1331:... the majority of the participants self-identified themselves as Persian instead of Iranian, due to the stereotypes and negative portrayals of Iranians in the media and politics. Adolescents from Jewish and Baháʼí faiths asserted their religious identity more than their ethnic identity. The fact Iranians use Persian interchangeably is nothing to do with current Iranian government because the name Iran was used before this period as well. Linguistically modern Persian is a branch of Old Persian in the family of Indo-European languages and that includes all the minorities as well more inclusively.
1442:
Lurs, Turkamans, Arabs, as well as tribes such as
Ghasghaie, and Bakhtiari), linguistic/dialogic background (Persian, Azari, Gialki, Mazandarani, Kurdish, Arabic, and others). Cultural, religious and political, and various other differences among Iranians reflect their diverse social and interpersonal interactions. Some studies suggest that, despite the existence of subgroup within Iranian immigrants (e.g. various ethno-religious groups), their nationality as Iranians has been an important point of reference and identifiable source of their identification as a group across time and setting.
71:
55:
2901:
101:
114:
2889:
2595:
48:
88:
1098:
Iran is a primarily Shia Muslim country with Jewish, Baháʼí, Christian and
Zoroastrian communities, a fact reflected in the migrant population in the UK. However, there is an increasing number of Iranian Atheists and Agnostics. Some Iranians in the UK have converted from Shi'ism to various sects of
1073:
of 1979. In the following five years, an estimated 8,000 Iranian asylum seekers arrived in the country. The 1981 census showed 28,617 persons born in Iran (18,132 men, 10,485 women). Iranians were not separately distinguished in the 1991 census. The 2001 census recorded 42,494 persons born in Iran.
1441:
According to previous studies, the presence of heterogeneity is evident among
Iranian immigrants (also known as Persians – Iran was known as Persia until 1935) who came from myriads of religious (Muslim, Christian, Jewish, Armenian, Assyrian, Baháʼí and Zoroastrian), ethnic (Turk, Kurds, Baluchs,
1020:, in formal correspondence. Since then the use of the word "Iran" has become more common in the Western countries. This also changed the usage of the terms for Iranian nationality, and the common adjective for citizens of Iran changed from "Persian" to "Iranian". In 1959, the government of
1838:
2172:, Iranian Association was established as a registered charity in 1985 providing information and advice. It is also involved with art and culture, working with the British and Victoria & Albert museums to improve Iranian participation in London's cultural life.
1417:
1078:
estimates that, in 2017, 70,000 Iranian-born people were living in the UK. In 2004, the
Iranian embassy in London estimated that as many as 75,000 Iranians might reside in the country. Most adults are themselves immigrants; the
1759:
1406:
Racial and Ethnic
Relations in America, Carl Leon Bankston,"Therefore, Turkish and Iranian (Persian) Americans, who are Muslims but not ethnically Arabs, are often mistakenly..", Salem Press, 2000
1881:
1907:
1167:
1735:
1055:
within the
British-Iranian community, leading some scholars to believe that the label "Iranian" is more inclusive, since the label "Persian" excludes non-Persian minorities. The
1087:
1839:"Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom, excluding some residents in communal establishments, by sex, by country of birth, January 2017 to December 2017"
2583:
911:
2921:
1817:
2074:
Gharibi, Khadij; Mirvahedi, Seyed Hadi (2021). "'You are
Iranian even if you were born on the moon': family language policies of the Iranian diaspora in the UK".
825:
1660:
Elizabeth Chacko, Contemporary ethnic geographies in
America // Ines M. Miyares, Christopher A. Airriess (eds.), Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, pp. 325–326
2393:
486:
2926:
1032:
965:
As of the 2021 United
Kingdom census, the British-Iranian population was approx. 114,432 people. The vast majority of British-Iranians arrived after the
471:
1043:, which comprise about 65% of Iran's population. While the majority of British-Iranians come from Persian backgrounds, there is a significant number of
1249:
1305:
Daha, Maryam (September 2011). "Contextual
Factors Contributing to Ethnic Identity Development of Second-Generation Iranian American Adolescents".
