383:
264:
1075:
1181:. Most of these communities no longer speak the Georgian language, but retain aspects of Georgian culture and keep a Georgian conscious. Some argue that Iranian Georgians retain remnants of Christian traditions, but there is no evidence for this. Most Georgians in Fereydunshahr and Fereydan speak and understand Georgian. Iranian Georgians observe the Shia traditions and also non-religious traditions similar to other people in Iran. They observe the traditions of
629:
526:
479:
285:
660:
2427:
2547:
1232:
712:
2559:
1246:
560:, the last Iranian empire that would, despite very briefly, have effective control over Georgia, 15,000 Georgians were moved to Iran according to the Persian sources, while the Georgian ones mention 22,000 persons. This last large wave of Georgian movement and settlement towards mainland Iran happened as a result of the
1215:
The number of
Georgians in Iran is estimated to be over 100,000. According to Encyclopaedia Georgiana (1986) some 12,000–14,000 lived in rural Fereydan c. 1896, and a more recent estimation cited by Rezvani (published 2009, written in 2008) states that there may be more than 61,000 Georgians in
363:. The Georgian deportees were settled by the Shah's government into the scarcely populated lands which were quickly made by their new inhabitants into the lively agricultural areas. Many of these new settlements were given Georgian names, reflecting the toponyms found in Georgia. During the
457:
from the far off easternmost regions of the empire took advantage of
Iranian internal weakness and invaded Iran. The Iranian Georgian contribution in wars against the invading Afghans was crucial. Georgians fought in the battle of Golnabad, and in the battle of
409:
claimed that there was no household in Persia without its
Georgian slaves, noticing the huge amounts of Georgians present everywhere in society. The later Safavid capital, Isfahan, was home to many Georgians. Many of the city's inhabitants were of Georgian,
1106:. In this area there are 10 Georgian towns and villages around Fereydunshahr. In this region the old Georgian identity is retained the best compared to other places in Iran, and most people speak and understand the Georgian language there.
347:. Most of modern-day Iranian Georgians are the latter's descendants, although the first large movements of Georgians from the Caucasus to the heartland of the Safavid empire in Iran happened as early as during the rule of
611:
with its five crosses. Saakashvili who stressed that the
Iranian Georgians have historically played an important role in defending Iran put flowers on the graves of the Iranian Georgian dead of the eight years long
572:
Despite their isolation from
Georgia, many Georgians have preserved their language and some traditions, but embraced Islam. The ethnographer Lado Aghniashvili was first from Georgia to visit this community in 1890.
1328:
Most of the nobility and royalty of
Georgian descent held numerous functions as officials and/or in the military, but are, for the sake of coherence and simplicity, virtually only included here in the list of
465:
In total, the
Persian sources mention that during the Safavid era 225,000 Georgians were transplanted to mainland Iran during the first two centuries, while the Georgian sources keep this number at 245,000.
1738:
1216:
Fereydan. Modern-day estimations regarding the number of
Iranian Georgians are that they compose over 100,000. They are also the largest Caucasus-derived group in the nation, ahead of the
1212:"Gorji" which means Georgian). They call their language Kartuli (Georgian: ქართული). As Rezvani states, this is not surprising given that all other Georgian dialects in Iran are extinct.
382:
1507:
418:
descent. Engelbert
Kaempfer, who was in Safavid Persia in 1684-85, estimated their number at 20,000. Following an agreement between Shah Abbas I and his Georgian subject
1761:
422:("Tahmuras Khan"), whereby the latter submitted to Safavid rule in exchange for being allowed to rule as the region's wāli (governor) and for having his son serve as
2154:
Muliani, S. (2001) Jâygâhe Gorjihâ dar Târix va
Farhang va Tamaddone Irân (The Georgians’ Position in Iranian History and Civilization). Esfahan: Yekta Publication.
