2124:. According to philologist Florin Rogojan, the full text "restores Negoiţescu's image as a personality about to be born, reflecting him in his own subjectivity of a being who places all his stakes on creativity." In Rogojan's view, the key element in the volume is its author's confessed ability to "divide himself between the observer and the observed": "I have acquired something that all the people on this Earth ought to be envying. I am at once the modeler and the sheer matter I am modeling." The book records the young author's own hierarchy of his personal projects, based on the manner in which they could impact on the outside world—from "my most important work so far", the diary, to planned (but never written) novels which were meant to celebrate his creative maturity. Rogojan views the introduction of fictionalized elements as a basis for stating the "cruel truths" about Negoiţescu's life (the moral problems posed by his own homosexuality or the fear of losing artistic inspiration).
2592:. In a 2001 essay, Norman Manea argued that Negoiţescu's condemnation of the Iron Guard's ideology, his criticism of post-1989 nationalist revival and his belonging to a sexual minority made him the target of threats and allegations. He concluded: "To what measure have his aesthetic, existential or political opinions, unavoidably interconnected, bothered and still bother not just part of the Romanian political establishment, but also the cultural one? What significance does the marginalization attempted immediately after 1989 (with its affiliated insults) carry in the Motherland to which he remained painfully and lovingly chained? We do not know who would still have, presently, the patience of picking up on the bitterness of such questions." Petreu believes that "taking seriously" Negoiţescu's anti-fascist messages, alongside Balotă's early demand for Romania to recognize the Antonescu regime's
2282:, describing the promise of a "great future". Manea stresses that, in later decades, the transformed Negoiţescu was able to use his youthful affiliation to fascism ("the traps set by exultation") as insight into other forms of political experimentation: "The experience of gregarious jubilation the easily charmed novice to accumulate mistrust of the multitude". This critical distance, Manea argues, also helped the grownup writer identify the perils of communist-era "exultation and stupidity", and in particular of "complicity with the bloated and filthy Power". The "emotional genesis of Negoiţescu's ideas and thought" is also seen by Adriana Stan as a possible explanation for "the Iron Guardist episode", which she dismisses as "a conjectural accident of an adolescent too candid and cosmopolitan to nurture the symptoms of profound intolerance."
2317:
bear in mind that, in 1943, I was the author of the Sibiu
Literary Circle's Manifesto, through which we protested against fascist ideology." He also insisted that his anti-fascist credentials were being recognized by several works of literary history published in the late 1960s. Commenting on the nature of his 1943 letter, Bogdan Creţu nevertheless rated it as an updated version of Lovinescu's lifelong principles, rather than a manifesto of artistic difference. Also according to Creţu, the young critic's affiliations meant that he was not "obtusely disregarding" traditionalist literature in its entirety, noting that Negoiţescu was lenient when it came to poems by traditionalists such as
2515:. To Noica's claim that Westerners had been pushed to "hate the world", forgetting their roots and heading for a collective disaster, he replied: "Is there now a place in the world that is more evidently heading for catastrophe than Romania is? Where has the world been tarnished and where is it still tarnished more than in Noica's homeland? Where o where is European culture more degraded at this time than in the country where the very monuments of European significance and value are being more and more systematically torn down or mutilated in every way conceivable?" Deeming his adversary's statements "an offense to liberty itself", Negoiţescu also placed Noica's
1723:, also notes that, having earlier used Eugen Lovinescu to emancipate himself from Blaga and traditionalism, the young critic and all those who agreed, weary of seeming too detached from their roots, were invoking Goethe as "an antidote to Lovinescianism, that is to say against sheltering oneself in aesthetics." Simuţ writes that, unlike the Circle's ideological tenets, the newer program was "ambiguous, idealistic, likely to be approximated, not clearly defined of made concrete". Overall, Negoiţescu's subsequent work of the time was divided between the influences of Lovinescu and George Călinescu: commenting on this verdict and paraphrasing a statement made by
2041:)." In Pârvulescu's view: "Although they break all sorts of taboos, Negoiţescu's memoirs are so well written that they never veer into vulgarity or obscenity." Likewise, Adriana Stan esteemed the book "singular in our literature" and its author's "capital work". Also according to Ştefănescu, readers who follow the account of young Negoiţescu's spontaneous sexual act at the cinema will sympathize with the protagonist, and even "breathe a sigh of relief" to note that his advances were not rejected. The same reviewer finds another outstanding quality of the book in "the vast depiction of emotional states", which he believes comparable to sections of
5326:
2769:, was threatened with losing her travel privileges. He indicated that his signature on any other such documents was obtained with the use of violence and intimidation. He argued: "I presently think that I was being used by the Securitate, which destroyed my reputation in order to provide Negoiţescu with a cover", and claims that Negoiţescu himself apologized to him for "all the harm" during a chance meeting in the early 1990s. According to Nistorescu's assessment: "When the threads of Negoiţescu's file will come loose, perhaps I'll understand something from adventure." In contrast, Morar and
1386:
2344:: "A certain political indifferentism gives an absurd hue to all hopes for the best. The red dies are cast. The boys have affiliated with the communists. That is to say Nego, Regman and Doinaş. They were promised a weekly magazine, funds etc. Nego even hopes for a visa and a passport to France." Sîrbu expressed a belief that the Sibiu Circle cell could form "an honest island in this chaos of asserted and legalized ignorance", and stated that, in case this was not possible, he would join them in planning an escape, through
2037:, "the best of all that this feverish and uneven author has ever written". The same commentator commends the volume it for displaying a form of sincerity that was ultimately "conquered through culture and the experience of writing", resulting in "another level" of a memoir. He writes: "All is beautiful in Ion Negoiţescu's autobiography, even that which is ugly. A reader who is purely spurred on by a prosaic curiosity will find himself disappointed and will abandon it (like the sexually obsessed will abandon a book by
1852:. Ştefănescu added: "Ion Negoiţescu had the negligence to promise that he would write a history of literature and then, up to the end of his life, felt himself harassed by the interrogative expectation of those around him, as if in the presence of hungry wolf mouths. He sought justifications for delaying work and ultimately fashioned, out of scattered texts (some of exceptional value as essays), something that resembles a history of literature". Himself a literary historian,
2757:, announced that they were ceasing their collaboration with the paper. Soon after these incidents, Corlăţan publicized audio samples of threats she had allegedly received from Romoşan. Cornel Nistorescu himself explained that he had decided not to publish the piece because he considered it superficial. He also claimed that the paper had renounced Corlăţan's services only after she had joined in public criticism of the paper.
1766:("Literary Studies"). Iorgulescu argues that, although structured as "a meager pamphlet of a little more than two hundred pages", the book "radically changed the understanding of Eminescu and his poetry". Overall, the text neglected Eminescu's anthumous poetry and focused on poems only published after the subject's death. It discussed their somber sleep-related imagery, in particular the presence of
1865:
which does not reject rigor and erudition". Cernat contends that the application of an "impressionistic" approach in Negoiţescu's 1967 book produced "extravagant" results. A similar point of view is held by Andrei Terian. He calls the work a "semi-failure", and, rejecting the notion that such problems were practical, arising from Negoiţescu's lack of access to the primary sources, finds
2055:", helping his own mother get dressed for a ball and obsessing over every detail in her appearance. The "Proustian" nature is also highlighted by Stan, who argues: "the recollection performed by the grownup ego has therefore too little in common with a regular, constructed and directed writer's diary." Additionally, Pârvulescu sees an essential quality of the book in its depiction of
1248:, who was also taken into custody at the time, and whom various commentators of the incidents have since identified as the person secretly furnishing information on the critic's personal life. Several other men were detained as suspects, largely on charges of having had intercourse with Negoiţescu. The group, which Romoşan himself argues included some 30 people, notably included poet
2105:, maybe even an instinctual tendency for domination, all later curbed by my homosexuality, which imposed timidity on me, and eventually by the rigors of history". Despite this particular frankness, Bogdan Creţu suggests, the book effectively minimized Negoiţescu's involvement with the fascist causes, by making them seem less relevant to his biography than they actually were.
1591:. Bogdan Creţu, who notes the enthusiastic reception Negoiţescu granted to Caragiale's poetic work in his very first published essay, believes there is an intrinsic connection between the two figures at the level of aestheticism. According to Ion Vianu, the "beautiful, pale and distant" Negoiţescu brought to mind Aubrey de Vere, the "morbid aristocrat" in Caragiale's novella
44:
2018:), but also experiments with girls his own age. In one narrative sequence, the author recounts how, finding himself inside a dark cinema, he satisfied his urges by fondling the genitalia of an unknown man sitting next to him, thus taking a gamble with public condemnation of a homosexual acts. Such experiences, Stan proposes, reveal the protagonist-narrator to have been "
2749:, decided to postpone the publication of Corlăţan's article and later to terminate her contract. Deeming his friend a victim "of the Romanian appetite for filth, rummages through one's private life and public executions", Nistorescu decided to temporarily remove the article from the newspaper's online archive, prompting accusations of censorship. As a result, several
1787:, has loved as intensely and as tragically as Ion Negoiţescu." This dissenting and highly personal view clashed with both critical orthodoxy and other contemporary reevaluations of Eminescu. Negoiţescu's text clashed with the conclusions drawn by Matei Călinescu's in his 1964 book on Eminescu's late poetry (which had mainly focused on the relative impact of
2234:" with the "gray, stiff and fear-impregnated everyday of communism", Călinescu also noted: "Nego's daily heroism was that of being himself, no matter what the consequences of this social preservation of his identity and the refusal to hide it." Such views, Ion Vianu adds, transformed Negoiţescu into "the perfect, exemplary victim of communism".
2504:
proposed that
Eminescu's own form of 19th century nationalism, and even the "angel of death" imagery of his posthumous poetry, may have been products of "the same affliction". His pioneering role in discussing the connection between Eminescu's theories and Romanian fascism was subsequently acknowledged by his fellow literary historians.
