267:
She was fluent and eloquent in her speech. She read very well in sweet accents and resonance, and she meant, very poorly, Latin. she was of sweet cholera. Her ire of her, her indignations and her peace were always with charity, gentleness and prudence, so that she was held in singular love, fear and reverence by the peoples. Where she required reason and her need was familiar, very affable and prudent, for which reason the people said that she was benign to them. She took pity on those miserable women who did not keep themselves in modest fame; she admonished them in a sancto manner. The grudges and discords she felt about her among her, she took away, reducing them to benevolence and peace. She was a devoted woman; she often fasted on bread and water, prayed, contemplated and lived holy, as a religious she was a beggar much she helped, in what she could, of her own substances to marry damsels, and she secretly donated poor people, without being asked, so that it seemed that she herself had experienced the miseries of poverty the modesty of her breast and the integrity of her mind were judged as the holy fame of her illustrious works. she hated vices with anguish and especially of shameless women she knew with great modesty with each generation to behave, objecting to the flatterers, mischievous and evils-takers, whom she escaped as a pestiferous disease
327:
297:, son-in-law of Francesco Sforza. Ferrante of Aragon in fact had previously lured him to Naples with the false promise of conduct and then for revenge imprisoned, as the leader had fought against him during the first baronial revolt. Jacopo Piccinino died shortly after his arrest, according to Ferrante for having fallen from the window following a failed escape attempt, but according to most he was strangled in prison by order of the sovereign. Francesco Sforza was so enraged at his death that he blocked his daughter's wedding procession, threatening to cancel the wedding. The situation was finally resolved and Ippolita, after staying for two months in Siena and then having passed through Rome, reached Naples on September 14, where with great magnificence she was received by Alfonso her husband and her father-in-law Ferrante, who set up many parties and shows to celebrate the wedding.
343:
practicing the "vitio detestando et abominevole de la sodomia", he was therefore only beginning to manifest his real character to his wife. Nevertheless, Ippolita as a wife always remained faithful to him, in fact she "distinguished herself for her high fidelity to her fearsome husband and for her unheard of modesty". King
Ferrante, on the other hand, showed himself to be very satisfied with his daughter-in-law for her beauty, intelligence and custom, to such an extent that the Sforza ambassadors wrote that "the Majesty of the king has no other pleasure, nor any other paradise he does not seem to find, except when he sees her dancing and even singing". From the letters to the mother there discomfort for the excessive demonstrations of affection of the father-in-law.
452:
addition to endless prayers, also organized processions and pilgrimages, always obtaining their grace. Once her eldest son
Ferrandino was reduced to the end of life, with no hope of healing, so that Ippolita, followed by a multitude of naked children, up to a thousand, and by numerous praying virgins, several days walked the streets of Naples barefoot to invite the people to pray for her son, then - always barefoot - went to Sorrento through an impervious mountain, traveling more than thirty miles, and finally obtained that Ferrandino was healed. After this feat her feet needed to be medicated for several days because of the sores caused by the long journey.
304:, in turn about to marry Ippolita's younger brother, Sforza Maria Sforza, desired "even some of the carezone she sees do no time from the Duke of Calabria to the duchess", and if Ippolita herself writes to her mother that she and Alfonso slept together every night and that they often had fun between hunts and tickling in country residences. In these terms she describes her husband, for example, in one of the many letters: "My Ill.mo consort et con caccia di falconi et nebbii et con giugare al ballone et con leggere et interpretarme uno suo libro spagnuolo de regimento de stato et molte altre cose morale, me ha tenuto et tene in great pleasure".
436:
374:
428:
Lombardy to Naples, and all the vigils of the
Immaculate recited it six times. On Friday morning she used to enter the chapel before Mass and, left alone, she closed the door, then prayed prostrate on the floor with her arms on the cross to remember the passion of Christ, saying a hundred Pater Nostri and a hundred Hail Mary’s. Then she opened the doors and let in the chaplains who were to celebrate Mass. Every day she also wanted to hear the prayers of vespers.
203:. Since she was a child she showed precocity of intellect, love for letters and a certain passion for hunting, favored in this by her father who often gave her greyhounds for their country estates. Francesco Sforza sometimes asked his young daughter to act as an intermediary between him and his mother, so that she could help him to return to the graces of Bianca Maria, the times when he and his wife entered into a quarrel for some reason.
