DĂ©gras de Cannes battery while he advanced on Fort Diamant with a force of seamen and marines. Both positions were rapidly carried, the British suffering seven men wounded to French losses of six killed and four wounded. Four cannons were seized, as were 90 French soldiers. Both fortifications were then garrisoned with soldiers from the squadron.
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Rodrigo de Sousa
Coutinho, responsible for the Brazilian vegetable gardens, sent the governor of the captaincy of Grão-Pará to provide transportation, from Cayenne to Belém and to other domains, "of the greatest possible amount of all spice trees". Together with them, they should follow "skilled gardeners", as long as they are not "contaminated with liberal ideology". In the same month, a new order determined the transfer of plants from the Pará garden to Rio de Janeiro, remembering that the search for "all kinds of cultures" was the "most essential point for Brazil" at that time. It was the French administrator of La Gabriele, Joseph Martin, who signed the list of plants and instructions for planting, in total, 82 species shipped in six boxes.
224:
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sent against Fort
Diamant saw the British demolition party on the walls and, assuming the garrison there to be larger than expected, retreated without an assault. The following morning, as Hugues fell back on his residence, Yeo followed, using the river and canal to close with the position. Hugues had fortified his property with 100 men and two artillery pieces, and ordered his men to fire on a party of British sailors offering a truce. A second attempt was met with cannon fire, and although a third attempt via one of Hugues' slaves drew a response, the French general's overtures were only an attempt to stall the Allies while his men laid an ambush in the trees near their landing point.
1308:
forces, Yeo then marched on
Cayenne, expecting to meet Hugues at the Beauregard plain, where the French general had stationed his remaining 400 men. Reaching the position on 10 January, Yeo sent two junior officers into Cayenne offering an armistice, which was accepted, Hugues recognising that he was outnumbered and outmanoeuvred. Over the next four days, Yeo's men took the surrender of the outlying French garrisons and units, with the entrance to Cayenne planned for 14 January.
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1157:. It had suffered a series of defeats during the war that left it blockaded in its own harbours and unable to put to sea without attack from British squadrons waiting off the coast. Cut off from French trade and supplies, the Caribbean colonies began to suffer from food shortages and collapsing economies, and messages were sent to France in the summer of 1808 requesting urgent help.
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The possession of La
Gabriele would become one of the greatest benefits obtained by the Portuguese with the annexation of such a troubled colony. In addition to being one of the main sources of income for the colony, it brought together all the plant species coveted by the Portuguese. In April 1809,
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Entering
Cayenne on 14 January, Yeo's Anglo-Portuguese force took Hugues' 400 regular soldiers into captivity and collected the arms of 600 white militia and 200 black irregulars, all of whom were allowed to return to their homes. Included in the surrender were 200 cannon, all military and government
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There was, in the region of
Cayenne, a famous agricultural complex maintained by the French crown, formed by the Habitation Royale des Épiceries, better known as La Gabriele, by the Habitation de Mont-Baduel, by the Habitation Tilsit and by the Wood Factory of Nancibo, were the main ones examples of
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During the
Portuguese occupation, various spices and fruits were sent to Brazil, such as nutmeg, cloves, breadfruit, in addition to walnut, camboeira, avocado and cayenne seedlings, much superior to sugar cane. then grown in Brazil. This collection would be one of the precursors to the creation of
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mustered most of the 600 troops available to him and marched on the Allied positions. Consolidating his forces at DĂ©gras de Cannes, Yeo demolished Fort
Diamant and sent scouts down river, where two further forts were discovered at Trio and the Canal de Torcy. The latter fort had been constructed to
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At a signal from one of the artillery pieces, the French ambush party began a heavy fire on the troops advancing up the lane towards the house. Charging forward, Yeo led an attack on the ambushers at the head of his men and in hand-to-hand fighting seized the house and its artillery. Gathering his
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As Yeo secured his position from attack from the river, Hugues arrived at DĂ©gras de Cannes. Despite attacking
Lieutenant Colonel Marques' garrison immediately, Hugues was unable to defeat the Portuguese before Yeo returned, and was forced to retreat after a three-hour engagement. A secondary force
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Casualties in the operation were light, the
British losing a lieutenant killed and 23 men wounded, the Portuguese one man killed and eight wounded and the French 16 killed and 20 wounded. The French prisoners were embarked on the expeditionary force's ships and taken to Brazil, and the colony was
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Manuel Marques de Elva Portugal, 550 marines of the Royal Brigade of the Navy detached in Brazil and several warships to act as transports and provide offshore artillery support. The French defenders were weakened by years of Royal Navy blockade and could only muster 400 regular infantry and 800
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Some of these messages were intercepted by the patrolling Royal Navy. Based on the description in those messages of the low morale and weak defences of the Caribbean territories, the decision was taken to eliminate the threat from the French colonies for the remainder of the war by seizing and
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into the river to attack the forts, the Portuguese bombarding the positions for an hour while Yeo prepared assault forces. Yeo himself led the attack on the Trio fort while a Portuguese party attacked the fort on the canal. Both positions were captured and their 50 strong garrisons driven off.
