1844:, many Iranians hoped the day would lead to an uprising that would "break the back" of the hardliners, but instead the Islamic Republic "employed violence, intimidation, and sophisticated carrot-and-stick approach to suck the wind out of the demonstrations." In addition to a show of force and numerous checkpoints, the state used sophisticated jamming technology to black out satellite all the television feed and allowed the holding of (rare) outdoor pop concerts to draw young people away from the demonstrations. Dartar-e Tahkim-e-Vahdat also hurt its cause by calling for foreigners, the
1920:
3248:
1218:
1662:
2096:
1742:'s city council by a gunman who fled on a motorcycle with an accomplice. The bullet entered through his left cheek and lodged in his neck. He was not killed but was "badly paralyzed" for some time. During his coma, groups of young Iranians kept a vigil outside Sina hospital, where he was being treated. Due to this injury, Hajjarian now uses a walking frame, and his voice is distorted.
518:
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since the 1979 Islamic revolution. After attacking of the students of Tehran
University by hardline vigilante group, Khatami delivered a speech three months later while defending of his reform programme and at the same time he insisted on the foundations of his government. He referred to the reformation of system from within with holding two elements of Islamic and republic.
1470:. For many years, he was the only voice publicly criticizing the regime's policies. His regular lectures at Tehran University used to enjoy the attendance of many of the Iranian students who later generated the 2nd of Khordad movement. Many famous figures of the movement belong to the Soroush circle. However, at the rise of 2nd of Khordad movement,
1274:
2063:(also one of its founders), as saying, "Don't interfere. Leave these affairs to the Iranian people". Sazegara believes the US should call for democracy and freedom, and let Iranian opposition groups inside Iran, which are Reformists, take the lead, instead of attempting to create an opposition in exile.
1823:
by the government. Demonstrations continued for a few days in most cities in Iran and in more than ninety-five countries worldwide. The demonstration ended in violence and the death of a young
Iranian citizen along with many casualties. At the time, it was Iran's biggest antigovernment demonstrations
2071:
The
Referendum movement calls in effect for a rerun of the 1979 referendum that established the Islamic Republic in Iran: "a 'yes or no' vote on whether today's Iranians still want the authoritarian Islamic Republic that another generation's revolution brought them." It is said to have been born out
2024:
The conservatives won in part because they retained their 25% base; in part because they recruited war veterans to run as their candidates; in part because they wooed independents on the issue of national security; but in most part because large numbers of women, college students, and other members
1898:
were the main candidates of the 2nd of
Khordad movement. However, neither made it to the second round of the election (the final runoff): Moin came in fifth and Karroubi third in the first round. As a result, many supporters of the reform movement lost hope and did not participate in the election.
1964:
who received approximately 13.5 million in a run-off election, according to the official count. The election was generally seen as an upset victory for the
Reformists' Party with many political observers expecting low voter turnout. Pezeshkian is described as a centrist, in stark contrast to his
1965:
predecessor, Raisi, who was described as a "hard-liner." He has promised several economic, political, and cultural reforms; however, several obstacles remain in the way, primarily Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali
Khamenei, who retains decision authority on all major state issues.
2038:, and too inflexible to circumvent the ban on political parties in Iran by creating and sustaining alternative forms of mobilisation." In addition, leaders of the reform movement lacked a clear and coherent strategy of establishing durable and extensive linkages with the public.
1647:
members voting for him. The core of his electoral support, however, came from the modern middle class, college students, women, and urban workers. For example, by 1995, about half of Iran's 60.5 million people were too young to be alive at the time of the
Islamic Revolution.
1877:
ended
Iranian voters' continued support for reformists by banning about 2500 candidates, nearly half of the total, including 80 sitting Parliament deputies. More than 100 MPs resigned in protest and critics complained the move "shattered any pretense of Iranian democracy".