426:("prefect") of Isfahan in perpetuity, a Georgian prince converted to Islam served as governor. He was accompanied by a certain number of soldiers, and they spoke in
2243:
2589:
1289:
351:. Subsequent waves of large deportations after Abbas also occurred throughout the rest of the 17th, but also the 18th and 19th centuries, the last ones by the
263:
434:. The royal court in Isfahan had a great number of Georgian ḡolāms (military slaves) as well as Georgian women. Although they spoke Persian or Turkic, their
2393:
2584:
2415:
2210:
1886:
2594:
1864:
1826:
2209:
Saakashvili visited Fereydunshahr and put flowers on the graves of the Iranian Georgian martyrs' graves, showing respect towards this community
989:
787:
513:, 5,000 Georgian families were moved to mainland Iran according to the Persian sources, while the Georgian sources keep it on 30,000 persons.
2173:
2159:
231:. A certain number of these, among them members of the nobility, also migrated voluntarily over the centuries, as well as some that moved as
973:
592:
leadership wanted to repatriate them to Georgia, Moscow clearly preferred to keep them in Iran. The Soviet plans were abandoned only after
1753:
1801:
1454:
2236:
584:. In 1945, this compact ethnic community, along with other ethnic minorities that populated northern Iran, came to the attention of the
356:
232:
2145:
2124:
1872:
1834:
1387:
1157:("Georgian neighborhood"). Many Georgians or Iranians of partial Georgian descent are also scattered in major Iranian cities, such as
1981:
1947:
1851:
1635:
1343:
201:
2064:
1937:
1846:
Aptin Khanbaghi (2006)The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early. London & New YorkIB Tauris.
1511:
695:
dynasties and nobility had Georgian blood. In fact, the heavily mixed Safavid dynasty (1501-1736) was of partial Georgian origins
2012:
2408:
1042:
316:
1572:
2579:
2229:
2105:
2074:
1467:
993:
596:
realized that his plans to obtain influence in northern Iran foiled by both Iranian stubbornness and United States pressure.
1971:
719:
900:
2537:
2091:
1751:
Cold War International History Project Bulletin, I issue, 14/15 – Conference Reports, Research Notes and Archival Updates
1264:
928:
803:
2168:
Rahimi, M. M. (2001) Gorjihâye Irân: Fereydunšahr (The Georgians of Iran; Fereydunshahr). Esfahan: Yekta Publication.
916:
696:
454:
1259:
2401:
2097:
1459:
1304:
1269:
1154:
268:
961:
896:
856:
760:
608:
2551:
1237:
981:
892:
753:
431:
607:. Thousands of local Georgians gave the delegation a warm welcome, which included waving of the newly adopted
367:
era, Georgia became so politically and somewhat culturally intertwined with Iran that Georgians replaced the
2517:
2004:
1348:
1001:
985:
908:
860:
807:
780:
1571:
Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb, Bernard Lewis, Johannes Hendrik Kramers, Charles Pellat, Joseph Schacht.
215:, develop industrial economy, strengthen the military, and populate newly built towns in various places in
1578:
904:
2305:
2252:
1014:
965:
941:
811:
419:
340:
2135:
339:, following a punitive campaign he conducted against his formerly most loyal Georgian servants, namely
1020:
2475:
2445:
2269:
1024:
932:
888:
835:
772:
344:
135:
99:
1074:
2524:
2512:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2359:
1378:
1299:
1279:
1217:
949:
945:
884:
868:
795:
776:
600:
561:
1188:
The local self-designation of Georgians in Iran, like the rest of the Georgians over the world is
331:
relocated some two hundred thousand from their historical homeland, eastern Georgian provinces of
2491:
2470:
1150:
1054:
924:
852:
848:
844:
791:
764:
749:
406:
236:
228:
63:
827:
613:
247:
have retained their distinct Georgian identity to this day, despite adopting certain aspects of
1750:
267:
Safavid courtiers leading Georgian captives. A mid-16th century Persian textile panel from the
2431:
2426:
2352:
2338:
2331:
2169:
2155:
2141:
2120:
2101:
2070:
1977:
1943:
1868:
1847:
1830:
1805:
1631:
1544:
Muliani, S. (2001) Jaygah-e Gorjiha dar Tarikh va Farhang va Tammadon-e Iran. Esfahan: Yekta
1463:
1294:
1274:
1195:
1087:
935:(Vakhtang V of Kartli), Mustafa, fourth son of Tahmasp I, Heydar Ali, third son of Tahmasp I.