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for service with the expeditionary force on land. If Lahalle closed with the ship, the senior officer, Midshipman George Yeo, the captain's much younger brother, would have no option but to surrender, leaving the landing party cut off and at risk of total defeat. Reacting quickly, George Yeo
1370:. Lahalle was under instructions to avoid combat if it placed his cargo in jeopardy and assumed that such a small vessel would not approach his frigate unless heavier support was hidden nearby, unwilling to risk losing his ship, he turned and sailed north, rapidly outdistancing
1231:
This force carried at least 550 regular Portuguese soldiers, supplemented by sailors and marines on board the ships, all under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Manuel Marques. Yeo, who was to retain overall command of the operation, joined the Portuguese force off
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was made to Hugues on 10 January, which he accepted the next day when he met with Lieutenant-colonel Marques. The terms of capitulation included, among other things, the departure, aboard ships arranged by the invaders, of the French troops and
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that could strike against British trade routes at will, forcing the Royal Navy to divert extensive resources to protect their convoys. However, the maintenance and support of these bases was a significant task for the
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and disappearing over the horizon in the belief that the British had already captured Cayenne. Nine days later, as he neared Guadeloupe, Lahalle was spotted by a genuinely larger British squadron and defeated at the
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1343:'s main cargo was 1,100 barrels of flour, Cayenne suffering from severe food shortages due to the British blockade of the French Caribbean. Lahalle was cautious on approaching Cayenne, and soon spotted
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unreliable militia, formed in part from the territory's free black population. As a result, resistance was inconsistent and despite Cayenne's strong fortifications, the territory fell within a week.
1148:, French colonial territories in the Caribbean were a drain on both the French and British navies. The fortified harbours on the islands and coastal towns provided shelter for French warships and
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mustered 20 local men, all free black civilians, and pressed them into service to complement his skeleton crew. He then sailed from the harbour in an aggressive manner, as if to confront
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1099:. In exchange for providing troops and transports for the operation, the Portuguese were promised Guiana as an expansion of their holdings in Brazil for the duration of the conflict.
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Yeo was highly commended for his leadership during the operation, but his health had suffered during the extended campaigning in late December and was invalided to
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1120:, who was to command the entire expedition. The more substantial Portuguese contingent consisted of 700 regular soldiers of the colonial Army of Brazil, led by
1531:, and that a date for return would be determined "as soon as circumstances allow it". On 8 November 1817, a French fleet arrived with Cayenne's new governor,
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and knighted by both the Portuguese and British Royal families for his service in the campaign. He was subsequently made commander of the frigate
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Article is far too British-centric; it barely even mentions anyone else's perspectives. More French, Portuguese, and Brazilian sources are needed.
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The invasion was part of a series of attacks on French-held territory in the Americas during 1809, and due to commitments elsewhere, the British
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was unable to send substantial forces to attack the fortified river port. Instead, appeals were made to the Portuguese government, which had
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With the capture of the Mahury forts, the French in Cayenne risked being cut off from external help and besieged. In response, Governor
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handed over to the Portuguese government for administration, with the stipulation that it be returned to France at the end of the war.