2462:
755:
668:
314:
1031:
There is a tendency among British-Iranians to categorize themselves as "Persian" rather than "Iranian", mainly to dissociate themselves from the
2419:
1457:
629:
557:
481:
2936:
2576:
2533:
2145:
2126:
2064:
2031:
2013:
1645:
1618:
1591:
1564:
1427:
1384:
1354:
904:
1074:
In the 2011 census, 79,985 Iranian-born people were recorded in England, 1,695 in Wales, 2,773 in Scotland and 282 in Northern Ireland. The
2931:
2723:
2427:
2224:
2209:
880:
638:
505:
440:
290:
2941:
2378:
2178:, A non-political charity promoting the history and culture of Iran. It organises everything from lectures and talks to poetry recitals.
425:
353:
1361:
Iranian/Persian Americans – The flow of Iranian citizens into the United States began in 1979, during and after the Islamic Revolution.
2683:
2493:
2447:
2299:
2269:
1785:
1145:
689:
658:
581:
1118:
973:
arriving in the United Kingdom in the following five years. Due to intensifying religious and political persecution, particularly of
2437:
2249:
1523:
875:
849:
790:
648:
543:
363:
358:
328:
2569:
2561:
2442:
2289:
1485:
897:
844:
839:
653:
572:
491:
445:
388:
343:
333:
2483:
2432:
2136:
Spellman, Kathryn (2004), "Gendered spaces of exchange: Iranian Muslim religious practices in London", in Titley, Gavan (ed.),
854:
834:
811:
806:
765:
750:
745:
684:
643:
466:
450:
373:
323:
2523:
2503:
2333:
2274:
1842:
1763:
1729:
1493:
1075:
859:
816:
785:
724:
610:
562:
529:
435:
378:
348:
2550:
2513:
2343:
2284:
2232:
1419:
Second-generation Iranian-Americans: The Relationship Between Ethnic Identity, Acculturation, and Psychological Well-being
1180:'2022' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Country of birth: UV204'
1024:, Reza Shah's son, announced that both "Persia" and "Iran" could officially be used interchangeably. However the issue is
885:
719:
709:
590:
567:
514:
2879:
2457:
2278:
1792:
534:
524:
519:
430:
404:
338:
2758:
2662:
2543:
2528:
2452:
2262:
780:
704:
663:
383:
368:
2326:
1057:
79:
1212:
2856:
1044:
740:
2202:
1813:
1108:
760:
1276:
2866:
1968:
932:
775:
256:
1190:
2698:
275:
1083:
are quite young, and so there are relatively few adults of Iranian background born and raised in the UK.
2905:
2835:
1080:
1021:
2861:
216:
2667:
2657:
2641:
2311:
1086:
In the six-year period between 2018 and 2023, 21,565 Iranian nationals entered the United Kingdom by
1048:
977:, the numbers of Iranian asylum seekers arriving at UK soil has significantly risen in recent years.
974:
595:
305:
175:
1454:
2830:
2788:
2768:
2753:
2708:
2350:
2195:
1856:
1513:
620:
2793:
2778:
2748:
2338:
2097:
1322:
1070:
1036:
966:
615:
2703:
1692:
1670:
1635:
2814:
2809:
2763:
2718:
2713:
2625:
2620:
2488:
2383:
2316:
2141:
2122:
2060:
2027:
2009:
1641:
1614:
1587:
1560:
1519:
1497:
1489:
1423:
1380:
1374:
1350:
1052:
600:
187:
179:
2006:
Food For Health, Food For Wealth: Ethnic and Gender Identities in British Iranian Communities
1608:
1099:
Christianity. There are also active Jewish and Christian communities among British Iranians.
1061:
uses a variety of similar and overlapping definitions for the terms "Persian" and "Iranian".