1554:: "his proud demeanor, the rigorous aestheticism he professed were the expression of an extreme exigence, as expanded on the artistic level as it was on the moral one." Such aspects prompted Bogdan Creţu to suggest that Negoiţescu's work was primarily characterized by a "critical consciousness", made possible by his "specific tragic
987:. During his interrogation, Negoițescu made a point of not implicating his friend Țoiu, by claiming that the activities he had been indicted of were pursued despite Țoiu's better advice. As he later recalled, his body of published works was kept as evidence of his hostility to the official line, while a court decision led to the
1546:' aestheticism which was however paradoxically doubled by a major moral intransigence in matters of art and artistic truth". He believed Negoiţescu's artistic vision to feature "a hidden moral edge", one occasionally turning back "on himself", and making Negoiţescu "one of the major ethical figures in
2224:
Similarly, Norman Manea placed Negoiţescu's public profile in relation with the aesthetic ideals of his work: "The indestructible attachment toward beauty and aesthetics has fortified the otherwise sober and frail being of the writer through times of Iron
Guardist exultation, as well as through times
1065:
manner encouraged by the authorities, he stirred polemic passions on the literary scene and became a target for surveillance by the authorities. Negoiţescu's text, which linked
Romanian literary history with the development of urban culture, also intrigued the cultural establishment because it seemed
415:
at around age sixteen, when he wrote about his homosexuality in a test paper which he then handed to his supervising teacher. Reportedly, the paper was graded a ten out of ten, without further commentary from its recipient. Negoiţescu later openly assumed his sexual identity and, in contrast to other
2311:
camouflaged in modernist trappings: "Burning with the fever of exultation when they yell out the word 'culture' at each and any street corner, all the headmasters of patriotism, or morals and of poetry, in love with the 'holy soil' only because they view it from the comfortable armchairs of the city
2009:
to evade the tradition of
Romanian autobiographical literature, in that it was freed from "the obsession of the image", without courting the reader's sympathy. She adds: "Approaching death is a guarantee for a sincerity of the best quality. The only danger that stalks among the pages is that of time
1964:
cultures. According to Alex. Ştefănescu's assessment of the book: "It is for the first time that a
Romanian author analyzes himself with a soberness taken to its last consequences, with even a sort of cruelty, producing confessions that others would not produce even under torture." A similar verdict
1570:
saw Negoiţescu as lacking a critic's "literary head", being instead an "avid consumer of art" with "an immense sensual appetite". In reference to the issue of critic versus artist, Ştefănescu argues: "He would provide contradictory verdicts. He would most often allow himself to be guided by the will
2316:
imagine themselves day and night at the plow horns". In a 1969 letter protesting against marginalization by communists, the author himself argued: "In what concerns the politically unfavorable atmosphere that has been created around my name, it seems curious to me that those who support it will not
2085:
is based strictly on an inventory of Negoiţescu's genealogy, with insight into his family history. The segment is however deemed "boring" by Ştefănescu, who notes that the names mentioned "do not mean anything to us", but nevertheless acknowledges the "chill" they evoke: "the writer, alerted by the
1707:
opposition, with a preference for the former term, and in combination with "modern
Faustianism, that is to say dynamism, imprudent haste." Seeing in Euphorion a victim of preference for the chaotically modern elements of his own dual nature, and indicating that Goethe had initially intended to give
1537:
referred to "the exemplary nature of case", as evidence that, contrary to popular opinion, the quality of one's literature "does not arrive from the ethic to the aesthetic, but the other way around." In his assessment, Negoiţescu was "a minority member, not just an erotic one, but a chosen person,
1498:
have ever had." The value of his contribution was linked by various commentators with Negoiţescu's approach to literature and, in particular, his personal appreciation of beauty. Such distinctive traits were first discussed by
Lovinescu in his 1943 article. Comparing Negoiţescu to both Eminescu and
1497:
mentions Negoiţescu's inconsistency as an alternative cause: "he was a man of great projects which, as a rule, he did not manage to complete." Despite finding fault in this tendency, Creţu rates the author as "the most talented" among the Sibiu Circle critics, and "one of the most gifted critics we
1164:
was confiscated and destroyed by the regime's representatives. Such measures caused Negoiţescu distress, and led him to attempt killing himself a third time, on August 23, 1974 (the 1944 Coup's 30th anniversary, and
Romania's national holiday during communism). According to his friend, psychiatrist
1864:
authors of critical syntheses (George Călinescu and Eugen
Lovinescu), as well as with his junior Manolescu. In this definition, the approach, which Cernat found debatable, rests on its partisans' belief that criticism "does not represent a 'science', but a form of creation in the vicinity of art,
995:
publishers). Alerted by Doinaş, the critic's mother had destroyed all manuscripts he kept in his Cluj home, including his childhood diary (which reportedly opened with the words "I want to be a writer"). Negoițescu himself recalled that, while in penitentiary, he contemplated suicide for a second
844:
Despite his political dossier and the officially endorsed repression of homosexuality, Negoițescu had by then been made notorious for his successive amorous relationships with men from all walks of life, and rumors spread that he was also briefly involved with local celebrities. His heterosexual
2523:
in connection with a common attitude in post-World War II Romania. According to this claim, the country had been abandoned by Europe: "like Noica, whose writings have no echo in the Occident, feel that they are shouting in the desert and curse the desert which does not hear and does not answer
1731:
as a watershed moment, at which Negoiţescu found himself disagreeing with both his mentors' core beliefs: on one hand, Călinescu's argument that Romanian literature rested on a peasant culture; on the other, Lovinescu's conclusion that Romania's cultural tendencies did not suggest any stylistic
974:
Reportedly, the reasons for Negoițescu's sentencing were his participation in "hostile discussions" dealing with literary topics and his ambition of circulating an anthology of Romanian poetry that included banned authors. However, the actual arrest, concluding a major purge of the intellectual
776:
In this context, Negoiţescu was made a member of the board granting awards in the memory of Eugen Lovinescu (and named after the theorist), his influence helping in granting such distinctions to Doinaş and Stanca. However, the correspondence of this period also shows aggravated tensions between
2229:
setup quickly crumbles have proved themselves rejected by Beauty." Matei Călinescu mentioned his older friend's "internally proud awareness of his own genius", as manifested against such definitions of genius as were being favored by "communist cultural parochialism". Contrasting Negoiţescu's
2503:
as a virtue." Manea interpreted these assessments with caution, arguing that Negoiţescu merged "names and situations that deserved nuancing", but noted that they satisfied the urgency of bringing the episodes in question up for public debate. Beyond these chronological limits, Negoiţescu also
725:
and urban-themed modernist literature had rendered its traditionalist competitor, with its rural subjects, at the same time obsolete and objectionable. By 1945 however, the Sibiu group was breaking up, largely owing to the decline of cultural activity, as well as to the recovery of Northern
2395:(himself a member of the Radio Free Europe staff), Negoiţescu, Goma and Vianu were the only figures of their day to question "the legitimacy of the system", a situation which he believed was rooted in "the character of Romanians", particularly their "fear". Himself an author and dissident,
2420:, Negoiţescu himself compared the attitudes of local intellectuals with those in other communist countries, assessing that Romanians were weaker to react against their regime's demands, and arguing that, when faced with political pressures, Romanian institutions were "the first to yield".
1956:, has drawn attention for its frank depiction of precocious sexuality in general and homosexual experimentation in particular. Researcher Michaela Mudure argues that, by openly defining masculinity in non-heterosexual terms, the text is one of the "few and notable" exceptions within the "
1433:
Hospitalized for a long interval, the Romanian writer died in Munich at age 71. His body was cremated, and his ashes taken back to Romania, where they buried at a cemetery in central Cluj. He had managed to complete only two chapters of his intended memoirs, published later by Petreu and
1775:" artist. Ştefănescu believes that Negoiţescu had intended to elude that part of Eminescu's work that had become widely accessible to a "motley" public, and instead focused the remaining secrets. The result of such studies, Ştefănescu proposes, has "the flickering—and blinding—unity of
1092:
spokeswoman. Upon his return, Negoiţescu admitted to Romanian officials that the object of this meeting was to reestablish the Eugen Lovinescu Award, which Monica Lovinescu had considered delegating to a panel of young critics living inside Romania (Matei Călinescu, Virgil Nemoianu,
1530:" than a researcher, and found in literature "a drug" to "inject in his veins". In Ştefănescu's view, this fundamental trait, like Negoiţescu's homosexuality, was incompatible with both the "forceful brutishness" of communism and the "prude" nature of Romanian society.
2474:
included reflected on the attraction exercised by the Iron Guard and Codreanu on educated young men of the period, despite the fact that Codreanu's own political manifestos were at an "embarrassing level". He linked this phenomenon to the generation's reaction against
427:). At the time however, the various ways in which the adolescent Negoiţescu disregarded social conventions caused a rift between him and his parents, resulting in the first of his several suicide attempts. Negoiţescu's subsequent life was marked by successive bouts of
1801:
is seen by Ştefănescu as "not just unfinished, but also never started": Negoiţescu had only published what was supposed to be its middle part (planning to discuss post-1800 literature in an addenda to a second volume, alongside 20th century works). Written earlier,
2571:. At around the same time, Negoiţescu also reacted against the tendency of some Romanians to reassess their national literature purely on the basis of its political status under communism, primarily noting that various works once considered valuable for their
2376:: the two authors singled out Negoiţescu and Vianu as examples of "solidarity" among Romanian intellectuals, in contrast to the generic pattern of "solitude". The scarcity of such common initiatives, Monica Lovinescu concluded, clashed with the representative
2423:
Various commentators have also argued that Negoiţescu's retraction was both the result of pressures and ultimately inconsequential. Gelu Ionescu thus notes that the text on patriotism was circumstantial and not, like some by his fellow writers, "a homage to
1727:, Terian argued that the two mentors had become (respectively) "the cherished maestro" and "the hated maestro" to Negoiţescu. Also according to Terian, this stance echoed Lovinescu's own ambiguous pronouncements about his rival Călinescu's work. Identifying
1421:
after 1989, Negoiţescu was writing his volume of memoirs, which he believed would be regarded as his masterpiece, and on which he worked intensely. He maintained contact with the Romanian literary scene, and was notably interviewed by his younger colleague
2092:
also includes first-hand detail on Negoiţescu's fascist episode, including the circumstances of his several contributions to the Iron Guardist press and the joy he experienced in late 1940, when the movement managed to assassinate historian and politician
996:
time: "I wanted to 'pull one' on my torturers and destroy the object of their sadistic pleasure". According to one account, he had tried to poison himself with meat he had allowed to fester, being unaware that boiled food could not breed deadly bacteria.
881:
figures before being marginalized by communism: in Negoițescu's own definition, she had been led to her grave "almost a pauper". Also then, just prior to being arrested, Sîrbu made an attempt to group his former university colleagues around his magazine
717:, a review published by, and named after, the Sibiu group. Alongside members of the Circle, the main contributors included the movement's mentor Blaga and various other established Romanian writers. Negoiţescu's own works of that year included the study
695:". In contrast with such reactions, Lovinescu found himself positively impressed by the group' gesture, and sent the Sibiu writers a letter which acknowledged them as his disciples. His sympathetic portrait of Negoiţescu, published later in the year by
1976:
This type of "insensitivity" is likened by Ştefănescu with that of "a cadaver on a dissection table", or "a statue that we can examine from all sides". The critic finds the work more daring than any possible analogy in local letters. He compares it to
1938:). Elaborating on his assessment of "impressionist" criticism, Cernat insisted on Negoiţescu's habit of structuring the chapters around only select parts of an author's contribution, the results of which, he believed, were uneven in scientific value.
2543:
paraphrased their content as "vocal appeals that we should not try to build a European Romania on the political ideas of Noica, Eliade, Cioran, Nae Ionescu, Eminescu and Vulcănescu". In tandem, Negoiţescu was also rejecting the political stances of
609:, commented on its strengths and weaknesses with his host. The meeting left an impression on Lovinescu, whose diary for that day reads: "I have the feeling he is 'different', he is an 'exceptional' young man, who is set to have a singular destiny."
5043:
2364:'s movement and the risk this implied with the perceived lack of solidarity, intimidation or indifference displayed by the cultural establishment of the late 1970s. Discussing the context for the incident, British historian and political analyst
701:
newspaper, further publicized this special connection. The piece was nevertheless received with noted reserve by Negoiţescu's own friends and colleagues, who did not necessarily share the two theorists' confidence in each other's ideologies.
2611:
wrote that Nicolae Manolescu's own 2008 synthesis on Romanian literary history allocated much space to a debate with his deceased colleague over the classification of Eminescu's contributions. During the late years of the 20th century, poet
1260:
governments, representatives of which followed the case with concern. At the same time, the communist regime was forcefully expelling Goma and Ion Vianu, the latter of whom had joined the public protest by calling attention to the use of
1160:("Analyses and Syntheses", 1976). These books occasionally transgressed the limits imposed by communist leaders, and sparked several of his more or less severe clashes with censorship. In one incident of 1971, the entire circulation of
1018:, he had attempted to find Negoiţescu a full writing job. Negoiţescu's new domicile, a basement room on Bucharest's Ana Ipătescu Boulevard, was a meeting spot for members of the Sibiu Circle and for young literary figures (Călinescu,
1522:." Referring to their collaboration in the Sibiu Circle during the late 1940s, Balotă however noted that Negoiţescu was an outspoken critic of those who valued beauty over message, being as such in line with the group's "ambiguous
1239:
Himself arrested shortly afterward, Negoiţescu was made subject to a humiliating and violent interrogation, at the end of which he again contemplated suicide. He was also threatened with prosecution on grounds of breaking
5264:
1575:, he would settle for a weak text . He loved depths so much that he invented them." He and other commentators assess that Negoiţescu's self-avowed love for literature and books as objects was almost physical in nature.
2734:, who assessed that Romoşan was "our link on critic Ion Negoiţescu", acknowledging the role played by such information in getting Negoiţescu to "admit his guilt". Another note, issued after Romoşan's own departure for
459:
uniform of the Guardists, took part in National Legionary street parades. This choice intrigued his biographers and reviewers of his work, who generally agree that it clashed with the young man's tolerant nature and
2760:
Romoşan, who had earlier denied involvement with the Securitate, claimed that Negoiţescu had actually both been recruited as an agent since their release from prison in the 1960s, and had spied for the Securitate's
1770:
angels, their recurring references to darkness, and their various allusions to the temptation of sin. These themes, commonly ignored by Negoiţescu's critical predecessors, were argued to have revealed in Eminescu a
791:(who were both among the Lovinescu Award trustees). In June of the same year, somewhat intimidated by the experience, Negoiţescu returned to his home region, where, in August, he received news that his paper of
1227:
displaying his solidarity with the initiative, and openly rallied with various other forms of protest. The document in question further antagonized the regime when it was broadcast by the diaspora section of
2676:, his Radio Free Europe colleague, who took the liberty of releasing a short fragment (covering the date of 4 January 1949). Pârvulescu, who calls the piece "an exceptional essay on love" and compares it to
1561:
As negative consequences of Negoiţescu's aestheticism, Ştefănescu cites his "excess of solemnity" and the "excessive shyness" of his critical essays, as well as a lack of determination and a tendency toward
198:. A rebellious and eccentric figure, Negoiţescu began his career while still an adolescent, and made himself known as a literary ideologue of the 1940s generation. Moving from a youthful affiliation to the
1708:
his character a happier and more balanced existence, the theorist stated: "I shall propose as a goal that initial Euphorion . All contemporary Romantic decadence, the signs of crisis and disaster, such as
2399:
reflected back on the period: "Corrupted and sagged by a too lengthy and complacent convenience , Romanian writers viewed Paul Goma's effort with mistrust. A letter from Ion Negoiţescu and the support of
1121:. In December of the same year, the authorities threatened to confiscate the Negoiţescu's citing a juridical rationale he viewed as untenable, and, as a result, he initiated a formal gesture of protest.