864:
427:
398:
394:
177:
151:
107:
95:
75:
71:
59:
2193:
1489:
1421:
1368:
1209:
1138:
1110:
1028:
912:
823:
819:
768:
672:
668:
664:
510:
386:
327:. The first genuine compact Georgian settlements however appeared in Iran in the 1610s when
252:
161:
91:
67:
2311:
2016:
1757:
1091:
1035:
920:
799:
745:
688:
676:
450:
248:
103:
603:, became the first Georgian politician to have visited the Iranian Georgian community in
1865:"Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan"
1827:"Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan"
1099:
872:
687:
military commanders and administrators were (Islamized) Georgians. Many members of the
119:
2009:
659:
628:
588:
as a possible instrument for fomenting unrest in Iranian domestic politics. While the
525:
478:
315:
Most likely, the first extant community of Georgians within Iran was formed following
284:
2573:
2378:
2373:
2324:
2315:
2299:
2275:
1493:
1118:
1095:
1079:
1046:
977:
692:
604:
593:
557:
459:
446:
435:
352:
244:
205:
2182:
Sepiani, M. (1980) Irâniyâne Gorji (Georgian Iranians). Esfahan: Arash Publication.
1624:
Babaie, Sussan; Babayan, Kathryn; Baghdiantz-Maccabe, Ina; Farhad, Mussumeh (2004).
2366:
2287:
2188:
Rezvani, B. (2008) "The Islamization and Ethnogenesis of the Fereydani Georgians".
2055:
2009 Journal; Anthropology of the Middle East. Berghahn Journals. Vol 4. No 2. p 52
1970:
Adel, Gholamali Haddad; Elmi, Mohammad Jafar; Taromi-Rad, Hassan (31 August 2012).
1774:
1031:, suggest that they are/were (at least from the paternal side) of Georgian origin.
831:
589:
585:
328:
324:
323:, in which he deported some 30,000 Georgians and other Caucasians back to mainland
197:
1591:
953:
1625:
1440:
188:
empires and from the 16th century till the early 19th century, starting with the
2563:
1251:
880:
838:, Ahmad Beg Gorji Aktar (fl. 1819) and his brother Mohammad-Baqer Beg "Nasati”,
577:
411:
372:
200:, his predecessors, and successors, relocated by force hundreds of thousands of
2197:
1284:
1227:
1126:
876:
224:
181:
55:
462:. In the latter battle they brought a humiliating defeat to the Afghan army.
1425:
1309:
1142:
1114:
1039:
1032:
1010:
376:
368:
348:
212:
208:
185:
173:
131:
2053:
The Fereydani Georgian Representation of Identity and Narration of History
1480:
Rezvani, Babak (2009). "Iranian Georgians: Prerequisites for a Research".
1125:
where there remained only one old woman who remembered Georgian in 1934),
580:, the Georgian minority in Iran was caught in the pressures of the rising
2263:
1208:), although occasionally the ethnonyms Gorj, Gorji, or even Gurj-i (from
1190:
1130:
1122:
1103:
1069:
1050:
581:
415:
360:
320:
240:
189:
47:
2221:
2090:
Fisher, William Bayne; Avery, P.; Hambly, G. R. G; Melville, C. (1991).
1412:
Rezvani, Babak (Winter 2009). "The Fereydani Georgian Representation".
1162:
671:
Institute of Oriental Studies in Russia, ever since it was acquired by
442:
423:
364:
332:
220:
1973:
The Pahlavi Dynasty: An Entry from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam
2281:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1158:
1146:
336:
193:
79:
1659:
1553:
Rahimi, M.M. (2001) Gorjiha-ye Iran; Fereydunshahr. Esfahan: Yekta
359:
in the 19th century to Iran, following the Russian conquest of the
1174:
1166:
1134:
1073:
658:
381:
262:
51:
1441:
The Politics of Trade in Safavid Iran: Silk for Silver, 1600-1730
2293:
1060:
For a more lengthy discussion on Georgians and Persia refer to.
684:
216:
169:
2397:
2225:
1153:, Yazdanshahr and Amir Abad. These areas are frequently called
2202:
Oberling, Pierre (1963). "Georgians and Circassians in Iran".