2773:
2743:
2693:
2599:
2498:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2237:
2087:
2079:
1944:
1581:
1314:
1113:
943:
770:
420:
183:
171:
124:
2851:
2688:
2400:
2321:
2257:
2114:
2052:
1509:
1461:
1017:
605:
552:
237:
Does not include ethnic Iranians born in the United Kingdom or those with Iranian ancestry
167:
2187:
2110:
2048:
2518:
2405:
1281:
1040:
936:
699:
476:
270:
224:
70:
54:
1039:
and the negativity associated with it, and also to distinguish themselves as being of
2915:
2538:
2478:
2101:
1326:
993:
970:
714:
300:
1254:
997:
496:
212:
208:
2083:
1739:
1552:
1344:
2893:
1908:"Statistics relating to the Illegal Migration Act: data tables to December 2023"
1477:
285:
220:
1882:"Official Statistics: Irregular migration to the UK, year ending December 2022"
17:
2388:
204:
200:
151:
1318:
946:. Iranians in the United Kingdom are referred to by hyphenated terms such as
2160:
1168:"Table UV204 - Country of birth: Country by Country of Birth by Individuals"
1005:
295:
155:
2184:, Kayhan London is a publication for Iranian expats in London and beyond.
106:
2024:
Religion and Nation: Iranian Local and Transnational Networks in Britain
1760:"2011 Census: Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales"
2169:
2140:, Council of Europe. Directorate of Youth and Sport, pp. 151–161,
2092:
1013:
93:
2121:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 273–275.
2059:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 275–276.
1671:"Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition"
1001:
147:
1193:. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 22 September 2022
2008:, The Anthropology of Food and Nutrition, Oxford: Berghahn Books,
280:
119:
2594:
940:
47:
2565:
2191:
2119:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XI/3: Great Britain IV–Greece VIII
2057:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XI/3: Great Britain IV–Greece VIII
2175:
2164:
1855:
Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95%
2181:
1090:– the most common nationality of all small boat arrivals.
1069:
The vast majority of Iranians in the UK arrived after the
2111:"Great Britain xii. The Persian Community in Britain (1)"
2049:"Great Britain xii. The Persian Community in Britain (2)"
1555:. In Mary C. Waters; Reed Ueda; Helen B. Marrow (eds.).
1482:
The Ayatollah Begs to Differ: The Paradox of Modern Iran
1736:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
76:
Iranian-born residents in the United Kingdom: 114,432
2877:
2076:
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
1712:
1710:
1277:"Iran Tries to Stem Religious Conversions from Islam"
2161:
The Flight from Tehran: British-Iranians 30 Years On
1557:
The New Americans: A Guide to Immigration since 1965
27:
Iranian citizens and nationals of the United Kingdom
2844:
2823:
2802:
2736:
2676:
2650:
2634:
2613:
2606:
2471:
2418:
2298:
2248:
2223:
194:
161:
141:
62:
1250:"Christian converts under pressure to leave Iran"
1818:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
1610:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania
1140:
1138:
939:, as well as British residents and citizens of
1346:Health in America: A Multicultural Perspective
1088:crossing the English Channel using small boats
2577:
2203:
1546:
1544:
1542:
905:
36:
8:
2026:, Forced Migration, Oxford: Berghahn Books,
1640:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1766.
33:
2610:
2584:
2570:
2562:
2304:
2210:
2196:
2188:
1637:Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z
912:
898:
247:
32:
2091:
1868:
1814:"Country of Birth – Full Detail: QS206NI"
1559:. Harvard University Press. p. 469.
1376:The American Ethnic Cookbook for Students
1236:
969:of 1979, with an estimated 8,000 Iranian
2163:, a series of radio programmes from the
1988:
1955:
1932:
1716:
1191:"MS-A18: Country of birth - full detail"
1008:asked foreign delegates to use the term
2884:
1134:
867:
824:
798:
732:
676:
628:
580:
542:
504:
458:
412:
396:
313:
262:
255:
230:
2922:Iranian diaspora in the United Kingdom
1300:
1298:
992:, partly due to the fact that, in the
2218:Asian diasporas in the United Kingdom
1248:Rouch, Abigail Frymann (2024-02-23).
7:
1515:Greater Iran: A 20th-century Odyssey
142:Regions with significant populations
1613:. Infobase Publishing. p. 68.
37:
1607:Barbara A. West (1 January 2009).
1035:which has been in power since the
1025:
186:and other languages of Iran. (see
25:
2927:British people of Iranian descent
1580:Svante E. Cornell (20 May 2015).
2899:
2887:
2593:
1634:James Minahan (1 January 2002).