2368:
assessed: "Privileges and carefully modulated intimidation encouraged intellectuals to stay quiet and sometimes even police their professions on behalf of the regime." A similar argument, presented by
318:. His diverse work, although scattered and largely incomplete, drew critical praise for its original takes on various subjects, and primarily for its views on the posthumously published writings of
947:(according to whom the trend represented by Negoiţescu signified "the penetration of modernist, apolitical or profoundly retrograde, traditionalist tendencies" coupled with "the infiltrations of
2293:
had made "national sentiment" more precious to Transylvanians than ever before, the text cautioned against a revival of nationalist exclusiveness in the literary field, and rested the fault for
2487:." In his interpretation, the measure to which these authors had chosen to emancipate themselves from fascism varied: Eliade, Noica and Ţuţea "never cured", while Cioran, who assimilated a "
1558:": "although it caused him great distress during his lifetime , it compelled him to become, no matter what the risks, consistent with himself; that is to say honest, enthusiastic, genuine."
1365:). Together with other Romanian acquaintances who had been expelled from or fled Romania (Călinescu, Nemoianu, Raicu and Vianu among them), he was also a member of the editorial college for
411:
Having discovered his sexual inclination early in life, Negoiţescu claimed to have had his first sexual experiences while still a young boy. According to his own testimony, he made his
2730:", alongside personal statement recounting details from Negoiţescu's private life. Also cited was a 1985 statement by Securitate colonel Victor Achim, responsible for reporting on the
5816:
5250:
3381:
2332:
At the end of his post-fascist transition, Negoiţescu is even alleged to have rallied with Communist Party-led organizations. Discussing this rumor in his 1946 correspondence with
1779:
flames", its intensity evoking "a maddening experience, leaving the experimenter to reemerge with his hair all white." In Ştefănescu's view, the passion felt by the exegete is the
1489:
Owing to the political persecutions he was subject to for much of his life, Ion Negoiţescu's literary career mostly resulted in scattered and incomplete works. Literary historian
2738:(and subsequent defection to the West), told of a plan to make him the target of a negative campaign by leaking information on his relationship with and betrayal of Negoiţescu.
2416:, Matei Călinescu's account partly connects this issue with Negoiţescu having "miscalculated the reaction of his friends" by believing his gesture would be reciprocated. In his
1244:, a penal code section which criminalized homosexual relationships. The Securitate men were by then interested in the homosexual relationship between Negoiţescu and young poet
4959:
2528:, extending his earlier comments regarding the continental alignment of Romanian culture: "after 1947 our culture has been forcefully torn from its natural European context."
857:
were in attendance, and where Balotă was allegedly the only straight man. Negoiţescu's cultural opposition also touched his friendships: in 1954, he played a part in rescuing
2559:, who had publicly stated that, for lack of "democratic traditions", Romania could expect to undergo two decades of transition from communist institutions to a fully fledged
1965:
is suggested by literary critic Adriana Stan: "The calm of extracting moral senses lacks , and his authenticist challenge to 'say it all' almost precipitates itself into an
2777:
gave Romoşan's claims the benefit of the doubt and urged for the Negoiţescu file to be publicized in its entirety, but also asserted that Romoşan had lost his credibility.
951:
in union with precious, inaccessible language"). In particular, such voices condemned the critic's praise of banned authors, among them Lovinescu, Blaga, Mateiu Caragiale,
1808:
was cited by the same critic as an example of Negoiţescu's inconsistency and lack of structure, given that it dealt with "authors who are unlinked to each other": Doinaş,
4034:
1080:, but, as he himself recalled, the communist press at home had used the occasion to call him a "defector", "traitor" and "fascist". While in France, Negoiţescu visited
733:
and based in newly reincorporated Cluj, but had little success in obtaining support. According to Sîrbu, who was at the time detached as a commissioned sergeant in the
5766:
2511:
regime. During his exile years, he was especially vocal in condemning Constantin Noica's late essays, which communist authorities tolerated for their critique of the
2242:
Before becoming a disciple of Lovinescu, the adolescent Negoiţescu viewed nationalism as a neutral quality, and even rated works he reviewed in accordance with their
5008:
4120:
2672:
The writer's will specified that the totality of his diary could only be published in or after 2023. It was assigned by Negoiţescu himself in the care of journalist
5826:
909:
Beginning 1958, the clash between Negoițescu and the Socialist Realist cultural mainstream reached new proportions: the Communist Party-controlled media, including
2412:
stances, all the more heroic since could not count on solidarity or support from colleagues", the status of a singular reaction against the local prolongation of
2014:." The episodes in Negoiţescu's book portray the boy as a seeker of promiscuous sexual experiences, who enjoys the advances of grownup males (such as his father's
1117:, the communist apparatus denied him a new passport. In early 1969, Negoiţescu, newly readmitted into the Writers' Union, was assigned an apartment on Bucharest's
2765:
during his time in Germany. Speaking after Corlăţan's article, he admitted having functioned as a Securitate informer, but not before 1987, when his wife, writer
2432:
on himself (he never signed any deal with the devil; he never, and in no way, implicated anyone else into anything) and these bad things were not irreparable."
4273:
1493:
compares the overall effect to "a room searched by the Securitate and left a mess." Noting the same defining characteristic of incompleteness, literary critic
546:
By that point in his life, Negoiţescu made himself known as the ideologue of his generation, expanding his cultural horizon and familiarizing himself with the
4705:
1900:". Negoiţescu therefore acknowledged that such a project could only be brought to its completion outside Romania, in a land touched by "the dawn of liberty".
325:. In tandem, the implications of Negoiţescu's private life and the various aspects of his biography, such as his relationship to exposed Securitate informant
3319:
1657:, with emphasis on Navarro's homosexuality. In Bogdan Creţu's definition, the book shows Negoiţescu's commitment to anti-fascism, and especially his use of
5791:
2440:
A significant portion of Negoiţescu's political writings provided a critical retrospective on interwar far right and its appeal among intellectuals of the
1869:
as symptomatic for its author's inconsistencies. In support of this interpretation, Terian cites Negoiţescu's decision to grant the lesser-known novelist
5786:
5771:
1409:("With Full Knowledge"), grouping his anti-communist essays written abroad. The literary synthesis he had announced in 1968 was eventually published by
1896:, asserting Negoiţescu's belief that Romanian literature did not precede the birth of modern literature, and that it had developed as an "imitation of
5761:
5666:
2193:) and a significant number of the younger writers who were only then making their debut. This community, he noted, was primarily reacting against the
2026:", characterized by an unwillingness in taking critical distance from "the object of his contemplation", and displaying "a psychology of the excess".
5086:
5781:
5686:
4084:
3771:
2507:
A special portion of Negoiţescu's essays deals with the meeting point between the currents of Romanian nationalism and the themes recovered by the
765:. He was involved in cultural networking: in permanent correspondence with his former Sibiu colleagues, he also established contacts with novelist
5836:
4913:
5257:
963:, and had his right of signature officially withdrawn (meaning that his name could no longer be seen in print). Eventually, in 1961, he became a
2692:, suggests that the undisclosed volume may prove to be "Ion Negoiţescu's one great work." Much of his personal correspondence was bequeathed to
2607:
manifested not just in Negoiţescu's essays, but also in the drama writings of Radu Stanca and the "speculative and meditative" poems by Doinaş.
443:
As a high school student before and after the outbreak of World War II, Ion Negoiţescu also became interested in politics, and rallied with the
5811:
2762:
1623:" of texts making the object of his reviews. In particular, Creţu sees as outstanding the young critic's verdicts on George Călinescu's novel
455:
regime (in existence between 1940 and 1941). As he himself later recalled, he contributed to the group's press and, wearing the green-colored
5846:
5681:
3426:
1695:
2483:, explained by him as "a disease that was roaming the world at the time and one that could be better explained by theoretical means such as
5706:
5696:
1076:, where he was also granted an editorial staff office (a position he kept until 1971). That same year, he was allowed to travel beyond the
1061:, and instantly made its author the center of attention from several milieus. Having decided not to treat his subjects in the conventional
671:
press, who successfully identified their actual source, calling on the Antonescu government to impose severe punishment: the fascist venue
667:, "pasture"), while accusing its proponents of having replaced aesthetic appraisal with extreme dogmatism. These judgments scandalized the
3378:
5721:
5115:
3080:
2555:(FSN). In a letter cited by Manea, Negoiţescu strongly rejected the claims publicized by FSN member and former Communist Party activist
1788:
1538:
personifying the burning conditioning, truly intrinsic, between freedom and beauty, not just between liberty and morality". Similarly,
4448:
4190:
2010:
running out, and this provides chaotic impatience and hastening, like the agglomeration of the last sand grains inside the neck of an
923:" stance, and claimed that the author was still failing to adopt "the judicious attitude". Similar condemnation was expressed by other
5776:
5716:
5676:
2552:
2953:
5851:
5731:
5214:
5197:
5180:
4807:
4684:
4615:
4000:
3418:
939:
responsible for preserving "bourgeois ideology", while urging "the editorial staffs of literary reviews, the publishing houses the
4344:
1109:); according to his account, the Communist Party structures prevented him from even suggesting this offer to the cultural official
3732:
2643:, 2004). The writer's articles and essays of the 1938–1947 period were reissued as a single volume in 2007, under the title
1468:("Dialogues after Silence", 1998). His work as an anthologist, dating back to the 1950s, also saw print under Regman's direction:
1057:
By then, Negoiţescu was working on his synthesis of Romanian literary history. Its summary version was first published in 1968 by
400:. Reputedly, Blaga saw his adolescent disciple as a genius and encouraged him to seek a career in literature. Negoiţescu took his
225:
before the 1990s—an experience which, like his political commitments, is recorded in his controversial autobiographical writings.
5831:
5746:
5691:
5656:
4869:
4837:
4645:
3876:
3803:
3551:
3468:
3225:
1374:
5325:
5131:
4564:
4527:
1296:("Some Other Critical Records") in 1980. However, Ion Negoiţescu spent the early 1980s abroad, and, from 1982 to 1983, lived in
5661:
4878:
4846:
4654:
4573:
4536:
2735:
2568:
2023:
1555:
1212:
820:
241:
3022:
1903:
Although incomplete, the book opened various new paths in critical commentary. It investigated the early history of Romania's
1004:
Following his release, Negoiţescu was allowed to seek employment in his field, and, moving to Bucharest, became an editor for
5801:
5726:
2563:. He found Brucan's assertion "insulting" for Romania's population as a whole, while noting that, between 1881 and 1938, the
2141:, Ion Negoiţescu and his Sibiu Circle colleagues represented a larger faction of intellectuals who, once empowered by 1960s
1712:
and Surrealism etc., are consequences of that tear within Euphorion's being. We ought to propose the Goethian restoration."
1506:
theorist insisted on discussing his young disciple's appearance as an exterior sign of literary finesse: "A fine, feminine,
1042:(1967). After 1965, he and other Sibiu Circle members were reunited around two new venues: the Transylvanian-based magazine
5736:
4117:
2589:
2532:
2385:
1791:). Negoiţescu's concentration on Eminescu's posthumous pieces was intensely disputed in later years by literary historian
1642:
475:
to Hungary, Negoiţescu followed the Cluj University's Romanian section as it relocated to the south of the new border, in
5796:
5741:
5711:
5701:
2731:
2726:
government agency. One such document paraphrased Romoşan's alleged claim that Negoiţescu needed to be punished for his "
2279:
2098:
1526:". According to Alex. Ştefănescu, Negoiţescu, a "solitary and misunderstood" figure, approached his mission more as an "
1170:
960:
887:
5435:
1724:
1417:("The History of Romanian Literature"), it was still incomplete, and only covered the 1800–1945 period. Based in
496:
5806:
5671:
3817:
1398:
1044:
2647:("From the 'Juvenile Impulse' to the 'Dreamed Euphorion'") and edited by critic Lelia Nicolescu. A second edition of
2596:, could have engendered a reassessment of the past, thus preventing the resurgence of political and social problems.
4270:
3163:
1034:'s communist rule, a relaxation of censorship signified that he was again allowed to publish, producing the volumes
629:, he defied Antonescu's regime by affiliating the entire Circle with Lovinescu, himself marginalized for supporting
5236:
4702:
4356:
2652:
2047:
1857:
1684:
988:
874:
405:
3316:
5430:
5048:: acuzat de cenzurarea unei anchete despre prietenul său, Petru Romoşan. Ioan T. Morar anunţă că nu mai scrie la
1518:
gestures or enthusiastic drives, hardly tempered by the prodigious culture of this oversensitive, never matured,
1272:("On Patriotism"), an essay retracting his statements and expressing regret for his action. According to writer
1072:
746:
329:
and the revelations of his unpublished diary, have remained topics of controversy in the years after his death.