47:
466:
to the poor sick out of pity. She made numerous donations to monasteries and provided dowries to poor girls who were ashamed to beg. All these benefits she wanted to be done as secretly as possible, so that the praise in this life would not take away that of the other, nevertheless they were made known at her death by the people who were close to her. She never wanted to be thanked for what she did, nor could she bear to be praised.
319:
realizing that he was being followed, had reacted with a reckless gesture towards Donato that we are not given to know (Ambassador Pietro
Landriani speaks of beatings), but which nevertheless must have been very serious if Ippolita shows herself very saddened, writing to her mother: "this thing of Donato that I will never forget not a wound to the core, but I think if it opened by means so much it was my pain et serà".
398:
enter heaven with her, adding that by now the bread was baked and that the
Almighty was eager to taste it at his own convito. Two or three days after receiving the letter, Ippolita was seriously ill and sixteen days later died, despite all the processions and relics - such as the blood of St. Januarius, the crucifix to which St. Thomas Aquinas spoke and the head of St. Luke the Evangelist - brought to her bedside.
474:
surprised by this request, since the
Duchess did not usually ask for such a mass, and asked her if she did not rather want a mass of the Annunciation, but Ippolita remained firm in her initial request. All this happened on a Tuesday, which is the day proper to the angels and which also in that year occurred with the Feast of the Annunciation, to which the Duchess was deeply devoted.
311:, and for the bad character that distinguished him. In fact, already a few weeks after the wedding we have news of the first jealousies of Ippolita towards her spouse: Alfonso is described by ladies and ambassadors as a very beautiful young man, "so pretty you couldn't tell", but "so much alive that he could not sit still for half an hour".
459:
gallant horse, that falls on them, so that he was raised believing himself dead spindle". The young prince then remained in a coma for thirteen days, until his mother
Ippolita, weeping and devoutly invoking the help of the Virgin with endless prayers, obtained that "lost them, or lost lost spirits restored in the former body of the son".
465:
As for almsgiving, every day she gave more than thirty poor people meat, bread and wine, and increased them to another nineteen on the eve of the
Immaculate Conception and on all the feasts of her Protector. Once a month she visited all the prisoners to console them and used to send the court doctors
397:
Her death was prophesied by Friar
Francis of Aragon, who was in the city of Florence: from there the friar wrote to the duchess, who recommended her to pray for the soul of her mother, having had a vision in which the deceased Bianca Maria Visconti told him that she had begged God to let his daughter
350:
Throughout her life
Ippolita found herself playing the role of peacemaker between Milan and Naples and between Naples and Florence, as relations between the various powers were strained and Ferrante was partly responsible for the famous Pazzi conspiracy. In fact, in 1480 when Lorenzo de' Medici went,
318:
Starting from December 1466 some letters from both the ambassadors and the person directly concerned report an episode of jealousy on the part of Ippolita, at that time pregnant with the firstborn, who had commissioned her own servant, Donato, to stalk her husband wherever he went. Alfonso therefore,
266:
Beautiful, white, blonde, she had beautiful eyes, a slightly aquiline nose that gave her gratia. She had beautiful teeth, an aspect of great majesty. She was soon taller than mediocre. Her hands had beautiful, as if ivory-colored, with long fingers. Her aspect was of great majesty, meek and graceful.
