250:
510:
60:
44:
600:, free of microorganisms, to be added to wine as a sweetening component. When wine ferments, glucose is fermented at a faster rate than fructose. Thus, arresting fermentation after a significant portion of the sugars have fermented results in a wine where the residual sugar consists mainly of fructose, while the use of sweet reserve will result in a wine where the sweetness comes from a mixture of glucose and fructose.
789:. When such light is shone through a solution of pure sucrose it comes out the other side with a different angle than when it entered, which is proportional to both the concentration of the sugar and the length of the path of light through the solution; its angle is therefore said to be 'rotated' and how many degrees the angle has changed (the degree of its rotation or its 'optical rotation') is given a letter name,
4209:
4199:
630:
707:
1441:
1656:
2615:
when r = 0.85 shows that the optical rotation of the solution after hydrolysis is done is −12.7° this reaction is said to invert the sugar because its final optical rotation is less than zero. A polarimeter can be used to figure out when the inversion is done by detecting whether the optical rotation
555:
with chocolate. The very viscous (and thus formable) filling then becomes less viscous with time, giving the creamy consistency desired. This results from the sub-optimal enzymes conditions purposely created by withholding activation factors, which allows only a fraction of the enzymes to be active,
415:
catalyzed solutions may be inverted at the relatively low temperature of 50 °C (122 °F). The optimum pH for acid-catalyzed inversion is 2.15. As the inversion temperature is increased, the inversion time decreases. They are then given a pH neutralization when the desired level of inversion
890:
passes zero and becomes a negative optical rotation, meaning that the rotation between the angle the light has when it enters and when it exits is in the counter clockwise direction, it is said that the optical rotation has 'inverted' its direction. This leads to the definition of an 'inversion
2404:
2822:
Commercially, invert sugar is prepared as a syrup of about 70% soluble solids concentration. Invert sugar can be produced by holding a 65% sucrose solution containing 0.25% hydrochloric acid at 50°C (122°F) for one hour. Sodium bicarbonate should then be added to neutralize the
1190:
970:
When any one form of a sugar is purified and put in water, it rapidly takes other forms of the same sugar. This means that a solution of a pure sugar normally has all of its stereoisomers present in the solution in different amounts which usually do not change much. This has an
2916:
The best cream of tarter baking powder on the market contains about 28 per cent of bicarbonate of soda. To neutralize this quantity ... 62.6 per cent of cream of tartar is required. This quantity will leave in the food 70 per cent of anhydrous
Rochelle
1063:= 0°. Chemicals that, like water, have specific rotations that equal zero degrees are called 'optically inactive' chemicals and like water, they do not need to be considered when calculating optical rotation, outside of the concentration and path length.
1523:
376:
is added at a rate of about 0.15% of the syrup's weight, and inversion time will be about 8 hours. When completed the syrup temperature is raised to inactivate the invertase, but the syrup is concentrated in a vacuum evaporator to preserve color.
1857:
do not need to be known to make use of this equation as the inversion point (per cent amount of sucrose that must be hydrolyzed before the solution is inverted) can be calculated from the specific rotation angles of the pure sugars. The reaction
2688:
In addition to increased moisture retention ability, converting sucrose to invert syrup has two other interesting results: increased sweetness and better solubility. On a sweetness scale where sucrose is set at 100, invert syrup ranks about
427:
is commonly used as the acidulant, with typical amounts in the range of 0.15–0.25% of the sugar's weight. The use of cream of tartar imparts a honey-like flavor to the syrup. After the inversion is completed, it may be neutralized with
2562:
2158:
408:, which is about five percent citric acid by weight, is used instead then the ratio becomes 50:1. Such a mixture, heated to 114 °C (237 °F) and added to another food, prevents crystallization without tasting sour.
1772:
995:
values) of the different forms of the sugar and leads to the pure sugar solution having its own 'total' optical rotation, which is called its 'specific rotation' or 'observed specific rotation' and which is written as
765:
Once a sucrose solution has had some of its sucrose turned into glucose and fructose the solution is no longer said to be pure. The gradual decrease in purity of a sucrose solution as it is hydrolyzed affects a
869:
sucrose its angle is rotated 66.5° (clockwise or to the right). As the sucrose is heated up and hydrolyzed the amount of glucose and fructose in the mixture increases and the optical rotation decreases. After
607:, similar to invert sugar, is used in the brewing of Belgian-style beers to boost alcohol content without drastically increasing the body of the beer; it is frequently found in the styles of beer known as
1037:, therefore they do not have any effect on the measurement of optical rotation. When plane polarized light enters a body of pure water its angle is no different from when it exits. Thus, for water,
1436:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \alpha ={\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{N}C_{i}_{i}}{\sum _{i=1}^{N}C_{i}}}=\sum _{i=1}^{N}\left({\frac {C_{i}}{\sum _{i=1}^{N}C_{i}}}\right)_{i}=\sum _{i=1}^{N}\chi _{i}_{i}}
2066:
1665:
If a sucrose solution has been partly hydrolyzed, then it contains sucrose, glucose and fructose and its optical rotation angle depends on the relative amounts of each for the solution;
833:
angle such as 64°. When the rotation between the angle the light has when it enters and when it exits is in the counterclockwise direction, the light is said to be 'rotated left' and
1154:
is a number used to identify the chemical species); and if each species has a specific rotation (the optical rotation of that chemical were it made as a pure solution) written as
209:
2104:
1506:
2451:
2153:
1468:
809:(alpha). When the rotation between the angle the light has when it enters and when it exits is in the clockwise direction, the light is said to be 'rotated right' and
2613:
2426:
2019:
1946:
993:
929:
909:
888:
851:
827:
807:
2585:
1668:
1887:
1855:
1520:) a completely hydrolyzed sucrose solution no longer has any sucrose and is a half-and-half mixture of glucose and fructose. This solution has the optical rotation
1132:
951:. The existence of these forms is what gives rise to these chemicals' optical properties. When plane polarized light passes through a pure solution of one of these
1185:
1651:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \alpha ={\frac {1}{2}}_{\text{glucose}}+{\frac {1}{2}}_{\text{fructose}}={\frac {1}{2}}(52.7^{\circ }-92.0^{\circ })=-19.7^{\circ }}
1071:
The overall optical rotation of a mixture of chemicals can be calculated if the proportion of the amount of each chemical in the solution is known. If there are
2446:
2124:
1986:
1966:
1910:
1832:
1812:
1792:
1152:
1089:
1061:
1020:
3950:
3873:
2428:
equals zero degrees at the 'inversion point'; to find the inversion point, therefore, alpha is set equal to zero and the equation is manipulated to find
3820:
785:
can be shone through a sucrose solution as it is heated up for hydrolysis. Such light has an 'angle' that can be measured using a tool called a
547:
filling for chocolates is unique in that the conversion enzyme is added, but not activated by acidification (microenvironment pH adjustment) or
2990:
1862:(the fact that hydrolyzing one sucrose molecule makes one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule) shows that when a solution begins with
647:
535:
contains invert sugar formed by the heating process and the acid content of the fruit. This sugar preserves the jam for long periods of time.