5505:
2524:
them." He believed to have identified the roots of this mentality in the political and cultural clashes of the
2263:
2166:
2112:, which groups and rearranges fragments of a diary covering his life between the ages of 16 and 30, as well as
1978:
1754:
described the work as a "crucial moment in Eminescian exegesis", equaled only by George Călinescu's 1932 study
1704:
1385:
1280:, while Romoşan's punitive incarceration became notorious in the literary milieu. Still allowed to travel into
1153:
992:
948:
745:("On the Mask and the Movement"). In 1947, one year after his graduation, Romania's official publishing house,
738:
452:
364:
355:
3850:
2599:
Likewise, Negoiţescu's cultural theses, volumes and presence continued to be interpreted by later literature.
2225:
of communist disarray and persecution. The ugliness, barbarity, vulgarity and stupidity into which the great
1301:
1006:
753:("Romanian Poets"). With credentials signed by Blaga and French academic Henri Jacquier, and sponsored by the
741:, but only as a means to preserve their livelihood. Negoiţescu had earlier published the second of his books,
376:. The future author studied at the Angelescu High School in his native city, and debuted in 1937, when he had
3895:
3825:
1860:" tradition of mainstream Romanian literary criticism. This trend, Cernat believes, linked Negoiţescu to the
931:(who alleged that Negoițescu was one of those who circulated "names, works and ideas that we find foreign");
605:. Negoiţescu, who had just purchased himself the new critical synthesis newly published by Lovinescu's rival
5856:
3984:
2365:
2247:
1990:
1709:
1277:
1253:
754:
4786:
2531:
During the early 1990s, Negoiţescu published several articles which examined the political developments in
1880:, as stated by Negoiţescu's preface to his work, was to uncover the connections between the specificity of
1750:
became one of the most celebrated writings of its author's entire career. Literary historian and columnist
5841:
5756:
5550:
5485:
5202:
5083:
4229:
2405:
2337:
2182:
1262:
710:
706:
520:
423:
401:
4457:
3741:
3560:
3089:
3031:
2640:
2340:
speculated about the possibility that his friends were merely seeking to survive in a new society facing
1837:
1699:) as an ideal image of "all things new on a spiritual level". The core idea, occasionally paraphrased as
1514:. And over all this appearance, a mask of reverie". Creţu sees Negoiţescu's career as being consumed by "
854:
5625:
3768:
3171:
2153:. In Martin's definition, the diverse group includes others who "had passed through communist prisons" (
2146:
2052:
1597:
1350:
488:
472:
299:
195:
162:
5570:
5127:
4910:
4151:
4089:
3764:
2774:
1985:("The Diary of a Guinea Pig"), which is however "unforgiving" only with its author's acquaintances; to
1751:
1345:, as well as Radio Free Europe programmer. Enlisting the collaboration of various exiled co-nationals,
516:
5405:
4363:
3591:
2946:
1986:
1490:
372:
rule. In contrast, Negoiţescu's father came from outside Transylvania, being born to parents from the
5651:
5646:
3374:
2727:
2711:
2593:
2508:
2467:
2425:
2275:
2072:
2029:
Alex. Ştefănescu agrees with Negoiţescu's own belief in the book's narrative qualities, arguing that
1676:
1499:
1448:, 1994). Three other writings saw print in the period immediately after his death: the postscript to
1418:
1110:
1031:
829:
824:
592:
536:
373:
347:
272:
206:
152:
5345:
5139:
4481:
4441:
4234:
4186:
4156:
4076:
4030:
3674:
2770:
2299:
2218:
2214:
2101:: "I was being driven by a terrible vital demon, an unprecedented impulse for affirmation, an acute
1926:
was designed to complete his global analysis of Romanian literature, and gave ample coverage to the
1625:
1616:", and accused his various colleagues of having artificially increased Caragiale's cultural rating.
1605:
1601:
novel was a masterpiece formed around a "secret architecture", was contested by literary critic and
1273:
1106:
1102:
807:, when he became exposed to political persecution. Initially, he was employed as a librarian by the
492:
252:, he continued to speak out against political restrictions, and came to be closely monitored by the
5821:
5580:
5525:
5300:
4992:
4862:
4698:
4266:
4195:
4039:
3670:
3595:
3477:
3234:
3015:
2962:
2773:
both assessed that Romoşan's own flight abroad was part of a Securitate diversion. Literary critic
2766:
2715:
2693:
2682:
2660:
2428:." Călinescu also noted (emphasis in the original): "the bad things caused by giving in reflected
2396:
2333:
2290:
2162:
2154:
2138:
2002:
1849:
1845:
1817:
1759:
1634:
1587:
A substantial and precocious element of Negoiţescu's critical work was constituted by his focus on
1567:
1362:
1249:
1245:
1124:
Despite the rising negative reactions against his work, Negoiţescu continued to publish essays and
606:
532:
524:
504:
500:
468:
428:
326:
3869:
3461:
3218:
2620:, which owed partial inspiration to Negoiţescu's project and had Doinaş as its honorary director.
2613:
2392:
1675:, Negoiţescu's failed project for a literary magazine, was also his stated attempt at producing a
1619:
By 1945, Creţu argues, Negoiţescu had reached his creative maturity, primarily by perfecting the "
1494:
726:
Transylvania (since the young writers were able to consider returning to their respective homes).
558:, while dedicating his efforts to promoting the work of isolated young authors such as Stanca and
508:
190:; 10 August 1921 – 6 February 1993) was a Romanian literary historian, critic, poet, novelist and
5751:
5450:
5385:
3845:
3328:
2628:
2564:
2548:
2492:
2202:
2194:
2178:
2170:
1897:
1893:
1881:
1841:
1825:
1680:
1547:
1390:
1305:
964:
928:
846:
762:
757:
Titan-Călan-Nădrag, Negoiţescu was again in Bucharest, where he and Stanca both hoped to receive
384:. At age sixteen, Negoiţescu also published his first of several reviews in the student magazine
307:
245:
67:
5242:
5160:
3284:
2656:
2246:
discourse. His articles of the time produced comparisons between the defunct Iron Guard founder
1833:
1821:
1746:
Seen by Alex. Ştefănescu as both Negoiţescu's only complete work and "a sort of critical poem",
1539:
1510:; delicacy, shyness, quickly alarmed by some sort of bashfulness betrayed by discreet shades of
1435:
1314:
1288:
and invitations. He published two other Romanian books: his correspondence with Radu Stanca, as
1284:, he attended a 1979 poetry festival in Belgium, after which he became the recipient of several
1050:
1023:
1011:
850:
833:
and frequenting marginalized figures; reportedly, it was a consequence of this ambivalence that
3544:
2600:
1930:
authors (although, critic Mihaela Albu notes, it failed to include authors from the regions of
1716:
1665:
was financed with money Negoiţescu had made by selling his leather boots, part of a Guardist's
1219:
drafted a collective petition critical of Ceauşescu's cultural and social policies in the post-
1066:
to leave out completely all works produced before 1800. Also in 1968, Negoiţescu moved on from
5585:
5515:
5210:
5193:
5176:
5151:
5079:
4830:
4803:
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4611:
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3422:
2742:
2688:
2560:
2463:
2442:
2190:
2086:
premonition of death, wishes to save all things that he can remember about his forefathers."
2015:
1935:
1927:
1904:
1885:
1856:
deemed Negoiţescu's writing a "rough sketch", also noting that it follows the subjective and "
1792:
1772:
1689:
1543:
1229:
1201:
A seminal event in the writer's life and career occurred in 1977, when he openly rallied with
1177:. In parallel with these events in his life and career, he published several works of poetry:
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1085:
944:
804:
630:
551:
540:
288:
284:
237:
182:
5612:
3077:
2567:
had had democratic institutions, and comparing the overall context of the 1990s with Spain's
1884:("what we Romanians are and how we stand our ground when confronting history") and the wider
587:
which he presented as a novel. That same year, in autumn, he traveled to the capital city of
5565:
5560:
5545:
5540:
5475:
5465:
5420:
5229:
4778:
4445:
3679:
2624:
2520:
2484:
2459:
2373:
2318:
2158:
1908:
1654:
1588:
1081:
1062:
984:
808:
788:
770:
567:
512:
393:
389:
311:
2723:
2201:
ideologies promoted, within the limits defined by the communist regime, by such figures as
1661:
against "the fascist ideology, with all its abuses." Creţu also notes that the printing of
647:
5530:
5470:
5305:
5147:
5090:
4917:
4873:
4841:
4709:
4649:
4568:
4531:
4452:
4367:
4348:
4277:
4124:
3899:
3880:
3829:
3807:
3775:
3736:
3555:
3472:
3410:
3385:
3323:
3229:
3167:
3084:
3026:
2957:
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2226:
2150:
2117:
2060:
2001:
in metaphors that make it "less shocking." The same overall comparison was made by critic
1889:
1861:
1829:
1602:
1410:
1354:
1223:
era. While Goma was being subjected to an inquiry by the Securitate, Negoiţescu signed an
1118:
1019:
596:
559:
369:
315:
287:
and various other anti-communist outlets, as well as editor of literary magazines for the
210:
5340:
1527:
932:
4341:
5575:
5455:
5445:
5410:
5350:
4602:
Radu Voinescu, "Romanian Erotic Literature", in Gaëtan Brulotte, John Phillips (eds.),
3729:
2673:
2545:
2401:
2326:
2186:
2142:
1998:
1961:
1813:
1784:
1638:
1629:(where Negoiţescu had identified, probably ahead of all other commentators, a level of
1620:
1563:
1349:
published Negoiţescu's articles on authors in and outside Romania (among them Agopian,
1338:
1326:
1281:
1089:
1027:
956:
936:
838:
812:
792:
642:
322:
249:
229:
4866:
4834:
4642:
3873:
3800:
3548:
3465:
3222:
1595:. Negoiţescu's lifelong appreciation of Caragiale's work, specifically his claim that
1426:. During one such encounter, he confessed his fear of dying before completing work on
1256:. The implications of Negoiţescu's arrest also made him the target of interest in the
1113:. Later, when he wanted to revisit France and honor the personal invitation of writer
991:
of his personal items (including his large collection of books, which was assigned to
651:. The Sibiu writers' statement ridiculed the officially encouraged traditionalist and
641:
and drafted by Negoiţescu, the letter stating this position was published by novelist
5640:
5619:
5480:
5440:
5400:
5395:
5355:
5295:
5285:
4668:
4561:
4524:
4080:
2754:
2669:
magazine awards an annual Ion Negoiţescu Prize to contributions by Romanian writers.