1486:Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group
1455:Persia or Iran, Persian or Farsi
1349:. Kendall/Hunt Pub. p. 31.
1148:. Office for National Statistics
112:
99:
86:
69:
53:
46:
1969:"Persian community join the US"
1416:Darya, Fereshteh Haeri (2007).
2047:Baghaei-Yazdi, Namdar (2002).
1843:Office for National Statistics
1764:Office for National Statistics
1307:Journal of Adolescent Research
1170:. National Records of Scotland
1076:Office for National Statistics
1016:of the country used since the
1000:was known as "Persia". On the
925:Iranians in the United Kingdom
1:
2084:10.1080/01434632.2021.1935974
1786:"Country of birth (detailed)"
1583:Azerbaijan Since Independence
1343:Nakamura, Raymond M. (2003).
1146:"Country of birth (extended)"
1119:Iran–United Kingdom relations
988:is used interchangeably with
2937:Muslim communities in Europe
1793:National Records of Scotland
1695:. Collins English Dictionary
2932:Islam in the United Kingdom
1275:Bandow, Doug (2024-05-11).
2958:
2942:Iranian diaspora in Europe
2109:Spellman, Kathryn (2002).
2022:Spellman, Kathryn (2004),
1551:Bozorgmehr, Mehdi (2009).
1058:Collins English Dictionary
733:African and Afro-Caribbean
137:70,000 (2017 ONS estimate)
2857:Foreign relations of Iran
2359:
2307:
1731:Country-of-birth database
1693:"Definition of "Persian""
1379:. ABC-CLIO. p. 213.
199:
166:
146:
67:
44:
2176:Iran Heritage Foundation
2004:Harbottle, Lynn (2004),
1586:. Routledge. p. 7.
1468:, vol. XXII no. 1 (1989)
1319:10.1177/0743558411402335
1109:List of British Iranians
935:who have settled in the
2867:Iranian nationality law
1673:. Collinsdictionary.com
1488:, September 23, 2008,
1033:Islamic regime of Iran
1373:Zanger, Mark (2001).
1022:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
931:consist of people of
2724:United Arab Emirates
1857:confidence intervals
1510:Frye, Richard Nelson
1496:, 9780385528429. p.
1045:non-Persian Iranians
135:84,735 (2011 census)
133:42,494 (2001 census)
2170:Iranian Association
2138:Resituating culture
1213:"Born abroad: Iran"
1026:still debated today
933:Iranian nationality
251:Part of a series on
130:Previous estimates:
41:
2862:Iran's brain drain
1484:, by Hooman Majd,
1460:2010-10-24 at the
1219:, 7 September 2005
1071:Iranian Revolution
975:Iranian Christians
967:Islamic Revolution
2875:
2874:
2732:
2731:
2559:
2558:
2414:
2413:
2147:978-92-871-5396-8
2128:978-0-933273-64-1
2066:978-0-933273-64-1
2033:978-1-57181-576-7
2015:978-1-57181-634-4
1647:978-0-313-32384-3
1620:978-1-4381-1913-7
1593:978-1-317-47621-4
1566:978-0-674-04493-7
1453:Yarshater, Ehsan
1429:978-0-542-97374-1
1386:978-1-57356-345-1
1356:978-0-7575-0637-6
1081:second generation
1041:Persian ethnicity
1006:Reza Shah Pahlavi
922:
921:
799:Northern American
413:Southern European
397:Northern European
246:
245:
188:Languages of Iran
38:ایرانیان بریتانیا
16:(Redirected from
2949:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2611:
2600:Iranian diaspora
2598:
2597:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2563:
2305:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2189:
2150:
2132:
2115:Yarshater, Ehsan
2105:
2095:
2070:
2053:Yarshater, Ehsan
2036:
2018:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1945:Religion in Iran
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1790:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1738:, archived from
1726:
1720:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1548:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1506:
1500:
1475:
1469:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1422:. pp. 3–4.