3773:
529:
which is mostly a mixture of glucose and fructose, being similar to invert syrup therefore, can remain a liquid for longer periods of time.
2399:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \alpha _{r}={\frac {(x_{0}-x)_{s}+x_{g}+x_{f}}{x_{0}+x}}={\frac {1}{1+r}}\left(_{s}+(_{g}+_{f}-_{s})r\right)}
487:
allows for faster dissolving of the sucrose, which only has to be mixed a few times periodically to form a homogeneous solution. Also, a
3845:
2595:
Holding a sucrose solution at temperatures of 50–60 °C (122–140 °F) hydrolyzes no more than about 85% of its sucrose. Finding
774:
that can be used to figure out how much of the sucrose has been hydrolyzed and therefore whether the solution has been inverted or not.
2649:
1025:
In the circumstance of 20 °C, the specific optical rotation of sucrose is known to be 66.6°, glucose is 52.2°, and fructose is −92.4°.
3768:
2967:
2718:
2022:
603:
Alcoholic beverage manufacturers often add invert sugar in the production of drinks like gin, beer and sparkling wines for flavoring.
2667:
343:, and foods that contain invert sugar retain moisture better and crystallize less easily than do those that use table sugar instead.
4059:
3788:
3741:
2877:
669:
3136:
2940:
2808:
2748:
651:
3715:
480:. Cold water can hold more dissolved oxygen than warm water, but granulated sugar does not dissolve easily in cold water.
3619:
3082:
4233:
3649:
168:
3883:
3803:
3798:
3783:
2028:
3945:
3925:
3905:
3511:
285:
237:
4212:
4238:
3825:
3793:
3371:
2625:
4248:
4106:
3920:
3778:
3376:
640:
548:
4180:
3960:
2069:
116:
396:, often without changing the flavor noticeably. Common sugar can be inverted quickly by mixing sugar and
4243:
3970:
3910:
2075:
1034:
3416:
3022:"An Optical Chiral Sensor Based on Weak Measurement for the Real-Time Monitoring of Sucrose Hydrolysis"
1477:
911:
equals zero. Any solution which has passed the inversion point (and therefore has a negative value of
509:
3471:
3274:
3033:
782:
687:
477:
3105:
372:-catalyzed solutions are inverted at 60 °C (140 °F). The optimum pH for inversion is 5.0.
249:
3878:
3763:
3720:
3129:
2129:
1096:
593:
473:
453:
Syrup is used to feed microbiological life, which requires oxygen found in the water. For example,
86:
2998:
4138:
3965:
3855:
3521:
940:
578:
429:
1446:
4069:
3935:
3850:
3324:
3061:
2936:
2901:
2873:
2867:
2840:
2804:
2798:
2744:
2738:
2714:
967:) are different in each form of the sugar, each form rotates the light to a different degree.
767:
698:
559:
514:
488:
412:
381:
2930:
2598:
2411:
1991:
1918:
978:
914:
894:
873:
836:
812:
792:
4133:
3975:
3897:
3531:
3329:
3051:
3041:
2706:
2653:
2567:
1092:
771:
325:
314:
2963:
2847:. Vol. 25, no. 10. Philadelphia: H.C. Baird & Company. 1904. pp. 171–172
1865:
1840:
1110:
177:
4116:
4038:
3746:
3725:
3639:
2675:
1157:
960:
565:
532:
424:
401:
389:
96:
959:
within the molecule of that form of that sugar. Because those particular bonds (which in
3037:
4253:
4202:
4126:
4121:
4079:
4043:
3838:
3813:
3705:
3695:
3663:
3526:
3496:
3431:
3314:
3228:
3169:
3155:
3122:
3056:
3021:
2630:
2557:{\displaystyle \displaystyle r_{\text{inversion}}={\frac {_{s}}{_{s}-_{g}-_{f}}}=0.629}
2431:
2109:
1971:
1951:
1895:
1817:
1797:
1777:
1137:
1074:
300:
231:
1040:
999:
59:
43:
4227:
4169:
3833:
3634:
3629:
3476:
3361:
3339:
3334:
3264:
1859:
1517:
1471:
956:
948:
691:
585:
544:
157:
1988:
moles of fructose. The total number of moles of sugars in the solution is therefore
4028:
4016:
3940:
3915:
3808:
3756:
3614:
3551:
3546:
3366:
3344:
3196:
2761:
972:
562:
are filled with inverted sugar syrup produced by processing fondant with invertase.