2633:
The Gay 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Gay Men and Lesbians, Past and Present
2556:
2512:
2451:
2377:
2369:
2341:
2322:
2267:
2198:
2174:
2121:
2102:
2094:
2042:
2038:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1780:
1402:
1370:
1358:
1257:
1114:
968:
899:
779:
734:
680:
601:
576:
572:
461:
319:
268:
256:
218:
157:
2491:" perspective, was an unclear case. He also believed that theologian and art critic
2303:
review. Negoiţescu had designed a portion of the letter as a lampoon targeting "neo-
2254:, or state claims that the movement had symbolic roots in ancient history, with the
2051:. In one such fragment, he argues, Negoiţescu presents him child self as "a strange
737:, his colleagues had been attracted into cooperation with the increasingly powerful
487:. It was also during that interval that he participated in the establishment of the
5595:
5535:
5460:
5425:
5415:
5380:
5185:
4906:
3019:
2540:
2516:
2381:
2349:
2271:
2056:
1919:
1870:
1666:
1534:
1523:
1423:
1233:
1098:
1077:
919:". In this context, his adversary Paul Georgescu wrote about Negoiţescu's earlier "
916:
866:
784:
766:
722:
684:
622:
563:
456:
417:
397:
377:
359:
280:
214:
138:
130:
5510:
2631:, Ion Negoiţescu was listed in an annex to the Romanian edition of Paul Russell's
886:. His publishing activity at times adapted itself to the exterior requirements of
4342:"Reflectari identitare în pictura şi literatura Ştefan Luchian şi Ion Negoiţescu"
4011:
Călinescu & Vianu, p.360-361, 407-408, 413; Tismăneanu (2005), p.246, 337-338
729:
In 1946, Negoiţescu attempted to create a new venue for the Sibiu authors, named
491:, with other young men who followed Blaga. His colleagues there included Stanca,
5590:
5555:
5520:
5375:
5310:
5017:
4638:
4557:
4520:
4476:
2608:
2476:
2455:
2447:
2345:
2206:
2113:
1989:'s diaries, which nevertheless "remain with the limits of literary decency"; to
1853:
1719:, who theorizes a separation between the Circle's ideology and Negoiţescu's own
1515:
1461:
1309:
1285:
1241:
1224:
1220:
980:
920:
911:
845:
friend Nicolae Balotă also recalled running into Negoițescu at a 1955 party of "
811:'s Cluj section (1950–1952). He was in tandem working on a critical analysis of
758:
652:
626:
555:
484:
432:
343:
303:
122:
63:
5500:
5490:
5390:
5370:
5365:
5095:
5055:
4922:
4714:
4282:
4129:
3780:
3390:
2719:
2706:
2500:
2243:
2210:
1931:
1650:
1207:
976:
870:
827:, who divided his time between writing for communist-aligned journals such as
676:
634:
584:
528:
444:
412:
253:
222:
202:
166:
17:
2285:
The Sibiu Circle's advocacy of Lovinescu's program attested the rejection of
5360:
5315:
5290:
5164:
4676:
4607:
4232:, "Profesorul de la Bloomington: Paradoxal-persuasivul Matei Călinescu", in
3992:
3989:
Outcast Europe: The Balkans, 1789–1989. From the Ottomans to Milošević
2536:
2413:
2409:
2361:
2286:
2270:'s regime, the critic expressed his support for the country's alliance with
2259:
2231:
2011:
1809:
1776:
1767:
1551:
1507:
1216:
1202:
1166:
1125:
952:
903:
803:
Negoiţescu's career fluctuated after the 1947–1948 establishment of a
721:("The Future of Romanian Literature?"), in which he expressed a belief that
688:
668:
588:
276:
264:
260:
233:
43:
3968:
Călinescu & Vianu, p.360-361, 405sqq; Tismăneanu (2005), p.246, 337-338
3415:
Imperfection and Defeat: The Role of Aesthetic Imagination in Human Society
2145:
and the prospect for resuming historical debates, voiced their support for
1571:
to experience a moment of aesthetic beatitude. Whenever he lacked literary
1010:(1965–1967). It was at this stage that he met and befriended fellow critic
1304:. During his brief returns to Romania, he was a target for attacks in the
3885:
3812:
3156:
2665:
2525:
2488:
2480:
2308:
2019:
1649:, described by Ştefănescu as marking Negoiţescu's brief affiliation with
1645:, with which Bacovia had been formally affiliated). Written in parallel,
1473:
1444:
1333:
and several diaspora magazines. He was editor of two literary magazines,
1268:
As a means of avoiding this penalty, Negoiţescu agreed to draft and sign
1174:
862:
547:
5155:
1397:
Recognition of Negoiţescu's contribution in Romania was restored by the
302:
and contributions to literary theory generally stood in contrast to the
5172:
2572:
2255:
2077:
2064:
1511:
1297:
1143:
940:
656:
448:
199:
87:
2116:
pieces (as diaries of fictional characters named Paul and Damian) and
4781:, "La Résistance des écrivains roumains—solitaire ou solidaire?", in
4035:" 'E foarte greu să-ţi asumi duplicitatea'. Interviu cu Gelu Ionescu"
3379:"Petru Romoşan, turnătorul lui Horia Bernea şi al lui Ion Negoiţescu"
2588:
Negoiţescu's contribution left a mark on the cultural environment of
2251:
2097:. The interval is explained by the memoirist as being related to his
2068:
1916:
1658:
1630:
1613:
1572:
1322:
819:("Eminescu's Poetry"), completed around 1953 but rejected by the new
697:
396:. It was as a high school student that he first met poet and thinker
292:
191:
142:
134:
83:
1321:
In 1983, Negoiţescu decided to formalize his defection, settling in
873:
secret police. In 1955, he was also present at the burial of writer
408:'s Letters and Philosophy Department, where he studied under Blaga.
4835:"Lovinescu şi Tabla de valori a modernităţii româneşti interbelice"
2360:
Commentators have often contrasted Negoiţescu's public support for
1460:("The Hour of Mirrors", 1997); and his collected letters to critic
3890:
3822:
2722:
delator was asserted on the basis of archive material kept by the
2696:, and partly republished by his son, researcher Ştefăniţă Regman.
2677:
2575:
had come to lose their importance, and called for a reevaluation.
1519:
1384:
1292:("A Novel in Letters"), in 1978, and the collected essays volume
566:
camp, objecting to both the Iron Guard and its partner-rival, the
476:
126:
4867:"Despre canon, critică şi revizuiri: o recapitulare lovinesciană"
1641:(compared by Negoiţescu to the overall artistic standards of the
416:
gay men of 20th century Romania, did not deny it in front of the
205:, which he later came to regret, the author became a disciple of
5116:"Atât de departe... atât de aproape... (Literatura română—între
749:, granted him its Young Writers prize for the manuscript volume
213:, and, by 1943, rallied the entire Sibiu Circle to the cause of
5246:
1892:. The final version was also a statement against the tenets of
1369:, a United States-based magazine founded by poet and dissident
2289:
ideals. While acknowledging that the political context of the
1783:
equivalent of a physical affair. He writes: "Nobody, not even
1732:
traits that were not also spread among similar civilizations.
1330:
1325:. He became a contributor to Radio Free Europe, as well as to
1173:
for a long period, after having swallowed a large quantity of
692:
4798:"Paul Goma vu par... Virgil Tănase", in Bernard Camboulives,
4154:, "Din contextele unui verb securistic: a colabora (II)", in
2714:
contributed an article in which the claim according to which
2108:
Negoiţescu's other late contribution to the memoir genre was
795:'s poetic style had been rejected by the Institut examiners.
5144:
Arte poetice ale secolului XX: ipostaze româneşti şi străine
687:
venues, Negoiţescu found himself explicitly described as a "
535:. At the time, Negoiţescu was also acquainted with linguist
275:, but was pressured into retracting. Eventually, Negoiţescu
4671:, Judith Keegan Gardiner, Bob Pease, Keith Pringle (eds.),
2404:, that is desperately little..." While political scientist
1300:, West Germany, and lectured in Romanian literature at the
236:
stance and sexual orientation made him an adversary of the
3920:
Călinescu & Vianu, p.345; Tismăneanu (2005), p.337-338
1276:, Negoiţescu himself was forced by the regime to accept a
975:
field, is also seen by some as a late ramification in the
890:
and the communist ideology, such as in a 1957 article for
621:
On 13 March 1943, at a time when Romania had rallied with
346:, Negoiţescu was the son of Ioan, a career officer in the
3601:
3466:"Tînărul Ion Negoiţescu: devenirea unui mare critic (II)"
713:, Ion Negoiţescu also became editor of the newly founded
314:, and engaged it polemically by advocating the values of
3223:"Tînărul Ion Negoiţescu: devenirea unui mare critic (I)"
4643:"Istoria critică şi capriciile memoriei canonice (III)"
4360:
1084:, who was by then noted as a literary reviewer for the
943:
critics" to react against this phenomenon); as well as
248:. Ultimately reinstated during a late 1960s episode of
4525:"Istoria critică şi capriciile memoriei canonice (II)"
1693:, the critic found the tragic figure of Euphorion (in
971:, and was eventually released through a 1964 amnesty.
823:. He had befriended the younger journalist and author
4562:"Istoria critică şi capriciile memoriei canonice (I)"
4118:"Scandalul Romoşan: 'Am fost o ţintă a Securităţii' "
1907:, and included a hypothesis that the erotic poems of
683:". Among the accusations launched by the fascist and
4271:"Cultura română între comunism şi naţionalism (VII)"
5604:
5333:
5278:
4703:"Cultura română între comunism şi naţionalism (II)"
4673:
International Encyclopedia of Men and Masculinities
4667:Michaela Mudure, "East European Masculinities", in
1703:, was defined by Negoiţescu himself in terms of an
354:Cotuţiu. His maternal grandfather, a member of the
148:
118:
110:
102:
94:
73:
50:
34:
2499:, "carried the germ inside him when he proclaimed
959:. The same year, Negoițescu was excluded from the
865:work by Balotă, which the latter had discarded in
633:and for rejecting the application of ideological
3911:Călinescu & Vianu, p.341, 345, 361, 362, 406
5009:"Premiul 'Ion Negoiţescu', decernat de revista
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3278:
3276:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
2535:, focusing on the return to popularity of some
1456:("Contemporary Writers"); the diary and memoir
709:deposed Antonescu and aligned Romania with the
675:notably stated that the young men "should have
5058:, August 2, 2009; retrieved September 28, 2009
4802:, Éditions le Manuscrit, Paris, 2005, p.330.
4262:
4260:
4258:
4256:
3955:
3953:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
2446:group of philosophers, academics and writers:
1803:
1679:literary manifesto. Placing his references in
1633:running underneath the formal borrowings from
1542:recalled being "fascinated" by "his vigorous '
1147:
1137:
5273:Romanian modernist literature in World War II
5258:
4774:
4772:
4694:
4692:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3367:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2645:De la "elanul juvenil" la "visatul Euphorion"
1795:, who regarded this approach as exclusivist.
1653:, romanticizes the life of Mexican film star
1476:to Ştefan Aug Doinaş", Editura Dacia, 1997).
1014:, who later recounted how, as an employee of
1000:Liberalization years and return to literature
773:(later a self-exiled critic and journalist).
439:Fascist episode and the Sibiu Literary Circle
8:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5027:
4899:
4897:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3454:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3282:Adriana Stan, "Iubirea 'prin simţuri' ", in
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2616:founded and edited the Sibiu-based magazine
2128:Civil society activism and political thought
894:, where he reviewed Papadat-Bengescu's play
5817:Academic staff of the University of Münster
4109:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4099:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3078:"Cerchiştii înainte de coborârea în Infern"
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2700:Securitate archives and related controversy
2391:According to critic and literary historian
2230:"aestheticism", "individualism" and "quasi-
2165:), alongside the disillusioned or reformed
915:daily, singled him out for having adopted "
479:. As a contributor to the student magazine
380:fragments published in the local newspaper
5265:
5251:
5243:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5064:
4911:"Laignel-Lavastine: metoda 'franceză' (I)"
4446:"Care e cea mai proastă carte românească?"
4416:
4414:
4246:
4244:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4085:"Petre, Petre, pentru ce ne tromboneşti?!"
4055:
4053:
4051:
4049:
3792:
3790:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3597:Ion D. Sîrbu - inedit: Alt roman epistolar
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3157:"Book Review. From the Library of ACCEPT.
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2495:, whose career was related to that of the
1054:, a cultural periodical edited by Doinaş.
1030:episode which coincided with the start of
841:effectively terminated Ţoiu's employment.
599:, the doyen of a literary circle known as
583:("The Sad Story of Ramon Ocg"), a lengthy
404:in 1940, and subsequently enlisted at the
42:
31:
4469:
4467:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4323:
3862:
3860:
3246:
3244:
2745:, the newly appointed editor in chief of
27:Romanian writer and historian (1921–1993)
4934:
4932:
4762:
4760:
4395:
4393:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
3801:"Constantin Țoiu și poetica amintirilor"
2637:100 Cele mai influente personalităţi gay
1185:("Poems by Baldwin of Tyaormin", 1969),
5767:Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church
4589:
4587:
4585:
4583:
3317:"Gay & Lesbian. Oameni de altădată"
2785:
2063:'s "decadent greatness" and an area of
935:(who held Negoițescu and his colleague
5827:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty people
3769:"Moment revoluţionar în eminescologie"
769:, and befriended Lovinescu's daughter
5084:"Despre vinovăţie, eroism şi prostie"
3947:Călinescu & Vianu, p.342-343, 346
2408:attributes to Goma and Negoiţescu's "
1550:." A similar verdict was provided by
1205:politics. That year, inspired by the
1169:, Negoiţescu was hospitalized in the
799:Communist censorship and imprisonment
705:In early 1945, some months after the
181:
7:
4610:, New York & Abingdon, p.1128.
3846:"Călătorie prin meandrele amintirii"
1470:De la Dosoftei la Ştefan Aug. Doinaş
659:and anti-modernist themes it called
217:. He was also one of the few openly
194:, one of the leading members of the
3730:"Negoiţescu ameninţat cu evacuarea"
2120:homages to French modernist author
1758:("The Life of Mihai Eminescu") and
451:movement which would establish the
283:, where he became a contributor to
5792:Prisoners and detainees of Romania
5044:"Debutul lui Cornel Nistorescu la
4191:"Ion Negoiţescu - vocea şi textul"
3816:, Nr. 10/2005, republished by the
1189:("Death of an Accountant", 1972),
877:, who had been one of the leading
777:Circle members such as Doinaş and
691:", "traitor" and "hireling of the
25:
5787:People detained by the Securitate
4604:Encyclopedia of Erotic Literature
4494:Călinescu & Vianu, p.345, 406
3419:Central European University Press
3341:Călinescu & Vianu, p.344, 360
2551:forces, in particular the ruling
1308:press, led at the time by writer
898:("The Old Man") exclusively as a
228:After World War II, Negoiţescu's
221:intellectuals in Romania to have
5762:LGBT Eastern Orthodox Christians
5667:20th-century Romanian memoirists
5324:
4736:Călinescu & Vianu, p.343-344
4503:Călinescu & Vianu, p.345-346
4429:Călinescu & Vianu, p.405-406
3959:Călinescu & Vianu, p.406-407
3549:"De la cerchism la euphorionism"
3020:"Rătăcirile elevului Negoiţescu"
2137:According to literary historian
1375:National Endowment for Democracy
5782:Romanian people of World War II
5687:20th-century Romanian novelists
4169:Călinescu & Vianu, p.413sqq
1873:a prominent entry in the book.