1413:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1245:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1142:
1114:Iranian diaspora
952:British-Persians
948:British-Iranians
929:British Iranians
914:
907:
900:
459:Western European
315:Eastern European
248:
238:
235:
125:Northern Ireland
118:
116:
115:
105:
103:
102:
96:: 106,801 (2021)
92:
90:
89:
74:
73:
63:Total population
58:
57:
51:
50:
42:
40:
39:
34:British-Iranians
21:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2852:Iranian peoples
2840:
2819:
2798:
2728:
2672:
2646:
2630:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2560:
2555:
2467:
2410:
2355:
2294:
2244:
2219:
2216:
2157:
2148:
2135:
2129:
2108:
2073:
2067:
2046:
2043:
2041:Further reading
2034:
2021:
2016:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1848:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1795:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1766:. 26 March 2013
1758:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1743:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1550:
1549:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1476:
1472:
1466:Iranian Studies
1462:Wayback Machine
1452:
1448:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1260:
1258:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1105:
1096:
1067:
1037:1979 revolution
1018:Sasanian Empire
990:British-Persian
986:British-Iranian
983:
960:Persian-Britons
956:Iranian-Britons
918:
630:Southeast Asian
242:
241:
236:
232:
168:British English
136:
134:
132:
128:
123:
113:
111:
110:
100:
98:
97:
87:
85:
84:
77:
68:
52:
45:
35:
31:
28:
23:
22:
18:Iranian-British
15:
12:
11:
5:
2955:
2953:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2906:United Kingdom
2896:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2784:United Kingdom
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2420:Southeast Asia
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2254:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2156:
2155:External links
2153:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2133:
2127:
2106:
2071:
2065:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2019:
2014:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1981:
1960:
1948:
1937:
1925:
1899:
1873:
1869:Harbottle 2004
1861:
1830:
1805:
1777:
1751:
1721:
1706:
1684:
1662:
1653:
1646:
1626:
1619:
1599:
1592:
1572:
1565:
1538:
1524:
1501:
1470:
1446:
1428:
1408:
1399:
1385:
1365:
1355:
1335:
1313:(5): 543–569.
1294:
1282:Cato Institute
1267:
1240:
1237:Harbottle 2004
1229:
1204:
1182:
1159:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1066:
1063:
982:
979:
971:asylum seekers
937:United Kingdom
920:
919:
917:
916:
909:
902:
894:
891:
890:
889:
888:
883:
878:
870:
869:
865:
864:
863:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
829:
828:
826:South American
822:
821:
820:
819:
814:
809:
801:
800:
796:
795:
794:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
735:
734:
730:
729:
728:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
679:
678:
674:
673:
672:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
633:
632:
626:
625:
624:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
585:
584:
578:
577:
576:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
547:
546:
540:
539:
538:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
509:
508:
502:
501:
500:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
461:
460:
456:
455:
454:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
415:
414:
410:
409:
408:
407:
399:
398:
394:
393:
392:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
318:
317:
311:
310:
309:
308:
303:
298:
293:
291:Northern Irish
288:
283:
278:
273:
265:
264:
263:United Kingdom
260:
259:
257:British people
253:
252:
244:
243:
240:
239:
229:
228:
225:Zoroastrianism
197:
196:
192:
191:
164:
163:
159:
158:
144:
143:
139:
138:
122:: 2,367 (2021)
109:: 4,803 (2022)
80:2021/22 census
65:
64:
60:
59:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2954:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2885:
2881:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2815:United States
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:North America
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2183:
2182:Kayhan London
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1991:, p. 103
1990:
1989:Spellman 2004
1985:
1982:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1958:, p. 147
1957:
1956:Spellman 2004
1952:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1933:Spellman 2004
1929:
1926:
1914:. Home Office
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1888:. Home Office