538:
484:
447:
420:
380:
Though inverted sugar syrup can be made by heating table sugar in water alone, the
318:
220:
215:
2710:
1516:
Assuming no extra chemical products are formed by accident (that is, there are no
4174:
4094:
4084:
4001:
3991:
3930:
3751:
3688:
3593:
3578:
3541:
3481:
3461:
3447:
3421:
3396:
3349:
3319:
3279:
3259:
3254:
3223:
2803:(24th ed.). London: Blackie Academic & Professional. pp. 407–408.
2776:
1912:
1889:
1100:
955:
of one of the sugars it is thought to hit and 'glance off' certain asymmetrical
786:
629:
604:
405:
397:
385:
340:
1767:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \alpha =\chi _{s}_{s}+\chi _{g}_{g}+\chi _{f}_{f}}
4089:
4074:
4011:
3700:
3683:
3644:
3566:
3561:
3411:
3356:
3289:
3284:
3269:
3244:
3090:
2072:
of (explicitly depends on) this per cent reaction progress. When the quantity
706:
683:
504:
352:
311:
193:
127:
2616:
of the solution at an earlier time in its hydrolysis reaction equals −12.7°.
1107:
of liquid solution) of each chemical in the solution is known and written as
4148:
4143:
4033:
4021:
3996:
3955:
3583:
3506:
3501:
3453:
3391:
3249:
3216:
3179:
2906:. Vol. 1. New York: The American Baking Powder Association. p. 154
944:
556:
or allows all enzymes to proceed at only a fraction of the biological rate .
463:
393:
373:
336:
17:
3065:
3114:
4006:
3588:
3466:
3406:
3174:
454:
307:
328:
is opposite to that of the original sugar, which is why it is called an
27:
Edible mixture of glucose and fructose, obtained from sucrose hydrolysis
4153:
4064:
3710:
3678:
3609:
3536:
3486:
3426:
3401:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3184:
3020:
Li, D.; Weng, C.; Ruan, Y.; Li, K.; Cai, G.; Song, C.; Lin, Q. (2021).
891:
point' as the per cent amount sucrose that has to be hydrolyzed before
654: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
552:
518:
492:
321:
303:
296:
144:
3046:
4111:
4099:
3571:
3516:
3189:
3109:
2701:
Schiweck, Hubert; Clarke, Margaret; Pollack, Günter (2007). "Sugar".
964:
612:
608:
369:
107:
230:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
2564:
Thus it is found that a sucrose solution is inverted once at least
541:
is a syrup of about 55% invert syrup and 45% table sugar (sucrose).
3556:
3491:
3381:
3306:
3145:
2068:. It can be shown that the solution's optical rotation angle is a
1104:
943:('chemical structures') of sucrose, glucose, and fructose are all
526:
508:
469:
441:
344:
293:
248:
450:, so invert sugar solutions of any composition can be fermented.
597:
589:
446:
All constituent sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) support
3118:
3624:
2587:
of the sucrose has been hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose.
623:
458:
705:
701:
for the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose is:
521:
filling, which uses inverted sugar syrup as a key ingredient
58:
42:
2740:
2668:"Making simple syrup is an exercise in chemical reactions"
1915:
of sucrose are then hydrolyzed the resulting solution has
865:
When plane polarized light enters and exits a solution of
404:
at a ratio of about 1000:1 by weight and adding water. If
947:
the three sugars come in several different forms, called
551:
addition depending on the enzymes, before the filling is
495:
may be used to rotate the sugar, in turns, if necessary.
2872:(7th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 110.
2797:
Ranken, Michael D.; Kill, R.C.; Baker, C., eds. (1997).
2025:(per cent completion of the hydrolysis reaction) equals
432:
using a weight of 45% of the cream of tartar's weight.
2869:
Fox and
Cameron's Food Science, Nutrition & Health
682:
Table sugar (sucrose) is converted to invert sugar by
2601:
2570:
2455:
2454:
2434:
2414:
2162:
2161:
2132:
2112:
2078:
2031:
1994:
1974:
1954:
1921:
1898:
1868:
1843:
1820:
1800:
1780:
1672:
1671:
1527:
1526:
1480:
1449:
1194:
1193:
1160:
1140:
1113:
1077:
1043:
1002:
981:
917:
897:
876:
839:
815:
795:
694:
that links together the two simple-sugar components.
2743:(3rd ed.). Aspen Publishers, Inc. p. 246.
457:
is produced by fermenting inverted sugar syrup with
4162:
4052:
3984:
3896:
3866:
3734:
3671:
3662:
3602:
3440:
3305:
3298:
3237:
3162:
1187:, then the mixture has the overall optical rotation
2607:
2579:
2556:
2440:
2420:
2398:
2147:
2118:
2098:
2060:
2013:
1980:
1960:
1940:
1904:
1881:
1849:
1826:
1806:
1786:
1766:
1650:
1500:
1462:
1435:
1179:
1146:
1126:
1083:
1055:
1014:
987:
923:
903:
882:
845:
821:
801:
2935:. New York: Marcel Dekker. p. 71, table 24.