1647:Povestea tristă a lui Ramon Ocg
1252:, at the time a student at the
1183:Poemele lui Balduin de Tyaormin
869:while pursued by agents of the
679:inscribed with a whip on their
581:Povestea tristă a lui Ramon Ocg
562:. He had slowly moved into the
5837:Victims of human rights abuses
5772:Babeș-Bolyai University alumni
4783:L'Autre Europe, 17-18-19. 1988
4479:, "Cine a fost Eminescu?", in
4361:Center for Imagination Studies
2741:The scandal was enhanced when
467:In autumn 1940, following the
310:recourse to traditionalism or
1:
5812:Romanian emigrants to Germany
5042:Camelia Moga, George Florea,
3889:, Nr. 2/2006 (republished by
1038:("Modern Writers", 1966) and
554:, and with the main works of
483:, he met and befriended poet
5847:Romanian democracy activists
5682:Romanian literary historians
4745:Călinescu & Vianu, p.360
4420:Călinescu & Vianu, p.406
4408:Călinescu & Vianu, p.362
4059:Călinescu & Vianu, p.361
3938:Călinescu & Vianu, p.341
3929:Călinescu & Vianu, p.345
3874:"Un tăcut semn de întrebare"
3622:Călinescu & Vianu, p.342
3250:Călinescu & Vianu, p.343
2736:People's Republic of Hungary
2297:with the early 20th century
1876:One of the main purposes of
1729:Viitorul literaturii române?
1391:Cluj-Napoca Central Cemetery
1171:Bucharest Emergency Hospital
1132:("Critical Records", 1970),
719:Viitorul literaturii române?
637:. Signed with the pseudonym
570:general and newly appointed
271:protest against the rule of
244:, he spent three years as a
183:[iˈonneɡo.iˈt͡sesku]
5707:Romanian surrealist writers
5697:20th-century Romanian poets
5207:Stalinism pentru eternitate
5169:Amintiri în dialog. Memorii
5136:, Nr. 1/2007, p. 87-92
3818:Romanian Cultural Institute
3604:; retrieved October 8, 2009
2594:complicity in the Holocaust
1197:Goma movement and defection
298:Ion Negoiţescu's review of
5873:
5722:Romanian magazine founders
4679:, Abingdon, 2007, p.157.
3421:, Budapest, 2006, p.142.
2569:three-year-long transition
2479:and to its preference for
2386:Workers' Defense Committee
2059:as both a prolongation of
2048:Remembrance of Things Past
1952:Negoiţescu's main memoir,
1878:Istoria literaturii române
1799:Istoria literaturii române
1789:Schopenhauerian aesthetics
1741:Istoria literaturii române
1685:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1415:Istoria literaturii române
888:Romanian Socialist Realism
875:Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu
747:Editura Fundaţiilor Regale
5777:Members of the Iron Guard
5717:Romanian magazine editors
5677:Romanian literary critics
5322:
4116:Răzvan Mihai Vintilescu,
2655:in 2009, being edited by
2623:Together with art critic
2075:on the same table as the
1973:and anti-erotic nature."
1612:a sample of "pretentious
1442:("Guarding the Dragons",
993:Editura pentru literatură
861:("The Blue Notebook"), a
238:Romanian communist regime
41:
5852:Inmates of Jilava Prison
5732:Writers from Cluj-Napoca
5209:, Polirom, Iaşi, 2005.
5192:, Polirom, Iaşi, 2004.
4818:Tismăneanu (2005), p.246
3995:, London, 2001, p.153.
2553:National Salvation Front
2307:", whom he portrayed as
2264:National Legionary State
2167:Romanian Communist Party
1979:Miron Radu Paraschivescu
1756:Viaţa lui Mihai Eminescu
1705:Apollonian and Dionysian
1232:, an anti-communist and
1213:Communist Czechoslovakia
1193:("Private Life", 1977).
979:targeting intellectuals
739:Romanian Communist Party
715:Revista Cercului Literar
579:. In 1941, he published
420:cultural establishment (
362:, had taken part in the
350:, and his wife Lucreţia
291:communities. He died in
5832:Mihai Eminescu scholars
5747:Romanian LGBT novelists
5692:Romanian male novelists
5657:Romanian male essayists
4718:, Nr. 660, October 2002
4357:Babeş-Bolyai University
4355:, Vol. 2, 2002, at the
3602:Memoria Digital Library
2356:Opposition to communism
2352:-controlled territory.
2248:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
2133:General characteristics
1997:novel, which discusses
1643:local Symbolist circles
1278:marriage of convenience
1265:as a political weapon.
1254:University of Bucharest
743:Despre mască şi mişcare
179:Romanian pronunciation:
5662:20th-century essayists
5133:Philologica Jassyensia
4800:La Roumanie littéraire
3784:, Nr. 649, August 2002
3675:"Păcatele tinereţilor"
3631:Balotă, p.201, 212-213
3613:Balotă, p.197-198, 200
2418:Scriitori contemporani
2312:they still curse, the
1924:Scriitori contemporani
1804:
1725:Ştefan Augustin Doinaş
1637:) and on the poems of
1480:Literary contributions
1454:Scriitori contemporani
1407:În cunoştinţă de cauză
1394:
1393:, containing his ashes
1389:Memorial grave in the
1373:with support from the
1294:Alte însemnări critice
1263:involuntary commitment
1148:
1138:
853:and classical pianist
805:local communist regime
507:. They were joined by
497:Ştefan Augustin Doinaş
424:LGBT rights in Romania
106:critic, poet, novelist
5802:Censorship in Romania
5727:Romanian anthologists
5626:Sibiu Literary Circle
4996:, Nr. 24, August 2000
2627:and writer-filmmaker
2372:, was paraphrased by
1598:Craii de Curtea-Veche
1466:Dialoguri după tăcere
1388:
1381:Final years and death
1335:Caietul de Literatură
1302:University of Münster
1187:Moartea unui contabil
489:Sibiu Literary Circle
473:Northern Transylvania
259:. In 1977, he joined
196:Sibiu Literary Circle
163:Sibiu Literary Circle
5737:Romanian gay writers
5150:, Bucharest, 1976.
4926:, Nr. 642, July 2002
4789:, Paris, 1987, p.248
4286:, Nr. 692, June 2003
4043:, Nr. 326, June 2006
3177:, No. 29, March 2000
3155:Adrian Newell-Păun,
2728:anti-social behavior
2276:Operation Barbarossa
2022:", "Dionysian" and "
1608:. Mihăieş described
1566:". Likewise, writer
1533:Novelist and critic
1500:Percy Bysshe Shelley
1401:. As early as 1990,
1236:-based corporation.
1215:, Romanian novelist
1111:Paul Niculescu-Mizil
902:social critique of "
821:censorship apparatus
755:Romanian oil company
595:critic and theorist
374:Romanian Old Kingdom
348:Romanian Land Forces
5797:Romanian dissidents
5742:Romanian LGBT poets
5712:Romanian librarians
5702:Romanian male poets
5203:Vladimir Tismăneanu
5190:Plicuri şi scrisori
4993:Observator Cultural
4230:Vladimir Tismăneanu
4196:Observator Cultural
4040:Observator Cultural
3799:Ioana Macrea-Toma,
3683:, December 12, 2008
3478:Convorbiri Literare
3235:Convorbiri Literare
2963:Convorbiri Literare
2753:authors, including
2641:Editura Paralela 45
2406:Vladimir Tismăneanu
2338:Ion Dezideriu Sîrbu
2291:Second Vienna Award
2183:Ovid Crohmălniceanu
2163:Alexandru Paleologu
2035:Poezia lui Eminescu
1983:Jurnalul unui cobai
1838:Sebastian Reichmann
1748:Poezia lui Eminescu
1737:Poezia lui Eminescu
1715:Literary historian
1445:Biblioteca Apostrof
1040:Poezia lui Eminescu
969:Jilava penitentiary
949:liberal objectivism
855:Alexandru Demetriad
817:Poezia lui Eminescu
521:Ion Dezideriu Sîrbu
469:Second Vienna Award
429:clinical depression
300:Romanian literature
240:. Marginalized and
5807:Romanian defectors
5672:Romanian essayists
5128:University of Iaşi
5089:2009-09-13 at the
4970:Excelsior cultural
4916:2013-10-29 at the
4872:2011-07-19 at the
4840:2008-02-23 at the
4708:2011-04-27 at the
4648:2011-07-19 at the
4567:2011-07-19 at the
4530:2011-07-19 at the
4451:2009-09-03 at the
4366:2009-04-29 at the
4347:2011-10-01 at the
4276:2012-02-20 at the
4123:2010-01-04 at the
4090:Academia Caţavencu
3898:2011-09-02 at the
3879:2012-03-03 at the
3828:2011-09-02 at the
3806:2012-02-18 at the
3774:2012-02-20 at the
3735:2012-02-26 at the
3728:Ştefăniţă Regman,
3554:2012-02-26 at the
3471:2009-03-08 at the
3384:2010-04-16 at the
3332:, February 1, 2008
3329:Time Out Bucharest
3322:2011-07-16 at the
3228:2009-03-07 at the
3166:2012-02-24 at the
3161:by Ion Negoiţescu"
3083:2012-03-11 at the
3076:Ştefăniţă Regman,
3025:2012-02-26 at the
2956:2009-03-08 at the
2565:Kingdom of Romania
2493:Nicolae Steinhardt
2380:projects of other
2266:was replaced with
2195:ethnic nationalist
1898:Western literature
1894:national communism
1681:German Romanticism
1663:Povestea tristă...
1395:
1351:Bedros Horasangian
1306:national communist
1290:Un roman epistolar
1158:Analize şi sinteze
965:political prisoner
763:Institut de France
655:literature, whose
453:National Legionary
447:, a revolutionary
308:national communist
246:political prisoner
5634:
5633:
5231:Straja dragonilor
5080:Cornel Nistorescu
5021:, October 5, 2002
4947:Manea, p.168, 169
4831:Nicolae Manolescu
4378:Balotă, p.199-200
4152:Dan C. Mihăilescu
4093:, August 12, 2009
3892:România Culturală
3823:România Culturală
3765:Mircea Iorgulescu
3499:Balotă, p.195-213
3427:978-963-7326-57-8
3159:Straja dragonilor
2775:Dan C. Mihăilescu
2743:Cornel Nistorescu
2649:Straja dragonilor
2561:liberal democracy
2533:post-1989 Romania
2509:Nicolae Ceauşescu
2472:Straja dragonilor
2468:Mircea Vulcănescu
2426:Nicolae Ceauşescu
2191:Silvian Iosifescu
2090:Straja dragonilor
2083:Straja dragonilor
2031:Straja dragonilor
2007:Straja dragonilor
1991:Mircea Cărtărescu
1954:Straja dragonilor
1943:Straja dragonilor
1936:Northern Bukovina
1928:Romanian diaspora
1922:. The postscript
1905:erotic literature
1793:Nicolae Manolescu
1752:Mircea Iorgulescu
1485:Style and context
1440:Straja dragonilor
1428:Straja dragonilor
1419:reunified Germany
1270:Despre patriotism
1230:Radio Free Europe
1191:Viaţa particulară
1146:'s Lamp", 1971),
1130:Însemnări critice
1095:Nicolae Manolescu
1086:Romanian diaspora
1036:Scriitori moderni
1032:Nicolae Ceauşescu
945:Mihail Petroveanu
631:liberal democracy
613:Anti-fascism and
552:German philosophy
517:Ioanichie Olteanu
356:Romanian Orthodox
289:Romanian diaspora
285:Radio Free Europe
273:Nicolae Ceauşescu
172:
171:
149:Literary movement
16:(Redirected from
5864:
5328:
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5260:
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5078:
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4779:Monica Lovinesco
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4754:Manea, p.168-169
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4727:Manea, p.165-166
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4208:Manea, p.168-173
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3680:Ziarul Financiar
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3592:Cornel Ungureanu
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3490:Manea, p.167-168
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3032:România Literară
3016:Ioana Pârvulescu
3014:
3010:
2967:
2951:"Ion Negoiţescu"
2947:Alex. Ştefănescu
2945:
2941:
2661:Ioana Pârvulescu
2659:and prefaced by
2625:Petru Comarnescu
2590:post-1989 period
2521:anti-Europeanism
2485:crowd psychology
2470:and others. His
2460:Constantin Noica
2374:Monica Lovinescu
2238:1940s transition
2081:." A section of
2003:Ioana Pârvulescu
1987:Livius Ciocârlie
1962:Eastern European
1960:" literature of
1915:, a work by the
1909:Costache Conachi
1882:Romanian culture
1807:
1805:Lampa lui Aladin
1635:Honoré de Balzac
1589:Mateiu Caragiale
1579:Early works and
1548:Romanian culture
1491:Alex. Ştefănescu
1413:in 1991. Titled
1363:Dumitru Ţepeneag
1162:Lampa lui Aladin
1151:
1141:
1139:Lampa lui Aladin
1082:Monica Lovinescu
1073:Viaţa Românească
1063:Marxist-Leninist
985:Constantin Noica
859:Caietul albastru
849:", where writer
809:Romanian Academy
789:Vladimir Streinu
783:affiliates like
639:Damian Silvestru
607:George Călinescu
539:and philosopher
394:Mateiu Caragiale
388:, analyzing the
370:Austro-Hungarian
312:anti-Europeanism
186:; also known as
185:
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98:Damian Silvestru
80:
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5175:, Iaşi, 2005.
