330:
the books were combined with the establishment of a schooling system known as Taman
Pendidikan Al-Quran ("Quranic kindegartens", TPA). The TPAs were initially organized in local mosques sponsored by local initiators. Eventually, the local schools came under the umbrella of a semi-official confederation known as the "Organizing Body for the Youth Groups of Indonesian Mosques" (Indonesian acronym: BKPRMI). The BKPRMI trained TPA teachers on the Iqro method and materials.
869:
222:
assimilates). Instructions in the
Indonesian language with the voice of an instruction (e.g. "Be careful!", "Go slow here!") often punctuate the content. Compared to the traditional method with emphasizes teacher-student relationship, the Iqro method was designed to allow for more independent learning. Teachers are expected to give only minimum instruction and then passively listen to the students' recitation.
354:
326:
method. In 1973, As'ad Humam began discussions at his home on challenges faced in teaching the reading of Quran. Team
Tadarus AMM was then established and subsequently developed reports on teaching conditions. Among others, the team reported that the current teaching methodologies were not sufficient.
221:
The Iqro book consists of six volumes, sometimes sold separately in different colors and sometimes bound together as one physical book. Each volume began with a teaching instruction. Pages in the book often contain notations on the top introducing a new lesson (e.g. how a particular Arabic consonant
329:
The team then experimented with new teaching methodologies, and developed a new system, which spread to other cities in Java. In 1988, the team received recognition from the provincial
Ministry of Religious Affair bureau. By 1992, the Iqro books were sold throughout the country. The proliferation of
325:
and developed by a team calling themselves Team
Tadarus AMM, also in Yogyakarta. The book was first published in the early 1990s, but according to Team Tadarus AMM, the history began earlier. In 1953, a Quranic teaching group was established using a traditional teaching method called the Baghdadi
156:
The book was offered as an alternative to the older "Traditional" or "Baghdadi" method, and emphasizes the student's active role in learning. It is divided into six volumes (often sold as one physical book), each introducing Arabic letter shapes and sounds with increasing difficulty. The higher
181:
Indonesia has a majority Muslim population, but the population is not Arabic-speaking and the Arabic letters are not usually used except in religious contexts. Therefore, to read the Quran in the original Arabic, Indonesian
Muslims must learn Arabic letters and the pronunciations. Some Arabic
216:
A page from the second volume of the book (called "Iqro 2"). The new lessons in this page—how certain Arabic letters are written in non-isolated forms—are introduced on top. The rest of the page allows practice with this new lesson, as well as the previous lessons such as letters in
365:
Iqro is one of the most popular textbooks for learning to read the Quran in
Indonesia as well as other countries in Southeast Asia. Iqro is usually learned by kindergarten to early elementary school children, and often used in the designated recitational schools, seminaries such as
341:, and in 1994 the Malaysian government adopted it as an official method for teaching Quranic recitation in elementary schools. The Malaysian version of the book has slight variations from the original, for example, instructions in local language are given in
213:
195:
Prior to the popularity of Iqro, many taught
Quranic reading using a method known as the "traditional" or "Baghdadi" method, which is still used today although to lesser extent. This method uses a textbook called
333:
The Iqro method spread rapidly and became very popular throughout
Indonesia. The success was generally attributed to its students being able to learn faster than students using the traditional methods.
186:
for ث) do not appear in
Indonesian languages and take training to pronounce correctly. In addition, students must also learn a special set pronunciation rules for Quranic recitation known as the
1360:
1641:
666:
710:"Constructing New Stages of Education for Muslim Children: Impacts of the Dissemination of the Iqro' Method Textbook on Islamic Education in Indonesia and Malaysia"
1288:
805:
1345:
733:
27:
2084:
1298:
2063:
698:
145:
letters and pronunciation. It was originally published in the early 1990s, authored by As'ad Humam and a team known as "Team Tadarus AMM" in
1418:
1293:
2009:
1278:
758:
1186:
929:
749:[Implementing Quranic Literacy Teaching using the Iqro method for Young Children in RA Perwanida Slawi in Tegal Regency].
1676:
798:
737:
200:, and uses a technique to spell out each letter and vowel markings in local languages before pronouncing a complete word (e.g. "
1413:
2004:
1651:
747:"Implementasi Pembelajaran Baca Tulis al-Qur'an dengan Metode Iqra pada Anak Usia Dini di RA Perwanida Slawi Kabupaten Tegal"
378:
for religious education. Recitation skill learned through Iqro is a competition material in the Quranic recitational contest
2058:
2053:
1303:
1989:
1759:
1518:
1098:
1984:
791:
1377:
746:
2040:
1771:
1631:
1489:
1241:
379:
890:
1764:
1566:
1448:
1438:
1428:
1382:
1308:
1128:
961:
895:
2089:
1523:
1469:
1318:
1283:
1273:
1146:
828:
204:
given a mark on top: 'na'"). This method also emphasizes teacher-student relationship at a personal level.