568:also contain inverted sugar to add sweet flavor.
156:
963:like sucrose, glucose, and fructose include an
95:
2929:Maga, Joseph A.; Tu, Anthony T., eds. (1995).
2703:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2061:{\displaystyle {\frac {x}{x_{0}}}\times 100\%}
3130:
1091:-many optically active different chemicals ('
8:
2835:
2833:
2831:
3951:Slavery in the British and French Caribbean
1892:of sucrose and no glucose nor fructose and
3668:
3302:
3137:
3123:
3115:
1834:stand for sucrose, glucose, and fructose.
31:
3055:
3045:
2732:
2730:
2600:
2569:
2538:
2519:
2500:
2482:
2469:
2460:
2453:
2433:
2413:
2378:
2359:
2340:
2318:
2285:
2267:
2255:
2233:
2211:
2186:
2176:
2167:
2160:
2131:
2111:
2088:
2079:
2077:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2005:
1993:
1973:
1953:
1926:
1920:
1897:
1873:
1867:
1842:
1819:
1799:
1779:
1757:
1741:
1728:
1712:
1699:
1683:
1670:
1641:
1622:
1609:
1592:
1583:
1563:
1554:
1534:
1525:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1454:
1448:
1426:
1410:
1400:
1389:
1376:
1353:
1343:
1332:
1321:
1315:
1305:
1294:
1278:
1268:
1257:
1245:
1229:
1219:
1208:
1201:
1192:
1171:
1159:
1139:
1118:
1112:
1076:
1042:
1001:
980:
916:
896:
875:
838:
814:
794:
670:Learn how and when to remove this message
176:
592:term referring to a portion of selected
2652:. The Sugar Association. Archived from
2641:
975:on all of the optical rotation angles (
2970:from the original on December 16, 2014
483:Water in a container with wide bottom
253:Dense inverted sugar syrup (Trimoline)
577:Inverted sugar syrup is the basis in
115:
7:
2155:done, the optical rotation angle is
690:of table sugar and water breaks the
652:adding citations to reliable sources
219:
147:
2574:
2142:
2099:{\displaystyle {\frac {x}{x_{0}}}}
2055:
1492:
1489:
25:
4060:Australian Aboriginal sweet foods
3156:List of sugars and sugar products
2900:Morrison, Abraham Cressy (1904).
1501:{\displaystyle i\mathrm {^{th}} }
861:Definition of the inversion point
4208:
4207:
4198:
4197:
628:
935:Chirality and specific rotation
639:needs additional citations for
234:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
2650:"What are the types of sugar?"
2535:
2528:
2516:
2509:
2497:
2490:
2479:
2472:
2384:
2375:
2368:
2356:
2349:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2315:
2308:
2252:
2245:
2230:
2223:
2208:
2201:
2198:
2179:
1754:
1747:
1725:
1718:
1696:
1689:
1628:
1602:
1580:
1573:
1551:
1544:
1423:
1416:
1373:
1366:
1242:
1235:
1168:
1161:
1050:
1044:
1009:
1003:
1:
2903:The Baking Powder Controversy
2711:10.1002/14356007.a25_345.pub2
2148:{\displaystyle r\times 100\%}
466:culture of bacteria and yeast
442:Syrup § For fermentation
351:, may use it more than other
3026:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
2737:W. Minifie, Bernard (1989).
2591:Monitoring reaction progress
1033:Water molecules do not have
931:) is said to be 'inverted'.
2866:Lean, Michael E.J. (2006).
499:In other foods and products
198:360.312 g/mol
38:
4270:
3946:Reciprocity Treaty of 1875
3926:Demerara rebellion of 1823
3906:1811 German Coast uprising
3512:Non-centrifugal cane sugar
2914:– via Google Books.
2820:– via Google Books.
778:Definition and measurement
699:balanced chemical equation
502:
439:
4193:
3153:
2952:– via Google Books.
2889:– via Google Books.
2855:– via Google Books.
2672:A Word from Carol Kroskey
1837:The particular values of
1661:Partly hydrolyzed sucrose
1463:{\displaystyle \chi _{i}}
1095:') in a solution and the
517:, one opened to show the
384:can be sped up by adding
228:
202:
187:
79:
37:
3372:High-fructose corn syrup
3087:Greenwood Health Systems
2932:Food Additive Toxicology
2626:High-fructose corn syrup
1512:Fully hydrolyzed sucrose
3921:Colonial molasses trade
3377:High-maltose corn syrup
2705:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
2608:{\displaystyle \alpha }
2421:{\displaystyle \alpha }
2014:{\displaystyle x+x_{0}}
1941:{\displaystyle x_{0}-x}
988:{\displaystyle \alpha }
941:shapes of the molecules
924:{\displaystyle \alpha }
904:{\displaystyle \alpha }
883:{\displaystyle \alpha }
846:{\displaystyle \alpha }
822:{\displaystyle \alpha }
802:{\displaystyle \alpha }
770:of the solution called
686:. Heating a mixture or
4181:Pure, White and Deadly
3961:Sugar Duties Acts 1846
3867:By region (historical)
2800:Food Industries Manual
2609:
2581:
2580:{\displaystyle 62.9\%}
2558:
2442:
2422:
2400:
2149:
2120:
2100:
2062:
2015:
1982:
1962:
1942:
1906:
1883:
1851:
1828:
1808:
1788:
1768:
1652:
1502:
1464:
1437:
1405:
1348:
1310:
1273:
1224:
1181:
1148:
1128:
1085:
1057:
1016:
989:
925:
905:
884:
847:
823:
803:
710:
522:
411:Commercially prepared
368:Commercially prepared
254:
63:
47:
3971:Taiwan Sugar Railways
3911:Amelioration Act 1798
2777:"Invert sugar recipe"
2610:
2582:
2559:
2443:
2423:
2401:
2150:
2121:
2101:
2063:
2016:
1983:
1968:moles of glucose and
1963:
1943:
1907:
1884:
1882:{\displaystyle x_{0}}
1852:
1850:{\displaystyle \chi }
1829:
1809:
1789:
1769:
1653:
1503:
1465:
1438:
1385:
1328:
1290:
1253:
1204:
1182:
1149:
1129:
1127:{\displaystyle C_{i}}
1103:of each chemical per
1086:
1058:
1017:
990:
926:
906:
885:
848:
824:
804:
783:Plane polarized light
709:
512:
419:In confectionery and
252:
70:-fructofuranose form)
62:
46:
3650:Unrefined sweeteners
3472:Crystalline fructose
3387:Inverted sugar syrup
2991:"What is Invertase?"