354:
Already in 1468 Ippolita had returned to the court of Milan to try to pacify her brother Galeazzo Maria, who became duke after the death of his father, with their mother Bianca Maria and also with his father-in-law Ferrante. However, the visit turned out to be very short, as Ippolita, at the time in
342:
Alfonso's violent reaction should not be surprising: he was not by chance hated by the Neapolitan people for having offended his subjects with "cruel insults et iniurie", for having been guilty of the most nefarious crimes, such as "violar virgine, taking for his dilecto the women of others" and for
458:
These facts are all told to us by Fra' Bernardino da Rende, who often celebrated Masses for her, while Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti even tells of miraculous events: it happened one day that her son Ferrandino, at the time about twenty years old, "for grandeza et prestantia de animo, tormenting a
473:
Even in the course of the illness that led her to the tomb, Ippolita did not disturb or upset, but remained persevering in her virtue. On her last day of life, feeling that she was about to die, she asked to be able to listen to a mass of the angels, to go with them accompanied. Her relatives were
469:
She had a particular devotion to the observant orders, which is why she wore the rope of Friar Minor around her shirt. She fasted during the four canonical times and their vigils, and with great sacrifice also for the whole of Lent, as well as punctuality every Saturday. Every evening she anointed
401:
Her family members were always close to her, including the king and queen, and so also the eldest son Ferrandino who, initially very far from home, as soon as he received news of his mother's illness immediately returned to comfort her, being loved by the latter maximally. The second son Peter was
431:
Her soul was not satisfied by so many prayers, she also made other people pray: when the house of Aragon was in a state of serious calamity, in her house she prayed uninterruptedly. Her women were ready two by two, in strict order, kneeling before the crucifix, then giving themselves the change,
427:
All the vigils of the Immaculate recited a thousand hail marys to honor the Virgin, to whom she always turned her thoughts, and very often she wept thinking of her sufferings. Every Saturday she recited the rosary three times with great devotion, having been the one who brought this litany from
552:
In both television series, however, the character of Ippolita appears totally distorted, as she never nurtured towards Lorenzo de' Medici, with whom she entertained an exchange of letters, other than a sincere friendship, which was never love, nor therefore Ippolita, as a woman famous for her
451:
of the city from the Turks, Ippolita spent the nights kneeling in prayer in front of the altar; once she stayed there nine consecutive hours, other times six or seven, depending on the need she felt at that moment, and her knees were wounded to the bone. When her loved ones were sick, she, in
423:
Ippolita died in the smell of holiness because of the deeply religious conduct she had kept alive: every day she listened to three masses, sometimes even four or five, in any case no less than two. So she recited the rosary daily and read a prayer book as big as a psalter and one as big as a
346:
She also formed excellent friendships with her brother-in-law Federico, like her lover of letters and a man with a very sensitive soul, who very often went to visit her in Castel Capuano or in the villa called della Duchesca staying in his company.
322:
King Ferrante minimized the incident with the Milanese relatives, saying that "these wars of the day have peace in the evening", but the situation did not improve even with the announcement of the first pregnancy of the duchess.
362:, in which she hopes that her little son, growing up, will show her the same affection that she still showed to her mother. In addition to the three children had by Alfonso, Ippolita also raised as her own two grandchildren,
553:
singular modesty, would never have granted herself to him thus betraying her husband, nor King Ferrante, in love with his daughter-in-law, would have ever exploited her by pushing her to prostitute herself at the Medici.
351:
not without some fear, to Naples to try to mediate a peace with Ferrante, he did not leave Florence before being reassured by Ippolita that Ferrante would not imprison and kill him as he used to do with guests.
424:
vesperal, kneeling before the image of the Virgin. She also recited seven penitential psalms and prayers in suffrage for her deceased parents and relatives, maintaining this habit for more than twenty years.
314:
Even Alfonso, however, was jealous of his wife: in the summer of 1466 he did not want Ippolita to play with Giovanna Sanseverino anymore when she went to visit her accompanied by her relative Gian Francesco.
455:
As soon as a vow was fulfilled, she immediately wanted to fulfill her promises: she fasted, fed the poor, or called masses, then repeated the commitment in suffrage of the souls of her parents.
462:
In similar ways she had also obtained the healings of her other two children, Isabella and Pietro, also reduced to serious condition, as well as her husband Alfonso and father-in-law Ferrante.
405:
Great funerals were made and the deceased, dressed in white brocade, with a golden circle on her head and jewels and rings on her fingers, was buried in the church of theAnnunziata in Naples.
307:
If so, then the relations between the spouses had to deteriorate later over time, both for the continuous and brazen betrayals of Alfonso, who would have found a new and complacent lover in
402:
instead sick in bed and on the verge of death, and for this reason the departure of his mother was kept secret from him, so as not to cause him a displeasure that could have killed him.
470:
the foreheads of her children with holy oil, drawing the sign of the cross, and blessed them with love before sending them to bed, then repeated the same operation in the morning.
439:
Alleged bust of Ippolita: plaster cast in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, made around 1899 from an original preserved in Berlin and destroyed during the Second World War.
432:
often continuing so day and night. The candles before the images of Christ and the Virgin were to remain by her and were always lit until she had obtained the required grace.
355:
the midst of her beauty as a woman, was forced to return quickly to Naples to escape, it seems, the flattery of her brother, who showed very ambiguous feelings towards her.
412:, and edited by Serena Castaldo. Previously, in 1893, in Bologna, F. Gabotto published a collection of Ippolita's letters which she had written in Naples from 1475 to 1482.
394:
Ippolita died suddenly on August 19, 1488 in Castel Capuano, shortly before the wedding of her daughter Isabella, according to Arienti due to an "apostema in the head".
