50:
1491:
1496:
438:
420:
382:
353:
340:
226:, with no coherent ideology or agenda. It was the main reason to deny opportunities to seek a popular following through nationalist or socialist appeals, although its pragmatism and opportunism were advantageous in recruiting.
1408:
1320:
1285:
1383:
1586:
1453:
766:
P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs (1986). "Mad̲j̲lis". In W. Madelung; Rahman, Munibur; Landau, J. M.; Yapp, M.E.; Robinson, F.C.R. (eds.).
1310:
1571:
1428:
801:
748:
752:
1561:
1325:
1047:
1443:
950:
1537:
1152:
1305:
830:
John H. Lorentz (2010). "Rastakhiz Party". The A to Z of Iran. The A to Z Guide Series. Vol. 209. Scarecrow Press. pp. 266–268. ISBN 978-1461731917
1566:
1433:
1360:
229:
It comprised technocrats and former civil servants; supported the Court (probably having been initiated by it), identifying with the policies of
1591:
1235:
1162:
1087:
623:
1556:
1576:
1315:
1270:
1240:
1472:
1438:
1040:
673:
648:
1102:
1057:
934:
910:
885:
855:
785:
698:
406:
363:
321:
148:
1393:
815:
1458:
1418:
1398:
1157:
1147:
1112:
1107:
241:). This party was active from 1963 to 1975. In 1975, the Shah ordered the dissolution of all parties. According to the order of
1082:
1530:
1033:
1448:
1368:
1300:
1280:
1225:
503:
486:
469:
116:
1581:
1215:
1265:
795:
1503:
1142:
1097:
967:
952:
Political orientations and the style of intergroup leadership interactions: the case of
Iranian political parties
1523:
1423:
1403:
1340:
1002:
216:
1200:
1092:
178:
1378:
1330:
1295:
1230:
1137:
1117:
768:
86:
1413:
1290:
1185:
742:
242:
567:
1190:
666:
Iranian
Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini
1373:
1220:
1132:
555:
190:
1275:
959:
730:
579:
368:
289:
264:
250:
230:
212:
128:
60:
1345:
615:
608:
930:
906:
881:
851:
845:
781:
694:
669:
644:
619:
543:
326:
260:
255:
153:
1507:
1025:
1245:
1066:
1017:
773:
234:
169:
143:
20:
1350:
1180:
1122:
929:, vol. 5, Israel Oriental Society, Reuven Shiloah Research Center, pp. 682–684,
246:
208:
96:
49:
27:
1250:
294:
223:
721:(Autumn 1973). "Iran Finds a Party System: The Institutionalization of "Iran Novin"".
1550:
1127:
963:
777:
691:
From
Resilience to Revolution: How Foreign Interventions Destabilize the Middle East
1388:
1205:
1195:
1172:
989:
204:
106:
1210:
1260:
1074:
133:
643:. The A to Z Guide Series. Vol. 209. Scarecrow Press. pp. 266–268.
1490:
196:
121:
734:
1495:
1409:
People's
Revolutionary Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran
876:
Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (2001). "Iran".
1321:
Organization of
Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class
1255:
993:
200:
1029:
772:. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
1384:
Office for the
Cooperation of the People with the President
245:, all parties should be merged into a single party called
222:
The party was "indistinguishable from the state", i.e. a
1454:
Mojahedin of the
Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization
1511:
183:
880:. Vol. I. Oxford University Press. p. 74.
267:were two of the most famous leaders of this party.
1359:
1171:
1073:
905:, vol. 4, John Wiley & Sons, p. 484,
127:
115:
102:
92:
82:
74:
66:
56:
35:
958:(PhD thesis). Ohio State University. p. 303.
607:
259:that the dissolution of parties was a wrong move.
233:and self-proclaimed its role as "guardian" of the
1311:Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas
1429:Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization
1326:Organization of Working-class Freedom Fighters
1587:Political parties in Pahlavi Iran (1941–1979)
1531:
1041:
816:"Interview with Nahavandi, Houshang: Tape 05"
8:
1444:Association for Defence of Revolution Values
800:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
747:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
639:John H. Lorentz (2010). "Rastakhiz Party".