1616:
1474:
1433:
1323:
1211:
1063:
1025:
833:
183:
108:
966:
2030:
1646:
1372:
1313:
1088:
902:
235:(-a) vowel. The second volume introduces the non-isolated forms (initial, medial, and final) still in
1581:
1571:
1355:
1083:
1068:
26:
1621:
1576:
1171:
361:, Indonesia. Iqro is one of the most popular textbooks for learning to read the Quran in Indonesia.
120:
709:
2035:
1776:
1700:
1626:
1546:
1328:
1108:
1040:
944:
814:
345:
script—a common practice in Malaysia for Islamic education books—rather than the Latin alphabet.
176:
153:
in its original Arabic, given that these countries do not use Arabic outside religious contexts.
225:
The six volumes are in increasing level of difficulty. Volume one introduces each letter in the
1874:
1962:
1857:
1611:
1561:
1556:
1392:
1236:
1191:
1073:
1030:
998:
934:
772:
721:
694:
1830:
1818:
1694:
1479:
1397:
1367:
1226:
1156:
762:
1727:
907:
736:[KH As'ad Humam 'The Grandfather', originator of the Iqro method] (in Indonesian).
1999:
1994:
1979:
1606:
1541:
1350:
1201:
1045:
954:
226:
142:
99:
1835:
1797:
1551:
1536:
1221:
1216:
1196:
1166:
1151:
1035:
1008:
914:
868:
2078:
2025:
1842:
1791:
1423:
1387:
1113:
1003:
375:
342:
303:
164:
69:
1936:
1931:
1484:
1333:
1181:
1161:
1103:
1078:
988:
983:
924:
919:
201:
1732:
688:
1941:
1443:
1231:
1118:
1093:
1018:
1013:
978:
690:
Perfection Makes Practice: Learning, Emotion, and the Recited Quran in Indonesia
353:
767:
1808:
1636:
1528:
1268:
1206:
1123:
993:
973:
949:
838:
322:
146:
1722:
776:
725:
1956:
1893:
1887:
1588:
939:
367:
134:
212:
1920:
1898:
1869:
1862:
1813:
1338:
338:
269:
267:(consonants with reduced vowel). Volume five introduces various forms of
263:
138:
130:
65:
1879:
1803:
1786:
1749:
1744:
1710:
851:
846:
1903:
1852:
1847:
1823:
1781:
1754:
1739:
1715:
1705:
1464:
856:
783:
358:
281:
275:
247:
241:
231:
188:
159:
1951:
1686:
1681:
1176:
371:
352:
297:
291:
257:
211:
150:
337:
At the same time, the Iqro method also spread to the neighboring
1946:
1671:
317:
787:
315:
The Iqro method was originated by As'ad Humam (1933–1996), a
129:, "Iqro Book: A Fast Way to Learn to Read the Quran") is a
667:
Pemkot Bogor Intensif Adakan Pelarihan Baca Tulis Alquran
1642:
Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism
522:
520:
518:
650:
648:
714:
EDUCARE: International Journal for Educational Studies
623:
621:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
537:
535:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
422:
420:
418:
416:
414:
412:
285:(merging). The last volume—the sixth—introduces the
113:
2018:
1972:
1912:
1664:
1597:
1509:
1502:
1457:
1406:
1261:
1254:
1137:
1054:
883:
876:
821:
85:
75:
61:
53:
41:
33:
734:"KH As'ad Humam 'Sang Kakek' Penemu Metode Iqro"
127:Buku Iqro': Cara Cepat Belajar Membaca Al-Qur’an
47:Buku Iqro': Cara Cepat Belajar Membaca Al-Qur’an
45:
1289:Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals
799:
8:
19:
149:. Iqro is a stepping-stone for reading the
1506:
1258:
880:
806:
792:
784:
357:Shelf of copies of Iqro in a bookstore in
25:
18:
766:
577:
273:(Arabic definite article) as well as the
565:
553:
526:
396:
1299:Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council
654:
639:
16:Textbook first published in the 1990s
7:
1419:Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party
1294:Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah
627:
612:
600:
541:
509:
497:
485:
473:
450:
438:
426:
403:
251:(-u) vowels. Volume four introduces
157:volumes also introduced elementary
103:
759:Walisongo State Islamic University
279:rule (Quranic recitation rule) of
239:. The third volume introduces the
163:rules, or pronunciation rules for
14:
1647:Operation Tinombala / Madago Raya
930:Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi
867:
37:As'ad Humam and Team Tadarus AMM
198:Qa'ida Baghdadiyya ma' Juz Amma
2085:Islamic education in Indonesia
1652:December 2016 Jakarta protests
1533:Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia
693:. University of Hawaii Press.