290:. The latter sent his second son Federico with six hundred horses to Milan to marry Ippolita by proxy in the name of his brother and to accompany her to his new home.
611:
358:
As a mother she was very fond of her children, and this is demonstrated by the tender letter she wrote to her mother to announce the birth of the firstborn
1034:
370:
d'Este, children of her sister-in-law Eleonora d'Aragona, who had left them still children at the court of Naples by the will of their father Ferrante.
495:(2 October 1470 – 11 February 1524), Duchess of Milan by marriage to her cousin Gian Galeazzo Sforza and later Duchess of Bari. She was the mother of
1059:
1014:
22:
1049:
301:
492:
105:
326:
1054:
300:
In the early days relations with her husband, three years younger than her, had to be good, if in that same year the fifteen-year-old
293:
The bride had already left Milan with the wedding procession, when the marriage risked skipping due to the sudden death of the leader
1044:
1029:
448:
415:
Apart from epistolary activity, her notable writings include poetry and a Latin eulogy for her father Francesco.
782:
1039:
927:
486:
382:
359:
259:
200:
101:
933:
Bernuzzi, Marco (2003). "Alfonso II of Aragon". In Bietenholz, Peter G.; Deutscher, Thomas Brian (eds.).
207:
998:
A Trusting Partnership: Sentiment and Politics in Quattrocento Dynastic Unions: Unpublished Dissertation
287:
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143:
218:
1024:
1019:
625:
544:
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283:
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237:
171:
87:
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37:
233:
973:. Vol. 2, The Twelfth Century to the Renaissance (9th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
755:
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676:
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192:
129:
367:
363:
170:
from 1450 until 1535. She was the first wife of the Duke of Calabria, who later reigned as King
212:
54:, bust of a princess of the House of Naples traditionally identified with Ippolita Maria Sforza
629:
96:
51:
989:
Women Latin poets: language, gender, and authority, from antiquity to the Eighteenth Century
294:
435:
408:
She composed many letters. These have been published in Italy in a single volume entitled,
46:
768:
732:
689:
373:
308:
119:
223:
489:
known as "Ferrandino" (26 June 1467 - 7 October 1496), King of Naples from 1495 to 1496;
167:
1008:
935:
Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation
133:
870:
245:
925:. Vol. PRIMO. VITA E SISTEMA EDUCATIVO DEI PIU ILLUSTRI PEDAGOGISTI ITALIANI.
833:
Trattato della laudanda vita e della profetata morte di Ippolita Sforza d'Aragona
634:
518:
Trattato della laudanda vita e della profetata morte di Ippolita Sforza d'Aragona
496:
536:
21:
For the daughter of Gian Galeazzo Sforza of Milan and Isabella of Naples, see
378:
331:
893:
444:
114:
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163:
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to her. When she was 14 years old she made a Latin address to pope
228:, humanist from the Marche region heir to the humanist pedagogy of
434:
372:
325:
252:, which became well known after it was circulated in manuscript.
188:
155:
65:
633:
502:
Pietro (31 March 1472 - 17 February 1491), Prince of Rossano.
162:, 19 August 1488) was an Italian noblewoman, a member of the
272:
Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti, Gynevera de le clare donne.
174:. Ippolita was a very intelligent and cultured young woman.
712:
Con animo virile, donne e potere nel Mezzogiorno medievale
650:
648:
282:
On 10 October 1465 she married the Duke of Calabria
641:(in Italian). Napoli: Luigi Settembrini. p. 1.
482:The marriage with Alfonso produced three children:
139:
125:
113:
95:
83:
71:
59:
30:
953:Princesses and Ladies of Power at the Sforza Court
596:Zaglia, Marcello (1890). Trevisini, Enrico (ed.).
240:, who gave her the study of Greek and dedicated a
835:, a cura di Francesco Sica, Edisud Salerno, 2007.
962:Europe in renaissance and reformation, 1453–1659
598:"VITTORINO DA FELTRE, Studi di Marcello Zaglia"
264:
942:Commire, Anne; Klezmer, Deborah, eds. (2000).
937:. Vol. A–Z. University of Toronto Press.
8:
520:by Bernardino da Rende is dedicated to her.
610:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
256:allegedly painted a portrait of Ippolita.
45:
27:
654:
568:
535:Ippolita is played by the French actress
199:, the only daughter of the Duke of Milan
946:. Vol. Harr–I. Yorkin Publications.