1591:
The core of the reform movement is said to be made up of
Islamic leftists disqualified from running for office as they were purged and generally disempowered by Islamic conservatives following the death of Imam Khomeini in 1989. Islamic leftists turned reformists include
1631:
Many institutions support the movement of reformation such as organizations like
Organization of the Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution (OMIR) and the Majma’a Rohaneeyoon Mobarez or the Forum of the Militant Clergy, or Office for Fostering Unity and Freedom Movement of
2015:
The victory of conservatives in the 2005 presidential election and the 2004 Majlis election can be explained "not so much" by an expansion of "their limited core base as by dividing of the reformers and discouraging them from voting," according to political historian
1945:(loyal militia to the Islamic Republic) started attacking the protesters and vice versa. Some protesters turned their anger to the government itself and tried to overthrow the Islamic Republic. The protests, in general, lasted up to several months.
2076:
on walls in Tehran saying "no". It has been criticized as calling for complete system change without "building the political and organisational network to back it up" and inviting a brutal crackdown, with "no means on the ground to resist it".
2054:
or by many of the anti-sharia political parties in exile that are secular. These parties promote regime change, most often with foreign aid and military intervention (particularity from the United States). He quotes a former leader of the
1860:
to elect the 6th parliament, reformist enjoyed a majority (69.25%), or 26.8 million, of the 38.7 million voters who cast ballots in the February 18, 2000 first round. Ultimately reformists won 195 of the 290 Majlis seats in that election.
2041:
Ironically, they became a victim of their electoral successes. The reform movement's "control of both the presidency and parliament from 2000 to 2004 made it look inept and a part of the corrupt system in the eyes of many Iranians."
1941:. Mousavi supporters disbelieved the election results and initiated a series of protests that lasted several days. After many days of protesting against the election results, the protests eventually turned violent as the
1836:
called for a national day of protest on the 18th of Tir to commemorate the original 1999 protest. At least one observer believes it was the failure of this protest that "delivered a fatal blow to the reform movement."
1996:
for freer speech by invading Tehran University, beating and arresting hundreds of students and killing at least one. In the majlis (parliament) much of the president's reforming legislation was vetoed by the
1983:
Dozens of newspapers opened during the Khatami period, only for many to be shut down on one pretext or another by the judiciary. Clerics who took advantage of the new atmosphere to question the doctrine of
3513:
1797:, as the "Grey Eminences". His subsequent prosecution and conviction for "anti-Islamic activities" for his role in the publication of the book and articles cost Akbar Ganji six years of imprisonment.
1988:
were imprisoned or otherwise cowed. Even as political debate blossomed, Iran's security services cracked down on religious and ethnic minorities. A number of the government's critics fell victim to
4291:
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1438:
4844:
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usually refers not only to the coalition of 18 groups and political parties of the reforms front but to anyone else who was a supporter of the 1997 reform programs of Khatami.
4398:
3440:
4764:
4183:
4609:
4321:
3039:
1409:. It has been described as the dominant member within the 2nd of Khordad Front, the "main reformist party", and the party most closely associated with President Khatami.
4824:
4654:
4517:
3003:
2457:
2380:
2289:
4566:
645:
4624:
3059:
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4629:
4512:
3505:
3054:
2034:
The reform movement has been lamented as "too divided to establish its own political authority, too naïve about the tenacity of the authoritarian elite around
2050:
BBC journalist Jonathan Beale reports that since secularism is banned in Iran, it is an ideology that is mostly followed by political organizations among the
2025:
of the salaried middle class stayed home. Turnout in the Majles elections fell below 51% - one of the worst since the revolution. In Tehran, it fell to 28%.
4524:
568:
4024:
4594:
2739:
2667:
2522:
1335:
1257:
807:
672:
215:
4507:
4480:
4283:
3355:
Mohseni, Payam (2016). "Factionalism, Privatization, and the Political economy of regime transformation". In Brumberg, Daniel; Farhi, Farideh (eds.).