5161:Matei Călinescu
5148:Editura Minerva
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3411:Virgil Nemoianu
3409:
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3394:, July 30, 2009
3386:Wayback Machine
3375:Mirela Corlăţan
3371:
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2943:
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2712:Mirela Corlăţan
2702:
2651:saw print with
2586:
2581:
2438:
2384:countries (the
2358:
2278:and war on the
2240:
2151:cosmopolitanism
2135:
2130:
2099:identity crisis
2073:Ischler cookies
2061:Austria-Hungary
1950:
1890:Western context
1858:impressionistic
1830:Virgil Nemoianu
1822:Mircea Ivănescu
1764:Studii literare
1744:
1696:Faust: Part Two
1585:
1540:Matei Călinescu
1487:
1482:
1411:Editura Minerva
1399:1989 Revolution
1383:
1355:Mircea Nedelciu
1199:
1119:Calea Victoriei
1020:Virgil Nemoianu
1016:Gazeta Literară
1012:Matei Călinescu
1002:
925:Gazeta Literară
851:Mihai Rădulescu
835:Gazeta Literară
830:Gazeta Literară
825:Constantin Țoiu
801:
619:
597:Eugen Lovinescu
560:Mircea Streinul
537:Ştefan Bezdechi
481:Curţile Dorului
441:
406:Cluj University
382:Naţiunea Română
368:movement under
340:
335:
316:Western culture
211:Eugen Lovinescu
178:
82:
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77:6 February 1993
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5221:External links
5219:
5218:
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5200:
5183:
5158:
5140:Nicolae Balotă
5137:
5114:Mihaela Albu,
5107:
5104:
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4482:Idei în Dialog
4463:
4442:Mircea Mihăieş
4431:
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4380:
4371:
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4235:Idei în Dialog
4219:
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4187:Adina Diniţoiu
4171:
4162:
4157:Idei în Dialog
4135:
4095:
4077:Ştefan Agopian
4061:
4045:
4031:Ovidiu Şimonca
4013:
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3844:Mariana Criș,
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2771:Ştefan Agopian
2763:foreign bureau
2732:Writers' Union
2701:
2698:
2674:Emil Hurezeanu
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2546:post-communist
2437:
2434:
2402:Nicolae Breban
2357:
2354:
2350:Western Allied
2239:
2236:
2219:Dan Zamfirescu
2215:Mihai Ungheanu
2187:Paul Georgescu
2143:liberalization
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2110:Ora oglinzilor
1999:transsexualism
1949:
1947:Ora oglinzilor
1940:
1814:Mircea Ciobanu
1785:Veronica Micle
1743:
1734:
1639:George Bacovia
1626:Enigma Otiliei
1621:deconstruction
1606:Mircea Mihăieş
1584:
1577:
1564:autosuggestion
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1458:Ora oglinzilor
1405:published his
1382:
1379:
1339:Bad Ditzenbach
1327:Deutsche Welle
1282:Western Europe
1274:Ştefan Agopian
1198:
1195:
1107:Ileana Vrancea
1103:Mihai Ungheanu
1090:anti-communist
1028:liberalization
1026:). During the
1001:
998:
961:Writers' Union
957:Titu Maiorescu
937:Alexandru Piru
927:contributors:
839:Paul Georgescu
813:Mihai Eminescu
800:
797:
643:Liviu Rebreanu
618:
611:
493:Nicolae Balotă
471:which granted
440:
437:
339:
336:
334:
331:
323:Mihai Eminescu
250:liberalization
230:anti-communism
175:Ion Negoiţescu
170:
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75:
71:
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61:10 August 1921
52:
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39:
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36:Ion Negoiţescu
35:
26:
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18:Ion Negoitescu
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10:
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5842:Anti-fascists
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5760:
5758:
5757:Gay novelists
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5506:Paraschivescu
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5332:
5327:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5268:
5263:
5261:
5256:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5238:
5234:
5232:
5227:(in Romanian)
5225:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5215:973-681-899-3
5212:
5208:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5198:973-681-787-3
5195:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5181:973-681-832-2
5178:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5112:(in Romanian)
5110:
5109:
5105:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5077:(in Romanian)
5073:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5040:(in Romanian)
5036:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5012:
5006:(in Romanian)
5002:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4957:(in Romanian)
4953:
4950:
4944:
4941:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4924:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4904:(in Romanian)
4900:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4863:Ioan Stanomir
4860:(in Romanian)
4856:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4828:(in Romanian)
4824:
4821:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4808:2-7481-6120-3
4805:
4801:
4795:
4792:
4788:
4787:L'Age d'Homme
4784:
4780:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4751:
4748:
4742:
4739:
4733:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4699:Mircea Martin
4695:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4685:0-203-41306-7
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4669:Michael Flood
4664:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4636:(in Romanian)
4632:
4629:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4616:1-57958-441-1
4613:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4555:(in Romanian)
4551:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4518:(in Romanian)
4514:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4500:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4474:(in Romanian)
4470:
4468:
4464:
4461:, Nr. 31/2009
4460:
4459:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4439:(in Romanian)
4435:
4432:
4426:
4423:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4338:(in Romanian)
4334:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4317:Albu, p.90-91
4314:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4267:Mircea Martin
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4250:Albu, p.87-88
4247:
4245:
4241:
4238:, August 2009
4237:
4236:
4231:
4227:(in Romanian)
4223:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4199:, Nr. 26/2000
4198:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4184:(in Romanian)
4180:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4114:(in Romanian)
4110:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4081:Ioan T. Morar
4078:
4074:(in Romanian)
4070:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4028:(in Romanian)
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4005:
4002:
4001:0-415-27089-8
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3985:Tom Gallagher
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3917:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3867:(in Romanian)
3863:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:(in Romanian)
3838:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3797:(in Romanian)
3793:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3762:(in Romanian)
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3726:(in Romanian)
3722:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3671:Andrei Terian
3668:(in Romanian)
3664:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3589:(in Romanian)
3585:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3564:, Nr. 20/2008
3563:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3542:(in Romanian)
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3459:(in Romanian)
3455:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3372:(in Romanian)
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3315:Mihai Iancu,
3313:(in Romanian)
3309:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3216:(in Romanian)
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3093:, Nr. 23/2007
3092:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3074:(in Romanian)
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3035:, Nr. 24/2002
3034:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3013:(in Romanian)
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2944:(in Romanian)
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2767:Adina Kenereş
2764:
2758:
2756:
2755:Ioan T. Morar
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2716:Petru Romoşan
2713:
2709:
2708:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2694:Cornel Regman
2691:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2557:Silviu Brucan
2554:
2550:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2513:Western world
2510:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:Mircea Eliade
2449:
2445:
2444:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2397:Virgil Tănase
2394:
2389:
2388:among them).
2387:
2383:
2379:
2378:civil society
2375:
2371:
2370:Dorin Tudoran
2367:
2366:Tom Gallagher
2363:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2342:communization
2339:
2335:
2334:Deliu Petroiu
2330:
2328:
2324:
2323:Octavian Goga
2320:
2319:George Coşbuc
2315:
2310:
2306:
2305:Sămănătorists
2302:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2280:Eastern Front
2277:
2273:
2269:
2268:Ion Antonescu
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2199:protochronist
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2159:Ovidiu Cotruş
2156:
2155:Adrian Marino
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2139:Mircea Martin
2132:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2114:autofictional
2111:
2106:
2104:
2103:individualism
2100:
2096:
2095:Nicolae Iorga
2091:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2071:echoes, "the
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2043:Marcel Proust
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:exhibitionism
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1850:Tudor Vasiliu
1847:
1846:Daniel Turcea
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1818:Florin Gabrea
1815:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:Ilina Gregori
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1655:Ramón Novarro
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1568:Andrei Terian
1565:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1528:accursed poet
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:Editura Dacia
1400:
1392:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1371:Dorin Tudoran
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:Radu Petrescu
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1259:
1258:Western world
1255:
1251:
1250:Marian Dopcea
1247:
1246:Petru Romoşan
1243:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1115:Jacques Borel
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
999:
997:
994:
990:
989:expropriation
986:
982:
978:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
842:
840:
836:
832:
831:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
798:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
781:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
735:Romanian Army
732:
727:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
700:
699:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
616:
612:
610:
608:
604:
603:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:Ion Antonescu
575:
574:
569:
568:authoritarian
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
533:Ovidiu Drimba
530:
526:
525:Deliu Petroiu
522:
518:
514:
513:Ovidiu Cotruş
510:
506:
505:Eugen Todoran
502:
501:Cornel Regman
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
462:individualism
458:
454:
450:
446:
438:
436:
434:
430:
426:
425:
419:
414:
409:
407:
403:
402:Baccalaureate
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
337:
332:
330:
328:
327:Petru Romoşan
324:
321:
320:national poet
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:civil society
266:
262:
258:
257:secret police
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
201:
197:
193:
189:
184:
176:
168:
164:
160:
159:
154:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
76:
72:
69:
65:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
5618:
5611:
5495:
5476:M. Lovinescu
5306:E. Lovinescu
5230:
5206:
5189:
5186:Norman Manea
5168:
5143:
5132:
5121:
5117:
5094:
5049:
5045:
5016:
5010:
5001:
4991:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4952:
4943:
4938:Manea, p.171
4921:
4907:Marta Petreu
4887:
4877:
4855:
4845:
4823:
4814:
4799:
4794:
4782:
4766:Manea, p.169
4750:
4741:
4732:
4723:
4713:
4672:
4663:
4653:
4631:
4622:
4603:
4598:
4572:
4535:
4499:
4490:
4480:
4456:
4434:
4425:
4404:
4399:Manea, p.167
4387:Manea, p.165
4383:
4374:
4352:
4313:
4308:Manea, p.168
4281:
4233:
4222:
4217:Manea, p.170
4213:
4204:
4194:
4165:
4155:
4128:
4088:
4038:
4007:
3988:
3964:
3943:
3934:
3925:
3916:
3907:
3891:
3884:
3870:Sanda Cordoş
3854:, Nr. 2/2008
3849:
3837:
3821:
3811:
3779:
3745:, Nr. 6/2008
3740:
3678:
3627:
3618:
3609:
3596:
3559:
3495:
3486:
3476:
3462:Bogdan Creţu
3414:
3389:
3337:
3327:
3283:
3233:
3219:Bogdan Creţu
3174:
3158:
3088:
3030:
2961:
2759:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2705:
2703:
2687:
2681:
2671:
2664:
2648:
2644:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2617:
2614:Iustin Panta
2605:Euphorionism
2604:
2598:
2587:
2541:Marta Petreu
2530:
2517:isolationism
2506:
2496:
2471:
2441:
2439:
2436:Other causes
2429:
2422:
2417:
2393:Gelu Ionescu
2390:
2382:Eastern Bloc
2359:
2331:
2313:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2272:Nazi Germany
2262:. After the
2241:
2227:totalitarian
2223:
2136:
2118:intertextual
2109:
2107:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2057:Transylvania
2046:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2006:
2005:, who found
1994:
1982:
1975:
1958:androcentric
1953:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1923:
1920:Alexis Piron
1913:Ode à Priape
1912:
1902:
1877:
1875:
1871:Dinu Nicodin
1866:
1798:
1797:
1763:
1755:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1721:Euphorionism
1720:
1714:
1701:Euphorionism
1700:
1694:
1688:
1672:
1671:
1667:paramilitary
1662:
1646:
1624:
1618:
1609:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1560:
1535:Norman Manea
1532:
1524:aestheticism
1503:
1495:Bogdan Creţu
1488:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1427:
1424:Marta Petreu
1414:
1406:
1396:
1366:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1320:
1313:
1293:
1289:
1286:scholarships
1269:
1267:
1238:
1211:movement in
1206:
1200:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1161:
1157:
1134:E. Lovinescu
1133:
1129:
1123:
1099:Eugen Simion
1078:Iron Curtain
1071:
1067:
1058:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1015:
1005:
1003:
973:
933:Mihai Gafița
924:
917:aestheticism
910:
908:
895:
891:
883:
878:
867:Gara de Nord
858:
843:
834:
828:
816:
802:
785:Felix Aderca
778:
775:
767:Dinu Nicodin
759:scholarships
751:Poeţi români
750:
742:
730:
728:
723:urbanization
718:
714:
704:
696:
672:
664:
660:
646:
645:'s magazine
638:
623:Nazi Germany
620:
614:
600:
580:
571:
564:anti-fascist
545:
509:Victor Iancu
480:
466:
457:paramilitary
442:
421:
418:conservative
410:
398:Lucian Blaga
385:
381:
378:lyric poetry
363:
360:Transylvania
351:
341:
297:
281:West Germany
227:
215:anti-fascism
187:
174:
173:
156:
139:prose poetry
131:lyric poetry
79:(1993-02-06)
29:
5652:1993 deaths
5647:1921 births
5124:în Europa)"
4639:Paul Cernat
4558:Paul Cernat
4521:Paul Cernat
4477:Sami Damian
2718:had been a
2710:journalist
2629:Petre Sirin
2609:Paul Cernat
2477:rationalism
2464:Petre Ţuţea
2456:Nae Ionescu
2448:Emil Cioran
2346:Arad County
2327:Aron Cotruş
2300:Sămănătorul
2207:Eugen Barbu
2203:Paul Anghel
2179:Paul Cornea
2171:Savin Bratu
2169:militants (
2147:Europeanism
1971:masochistic
1854:Paul Cernat
1842:Sorin Titel
1826:Marin Mincu
1768:androgynous
1556:histrionism
1508:androgynous
1462:Sami Damian
1310:Eugen Barbu
1242:Article 200
1234:West German
1225:open letter
1221:July Theses
981:Dinu Pillat
929:Savin Bratu
921:reactionary
906:" society.