827:
561:
542:In the historical fantasy drama series
187:Ippolita was born on April 18, 1445 in
971:The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History
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714:. Patrizia Mainoni. pp. 393–397.
443:While her husband risked his life in
7:
705:
703:
701:
699:
410:The Letters of Ippolita Maria Sforza
381:with probable childhood portrait of
1035:15th-century Italian women writers
548:Ippolita is played by Jeany Spark.
14:
856:Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti,
796:Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti.
600:(in Italian). Milano-Roma-Napoli.
23:Ippolita Maria Sforza (1493–1501)
960:Hollings, Mary Albright (1911).
872:Medici (TV Series 2016– ) – IMDb
499:, wife of Sigismund I of Poland;
260:Giovanni Sabatino degli Arienti
1060:Mothers of Neapolitan monarchs
1:
1015:15th-century Italian nobility
969:Previté-Orton, C. W. (1978).
1050:15th-century Italian writers
91:(later Alfonso II of Naples)
982:. Harvard University Press.
1076:
1055:15th-century Italian women
1000:. University of Edinburgh.
991:. Oxford University Press.
978:Robin, Diana, ed. (2009).
858:Gynevera de le clare donne
798:Gynevera de le clare donne
20:
921:Zaglia, Marcello (1890).
385:, eldest son of Ippolita.
88:Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
44:
35:
987:Stevenson, Jane (2005).
710:Patrizia Mainoni (ed.).
262:describes it as follows:
109:Piero, Prince of Rossano
75:19 August 1488 (aged 43)
996:Tribble, Colin (2012).
980:Francesco Filelfo: Odes
783:"Ippolita Maria Sforza"
746:Ippolita Maria Sforza.
667:Ippolita Maria Sforza.
581:Ippolita Maria Sforza.
166:family which ruled the
951:Covini, Nadia (2006).
944:Women in World History
529:In the Netflix series
487:Ferdinand II of Naples
440:
386:
339:
275:
201:Filippo Maria Visconti
102:Ferdinand II of Naples
1045:Duchesses of Calabria
831:Bernardino da Rende,
626:Salernitano, Masuccio
585:. Edizioni dell'orso.
497:Bona Sforza of Aragon
438:
376:
329:
206:She had four masters
197:Bianca Maria Visconti
152:Ippolita Maria Sforza
144:Bianca Maria Visconti
31:Ippolita Maria Sforza
336:Alfonso II of Naples
254:Domenico Ghirlandaio
238:Constantine Lascaris
172:Alfonso II of Naples
1030:People from Cremona
923:Vittorino da feltre
447:, fighting for the
230:Vittorino da Feltre
208:Guiniforte Barzizza
38:Duchess of Calabria
763:Unknown parameter
727:Unknown parameter
684:Unknown parameter
630:Settembrini, Luigi
441:
387:
340:
302:Eleonora of Aragon
288:Ferrante of Naples
158:, 18 April 1445 –
130:Francesco I Sforza
106:Isabella of Aragon
16:Italian noblewoman
545:Da Vinci's Demons
284:Alfonso of Aragon
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52:Francesco Laurana
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657:, p. 172.
655:Stevenson 2005
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894:"Jeany Spark"
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765:|agency=
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338:and Ippolita.
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242:Greek Grammar
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63:18 April 1445
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636:Il Novellino
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246:Pius II
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234:Doro Luftigo
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1025:1488 deaths
1020:1446 births
903:6 September
845:Covini 2006
377:Neapolitan
330:Neapolitan
222: [
211: [
1009:Categories
557:References
537:Gaia Weiss
524:Television
512:Literature
449:liberation
383:Ferrandino
360:Ferrandino
767:ignored (
756:cite book
731:ignored (
720:cite book
688:ignored (
677:cite book
606:cite book
379:albarello
332:albarello
183:Childhood
628:(1874).
493:Isabella
368:Ferrante
364:Beatrice
278:Marriage
270:—
915:Sources
878:30 June
748:Lettere
669:Lettere
632:(ed.).
583:Lettere
478:Lineage
445:Otranto
638:
532:Medici
250:Mantua
164:Sforza
160:Naples
140:Mother
126:Father
84:Spouse
78:Naples
390:Death
226:]
217:, by
215:]
115:House
97:Issue
928:Link
905:2021
898:IMDb
880:2020
769:help
733:help
690:help
612:link
516:The
366:and
236:and
195:and
189:Jesi
178:Life
156:Jesi
72:Died
66:Jesi
60:Born
191:to
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