950:
945:
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4634:
4619:
4117:
3893:
3261:
3049:
2941:
698:
3946:
3535:
1338:
is the main umbrella organization and coalition within the movement; however, there are reformist groups not aligned with the council, such as the
4614:
4391:
3044:
4376:
3626:
1960:, who died in a helicopter crash on 19 May 2024. He secured nearly 16.4 million of the more than 30 million votes cast, beating his main rival
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896:
529:
3406:
4571:
4544:
3837:
1857:
920:
4834:
4691:
4151:
4849:
4458:
2560:
2530:
2497:
2432:
2409:
2305:
2267:
2230:
2117:
1930:
1914:
1908:
1887:
1139:
1135:
628:
4721:
4384:
3301:
2993:
2628:
2589:
1870:
1347:
1327:
1120:
1115:
1053:
907:
902:
555:
3461:
4414:
4351:
3339:
2187:
1640:
1144:
931:
926:
851:
792:
488:
315:
3430:
4788:
4701:
4649:
4604:
4599:
4549:
3266:
3013:
2998:
2956:
2946:
2671:
2612:
2580:
2465:
2461:
2453:
2376:
2352:
2328:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2259:
2255:
2168:
1993:
1814:
1412:
1378:
763:
729:
4204:
4080:
3788:
3727:
4795:
3760:
3567:
2140:
4313:
4175:
4859:
4664:
3929:
3071:
2121:
2012:, the main theorist behind the movement, declared in 2003 that "the reform movement is dead. Long live the reform movement".
1833:
1625:
1463:
1250:
813:
301:
120:
3589:
4802:
4639:
4554:
2961:
2147:
1698:
768:
667:
572:
3971:
4759:
4529:
4490:
4475:
4453:
3281:
2056:
1230:
103:
3911:
4747:
4706:
4495:
4485:
2971:
2616:
2488:
753:
683:
2154:
4839:
4659:
3008:
1432:
991:
773:
736:
596:
969:
964:
4230:
1819:
The 18th of Tir (July 9) crisis, refers to a demonstration in Tehran University dormitory in reaction to closing
1243:
1108:
987:
4754:
4686:
4430:
2981:
2414:
2310:
2136:
2106:
1605:
1291:
676:
4032:
3417:
2866:
2843:
4854:
4470:
2832:
2684:
2125:
2110:
1313:
1152:
741:
717:
633:
350:
336:
3622:
3407:
https://www.timesofisrael.com/irans-president-elect-reasserts-countrys-anti-israel-stance-backs-resistance/
4711:
4644:
4254:
2951:
2002:
1919:
1398:
1374:
The reforms front consists of several political parties, some of the most famous including the following:
875:
758:
614:
610:
543:
406:
392:
322:
194:
3809:
4737:
4114:
4054:
3890:
3271:
2722:
1989:
1382:
748:
724:
246:
2855:
1738:, the main strategist of the reformist camp. In March 2000, he was shot in the face on the doorstep of
1330:. Iran's "reform era" is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005—the length of President
1453:, Mohammad Salevati, and Feyzollah Arabsorkhi. The mojahedin have been called a "key political group."
4774:
4696:
4669:
4534:
4440:
2966:
2878:
1998:
1874:
1466:
were involved in establishing a foundation for the movement. Perhaps the most influential figure was
1190:
1008:
60:
4312:
Marie Donovan; Paul Bucala; Caitlin Shayda Pendleton; Ken Hawrey; Alice Naghshineh (6 April 2016),
3189:
3157:
2437:
2388:
1934:
1805:
Reformist candidates did remarkably well in the 1999 local elections and received 75% of the vote.