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LEIVAS, LuĂs Cláudio Pereira; GOYCOCHĂŠA, LuĂs Felipe de Castilhos. A Conquista de Caiena. In: HistĂłria Naval Brasileira. v.2. t..II.
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1276:. In 1809, its approaches were protected by a series of forts and gun batteries, while the town itself was dominated by a modern
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stores, and all of the various villages and trading posts of French Guiana, which stretched from the Brazilian border to the
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1491:. Four decades later the battle was among the actions recognised by the clasp "Confiance 14 Jany. 1809" attached to the
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aboard the same ships to other French individuals desiring to do so, and the preservation of the recently implemented
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defend the approaches to Hugues' residence, which was situated on the canal. Yeo immediately ordered the Portuguese
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1076:. The invasion was undertaken by a combined expeditionary force that included Portuguese (from Portugal and from
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To Yeo's consternation, dawn on 13 January showed a sail approaching from the north. This vessel was the French
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1507:'s first abdication, in 1814, it was decided that the colony would be returned to French control in the
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occupying them in a series of amphibious operations. Command of this campaign was given to Rear-Admiral
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to reinforce the Cayenne garrison in December 1808. In addition to extra troops and military supplies,
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FERREIRA, Fábio. A polĂtica externa joanina e a anexação de Caiena: 1809-1817. In: REVISTA TEMA LIVRE.
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to recover. On his return to active service, he was presented with a diamond ring by the Portuguese
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in preparation for the planned invasion. While the main British forces concentrated in the
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Smith had secured the assistance of a Portuguese squadron, consisting of two armed brigs,
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With the French reinforcements driven off and its defences broken, a proposal for
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colonial establishments in Guyana, in extent, productivity and number of slaves.
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in the colony by the new Portuguese administration. On 20 April 1809 the warship
1535:, to take formal repossession of the territory. The expedition was commanded by
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1809:
1185:. Supplementing this meagre force were reinforcements provided by Rear-Admiral
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in early December 1808. On 15 December he attacked the coastal districts of
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1539:, who then headed the French naval station in the colony for two years.
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1979:
Historic cities of the Americas: an illustrated encyclopedia, Volume 1
1244:, seizing both without resistance, in preparation for the advance on
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The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume V
1424:, which marked the border with the British-held Dutch territory of
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however had a highly effective crew and an experienced captain in
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The town of Cayenne is situated on an island in the mouth of the
27:
Anglo-Portuguese invasion and occupation of French Guiana in 1809
1181:, deployed to the northern coast of South America under Captain
149:
needs attention from an expert in Portugal, France or Brazil
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deal primarily with the United Kingdom and do not represent a
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The British contribution was small, consisting solely of the
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The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 5, 1808–1811
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1495:, awarded upon application to all British claimants.
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in 1808 following the French invasion that began the
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Following the Portuguese conquest of French Guiana,
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St Lucia • Tobago • Demerara • Essequibo and Berbice
1793:
1264:Map of the fortifications at Cayenne, made in 1760
278:Occupation of French Guiana by Portugal until 1817
1072:, launched in January 1809 in the context of the
229:Carte de la Guyane françoise et l'isle de Cayenne
1554:
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208:
1903:Esparteiro, Comandante AntĂłnio Marques (1976)
1331:having returned to Brazil some time earlier).
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450:
84:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1804:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1905:Catálogo Dos Navios Brigantinos (1640–1910)
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2073:Portugal–United Kingdom military relations
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1353:, as a 20-gun ship armed with short range
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190:Learn how and when to remove this message
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1907:. (Lisbon: Centro de Estudos de Marinha)
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1801:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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2058:19th-century history of the Royal Navy
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1537:Alexandre Ferdinand Parseval-Deschenes
1467:served as its only governor until 1817
167:may be able to help recruit an expert.
1451:the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden.
1165:, who focused his initial efforts on
7:
2053:Battles involving the United Kingdom
1637:Esparteio (1976), pp.41, 51, 52, 83.
1080:) and British military contingents.
1064:), was a military operation against
1050:Portuguese conquest of French Guiana
767:Third invasion of Portugal 1810–1811
695:First invasion of Portugal 1807–1808
1859:José Maria da Silva Paranhos Júnior
1757:Boiteux, Nylson Reis (1 May 2017).