1049:
after Persia was forced to cede all of its territories in the
706:
623:
520:
473:
279:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1090:
is still used by a minority of people in Iran. The center of
663:
Shah Suleiman I and his courtiers, Isfahan, 1670. Painter is
1357:
430:
among themselves. There must also have been some Georgian
2117:
Persia in Crisis: Safavid Decline and the Fall of Isfahan
2066:
Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
1532:
445:
empire, the Safavids arch enemy, namely the neighboring
1885:
Khaleghi-Motlagh, DJ (1984). "Aḵtar, Aḥmad Beg Gorjī".
723:
640:
537:
490:
296:
2535:
1749:
Svetlana Savranskaya and Vladislav Zubok (editors),
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
2500:
2484:
2438:
1562:Sepiani, M. (1980) Iranian-e Gorji. Esfahan: Arash
235:in the 19th century to Iran, following the Russian
211:as part of his programs to reduce the power of the
180:was subject to Iran in the ancient times under the
125:
113:
85:
41:
31:
176:, and are an ethnic group living in Iran. Today's
1762:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
1204:, from Kartvelebi, Georgian: ქართველები, namely
1829:Amsterdam University Press, 15 mrt. 2014 ISBN
1199:
155:
2409:
2237:
1627:Slaves of the Shah:New Elites of Safavid Iran
1064:Geographic distribution, language and culture
16:Iranian residents who are ethnically Georgian
8:
1057:several decades prior to Reza Shah's birth.
22:
2027:
1788:
1611:
1098:, a small city, 150 km to the west of
371:among the Safavid officials, alongside the
2416:
2402:
2394:
2244:
2230:
2222:
1290:Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns
599:In June 2004, the new Georgian president,
405:During his travels the Italian adventurer
21:
1926:, (Cambridge University Press, 2007), 68.
1867:Amsterdam University Press, 15 mrt. 2014
1574:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, parts 163-178
1407:
1405:
1403:
2140:(2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
1936:Afkhami, Gholam Reza (12 January 2009).
1109:There were other compact settlements in
2542:
1718:
1399:
1321:
1776:Islam and Islamic Practices in Georgia
1888:Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 7
1773:Sanikidze, George. Walker, Edward W.
317:Shah Tahmasp I's invasions of Georgia
7:
355:. A certain amount also migrated as
42:Regions with significant populations
1693:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
1045:, who most likely came to mainland
165:
2585:Iranian people of Georgian descent
1942:. University of California Press.
1779:Publication Date; 08-01-2004. p 19
1695:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
1386:by Ali Attār, Jadid Online, 2008,
1377:, in Persian, Jadid Online, 2008,
1102:in the area historically known as
14:
2042:(1986), vol. 10, Tbilisi: p. 263.
1764:. Accessed on September 16, 2007.
1384:A Slide Show of Georgians in Iran
2595:Ethnic groups in the Middle East
2590:Georgia (country)–Iran relations
2557:
2545:
2425:
2137:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
1494:10.1163/160984909X12476379008287
1244:
1230:
992:(Alexander of Kartli, d. 1773),
931:(Prince Aleksandre of Georgia),
806:(Prince Aleksandre of Georgia),
710:
627:
524:
477:
283:
2134:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015).
1577:(Volume 10). Original from the
1414:Anthropology of the Middle East
1379:گرجی تباران ایران | جدید آنلاین
1939:The Life and Times of the Shah
1344:Georgian communities in Persia
1:
2093:The Cambridge History of Iran
901:Ivan Aleksandrovich Bagration
899:(Constantine II of Kakheti),
2069:Facts On File, Incorporated
1438:Matthee, Rudolph P. (1999),
441:During the last days of the
243:. The Georgian community of
172:citizens who are ethnically
1660:"Georgians in Safavid Iran"
917:Princess Ketevan of Kakheti
911:(Prince Jesse of Kakheti),
219:including the provinces of
2611:
2098:Cambridge University Press
2096:. Vol. 7. Cambridge:
1460:Cambridge University Press
1067:
907:(Heraclius I of Kakheti),
269:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2259:
2198:10.1080/00905990802230597
1913:, (Routledge, 2004), 129.