1639:
Khatami's support is said to have cut across regions and class lines with even some members of the
1617:
1609:
1167:
1030:
660:
563:
273:
31:
4559:
3390:
3276:
2905:
2802:
2678:
2565:
2072:
of "the ashes of the failures of Khatami's Islamic democracy movement" and reflected in one-word
1746:
1593:
1525:
1515:
1467:
1390:
1085:
1075:
1025:
1020:
1003:
846:
799:
208:
131:
93:
2161:
4769:
4539:
4448:
4347:
3923:
3833:
3335:
3150:
2634:
2594:
2203:
2017:
1953:
1766:
1343:
1080:
1065:
1040:
866:
592:
493:
239:
172:
166:
116:
66:
3506:"Iran's supreme leader endorses reformist Pezeshkian as new president. He takes oath Tuesday"
4425:
3382:
2750:
2236:
2051:
1923:
1771:
1704:
1621:
1613:
1420:
1406:
1402:
1339:
1331:
1304:
1281:
1185:
1157:
880:
693:
620:
602:
508:
483:
287:
52:
3373:
Ahmad Ashraf and Ali Banuazizi (2001), "Iran's Tortuous Path Toward "Islamic Liberalism"",
4121:
4061:
3897:
3471:
3332:
Post-Islamist Political Theory: Iranian Intellectuals and Political Liberalism in Dialogue
3253:
3203:
2690:
2060:
2009:
1985:
1735:
1636:. There were also many media outlets in support like the Iran-e-farda and kian magazinez.
1597:
1471:
1386:
1222:
1060:
640:
180:
1675:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
4500:
2791:
2712:
2700:
2536:
2503:
2473:
2336:
1938:
1895:
1351:
819:
17:
3677:
3675:
3247:
1217:
4818:
4076:
3784:
3723:
3563:
3466:
3394:
3334:. Philosophy and Politics - Critical Explorations. Vol. 5. Springer. p. 3.
2920:
2717:
2706:
2670:, which its rotating head serves as the deputy head of the council for policymaking.
2360:
1975:
1957:
1841:
1794:
1789:
under the responsibility of Saeed Hajjarian, in which he criticized former President
1731:
1560:
1446:
1424:
702:
112:
76:
3752:
3359:. Indiana Series in Middle East Studies. Indiana University Press. pp. 201–204.
2666:
On 8 November 2015, the establishment of the council was announced. It oversees the
4674:
3832:عالیجنابان سرخپوش و عالیجنابان خاکستری، آسیب شناسی گذار به دولت دمکراتیک توسعه گرا
3143:
3076:
2814:
2035:
1961:
1891:
1568:
1450:
1428:
1090:
1070:
841:
548:
124:
3593:
4576:
3947:"'New chapter': Iran's president-elect Pezeshkian pledges to serve all Iranians"
3239:
2095:
1973:
The Reformists' Party often struggles with realizing its agenda as described by
1786:
1730:
Very soon after the rise of the 2nd of Khordad movement, there was an attempted
1715:
1601:
1580:
1531:
1486:
1287:
1210:
1124:
1095:
1035:
150:
3684:
Iran and the rise of Neoconsevatives,the politics of Tehran's silent Revolution
1793:
as the "Red Eminence" and the intelligence officers in his government, such as
1481:
The movement has been described as changing the key terms in public discourse:
4742:
4716:
3386:
3229:
3210:
3182:
3175:
3108:
2976:
1790:
1707:, "a little known cleric", to the presidency on with almost 70% of the vote.
1510:
1394:
146:
1354:
on the 28th of July, having been inaugurated two days afterwards in Tehran.
3168:
3129:
2727:
1820:
1782:
1722:
and the inclusion of all Iranians in the political decision-making process.
1719:
1711:
1540:
517:
108:
4284:"Jahangiri's presence is an opportunity for reformists; Mirlohi tells ILNA"
3536:"Pezeshkian sworn in as Iran's president, vows to work to remove sanctions"
3418:
https://wanaen.com/iranian-reformists-standpoint-on-israels-recent-attacks/
1474:
acted as the main theorist behind the movement and the main strategist in
3590:"2nd Khordad Front must ponder over every aspect of their actions: daily"
3495:, by Shirin Ebadi with Azadeh Moaveni, Random House New York, 2006, p.180
3435:
3196:
2073:
462:
136:
3115:
2674:
joined the council in April 2017. Some members of the council include:
1956:
was elected in a special election after the death of Iranian President
1494:
1475:
434:
3912:"Iran's president has died in a helicopter crash, state media reports"
3122:
1739:
4368:
The Post-Revolutionary Politics in Iran: Religion, Society and Power
1992:
traced later to the interior ministry. In 1999 police reacted to a
3136:
2620:
1942:
1750:
1644:
1502:
1320:
448:
364:
3847:
3845:
3357:
Power and Change in Iran: Politics of Contention and Conciliation
1669:
Parts of this article (those related to Major Events) need to be
30:
For the historic Iranian political party with the same name, see
4409:
1753:
militia, served only a small part of his 15-year jail sentence.