1517:Final Act of the Congress of Vienna
2068:France–Portugal military relations
2023:1809 in the French colonial empire
25:
45:This article has multiple issues.
1763:Revista do Exército Brasileiro (
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729:Second invasion of Portugal 1809
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1911:Gardiner, Robert, ed. (2001) .
1847:. 26 January 1849. p. 242.
468:Caribbean campaign of 1803–1810
53:or discuss these issues on the
2038:Battles of the Napoleonic Wars
1465:JoĂŁo Severiano Maciel da Costa
1:
2033:19th century in French Guiana
2028:1809 in the Portuguese Empire
1867:(in Portuguese). p. 353.
1089:fled Portugal the year before
635:War of the Pyrenees 1793-1795
1825:UK public library membership
1515:reached an agreement in the
1471:
1216:(18 guns), an unarmed brig,
1493:Naval General Service Medal
1416:with Hugues and his staff.
1347:at anchor off the harbour.
1195:had been forced to relocate
1128:It is considered to be the
674:Mediterranean Campaign 1798
151:. The specific problem is:
98:, discuss the issue on the
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2043:Battles involving Portugal
18:Invasion of Cayenne (1809)
1937:. Conway Maritime Press.
1513:restored Bourbon monarchy
1377:action of 22 January 1809
1222:, and the unarmed cutter
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271:Anglo-Portuguese victory
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2048:Battles involving Brazil
2008:History of French Guiana
1959:. Constable Publishers.
1913:The Victory of Seapower
1759:"A conquista de Caiena"
1527:as defined by the 1713
688:War of the Oranges 1801
652:Sant Llorenç de la Muga
275:Capitulation of Cayenne
1889:. Chatham Publishing.
1864:Efemérides brasileiras
1810:10.1093/ref:odnb/30217
1795:"Yeo, Sir James Lucas"
1533:Claude Carra Saint-Cyr
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1337:Pierre-Nicolas Lahalle
1265:
1163:Sir Alexander Cochrane
1134:Brazilian Marine Corps
563:Roquebert's expedition
427:36 killed and wounded
352:Commanders and leaders
233:Jacques-Nicolas Bellin
2078:Invasions by Portugal
2018:1809 in South America
1883:Clowes, William Laird
1499:Return to French rule
1462:
1406:Napoleonic civil code
1263:
424:33 killed and wounded
419:Casualties and losses
157:WikiProject Portugal
104:create a new article
96:improve this article
2063:January 1809 events
1915:. Caxton Editions.
1511:. Portugal and the
1383:French capitulation
1062:Conquista de Caiena
1054:Conquest of Cayenne
707:Padrões de Teixeira
558:Troude's expedition
209:Invasion of Cayenne
1844:The London Gazette
1525:border with Brazil
1472:Yeo's later career
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1122:Lieutenant-colonel
875:Arroyo dos Molinos
523:Danish West Indies
165:WikiProject Brazil
161:WikiProject France
2013:Conflicts in 1809
1988:978-1-57607-027-7
1966:978-1-84119-183-6
1944:978-0-85177-909-6
1922:978-1-84067-359-3
1896:978-1-86176-014-2
1823:(Subscription or
1529:Treaty of Utrecht
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1329:Infante Dom Pedro
1248:, the capital of
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2015:
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1994:
1993:
1987:
1971:
1965:
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1931:James, William
1927:
1921:
1908:
1901:
1895:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1870:
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1781:
1779:Clowes, p. 287
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1765:Brazilian Army
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1398:honours of war
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1210:(24 guns) and
1199:Peninsular War
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1093:Peninsular War
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1037:Banda Oriental
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1027:Guerra de 1801
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88:worldwide view
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538:French Guiana
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533:Santo Domingo
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517:Jeune Richard
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386:Victor Hugues
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260:French Guiana
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147:This article
145:
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112:December 2010
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73:
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52:
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46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1995:
1981:. ABC-CLIO.