1887:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1871:, p. 145
1870:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1845:. 24 May 2018
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1794:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1742:on 2005-05-11
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:Spellman 2004
1713:
1711:
1707:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1527:
1525:9781568591773
1521:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1431:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1388:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
994:Western world
991:
987:
980:
978:
976:
972:
968:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
915:
910:
908:
903:
901:
896:
895:
893:
892:
887:
884:
882:
881:New Zealander
879:
877:
874:
873:
872:
871:
866:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
831:
830:
827:
823:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
803:
802:
797:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
737:
736:
731:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
681:
680:
675:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
635:
634:
631:
627:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
587:
586:
583:
579:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
549:
548:
545:
541:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
511:
510:
507:
506:Central Asian
503:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
463:
462:
457:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
417:
416:
411:
406:
403:
402:
401:
400:
395:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
321:
320:
319:
316:
312:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
267:
266:
261:
258:
254:
250:
249:
234:
231:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
131:
126:
121:
108:
95:
83:
81:
72:
66:
61:
56:
49:
43:
19:
2783:
2508:
2494:Azerbaijanis
2448:Singaporeans
2312:Bangladeshis
2270:Hong Kongers
2225:Central Asia
2137:
2118:
2075:
2056:
2023:
2005:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1963:
1951:
1940:
1935:, p. 59
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1911:
1902:
1890:. Retrieved
1885:
1876:
1864:
1847:. Retrieved
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1808:
1796:. Retrieved
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1754:
1744:, retrieved
1740:the original
1730:
1724:
1719:, p. 38
1697:. Retrieved
1687:
1677:September 4,
1675:. Retrieved
1665:
1656:
1636:
1629:
1609:
1602:
1582:
1575:
1556:
1531:December 21,
1529:. Retrieved
1514:
1504:
1481:
1478:Majd, Hooman
1473:
1465:
1449:
1440:
1433:. Retrieved
1418:
1411:
1402:
1392:December 21,
1390:. Retrieved
1375:
1368:
1360:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1310:
1306:
1286:. Retrieved
1280:
1270:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:Church Times
1253:
1243:
1232:
1221:, retrieved
1216:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1185:
1172:. Retrieved
1162:
1150:. Retrieved
1097:
1085:
1068:
1056:
1049:Azerbaijanis
1030:
1009:
989:
985:
984:
964:
959:
955:
951:
947:
928:
924:
923:
694:
426:Gibraltarian
233:
209:Christianity
205:Non-religion
129:
127:: 461 (2021)
75:
30:Ethnic group
2836:New Zealand
2759:Netherlands
2663:Philippines
2438:Indonesians
2351:Sri Lankans
2093:10037/21819
1892:23 February
1699:January 12,
1435:21 December
981:Terminology
781:Trinidadian
690:Azerbaijani
659:Singaporean
596:Bangladeshi
582:South Asian
221:Sunni Islam
176:Azerbaijani
2916:Categories
2684:Azerbaijan
2463:Vietnamese
2443:Malaysians
2389:Romanichal
2339:Pakistanis
2300:South Asia
2290:Mongolians
1746:2009-01-25
1494:0385528426
1288:2024-09-20
1261:2024-09-20
1125:References
876:Australian
850:Ecuadorian
791:Zimbabwean
677:West Asian
669:Vietnamese
649:Indonesian
621:Sri Lankan
558:Hongkonger
544:East Asian
446:Portuguese
364:Macedonian
359:Lithuanian
329:Belarusian
201:Shia Islam
152:Manchester
2831:Australia
2651:Southeast
2544:in London
2489:Assyrians
2484:Armenians
2472:West Asia
2433:Filipinos
2344:in London
2327:in London
2317:Bhutanese
2279:in London
2250:East Asia
2102:236221735
1918:2 January
1518:. Mazda.
1327:146592244
1004:of 1935,
845:Colombian
840:Brazilian
741:Barbadian
654:Malaysian
616:Pakistani
601:Bhutanese
573:Mongolian
389:Ukrainian
344:Hungarian
334:Bulgarian
227:, Other.
162:Languages
156:Liverpool
2845:See also
2668:Thailand
2658:Malaysia
2642:Pakistan
2534:Lebanese
2524:Israelis
2509:Iranians
2504:Emiratis
2499:Cypriots
2458:Timorese
2394:Scottish
2374:Punjabis
2369:Pashtuns
2364:Mirpuris
2334:Nepalese
2275:Japanese
2078:: 1–16.
1974:18 March
1512:(2005).