1658:Matthee, Rudolph (Rudi).
1200:
962:Shahverdi Khan (Georgian)
861:Sohrab I, Duke of Araghvi
857:Abd-ol-Ghaffar Amilakhori
703:List of Iranian Georgians
620:Notable Georgians of Iran
449:, as well as neighboring
156:
130:
118:
90:
46:
36:
1265:Georgia–Persia relations
1238:Georgia (country) portal
996:(son of Rustam Khan the
982:Vakhushti Khan Orbeliani
2040:Encyclopaedia Georgiana
1924:Iran Under the Safavids
1630:. Bloomsbury Academic.
1456:Iran Under the Safavids
1426:10.3167/ame.2009.040205
986:Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk
887:(David II of Kakheti),
883:(George XI of Kartli),
808:Prince Rostom of Kartli
697:from its very beginning
2115:Matthee, Rudi (2012).
1579:University of Michigan
1369:Georgian Radio of Iran
1260:Georgia–Iran relations
1083:
1027:, as well as the late
1004:, Otar Beg Orbeliani,
959:Politicians/officials:
954:Professor Leila Karimi
851:(Simon II of Kartli),
680:
609:Georgian national flag
453:, but also the tribal
402:
272:
2580:Ethnic groups in Iran
2253:Ethnic groups in Iran
1482:Iran and the Caucasus
1082:with Georgian signage
1077:
1015:Mahmoud Karimi Sibaki
966:Manouchehr Khan Gorji
942:Parsadan Gorgijanidze
812:Vsevolod Starosselsky
667:, and is kept at The
662:
420:Teimuraz I of Kakheti
385:
341:Teimuraz I of Kakheti
266:
126:Related ethnic groups
2190:Nationalities Papers
2005:Encyclopædia Iranica
1614:, pp. 291, 536.
1349:Encyclopædia Iranica
1019:The names of actors
915:(Jesse of Kakheti),
773:Konstantin Mikeladze
724:adding missing items
576:In the aftermath of
401:, from 1633 to 1658.
345:Luarsab II of Kartli
319:and the rest of the
1329:"Royalty/nobility".
1300:Circassians in Iran
1280:Georgians in Turkey
950:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
946:Jamshid Giunashvili
923:(Levan of Kartli),
869:Haydar Mirza Safavi
802:(Levan of Kartli),
796:Kaikhosro of Kartli
777:Daud Khan Undiladze
601:Mikheil Saakashvili
562:Battle of Krtsanisi
432:Orthodox Christians
192:in power and later
28:
2015:2007-03-12 at the
1911:Don Juan of Persia
1891:. pp. 730–731
1756:2006-12-15 at the
1533:Fisher et al. 1991
1117:(half-way between
1084:
1055:Russo-Persian Wars
925:Manuchar II Jaqeli
853:Otar Beg Orbeliani
845:Bijan Beg Saakadze
792:Bektash of Kakheti
765:Yusef Khan-e Gorji
750:Otar Beg Orbeliani
722:; you can help by
681:
639:. You can help by
536:. You can help by
489:. You can help by
407:Pietro Della Valle
403:
295:. You can help by
273:
2552:Georgia (country)
2533:
2532:
2521:
2432:Georgian diaspora
2391:
2390:
2192:36 (4): 593-623.
2174:978-964-7016-11-7
2160:978-964-7016-26-1
1739:Iranian Georgians
1699:iranicaonline.org
1508:"Caucasus Survey"
1388:Untitled Document
1375:Georgians in Iran
1342:Pierre Oberling,
1295:List of Georgians
1275:Georgian diaspora
1088:Georgian language
970:Motamed-od-dowleh
895:(Constantine I),
865:Pishkinid dynasty
842:Royalty/nobility:
740:
739:
657:
656:
554:
553:
507:
506:
313:
312:
157:ირანის ქართველები
148:Persian Georgians
144:Iranian Georgians
141:
140:
25:ირანის ქართველები
23:Iranian Georgians
2602:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2515:
2430:
2429:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2395:
2381:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2223:
2215:
2204:Studia Caucasica
2185:
2179:
2165:
2151:
2130:
2111:
2078:
2062:
2056:
2051:Rezvani, Babak.