900:progressive
793:Paul Valéry
707:King's Coup
685:antisemitic
653:nationalist
627:Axis Powers
591:, visiting
556:Romanticism
541:Petre Ţuţea
485:Radu Stanca
433:self-hatred
304:nationalist
123:autofiction
5822:BBC people
5641:Categories
5620:Sburătorul
5571:Teodorescu
5516:Petrașincu
5496:Negoițescu
5446:Dumitrescu
5406:Cioculescu
5296:Brunea-Fox
5233:(fragment)
5106:References
5096:Cotidianul
5056:Hotnews.ro
5050:Cotidianul
5046:Cotidianul
4974:Discobolul
4923:Revista 22
4891:Albu, p.88
4715:Revista 22
4626:Albu, p.91
4593:Albu, p.90
4283:Revista 22
4130:Cotidianul
3851:Luceafărul
3781:Revista 22
3391:Cotidianul
3285:Dilemateca
3175:Newsletter
2966:, May 2005
2751:Cotidianul
2747:Cotidianul
2720:Securitate
2707:Cotidianul
2657:Ion Vartic
2603:thus sees
2501:fanaticism
2309:demagogues
2211:Edgar Papu
2175:Vera Călin
2122:André Gide
2033:is, after
2024:histrionic
2020:hedonistic
1932:Bessarabia
1867:Istoria...
1834:Toma Pavel
1781:homoerotic
1710:Naturalism
1651:Surrealism
1504:Sburătorul
1450:Istoria...
1436:Ion Vartic
1318:magazine.
1208:Charter 77
1156:", 1975),
1126:monographs
1068:Luceafărul
1051:Secolul 20
1024:Toma Pavel
1007:Luceafărul
977:show trial
879:Sburătorul
871:Securitate
780:Sburătorul
677:patriotism
635:censorship
602:Sburătorul
585:prose poem
573:Conducător
529:Eta Boeriu
445:Iron Guard
413:coming out
392:poetry of
365:Memorandum
358:clergy in
338:Early life
254:Securitate
219:homosexual
203:Iron Guard
167:Surrealism
158:Sburătorul
103:Occupation
57:1921-08-10
5752:Gay poets
5605:Movements
5541:Sebastian
5471:Jebeleanu
5386:Cavarnali
5301:Călinescu
5237:Humanitas
5235:, at the
5165:Ion Vianu
5126:, in the
4966:revista V
4962:Euphorion
4882:, Nr. 378
4850:, Nr. 351
4677:Routledge
4658:, Nr. 383
4608:Routledge
4577:, Nr. 381
4540:, Nr. 382
3993:Routledge
3600:, at the
3545:Ion Simuţ
3170:, in the
2704:In 2009,
2689:Symposium
2653:Humanitas
2618:Euphorion
2601:Ion Simuţ
2584:Influence
2537:far right
2497:Trăirists
2414:Stalinism
2362:Paul Goma
2314:păşunists
2287:far right
2260:Thracians
2244:patriotic
2232:anarchism
2069:Levantine
2053:Pygmalion
2012:hourglass
1917:Frenchman
1911:imitated
1810:Dan Botta
1777:magnesium
1773:Plutonian
1717:Ion Simuţ
1677:modernist
1673:Euphorion
1603:Anglicist
1581:Euphorion
1552:Ion Vianu
1464:, titled
1452:, titled
1315:Săptămîna
1217:Paul Goma
1203:dissident
1175:hypnotics
1167:Ion Vianu
953:Ion Barbu
904:bourgeois
815:'s work,
761:from the
731:Euphorion
689:Bolshevik
669:far right
615:Euphorion
593:modernist
589:Bucharest
390:Symbolist
333:Biography
265:Ion Vianu
261:Paul Goma
234:dissident
207:modernist
192:memoirist
153:Modernism
114:1937–1993
90:, Germany
5586:Tonegaru
5441:Dragomir
5416:Corlaciu
5311:Valerian
5087:Archived
5018:Adevărul
5011:Apostrof
4986:Mozaicul
4978:Apostrof
4914:Archived
4879:Cuvântul
4870:Archived
4847:Cuvântul
4838:Archived
4706:Archived
4655:Cuvântul
4646:Archived
4574:Cuvântul
4565:Archived
4537:Cuvântul
4528:Archived
4449:Archived
4364:Archived
4345:Archived
4274:Archived
4121:Archived
3896:Archived
3886:Apostrof
3877:Archived
3826:Archived
3813:Apostrof
3804:Archived
3772:Archived
3733:Archived
3552:Archived
3469:Archived
3382:Archived
3320:Archived
3226:Archived
3164:Archived
3081:Archived
3023:Archived
2954:Archived
2683:Phaedrus
2666:Apostrof
2539:themes.
2526:Cold War
2489:nihilist
2481:charisma
2443:Trăirist
2410:quixotic
2295:păşunism
1995:Travesti
1886:European
1862:interwar
1762:'s 2002
1669:attire.
1610:Craii...
1593:Remember
1544:decadent
1516:romantic
1474:Dosoftei
1337:and the
1312:and his
1181:(1968),
1179:Sabasios
1136:(1970),
912:Scînteia
896:Batrînul
863:samizdat
847:Uranians
681:sternums
661:păşunism
625:and the
617:projects
548:Classics
342:Born in
277:defected
242:censored
223:come out
95:Pen name
5613:Kalende
5581:Todoran
5566:Streinu
5561:Stelaru
5456:Ierunca
5396:Chihaia
5381:Cassian
5376:Caraion
5356:Baranga
5286:Arghezi
5173:Polirom
5156:3445488
5122:a nu fi
2573:subtext
2549:leftist
2348:, to a
2256:Dacians
2078:qatayef
2016:orderly
1512:carmine
1472:("From
1341:-based
1298:Cologne
1154:Engrams
1149:Engrame
1144:Aladdin
1059:Familia
1045:Familia
941:Marxist
837:editor
657:bucolic
550:, with
449:fascist
200:fascist
88:Bavaria
68:Romania
5556:Stanca
5526:Regman
5521:Pillat
5466:Ivașcu
5451:Enescu
5436:Doinaș
5421:Cotruș
5401:Chimet
5366:Boeriu
5346:Balotă
5279:Doyens
5213:
5196:
5179:
5154:
4806:
4683:
4614:
3999:
3425:
3172:Accept
2579:Legacy
2274:, for
2252:Christ
2065:Balkan
1659:satire
1631:parody
1614:kitsch
1583:ideals
1573:heroin
1502:, the
1347:Dialog
1343:Dialog
1323:Munich
955:, and
892:Teatru
884:Teatru
771:Monica
711:Allies
698:Timpul
665:păşune
663:(from
386:Pâlcul
293:Munich
209:doyen
143:satire
135:memoir
111:Period
84:Munich
5596:Tudor
5591:Trost
5551:Sîrbu
5546:Șerbu
5531:Robot
5486:Lungu
5426:Crama
5411:Colin
5391:Celan
5371:Botta
5361:Bogza
5351:Banuș
5341:Baciu
5316:Vinea
5291:Barbu
5093:, in
5015:, in
4990:, in
4920:, in
4876:, in
4844:, in
4712:, in
4652:, in
4571:, in
4534:, in
4455:, in
4351:, in
4280:, in
4193:, in
4127:, in
4087:, in
4037:, in
3883:, in
3848:, in
3810:, in
3778:, in
3739:, in
3677:, in
3558:, in
3475:, in
3388:, in
3326:, in
3232:, in
3087:, in
3029:, in
2960:, in
2781:Notes
2724:CNSAS
2678:Plato
2039:Freud
1969:of a
1690:Faust
1520:dandy
1367:Agora
648:Viaţa
477:Sibiu
267:in a
127:essay
119:Genre
5576:Tita
5536:Roll
5511:Păun
5501:Pals
5491:Naum
5481:Luca
5461:Isou
5239:site
5211:ISBN
5194:ISBN
5177:ISBN
5152:OCLC
5118:a fi
4804:ISBN
4681:ISBN
4612:ISBN
3997:ISBN
3423:ISBN
2519:and
2430:only
2325:and
2258:and
2250:and
2197:and
2149:and
2067:and
1945:and
1934:and
1848:and
1739:and
1683:and
1361:and
1105:and
1088:and
1048:and
983:and
787:and
693:Jews
673:Ţara
531:and
503:and
431:and
422:see
344:Cluj
306:and
263:and
188:Nego
74:Died
64:Cluj
51:Born
5130:'s
5120:şi
4359:'s
3820:'s
2686:or
2680:'s
2217:or
2045:'s
1993:'s
1981:'s
1888:or
1687:'s
1438:as
1331:BBC
1070:to
967:at
352:née
279:to
5643::
5205:,
5188:,
5171:,
5167:,
5163:,
5146:,
5142:,
5082:,
5063:^
5054:,
5026:^
4984:,
4982:22
4980:,
4976:,
4972:,
4968:,
4964:,
4931:^
4909:,
4896:^
4865:,
4833:,
4785:,
4771:^
4759:^
4701:,
4691:^
4675:,
4641:,
4606:,
4582:^
4560:,
4545:^
4523:,
4508:^
4466:^
4444:,
4413:^
4392:^
4322:^
4291:^
4269:,
4255:^
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4189:,
4174:^
4138:^
4098:^
4083:,
4079:,
4064:^
4048:^
4033:,
4016:^
3991:,
3987:,
3973:^
3952:^
3872:,
3859:^
3789:^
3767:,
3750:^
3688:^
3673:,
3636:^
3594:,
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3504:^
3464:,
3433:^
3417:,
3413:,
3399:^
3377:,
3346:^
3293:^
3255:^
3243:^
3221:,
3182:^
3098:^
3040:^
3018:,
2971:^
2949:,
2788:^
2663:.
2639:,
2466:,
2462:,
2458:,
2454:,
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2336:,
2329:.
2321:,
2221:.
2213:,
2209:,
2205:,
2189:,
2185:,
2181:,
2177:,
2173:,
2161:,
2157:,
1844:,
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1820:,
1816:,
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1430:.
1377:.
1357:,
1353:,
1329:,
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1142:("
1128::
1101:,
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527:,
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519:,
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511:,
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495:,
464:.
435:.
295:.
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155:,
141:,
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133:,
129:,
125:,
86:,
66:,
5266:e
5259:t
5252:v
5052:"
5013:"
4988:"
4960:"
3902:)
2635:(
1771:"
1562:"
177:(
59:)
55:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