1978:
1956:
1934:
1912:
1904:
1886:
1863:
1853:
1842:
1833:
1813:. Retrieved
1799:
1784:
1775:
1762:
1736:
1715:
1666:
1633:
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1590:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1502:
1487:
1475:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1422:Maroni River
1418:
1409:
1389:capitulation
1386:
1371:
1367:
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1127:
1113:
1108:
1101:
1082:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1031:
955:Roncesvalles
788:Trant's raid
543:Pointe Noire
537:
528:Palo Hincado
516:
496:Diamond Rock
429:400 captured
289:Belligerents
270:
228:
214:Part of the
201:
186:
173:January 2021
170:
152:
148:
118:
109:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
1839:"No. 20939"
1488:Southampton
1437:La Gabriele
1155:French Navy
1144:During the
1091:during the
915:Tordesillas
905:Majadahonda
885:3rd Badajoz
860:2nd Badajoz
850:1st Badajoz
828:2nd Almeida
778:1st Almeida
657:Villelongue
501:San Domingo
409:1 schooner
2002:Categories
1876:References
1827:required.)
1363:midshipmen
1355:carronades
1167:Martinique
1150:privateers
1140:Background
1085:Royal Navy
1058:Portuguese
920:San Millan
813:Casal Novo
647:2nd Boulou
568:Guadeloupe
548:Martinique
405:1 frigate
50:improve it
1933:(2002) .
1885:(1997) .
1767:Magazine)
1455:Aftermath
1372:Confiance
1351:Confiance
1345:Confiance
1278:star fort
1179:Confiance
1114:Confiance
1109:Confiance
900:Salamanca
773:River CĂ´a
761:2nd Porto
746:1st Porto
411:2 cutters
374:James Yeo
163: or
100:talk page
56:talk page
1977:(2005).
1955:(2001).
1861:(1938).
1815:10 April
1792:(2004).
1505:Napoleon
1297:Vingança
1256:Invasion
1242:Appruage
1213:Vingança
1171:Barbados
1104:corvette
1021:Overseas
1009:Toulouse
984:Bidassoa
960:Sorauren
945:Pyrenees
935:Pamplona
870:El BodĂłn
808:Condeixa
751:Amarante
613:Portugal
407:2 brigs
398:Strength
303:Portugal
251:Location
94:You may
1523:as its
1426:Surinam
1414:Morlaix
1320:frigate
1290:cutters
1270:Cayenne
1246:Cayenne
1132:of the
1066:Cayenne
1014:Bayonne
989:Nivelle
965:Lizasso
925:Vitoria
890:Almaraz
855:Barrosa
823:Sabugal
803:Redinha
783:Bussaco
722:Vimeiro
667:Bascara
662:Capmany
615:in the
491:Surinam
256:Cayenne
1985:
1963:
1941:
1919:
1893:
1821:
1503:After
1368:Topaze
1359:Topaze
1341:Topaze
1333:Topaze
1324:Topaze
1313:Topaze
1238:Oyapok
1207:Voador
1191:Brazil
1097:colony
1032:Guiana
1004:Orthez
999:Garris
972:Buenza
930:Tolosa
910:Burgos
865:Usagre
798:Pombal
736:Chaves
717:Roliça
642:Toulon
511:Samaná
506:Havana
403:3,250
388:
345:France
342:
327:
267:Result
1543:Notes
1396:with
1394:staff
1234:Belém
756:GrijĂł
741:Braga
712:Évora
702:OlhĂŁo
681:Malta
414:1,250
102:, or
1983:ISBN
1961:ISBN
1939:ISBN
1917:ISBN
1891:ISBN
1817:2009
1486:HMS
1295:and
1293:LeĂŁo
1272:and
1240:and
1225:LeĂŁo
1107:HMS
1048:The
994:Nive
950:Maya
619:and
243:Date
1806:doi
2004::
1841:.
1798:.
1761:.
1745:^
1724:^
1699:^
1687:^
1675:^
1654:^
1642:^
1617:^
1551:^
1428:.
1379:.
1252:.
1228:.
1201:.
1112:.
1060::
258:,
231:,
159:,
59:.
1991:.
1969:.
1947:.
1925:.
1899:.
1819:.
1808::
1056:(
604:e
597:t
590:v
458:e
451:t
444:v
193:)
187:(
175:)
171:(
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
92:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
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