1633:
1535:(Western intoxication), to some modern terms and concepts like:
1435:. It has been described as the "main 'reformist' clerical body."
420:
4380:
4055:'Muslim Reformers in Iran and Turkey: The Paradox of Moderation
2089:
1703:
The movement began with the May 23, 1997, surprise victory of
1655:
378:
3101:
3033:
2935:
3711:
Reinventing Khomeini : The Struggle for Reform in Iran
1845:
4342:
Banks, Arthur S.; Day, Alan J.; Muller, Thomas C. (2016),
4466:
Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader
4144:"Iranian Reformists and February Parliamentary Elections"
3648:
3646:
3644:
1832:
In 2003, Iran's leading pro-democracy student group, the
1673:. The reason given is: Missing history between 2009-2024.
4205:"Moderation party joins reformist policy-making council"
3972:"Iran's New President Promises Changes. Can He Deliver?"
3564:"BBC NEWS - Middle East - Poll test for Iran reformists"
3082:
Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization
1439:
Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization
4176:"Reformist council picks controversial MP as new head"
3891:
Iran: an afternoon with a hostage-taker, Afshin Molavi
3753:"BBC News | MIDDLE EAST | Iran jails Hajjarian gunman"
3375:
International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society
3302:"Spiritual leader of Iranian Reformists backs Rouhani"
2895:
No reformist parliamentary group between 2012 and 2016
1714:
president, since the focus of his campaign was on the
1749:, a young man who was reported to be a member of the
1318:
3724:"BBC News - MIDDLE EAST - Profile: Mohammad Khatami"
3682:
Anoushiravan Enteshami & Mahjoob Zweiri (2007).
4730:
4585:
4439:
1346:, a reformist, was elected president following the
461:
447:
433:
419:
405:
391:
377:
363:
349:
335:
321:
314:
300:
286:
272:
267:
257:
245:
238:
226:
214:
207:
193:
179:
165:
160:
142:
130:
102:
72:
58:
48:
39:
3992:. London: Jul 21, 2007. Vol. 384, Iss. 8538; pg. 5
3779:
3777:
2005:to ensure that laws conform with Islamic precepts.
4610:Assembly of Qom Seminary Scholars and Researchers
3558:
3556:
3040:Assembly of Qom Seminary Scholars and Researchers
4655:Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic
4518:Society of Pathseekers of the Islamic Revolution
3431:"On eve of Iran anniversary, talk of compromise"
3004:Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic
2661:
4845:Liberal and progressive movements within Islam
4625:Islamic Association of Iranian Medical Society
4229:Caitlin Shayda Pendleton (23 September 2016),
3060:Islamic Association of Iranian Medical Society
1779:"Alijenabe Sorkhpoosh, Alijenabane Khakestari"
4830:History of civil rights and liberties in Iran
4680:Islamic Iran Freedom and Justice Organization
4630:Islamic Association of University Instructors
4513:Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution
4392:
3910:Hernandez, Joe; Archie, Ayana (19 May 2024).
3747:
3745:
3055:Islamic Association of University Instructors
1251:
8:
4567:Progress and Justice Society of Islamic Iran
4014:, Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.194, 3
2662:Reformists' Supreme Council for Policymaking
1929:The two leading reformist candidates in the
1443:Sāzmān-e Mojāhedin-e Enqelāb-e Eslāmi-e Irān
4635:Association of Followers of the Imam's Line
4525:Association of Islamic Revolution Loyalists
3713:, University of Chicago Press, 2001, p.188
2697:deputy as head of the Coordinating Council)
2124:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4765:Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists
4595:Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front
4399:
4385:
4377:
4065:, University of Texas Press, 2010, p. 140.