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2028:Mikaberidze 2015
2025:
2019:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1933:
1927:
1920:
1914:
1909:Juan de Persia,
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1882:
1876:
1861:
1855:
1844:
1838:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1804:. Archived from
1802:"Iran Newspaper"
1798:
1792:
1789:Mikaberidze 2015
1786:
1780:
1771:
1765:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1690:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1621:
1615:
1612:Mikaberidze 2015
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1588:
1582:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1514:on 15 April 2015
1510:. Archived from
1504:
1498:
1497:
1477:
1471:
1462:, 24 sep. 2007.
1451:
1445:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1409:
1367:
1356:
1330:
1326:
1270:Islam in Georgia
1254:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1203:
1202:
1139:Isfahan Province
1133:and Farah Abad,
1038:'s mother was a
1029:Nematollah Gorji
1021:Cyrus Gorjestani
897:Mahmād Qulī Khān
893:Constantine Khan
824:Antoin Sevruguin
820:Aliquli Jabbadar
781:Rustam Khan the
769:Grigor Mikeladze
754:Rustam Khan the
735:
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167:
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32:Total population
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828:André Sevruguin
746:Allahverdi Khan
736:
730:
727:
711:
705:
653:
647:
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637:needs expansion
622:
590:Soviet Georgian
570:
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541:
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487:needs expansion
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389:(also known as
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2207:
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2147:978-1442241466
2146:
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2126:978-1845117450
2125:
2119:. I.B.Tauris.
2112:
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2020:
1996:
1982:
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1877:
1873:978-9048519286
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1453:Roger Savory.
1446:
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1393:
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1337:External links
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1065:
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1053:following the
974:Amin al-Sultan
929:Eskandar Mirza
921:Shah-Quli Khan
905:Nazar Alī Khān
891:(Bagrat VII),
885:Imām Qulī Khān
873:Safi of Persia
804:Eskandar Mirza
800:Shah-Quli Khan
788:Eskandar Mirza
761:Imam-Quli Khan
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1976:. EWI Press.
1975:
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718:This list is
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635:This section
633:
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619:
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614:Iran–Iraq War
610:
606:
605:Fereydunshahr
602:
597:
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594:Joseph Stalin
591:
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583:
579:
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558:Qajar dynasty
548:
539:
535:
532:This section
530:
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516:
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512:
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492:
488:
485:This section
483:
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476:
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469:
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463:
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460:Fereydunshahr
456:
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448:
447:Ottoman Turks
444:
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436:mother tongue
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353:Qajar dynasty
350:
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294:
291:This section
289:
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245:Fereydunshahr
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35:
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2507:
2345:
2288:Mazandaranis
2270:Azerbaijanis
2218:
2214:(in Persian)
2206:(1): 127-143
2203:
2189:
2184:(in Persian)
2178:(in Persian)
2164:(in Persian)
2136:
2116:
2092:
2065:
2060:
2052:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2023:
2003:
1999:
1987:. Retrieved
1972:
1965:
1953:. Retrieved
1938:
1931:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1905:
1893:. Retrieved
1887:
1880:
1859:
1854:, pp. 130-1.
1842:
1821:
1810:. Retrieved
1806:the original
1796:
1784:
1775:
1769:
1745:
1719:Matthee 2012
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1698:
1663:. Retrieved
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1626:
1619:
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1586:
1573:
1567:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1512:the original
1502:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1455:
1449:
1439:
1434:
1420:(2): 52–74.
1417:
1413:
1383:
1374:
1359:
1347:
1324:
1214:
1205:
1189:
1187:
1108:
1085:
1059:
1018:
1007:
1006:
997:
969:
958:
957:
938:
937:
849:Semayun Khan
841:
840:
832:Nima Yooshij
816:
815:
783:qullar-aqasi
782:
755:
742:
741:
728:
682:
645:
641:adding to it
636:
598:
575:
571:
555:
542:
538:adding to it
533:
508:
495:
491:adding to it
486:
470:Afsharid era
464:
440:
404:
390:
329:Shah Abbas I
325:Safavid Iran
314:
301:
297:adding to it
292:
251:such as the
198:Shah Abbas I
147:
143:
142:
19:Ethnic group
2361:Circassians
1895:15 February
1592:"ṬAHMĀSP I"
1488:: 197–204.