301:(concealment), as well as the
261:(non-vocalized consonant) and
1:
1304:Indonesian Mujahedeen Council
673:. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
125:'Read!'; full title:
2064:National Heroes of Indonesia
1990:Islamic criminal law in Aceh
1519:Spread of Islam in Indonesia
1346:Muslim Students' Association
1099:Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi
1985:Islam Yes, Islamic Party No
114:
81:early 1990s (first edition)
2106:
891:Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari
768:10.21580/nw.2017.11.1.1321
174:
2049:
1772:Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran
1632:Maluku sectarian conflict
1490:Mujahidin Indonesia Timur
1242:Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya
865:
380:Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran
229:in its isolated form and
24:
1567:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
1449:United Development Party
1439:Prosperous Justice Party
1429:National Awakening Party
1309:Indonesian Ulema Council
962:Abdus Samad al-Palimbani
1524:Ottoman embassy to Aceh
1319:Islamic Defenders Front
1284:Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia
1274:Campus Dakwah Institute
1617:Tanjung Priok massacre
1475:Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid
1434:National Mandate Party
1212:Muhammad Rizieq Shihab
687:Gade, Anna M. (2004).
362:
218:
46:
1324:Liberal Islam Network
1314:Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya
1089:Muhammad Jamil Jambek
1004:Maulana Malik Ibrahim
708:Nakata, Yuki (2009).
356:
215:
175:Further information:
2059:History of Indonesia
2054:Mosques in Indonesia
1582:Yogyakarta Sultanate
1147:Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif
1084:Tahir bin Jalaluddin
1069:Abdul Karim Amrullah
1622:Talangsari incident
1414:Crescent Star Party
1172:Abdullah Gymnastiar
615:, pp. 154–155.
512:, pp. 152–153.
453:, pp. 114–115.
42:Original title
21:
1627:Insurgency in Aceh
1547:Kingdom of Kaimana
1329:Majelis Rasulullah
1109:Sulaiman ar-Rasuli
1041:Burhanuddin Ulakan
945:Tuanku Imam Bonjol
920:Yusuf al-Makassari
815:Islam in Indonesia
363:
321:and merchant from
219:
182:phonemes (such as
177:Islam in Indonesia
165:reciting the Quran
57:Indonesian, Arabic
2072:
2071:
1963:Tafsir Al-Mishbah
1660:
1659:
1612:Petition of Fifty
1572:Ternate Sultanate
1562:Mataram Sultanate
1557:Malacca Sultanate
1498:
1497:
1407:Political parties
1393:Sumatera Thawalib
1383:Rabithah Alawiyah
1250:
1249:
1237:Abdurrahman Wahid
1192:Nurcholish Madjid
1031:Ali Mughayat Syah
1026:Abdurrauf Singkil
999:Sunan Gunung Jati
935:Abdullah al-Misri
903:Nawawi al-Bantani
753:(in Indonesian).
745:Srijatun (2017).
700:978-0-8248-2599-7
307:(pausing rules).