1538:
1524:
1048:
1034:
1026:
985:
751:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
693:. Columbia University Press. p. 138.
32:
1286:Organization of Communist Revolutionaries
207:for more than a decade, controlling both
1572:Political parties disestablished in 1975
525:
454:
279:
1434:Coalition of the Oppressed and Deprived
614:. Princeton University Press. pp.
598:
253:, Mohammad Reza Shah wrote in his book
1236:Movement of God-Worshipping Socialists
848:. Stein & Day Pub. United Kingdom
793:
740:
1562:Political parties established in 1963
966:. osu1487090992443849. Archived from
871:
869:
867:
729:(4). Middle East Institute: 439–455.
712:
710:
219:was regarded as its main opposition.
7:
1487:
1485:
1463:Worker-Communist Unity Party of Iran
1241:United Front of Progressive Parties
173:
1510:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
878:Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook
14:
1153:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1494:
1489:
1459:Islamic Iran Participation Front
1419:Front for the Liberation of Iran
1158:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
778:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0606
437:
436:
419:
418:
381:
380:
351:
338:
195:'New Iran Party') was a
48:
1439:Coalition of Imam's Line groups
1058:political organizations in Iran
1567:1975 disestablishments in Iran
1394:Muslim People's Republic Party
1163:Revolutionary Republican Party
844:Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza.(1980)
352:
339:
16:1964–1975 ruling party of Iran
1:
1592:Iranian political party stubs
1088:Socialist Revolutionary Party
927:Middle East Record: 1969–1970
1449:Islamic Reconciliation Party
1369:Coalition of Islamic Parties
1301:Union of Communist Militants
1281:League of Iranian Socialists
1226:Azerbaijani Democratic Party
925:Dishon, Daniel, ed. (1977),
664:Houchang E. Chehabi (1990).
610:Iran Between Two Revolutions
1557:1963 establishments in Iran
1306:Union of Iranian Communists
606:Abrahamian, Ervand (1982).
184:
1608:
1577:Monarchist parties in Iran
1484:
1266:Society of Muslim Warriors
668:. I.B.Tauris. p. 39.
25:
18:
1470:
1399:National Democratic Front
1316:People's Democratic Front
1098:Moderate Socialists Party
1064:
1014:
1007:
999:
988:
367:
293:
288:
285:
282:
139:
47:
1424:Islamic Republican Party
1404:Radical Movement of Iran
1103:Union and Progress Party
949:Mehrdad, Hormoz (1980).
40:
26:Not to be confused with
19:Not to be confused with
1504:Iranian political party
1113:Unified Socialist Party
1083:Social Democratic Party
901:Dishon, Daniel (1973),
719:(subscription required)
215:from 1964 to 1975. The
129:Political position
1502:This article about an
1148:Young Communist League
1118:Social Reformers Party
769:Encyclopaedia of Islam
249:. Some time after the
1414:Azadegan Organization
1291:Islamic Nations Party
1216:National Union Party
527:Secretaries-General
1374:Quintuple Coalition
1331:Nationalists' Party
1221:National Will Party
1003:Nationalists’ Party
723:Middle East Journal
717:Marvin G. Weinbaum
556:Ataollah Khosravani
528:
199:political party in
185:Ḥezb-e Īrān-e Novīn
87:Nationalists' Party
1582:Secularism in Iran
1108:Progressives Party
903:Middle East Record
689:Yom, Sean (2015).