1458:Archived
1217:BBC News
1152:28 March
1103:See also
1094:Religion
1047:such as
944:heritage
868:Oceanian
855:Peruvian
835:Bolivian
812:Canadian
807:American
786:Sudanese
771:Nigerian
766:Jamaican
761:Guyanese
756:Ghanaian
751:Eritrean
746:Egyptian
685:Armenian
644:Filipino
611:Nepalese
563:Japanese
467:Austrian
374:Romanian
324:Albanian
301:Scottish
296:Orcadian
195:Religion
180:Armenian
107:Scotland
2880:Portals
2824:Oceania
2789:Romania
2769:Denmark
2754:Germany
2744:Finland
2709:Lebanon
2689:Bahrain
2551:Yemenis
2514:Syrians
2428:Burmese
2401:Sindhis
2322:Indians
2285:Koreans
2258:Chinese
2238:Pashtun
2117:(ed.).
2055:(ed.).
1998:Sources
1849:24 June
1823:24 June
1798:24 June
1770:24 June
1223:29 June
1065:History
1014:endonym
941:Iranian
860:Chilean
817:Mexican
725:Israeli
715:Turkish
705:Kurdish
695:Iranian
639:Burmese
553:Chinese
530:Turkmen
477:Flemish
451:Spanish
441:Maltese
436:Italian
421:Cypriot
405:Swedish
384:Serbian
379:Russian
354:Latvian
349:Kosovan
276:English
271:Cornish
213:Judaism
184:Kurdish
172:Persian
94:England
2810:Canada
2794:Russia
2779:Norway
2774:Sweden
2749:France
2737:Europe
2704:Kuwait
2699:Israel
2519:Iraqis
2406:Tamils
2379:Romani
2263:London
2233:Afghan
2144:
2125:
2100:
2063:
2030:
2012:
1912:gov.uk
1886:gov.uk
1644:
1617:
1590:
1563:
1553:"Iran"
1522:
1492:
1426:
1383:
1353:
1325:
1197:25 May
1174:24 May
1012:, the
1002:Nowruz
886:Fijian
776:Somali
720:Yemeni
710:Syrian
606:Indian
591:Afghan
568:Korean
520:Kyrgyz
515:Kazakh
487:German
482:French
369:Polish
281:Gaelic
217:Baháʼí
148:London
117:
104:
91:
2764:Spain
2719:Syria
2714:Qatar
2635:South
2626:Japan
2621:China
2539:Turks
2529:Kurds
2479:Arabs
2453:Thais
2113:. In
2098:S2CID
2051:. In
1789:(PDF)
1323:S2CID
1130:Notes
1053:Kurds
958:, or
700:Iraqi
535:Uzbek
525:Tajik
497:Swiss
492:Irish
472:Dutch
431:Greek
339:Czech
306:Welsh
120:Wales
2894:Iran
2694:Iraq
2677:West
2614:East
2607:Asia
2384:Kale
2142:ISBN
2123:ISBN
2061:ISBN
2028:ISBN
2010:ISBN
1976:2015
1920:2024
1894:2023
1851:2018
1825:2018
1800:2018
1772:2018
1701:2016
1679:2012
1642:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1533:2016
1520:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1437:2016
1424:ISBN
1394:2016
1381:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1225:2019
1199:2023
1176:2024
1154:2023
1051:and
1010:Iran
998:Iran
664:Thai
286:Manx
2165:BBC
2088:hdl
2080:doi
1498:161
1315:doi
962:.
927:or
2918::
2096:.
2086:.
1910:.
1884:.
1841:.
1816:.
1791:.
1762:.
1734:,
1709:^
1541:^
1480:,
1464:,
1439:.
1359:.
1329:.
1321:.
1311:26
1309:.
1297:^
1279:.
1252:.
1215:,
1137:^
1028:.
996:,
954:,
950:,
223:,
219:,
215:,
211:,
207:,
203:,
182:,
178:,
174:,
170:,
154:,
150:,
2882::
2585:e
2578:t
2571:v
2281:)
2277:(
2211:e
2204:t
2197:v
2131:.
2104:.
2090::
2082::
2069:.
1978:.
1922:.
1896:.
1859:.
1853:.
1827:.
1802:.
1774:.
1703:.
1681:.
1650:.
1623:.
1596:.
1569:.
1535:.
1396:.
1317::
1291:.
1264:.
1201:.
1178:.
1156:.
913:e
906:t
899:v
190:)
82:)
78:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