295:(conversion) and
124:
112:
93:
92:
86:Publication place
2097:
2041:Central Sulawesi
1883:
1866:
1839:
1827:
1736:
1695:Babad Tanah Jawi
1577:Tidore Sultanate
1507:
1480:Jamaah Islamiyah
1398:Wahdah Islamiyah
1368:Nahdlatul Wathan
1259:
1227:Said Aqil Siradj
1157:Abu Bakar Bashir
970:
911:
899:
881:
871:
808:
801:
794:
785:
780:
770:
741:
729:
704:
674:
664:
658:
652:
643:
637:
631:
625:
616:
610:
604:
598:
581:
575:
569:
563:
557:
551:
545:
539:
530:
524:
513:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
477:
471:
454:
448:
442:
436:
430:
424:
407:
401:
185:
119:
117:
107:
105:
77:Publication date
49:
29:
22:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2045:
2014:
2000:Jemaah Tarbiyah
1995:Jama’ah Tabligh
1980:Islam Nusantara
1968:
1908:
1877:
1860:
1833:
1821:
1765:Istiqlal Mosque
1730:
1656:
1607:Jakarta Charter
1599:
1593:
1542:Demak Sultanate
1511:
1494:
1453:
1402:
1351:Nahdlatul Ulama
1246:
1202:Mohammad Natsir
1139:
1133:
1056:
1050:
1046:Usman bin Yahya
964:
955:Tuanku Tambusai
905:
893:
872:
863:
817:
812:
744:
732:
707:
701:
686:
683:
678:
677:
665:
661:
653:
646:
638:
634:
626:
619:
611:
607:
599:
584:
576:
572:
564:
560:
552:
548:
540:
533:
525:
516:
508:
504:
496:
492:
484:
480:
472:
457:
449:
445:
437:
433:
425:
410:
402:
398:
393:
388:
351:
313:
227:Arabic alphabet
210:
179:
173:
78:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2092:
2090:Quran reciting
2087:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2010:Traditionalist
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1872:
1867:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1828:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1798:Sejarah Banten
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1698:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1552:Gowa Sultanate
1549:
1544:
1539:
1537:Aceh Sultanate
1531:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1217:Quraish Shihab
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1197:Harun Nasution
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1167:Djohan Effendi
1164:
1159:
1154:
1152:Azyumardi Azra
1149:
1143:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1074:Hasyim Asy'ari
1071:
1066:
1064:Abdullah Ahmad
1060:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1036:Tuanku Nan Tuo
1033:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1009:Sunan Kalijaga
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
971:
959:
958:
957:
952:
947:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
915:Hamzah Fansuri
912:
900:
887:
885:
878:
874:
873:
866:
864:
862:
861:
860:
859:
854:
849:
843:Old divisions
841:
836:
831:
825:
823:
819:
818:
813:
811:
810:
803:
796:
788:
782:
781:
742:
730:
705:
699:
682:
679:
676:
675:
659:
644:
632:
630:, p. 155.
617:
605:
603:, p. 154.
582:
578:Republika 2016
570:
558:
546:
544:, p. 152.
531:
514:
502:
500:, p. 147.
490:
488:, p. 149.
478:
476:, p. 117.
455:
443:
441:, p. 115.
431:
429:, p. 153.
408:
406:, p. 121.
395:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
350:
347:
312:
309:
209:
206:
172:
169:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2102:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Tabligh Akbar
1841:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:Masyumi Party
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1388:Sarekat Islam
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:Civil society
1260:
1257:
1255:Organizations
1253:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Kartosoewirjo
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1129:Tjokroaminoto
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1114:Mohammad Roem
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:Awakening era
1053:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
975:
972:
968:
963:
960:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
909:
904:
901:
897:
892:
889:
888:
886:
882:
879:
877:Major figures
875:
870:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
820:
816:
809:
804:
802:
797:
795:
790:
789:
786:
778:
774:
769:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
740:. 2016-02-07.
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
702:
696:
692:
691:
685:
684:
680:
672:
668:
663:
660:
657:, p. 32.
656:
651:
649:
645:
642:, p. 31.
641:
636:
633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
614:
609:
606:
602:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
583:
579:
574:
571:
568:, p. 34.
567:
566:Srijatun 2017
562:
559:
556:, p. 35.
555:
554:Srijatun 2017
550:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
529:, p. 33.
528:
527:Srijatun 2017
523:
521:
519:
515:
511:
506:
503:
499:
494:
491:
487:
482:
479:
475:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
447:
444:
440:
435:
432:
428:
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
409:
405:
400:
397:
390:
385:
383:
381:
377:
376:homeschooling
373:
369:
360:
355:
348:
346:
344:
340:
335:
331:
327:
324:
320:
319:
310:
308:
306:
305:
300:
299:
294:
293:
288:
284:
283:
278:
277:
272:
271:
266:
265:
260:
259:
254:
250:
249:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
228:
223:
214:
207:
205:
203:
199:
193:
191:
190:
178:
170:
168:
166:
162:
161:
154:
152:
148:
144:
141:for learning
140:
136:
132:
128:
122:
116:
110:
101:
97:
88:
84:
80:
74:
71:
70:Quran reading
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
2031:West Sumatra
1961:
1937:Kitab kuning
1932:Jamiat Kheir
1926:
1919:
1886:
1796:
1693:
1677:Architecture
1600:independence
1512:independence
1485:Laskar Jihad
1334:Muhammadiyah
1279:Hidayatullah
1182:Wahid Hasyim
1162:Idham Chalid
1140:independence
1104:Haji Misbach
1079:Ahmad Dahlan
989:Sunan Drajat
984:Sunan Bonang
925:Malikussaleh
754:
750:
720:(1): 25–34.