2599:
2568:
2452:
2432:
2412:
2159:
2130:
2126:and the reaction is
2110:
2076:
2029:
1992:
1972:
1952:
1919:
1896:
1866:
1841:
1818:
1798:
1778:
1669:
1524:
1478:
1447:
1191:
1180:{\displaystyle _{i}}
1158:
1138:
1111:
1075:
1041:
1000:
979:
915:
895:
874:
857:angle such as −39°.
837:
813:
793:
648:improve this article
478:ethanol fermentation
258:Inverted sugar syrup
54:-glucopyranose form)
4234:Brewing ingredients
3735:By region (current)
3635:Sugar confectionery
3038:2021Senso..21.1003L
1097:molar concentration
1067:Mixtures in general
829:is given to have a
579:sweetened beverages
573:Sweetened beverages
474:yeast in winemaking
34:
4139:Sweetened beverage
3966:Sugar Intervention
3874:Danish West Indies
3856:U.S. Sugar Program
3615:Cotton candy floss
3522:Plantation Reserve
3417:Steen's cane syrup
2989:LaBau, Elizabeth.
2605:
2577:
2554:
2553:
2438:
2418:
2396:
2395:
2145:
2116:
2096:
2058:
2011:
1978:
1958:
1948:moles of sucrose,
1938:
1902:
1879:
1847:
1824:
1804:
1784:
1764:
1763:
1648:
1647:
1498:
1460:
1433:
1432:
1177:
1144:
1124:
1081:
1053:
1012:
985:
973:'averaging' effect
921:
901:
880:
843:
819:
799:
711:
560:Cadbury Creme Eggs
523:
515:Cadbury Creme Eggs
310:, that is made by
255:
238:Infobox references
64:
48:
32:
4221:
4220:
4070:Blood sugar level
3936:Leith Sugar House
3892:
3891:
3851:Sugar Association
3658:
3657:
3620:Maple sugar foods
3325:Barley malt syrup
3148:as food commodity
3047:10.3390/s21031003
2775:Van Damme, Eddy.
2656:on March 1, 2009.
2545:
2463:
2441:{\displaystyle r}
2301:
2280:
2119:{\displaystyle r}
2094:
2047:
2023:reaction progress
1981:{\displaystyle x}
1961:{\displaystyle x}
1905:{\displaystyle x}
1827:{\displaystyle f}
1807:{\displaystyle g}
1787:{\displaystyle s}
1600:
1586:
1571:
1557:
1542:
1360:
1285:
1147:{\displaystyle i}
1084:{\displaystyle N}
768:chemical property
680:
679:
672:
413:hydrochloric-acid
324:. This mixture's
290:sucrose inversion
246:Chemical compound
244:
243:
75:
74:
16:(Redirected from
4261:
4211:
4210:
4201:
4200:
4134:Sugar substitute
3976:Triangular trade
3669:
3330:Brown rice syrup
3303:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3116:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3089:. Archived from
3070:
3069:
3059:
3049:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3001:on April 6, 2015
2997:. Archived from
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2841:"The Sugar Beet"
2837:
2826:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2678:on July 14, 2007
2674:. Archived from
2664:
2658:
2657:
2646:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2524:
2523:
2505:
2504:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2382:
2364:
2363:
2345:
2344:
2323:
2322:
2302:
2300:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2272:
2271:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2238:
2237:
2216:
2215:
2191:
2190:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2080:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2033:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2009:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1746:
1745:
1733:
1732:
1717:
1716:
1704:
1703:
1688:
1687:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1627:
1626:
1614:
1613:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1572:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1543:
1535:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1399:
1381:
1380:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1347:
1342:
1326:
1325:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1272:
1267:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1234:
1233:
1223:
1218:
1202:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1093:chemical species
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1056:{\displaystyle }
1054:
1029:Effects of water
1021:
1019:
1018:
1015:{\displaystyle }
1013:
994:
992:
991:
986:
930:
928:
927:
922:
910:
908:
907:
902:
889:
887:
886:
881:
852:
850:
849:
844:
828:
826:
825:
820:
808:
806:
805:
800:
772:optical rotation
761:Optical rotation
675:
668:
664:
661:
655:
632:
624:
436:For fermentation
326:optical rotation
315:saccharification
223:
180:
160:
149:
119:
99:
69:
53:
39:
35:
21:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4239:Monosaccharides
4224:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4189:
4158:
4117:Sugar addiction
4048:
4039:Sugar sculpture
3980:
3888:
3862:
3839:Tate & Lyle
3830:United Kingdom
3747:Bundaberg Sugar
3730:
3726:Sugar marketing
3654:
3640:Sugarcane juice
3598:
3436:
3294:
3233:
3158:
3149:
3143:
3096:
3094:
3093:on May 29, 2017
3081:
3078:
3073:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2909:
2907:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2829:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2736:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2681:
2679:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2622:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2566:
2565:
2534:
2515:
2496:
2489:
2478:
2471:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2430:
2429:
2410:
2409:
2408:By definition,
2374:
2355:
2336:
2314:
2307:
2303:
2290:
2263:
2262:
2251:
2229:
2207:
2182:
2178:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2128:
2127:
2108:
2107:
2084:
2074:
2073:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2001:
1990:
1989:
1970:
1969:
1950:
1949:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1894:
1893:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1839:
1838:
1816:
1815:
1796:
1795:
1776:
1775:
1753:
1737:
1724:
1708:
1695:
1679:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1637:
1618:
1605:
1579:
1550:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1422:
1406:
1372:
1349:
1327:
1317:
1311:
1274:
1252:
1241:
1225:
1203:
1189:
1188:
1167:
1156:
1155:
1136:
1135:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1099:(the number of
1073:
1072:
1069:
1039:
1038:
1031:
998:
997:
977:
976:
937:
913:
912:
893:
892:
872:
871:
863:
835:
834:
811:
810:
791:
790:
780:
763:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
676:
665:
659:
656:
645:
633:
622:
575:
566:Sour Patch Kids
507:
501:
444:
438:
425:cream of tartar
402:cream of tartar
390:cream of tartar
366:
361:
301:monosaccharides
247:
240:
235:
212:
183:
163:
150:
138:
122:
102:
89:
71:
67:
55:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4267:
4265:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4249:Types of sugar
4246:
4241:
4236:
4226:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4205:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4172:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4127:Residual sugar
4122:Sugars in wine
4119:
4114:
4109:
4107:Health effects
4104:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4082:
4080:Flavored syrup
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4044:Treacle mining
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3814:Tongaat Hulett
3811:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3706:Sugarcane mill
3703:
3698:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3497:Molasses sugar
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3315:List of syrups
3311:
3309:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3229:Reducing sugar
3226:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3170:Monosaccharide
3166:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3103:
3077:
3076:External links
3074:
3072:
3071:
3012:
2981:
2955:
2941:
2921:
2892:
2878:
2858:
2845:The Sugar Beet
2827:
2809:
2789:
2767:
2749:
2726:
2720:978-3527306732
2719:
2693:
2659:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2631:List of syrups
2628:
2621:
2618:
2604:
2592:
2589:
2576:
2573:
2552:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2459:
2437:
2417:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2115:
2106:is written as
2091:
2087:
2083:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1977:
1957:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1901:
1876:
1872:
1846:
1823:
1803:
1783:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1662:
1659:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1518:side reactions
1513:
1510:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1457:
1453:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1143:
1121:
1117:
1080:
1068:
1065:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1030:
1027:
1011:
1008:
1005:
984:
957:chemical bonds
936:
933:
920:
900:
879:
862:
859:
842:
818:
798:
779:
776:
762:
759:
758:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:
678:
677:
636:
634:
627:
621:
618:
617:
616:
601:
574:
571:
570:
569:
563:
557:
542:
536:
530:
500:
497:
440:Main article:
437:
434:
365:
362:
360:
357:
347:, who call it
260:, also called
245:
242:
241:
236:
232:standard state
229:
226:
225:
213:
208:
205:
204:
200:
199:
196:
190:
189:
185:
184:
182:
181:
173:
171:
165:
164:
162:
161:
153:
151:
143:
140:
139:
137:
136:
132:
130:
124:
123:
121:
120:
112:
110:
104:
103:
101:
100:
92:
90:
85:
82:
81:
77:
76:
73:
72:
65:
56:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4266:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4214:
4206:
4204:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4170:Robert Lustig
4168:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3846:United States
3844:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:British Sugar
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3630:Sugar alcohol
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3362:Glucose syrup
3360:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3340:Maesil-cheong
3338:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3013:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2985:
2982:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2944:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2905:
2904:
2896:
2893:
2881:
2879:9780340809488
2875:
2871:
2870:
2862:
2859:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2812:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2793:
2790:
2782:September 27,
2778:
2771:
2768:
2763:
2752:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2602:
2590:
2588:
2571:
2550:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2525:
2520:
2512:
2506:
2501:
2493:
2483:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2435:
2415:
2406:
2391:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2365:
2360:
2352:
2346:
2341:
2333:
2324:
2319:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2204:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2113:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2052:
2049:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1975:
1955:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1914:
1899:
1891:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1860:stoichiometry
1844:
1835:
1821:
1801:
1781:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1660:
1658:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1576:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1547:
1539:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1519:
1511:
1509:
1486:
1481:
1473:
1472:mole fraction
1455:
1451:
1427:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1172:
1164:
1141:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1078:
1066:
1064:
1047:
1036:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1006:
982:
974:
968:
966:
965:anomeric bond
962:
961:cyclic sugars
958:
954:
950:
949:stereoisomers
946:
942:
934:
932:
918:
898:
877:
868:
860:
858:
856:
840:
832:
816:
796:
788:
784:
777:
775:
773:
769:
760:
744:(glucose) + C
732:O (water) → C
728:(sucrose) + H
715:
714:
708:
704:
703:
702:
700:
695:
693:
692:chemical bond
689:
685:
674:
671:
663:
660:November 2019
653:
649:
643:
642:
637:This section
635:
631:
626:
625:
619:
614:
610:
606:
602:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:Sweet reserve
584:
583:
582:
580:
572:
567:
564:
561:
558:
554:
550:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
524:
520:
516:
511:
506:
498:
496:
494:
490:
486:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
465:
460:
456:
451:
449:
443:
435:
433:
431:
426:
422:
417:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
375:
371:
363:
358:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
313:
309:
305:
302:
298:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
251:
239:
233:
227:
222:
217:
214:
211:
207:
206:
203:Pharmacology
201:
197:
195:
192:
191:
186:
179:
175:
174:
172:
170:
167:
166:
159:
155:
154:
152:
146:
142:
141:
134:
133:
131:
129:
126:
125:
118:
117:ChEMBL1201647
114:
113:
111:
109:
106:
105:
98:
94:
93:
91:
88:
84:
83:
78:
61:
57:
45:
41:
40:
36:
33:Invert sugar
30:
19:
4244:Food science
4179:
4029:Sugar people
4017:Sugar packet
3941:Molasses Act
3916:Blackbirding
3809:Illovo Sugar
3804:South Africa
3757:Wilmar Sugar
3552:Butterscotch
3547:Barley sugar
3452:
3386:
3367:Golden syrup
3345:Mogwa-cheong
3197:Disaccharide
3097:November 27,
3095:. Retrieved
3091:the original
3086:
3029:
3025:
3015:
3003:. Retrieved
2999:the original
2994:
2984:
2972:. Retrieved
2958:
2946:. Retrieved
2931:
2924:
2915:
2908:. Retrieved
2902:
2895:
2883:. Retrieved
2868:
2861:
2849:. Retrieved
2844:
2821:
2814:. Retrieved
2799:
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2770:
2762:Google Books
2760:– via
2754:. Retrieved
2739:
2702:
2696:
2687:
2680:. Retrieved
2676:the original
2671:
2662:
2654:the original
2644:
2594:
2448:. This gives
2407:
1836:
1664:
1515:
1070:
1032:
1024:
969:
952:
945:asymmetrical
938:
866:
864:
854:
830:
781:
764:
696:
681:
666:
657:
646:Please help
641:verification
638:
576:
539:Golden syrup
485:surface area
482:
476:is used for
462:
452:
448:fermentation
445:
421:candy making
418:
416:is reached.
410:
379:
367:
349:invert syrup
348:
334:
329:
319:disaccharide
289:
281:
277:
273:
270:simple syrup
269:
266:invert sugar
265:
262:invert syrup
261:
257:
256:
80:Identifiers
66:Fructose (β-
29:
18:Invert sugar
4175:John Yudkin
4085:Fruit syrup
4002:Sugar shack
3992:Added sugar
3931:Holing cane
3789:Philippines
3689:Casa-grande
3603:Other forms
3579:Sugar glass
3542:Sugar candy
3482:Gula melaka
3462:Candi sugar
3441:Solid forms
3432:Yacón syrup
3422:Table syrup
3397:Maple syrup
3350:Yuja-cheong
3320:Agave syrup
3255:Agave syrup
3224:Added sugar
3083:"Invertase"
3032:(3): 1003.
2966:. Cadbury.
2964:"Creme Egg"
853:is given a
787:polarimeter
605:Candi sugar
594:unfermented
430:baking soda
406:lemon juice
398:citric acid
392:, or other
386:lemon juice
341:table sugar
335:It is 1.3x
278:sugar water
274:sugar syrup
188:Properties
50:Glucose (α-
4228:Categories
4213:Production
4090:Date honey
4075:Cane knife
4012:Sugar nips
3701:Sugar bush
3684:Plantation
3672:Production
3567:Rock candy
3532:Preserving
3412:Pine honey
3357:Corn syrup
3245:Sugar beet
3106:Sweeteners
2942:0824792459
2810:0751404047
2750:083421301X
2637:References
756:(fructose)
684:hydrolysis
505:Free sugar
503:See also:
359:Production
353:sweeteners
312:hydrolytic
194:Molar mass
178:ED959S6ACY
128:ChemSpider
87:CAS Number
4149:Sweetness
4144:Sweetener
4034:Sugar tit
4022:Sucrology
3997:Crop Over
3956:Sugar Act
3799:Sri Lanka
3784:Mauritius
3769:Caribbean
3742:Australia
3584:Sugarloaf
3502:Muscovado
3454:Peen tong
3392:Kuromitsu
3250:Sugarcane
3217:Trehalose
3180:Galactose
3163:Chemistry
3005:April 10,
2995:About.com
2974:April 10,
2603:α
2575:%
2532:α
2526:−
2513:α
2507:−
2494:α
2476:α
2462:inversion
2416:α
2372:α
2366:−
2353:α
2334:α
2312:α
2249:α
2227:α
2205:α
2193:−
2165:α
2143:%
2137:×
2056:%
2050:×
1933:−
1845:χ
1751:α
1739:χ
1722:α
1710:χ
1693:α
1681:χ
1674:α
1643:∘
1635:−
1624:∘
1616:−
1611:∘
1577:α
1548:α
1529:α
1508:species.