1373:Ali Attār,
1358:Fereydan -
1252:Iran portal
1218:Circassians
1094:in Iran is
889:Bagrat Khan
881:Gurgin Khan
790:(d. 1711),
675:. Note the
578:World War I
568:Modern Iran
556:During the
509:During the
391:Rustam Khan
373:Circassians
276:Safavid era
120:Shi'a Islam
100:Mazandarani
2574:Categories
2321:Others 1%
2314:and other
2107:0521200954
2075:143812676X
1812:2007-02-16
1760:, p. 401.
1704:1 December
1597:29 October
1468:0521042518
1395:References
1285:Kakhetians
1151:Rahmatabad
1127:Mazandaran
1115:Abbas Abad
1078:A shop in
1068:See also:
998:sipahsalar
939:Academics:
933:Shah Nawaz
877:Dowlatshah
756:sipahsalar
720:incomplete
416:Daghistani
412:Circassian
397:, eastern
225:Mazandaran
182:Achaemenid
72:Azerbaijan
56:Mazandaran
2354:Assyrians
2347:Georgians
2340:Armenians
2010:Gorjestan
1310:Khudsiani
1206:Georgians
1143:Najafabad
1092:Georgians
1033:Reza Shah
1011:Undiladze
994:Bijan Beg
990:Ishaq Beg
863:(Zurab),
743:Military:
648:July 2016
564:in 1795.
517:Qajar era
377:Armenians
369:Qizilbash
349:Tahmasp I
229:Khuzestan
213:Qizilbash
209:Georgians
202:Christian
186:Sassanian
132:Georgians
108:Shushtari
86:Languages
64:Khuzestan
2312:Turkmens
2264:Persians
2013:Archived
1989:22 April
1955:22 April
1754:Archived
1665:26 April
1224:See also
1201:ქართველი
1196:Georgian
1191:Kartveli
1131:Behshahr
1123:Sabzevar
1111:Khorasan
1104:Fereydan
1070:Fereydan
1051:Caucasus
1040:Georgian
913:Isā Khān
836:Siyâvash
582:Cold War
545:May 2015
498:May 2015
428:Georgian
361:Caucasus
357:muhajirs
321:Caucasus
304:May 2015
241:Caucasus
237:conquest
233:muhajirs
190:Safavids
174:Georgian
152:Georgian
136:Iranians
134:, other
114:Religion
96:Georgian
76:Khorasan
60:Golestan
48:Fereydan
37:100,000+
2538:Portals
2476:Ukraine
2446:Belgium
2306:Balochs
2084:Sources
1643:1 April
1581:. p 109
1210:Persian
1163:Isfahan
1119:Shahrud
1100:Isfahan
1043:muhajir
1036:Pahlavi
1008:Others:
689:Safavid
685:Iranian
455:Afghans
443:Safavid
399:Georgia
365:Safavid
333:Kakheti
259:History
239:of the
221:Isfahan
178:Georgia
170:Iranian
162:Persian
104:Dezfuli
92:Persian
68:Isfahan
2525:Turkey
2513:Israel
2466:Russia
2461:Poland
2456:Greece
2451:France
2439:Europe
2380:Zagari
2326:Talysh
2282:Gilaks
2172:
2158:
2144:
2123:
2104:
2073:
1980:
1946:
1871:
1850:
1833:
1634:
1466:
1198::
1183:Nowruz
1179:Shiraz
1171:Dezful
1159:Tehran
1147:Badrud
1047:Persia
586:Soviet
424:dāruḡa
414:, and
395:Kartli
387:Rostom
337:Kartli
206:Jewish
204:, and
194:Qajars
168:) are
154::
80:Tehran
2471:Spain
2300:Arabs
2276:Kurds
2077:p 141
1875:p 171
1837:p 171
1518:3 May
1470:p 184
1316:Notes
1175:Karaj
1167:Rasht
1135:Gilan
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