641:The A to Z of Iran
580:Amir-Abbas Hoveyda
526:
369:Amir-Abbas Hoveyda
265:Amir-Abbas Hoveyda
261:Hassan Ali Mansour
243:Mohammad Reza Shah
203:and the country's
61:Hassan Ali Mansour
1519:
1518:
1479:
1478:
1024:
1023:
1015:Succeeded by
1009:Iran Novin Party
846:Answer to history
796:cite encyclopedia
625:978-0-691-10134-7
590:
589:
568:Manouchehr Kalali
544:Hassan Ali Mansur
519:
518:
448:
447:
327:Hassan Ali Mansur
271:Electoral history
256:Answer to History
194:
182:
162:
161:
149:Political parties
1599:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1361:Islamic Republic
1246:Iran Unity Party
1201:Motherland Party
1173:Pahlavi monarchy
1133:Reformers' Party
1067:Politics of Iran
1050:
1043:
1036:
1027:
1018:Resurgence Party
1000:Preceded by
986:
975:
974:
972:
957:
946:
940:
939:
922:
916:
915:
898:
892:
891:
873:
862:
861:
840:
834:
833:
826:
820:
819:
812:
806:
805:
799:
791:
763:
757:
756:
746:
738:
720:
714:
705:
704:
686:
680:
679:
661:
655:
654:
636:
630:
629:
613:
603:
529:
511:
494:
477:
455:
440:
439:
432:
422:
421:
414:
394:
384:
383:
376:
355:
354:
342:
341:
334:
280:
239:Pāsdār-e Enqelāb
235:White Revolution
189:
187:
177:
175:
166:Iran Novin Party
144:Politics of Iran
111:
93:Merged into
83:Preceded by
70:15 December 1963
52:
33:
21:Iran-Novin Party
1607:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1466:
1379:Grand coalition
1355:
1351:Rastakhiz Party
1346:Iranians' Party
1167:
1143:Communist Party
1138:Socialist Party
1123:Learned Council
1069:
1060:
1054:
1020:
1011:
1005:
984:
979:
978:
970:
955:
948:
947:
943:
937:
924:
923:
919:
913:
900:
899:
895:
888:
875:
874:
865:
858:
842:
841:
837:
828:
827:
823:
814:
813:
809:
792:
788:
765:
764:
760:
739:
718:
716:
715:
708:
701:
688:
687:
683:
676:
663:
662:
658:
651:
638:
637:
633:
626:
605:
604:
600:
595:
524:
512:
509:
495:
492:
478:
475:
453:
433:
430:
415:
412:
395:
392:
377:
374:
335:
332:
278:
273:
251:1979 revolution
247:Rastakhiz Party
158:
109:
97:Rastakhiz Party
43:
42:
39:
31:
28:Iran-e-No Party
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1605:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1499:
1477:
1476:
1473:Active parties
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1341:People's Party
1338:
1336:New Iran Party
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1251:Comrades Party
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1231:Democrat Party
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1186:Progress Party
1183:
1181:New Iran Party
1177:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1093:Democrat Party
1090:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1075:Qajar monarchy
1071:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1006:
1001:
997:
996:
983:
982:External links
980:
977:
976:
973:on 2019-12-20.
941:
935:
917:
911:
893:
886:
863:
856:
835:
821:
807:
786:
758:
706:
699:
681:
675:978-1850431985
674:
656:
650:978-1461731917
649:
631:
624:
597:
596:
594:
591:
588:
587:
585:
582:
576:
575:
573:
570:
564:
563:
561:
558:
552:
551:
549:
546:
540:
539:
536:
533:
523:
520:
517:
516:
513:
508:
506:
500:
499:
496:
491:
489:
483:
482:
479:
474:
472:
466:
465:
462:
459:
452:
451:Local councils
449:
446:
445:
442:
434:
429:
427:
424:
416:
411:
409:
403:
402:
399:
396:
391:
389:
386:
378:
373:
371:
366:
360:
359:
356:
349:
346:
343:
336:
331:
329:
324:
318:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
298:
297:
292:
287:
284:
277:
274:
272:
269:
224:party of power
217:People's Party
174:حزب ایران نوین
160:
159:
157:
156:
151:
146:
140:
137:
136:
131:
125:
124:
119:
113:
112:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
45:
44:
41:حزب ایران نوین
38:New Iran Party
37:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1604:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:Toilers Party
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:Justice Party
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:Revival Party
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1004:
998:
995:
991:
987:
981:
969:
965:
961:
954:
953:
945:
942:
938:
936:9780470216118
932:
928:
921:
918:
914:
912:9780470216118
908:
904:
897:
894:
889:
887:0-19-924958-X
883:
879:
872:
870:
868:
864:
859:
857:0-8128-2755-4
853:
849:
847:
839:
836:
831:
825:
822:
817:
811:
808:
803:
797:
789:
787:9789004161214
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:
762:
759:
754:
750:
744:
736:
732:
728:
724:
713:
711:
707:
702:
700:9780231540278
696:
692:
685:
682:
677:
671:
667:
660:
657:
652:
646:
642:
635:
632:
627:
621:
617:
612:
611:
602:
599:
592:
586:
583:
581:
578:
577:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
537:
534:
531:
530:
521:
514:
510:3,246 / 3,786
507:
505:
502:
501:
497:
490:
488:
485:
484:
480:
473:
471:
468:
467:
463:
460:
457:
456:
450:
443:
435:
428:
425:
417:
410:
408:
405:
404:
400:
397:
390:
387:
379:
372:
370:
365:
362:
361:
357:
350:
347:
344:
337:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
299:
296:
291:
286:Party leader
281:
275:
270:
268:
266:
262:
258:
257:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
192:
186:
180:
171:
167:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
130:
126:
123:
120:
118:
114:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
46:
34:
29:
22:
1512:expanding it
1501:
1481:
1389:Eponym Group
1335:
1206:Jungle Party
1196:Peykar Party
1008:
990:Ruling party
968:the original
951:
944:
926:
920:
902:
896:
877:
843:
838:
829:
824:
810:
767:
761:
743:cite journal
726:
722:
690:
684:
665:
659:
640:
634:
609:
601:
254:
238:
228:
221:
205:ruling party
165:
163:
107:Worker House
78:2 March 1975
1276:Third Force
1211:Azure Party
1056:Historical
476:806 / 1,068
276:Legislature
103:Worker wing
1551:Categories
1261:Aria Party
1012:1963–1975
593:References
584:1974–1975
572:1969–1974
560:1965–1969
548:1963–1965
522:Leadership
290:Parliament
213:parliament
134:Right-wing
964:148645507
493:838 / 943
458:Election
413:230 / 268
398:Unknown
375:180 / 219
348:Unknown
333:140 / 200
283:Election
179:romanized
154:Elections
110:(1967–75)
75:Dissolved
231:the Shah
211:and the
197:royalist
122:Royalism
117:Ideology
735:4325140
535:Tenure
431:28 / 30
393:26 / 30
209:cabinet
193:
181::
170:Persian
67:Founded
57:Founder
962:
933:
909:
884:
854:
784:
733:
697:
672:
647:
622:
461:Seats
310:Seats
301:Seats
295:Senate
1506:is a
1256:SUMKA
971:(PDF)
960:S2CID
956:(PDF)
731:JSTOR
532:Name
1508:stub
1296:JAMA
994:Iran
931:ISBN
907:ISBN
882:ISBN
852:ISBN
802:link
782:ISBN
753:link
749:link
695:ISBN
670:ISBN
645:ISBN
620:ISBN
538:Ref
515:1st
504:1972
498:1st
487:1970
481:1st
470:1968
464:Pos
444:1st
426:1st
407:1971
401:1st
388:1st
364:1967
358:1st
345:1st
322:1963
316:Pos
313:+/−
307:Pos
304:+/−
263:and
201:Iran
191:lit.
164:The
992:of
774:doi
616:440
423:50
385:40
1553::
866:^
850:.
798:}}
794:{{
780:.
745:}}
741:{{
727:27
725:.
709:^
618:.
441:2
188:,
176:,
172::
1539:e
1532:t
1525:v
1514:.
1049:e
1042:t
1035:v
890:.
860:.
832:.
818:.
804:)
790:.
776::
755:)
737:.
703:.
678:.
653:.
628:.
237:(
168:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