717:
713:
689:
681:Bibliography
670:
662:
635:
608:
573:
561:
549:
505:
493:
481:
446:
434:
399:
364:
336:
332:
328:
316:
314:
302:
296:
290:
286:
280:
274:
268:
262:
256:
255:(nunation),
252:
246:
240:
236:
230:
224:
220:
197:
194:
187:
180:
158:
155:
126:
95:
94:
1942:Kota santri
1878: [
1861: [
1834: [
1822: [
1731: [
1470:Darul Islam
1444:Ummah Party
1232:Abdul Somad
1222:Ma'ruf Amin
1119:Rasuna Said
1094:Mas Mansoer
1019:Sunan Murya
1014:Sunan Kudus
979:Sunan Ampel
965: [
906: [
894: [
884:Classic era
655:Nakata 2009
640:Nakata 2009
311:Development
2079:Categories
1809:Serak Gulo
1787:Sholawatan
1637:Poso riots
1529:Wali Sanga
1269:Alkhairaat
1207:Amien Rais
1124:Agus Salim
994:Sunan Giri
974:Wali Sanga
950:Tuanku Rao
829:Shia Islam
386:References
323:Yogyakarta
217:isolation.
171:Background
147:Yogyakarta
2036:East Java
2019:By region
2005:Modernist
1973:Movements
1957:Pesantren
1913:Education
1894:Wetu Telu
1888:Tombo Ati
1875:Tirakatan
1750:Manakiban
1589:Padri War
1055:National
834:Ahmadiyya
777:2502-8057
738:Republika
726:1979-7877
671:Republika
628:Gade 2004
613:Gade 2004
601:Gade 2004
542:Gade 2004
510:Gade 2004
498:Gade 2004
486:Gade 2004
474:Gade 2004
451:Gade 2004
439:Gade 2004
427:Gade 2004
404:Gade 2004
391:Citations
368:pesantren
289:rules of
245:(-i) and
135:Indonesia
109:romanized
89:Indonesia
1921:Al-Munir
1899:Yaqowiyu
1870:Tausiyah
1858:Takbiran
1853:Tahlilan
1814:Slametan
1701:Costumes
1356:GP Ansor
1339:Aisyiyah
822:Branches
339:Malaysia
270:alif lam
264:qalqalah
139:Malaysia
133:used in
131:textbook
66:textbook
54:Language
1904:Yasinan
1831:Suronan
1804:Sekaten
1777:Qasidah
1760:Mosques
1745:Lebaran
1711:Songkok
1665:Culture
1503:History
1458:Militia
852:Priyayi
847:Abangan
839:Kejawèn
382:(MTQ).
208:Content
123:
111::
1848:Tabuik
1819:Suroan
1782:Rebana
1755:Maulid
1740:Kauman
1723:Hadroh
1716:Sarong
1706:Kupiah
1465:Banser
1373:PERSIS
1361:JATMAN
857:Santri
775:
761:: 25.
724:
697:
359:Padang
298:ikhfa'
287:tajwid
282:idgham
276:tajwid
253:tanwin
248:dammah
242:kasrah
237:fathah
232:fathah
189:tajwid
160:tajwid
143:Arabic
100:Arabic
34:Author
1952:LIPIA
1882:]
1865:]
1838:]
1826:]
1792:Saman
1735:]
1728:Khaul
1687:Tajug
1682:Bedug
1598:Post-
1378:PERTI
1177:Hamka
1138:Post-
969:]
940:Padri
910:]
898:]
757:(1).
751:Nadwa
374:, or
372:surau
292:iqlab
258:sukun
151:Quran
115:iqraʾ
62:Genre
20:Iqra
2026:Aceh
1947:Kyai
1927:Iqro
1672:Adat
1510:Pre-
773:ISSN
722:ISSN
695:ISBN
349:Uses
343:Jawi
318:kyai
304:waqf
137:and
121:lit.
104:اقرأ
96:Iqro
763:doi
370:or
202:nun
184:/θ/
2081::
1880:id
1863:id
1836:id
1824:id
1733:id
967:id
908:id
896:id
771:.
755:11
716:.
712:.
669:.
647:^
620:^
585:^
534:^
517:^
458:^
411:^
192:.
167:.
118:,
106:,
102::
68:,
807:e
800:t
793:v
779:.
765::
728:.
718:2
703:.
580:.
98:(
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