1452:χ
1420:α
1408:χ
1387:∑
1370:α
1330:∑
1292:∑
1255:∑
1239:α
1206:∑
1196:α
1165:α
1048:α
1035:chirality
1007:α
983:α
919:α
899:α
878:α
841:α
817:α
797:α
620:Chemistry
464:symbiotic
394:catalysts
374:Invertase
364:Additives
282:bar syrup
97:8013-17-0
4203:Category
4163:Research
4007:Sugaring
3821:Tanzania
3696:Refinery
3664:Industry
3589:Wasanbon
3527:Powdered
3467:Chancaca
3407:Molasses
3299:Products
3275:Honeydew
3175:Fructose
3066:33540721
2968:Archived
2816:June 30,
2620:See also
2070:function
2021:and the
1585:fructose
855:negative
831:positive
688:solution
549:cofactor
461:using a
455:kombucha
382:reaction
308:fructose
284:, syrup
224:)
210:ATC code
158:21924868
4154:Vinasse
4065:Bagasse
4053:Related
3985:Culture
3898:History
3711:Engenho
3679:Boilery
3645:Tuzemák
3610:Caramel
3537:Sucanat
3487:Jaggery
3477:Gelling
3427:Treacle
3402:Mizuame
3265:Coconut
3238:Sources
3212:Sucrose
3207:Maltose
3202:Lactose
3185:Glucose
3057:7867249
3034:Bibcode
2948:July 3,
2910:July 2,
2885:July 1,
2851:July 4,
2756:July 3,
1556:glucose
1474:of the
1470:is the
1134:(where
939:As the
553:enrobed
545:Fondant
519:fondant
493:blender
472:), and
337:sweeter
332:sugar.
322:sucrose
317:of the
304:glucose
299:of the
297:mixture
292:, is a
218: (
216:C05BB03
145:PubChem
4184:(1972)
4112:Nectar
4100:Jallab
3884:Hawaii
3826:Uganda
3794:Rwanda
3572:Toffee
3517:Panela
3335:Cheong
3307:Syrups
3190:Xylose
3110:Curlie
3064:
3054:
2939:
2917:Salts.
2876:
2807:
2747:
2717:
2682:May 1,
1814:, and
1774:Where
1443:Where
613:tripel
609:dubbel
596:grape
370:enzyme
345:Bakers
330:invert
108:ChEMBL
4254:Syrup
4095:Grape
3779:India
3774:Kenya
3721:Zafra
3716:Batey
3594:White
3557:Candy
3492:Misri
3448:Brown
3382:Honey
3280:Maple
3260:Birch
3146:Sugar
2823:acid.
2551:0.629
1913:moles
1890:moles
1105:liter
1101:moles
953:forms
588:is a
527:Honey
489:mixer
470:SCOBY
339:than
294:syrup
288:, or
3879:Fiji
3764:Cuba
3562:Hard
3290:Malt
3285:Palm
3270:Date
3099:2012
3062:PMID
3007:2015
2976:2015
2950:2014
2937:ISBN
2912:2014
2887:2014
2874:ISBN
2853:2014
2818:2014
2805:ISBN
2784:2012
2758:2014
2745:ISBN
2715:ISBN
2689:130.
2684:2006
2572:62.9
1639:19.7
1620:92.0
1607:52.7
867:pure
697:The
611:and
598:must
590:wine
513:Two
306:and
169:UNII
135:none
3752:CSR
3625:Rum
3507:Nib
3108:at
3052:PMC
3042:doi
2707:doi
2140:100
2053:100
650:by
533:Jam
491:or
459:tea
400:or
388:,
286:USP
221:WHO
148:CID
4230::
3085:.
3060:.
3050:.
3040:.
3030:21
3028:.
3024:.
2993:.
2843:.
2830:^
2729:^
2713:.
2686:.
2670:.
1794:,
1022:.
750:12
738:12
726:11
722:22
718:12
581:.
423:,
355:.
280:,
276:,
272:,
268:,
264:,
3138:e
3131:t
3124:v
3101:.
3068:.
3044::
3036::
3009:.
2978:.
2786:.
2764:.
2723:.
2709::
2548:=
2540:f
2536:]
2529:[
2521:g
2517:]
2510:[
2502:s
2498:]
2491:[
2484:s
2480:]
2473:[
2467:=
2458:r
2436:r
2392:)
2388:r
2385:)
2380:s
2376:]
2369:[
2361:f
2357:]
2350:[
2347:+
2342:g
2338:]
2331:[
2328:(
2325:+
2320:s
2316:]
2309:[
2305:(
2298:r
2295:+
2292:1
2288:1
2283:=
2277:x
2274:+
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2257:f
2253:]
2246:[
2243:x
2240:+
2235:g
2231:]
2224:[
2221:x
2218:+
2213:s
2209:]
2202:[
2199:)
2196:x
2188:0
2184:x
2180:(
2174:=
2169:r
2134:r
2114:r
2090:0
2086:x
2082:x
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2007:0
2003:x
1999:+
1996:x
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1956:x
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1822:f
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1748:[
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1719:[
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1697:]
1690:[
1685:s
1677:=
1632:=
1629:)
1603:(
1598:2
1595:1
1590:=
1581:]
1574:[
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1566:1
1561:+
1552:]
1545:[
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1532:=
1493:h
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1417:[
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1402:N
1397:1
1394:=
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1367:[
1363:)
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1313:(
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1213:=
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1199:=
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1162:[
1142:i
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1116:C
1079:N
1051:]
1045:[
1010:]
1004:[
754:6
752:O
748:H
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742:6
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730:2
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673:)
667:(
662:)
658:(
644:.
615:.
468:(
68:d
52:d
20:)
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