2740:Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front
2734:Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front
2668:Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front
2523:Council for coordinating the Reforms Front
2001:, a committee of clerics appointed by the
1828:18th of Tir national day of protest (2003)
1336:Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front
1258:
1244:
808:Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution
503:
36:
4508:Front of Transformationalist Principlists
4481:Islamic Association of Physicians of Iran
4231:"Iran 2017 Presidential Election Tracker"
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
2188:Learn how and when to remove this message
3855:, Columbia University Press, 2008, p.188
3785:"Iran's reformists warn of dictatorship"
3262:Human rights in Islamic Republic of Iran
2759:
2199:
1918:
1848:,- to assist it against the government.
1726:Assassination attempt on Saeed Hajjarian
4825:History of the Islamic Republic of Iran
4077:"Iran exiles struggle for US influence"
3292:
1882:27 Khordad presidential election (2005)
1873:(the 7th Parliament), the conservative
1350:, and was subsequently approved by the
1292:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
528:
506:
4346:, Palgrave Macmillan UK, p. 433,
3921:
530:Government of Islamic Republic of Iran
4572:Modern Thinkers Party of Islamic Iran
4545:Front of Islamic Revolution Stability
4170:
4168:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4130:
3941:
3939:
3368:
3366:
3312:from the original on 30 November 2020
2942:Assembly of the Forces of Imam's Line
1858:Iranian parliamentary elections, 2000
27:Progressive political faction in Iran
7:
4692:Iranian Call and Reform Organization
4344:Political Handbook of the World 1998
4265:from the original on 20 October 2020
3623:"Too late for a reformist momentum?"
3443:from the original on 4 December 2020
2122:adding citations to reliable sources
1869:In January 2004, shortly before the
1776:عالیجناب سرخپوش و عالیجنابان خاکستری
1710:Khatami is regarded as Iran's first
4459:Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom
1915:2009-2010 Iranian election protests
1909:Iranian Presidential Election, 2009
1775:
1308:
4722:Union of Islamic Iran People Party
4150:, 13 November 2015, archived from
4083:from the original on March 6, 2016
3570:from the original on 15 March 2020
3429:Scott Peterson (9 February 2009),
2994:Union of Islamic Iran People Party
1949:2024 Iranian Presidential Election
1903:2009 Iranian presidential election
1871:2004 Iranian legislative elections
1348:2024 Iranian presidential election
556:Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist
25:
4324:from the original on 30 July 2024
4294:from the original on 30 July 2024
3516:from the original on 30 July 2024
1641:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
1145:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
793:Supreme National Security Council
4702:Moderation and Development Party
4650:Will of the Iranian Nation Party
4620:Islamic Association of Engineers
4605:Executives of Construction Party
4600:Association of Combatant Clerics
4550:Resistance Front of Islamic Iran
4408:
4186:from the original on 3 June 2021
3970:Fassihi, Farnaz (16 July 2024).
3629:from the original on 7 July 2012
3267:History of principle-ism in Iran
3246:
3232:
3050:Islamic Association of Engineers
3014:Islamic Iran Participation Front
2999:Will of the Iranian Nation Party
2957:Executives of Construction Party
2947:Association of Combatant Clerics
2672:Moderation and Development Party
2613:Moderation and Development Party
2094:
1888:27 Khordad presidential election
1815:Iran student protests, July 1999
1660:
1413:Association of Combatant Clerics
1379:Islamic Iran Participation Front
1272:
1216:
1204:
516:
4615:Islamic Association of Teachers
4415:Political organizations in Iran
3810:"Fighting fit | guardian.co.uk"
3791:from the original on 2022-11-29
3763:from the original on 2024-07-30
3730:from the original on 2017-04-15
3300:Rohollah Faghihi (3 May 2017),
3045:Islamic Association of Teachers
1785:articles and a book written by
1759:Red Eminence and Grey Eminences
4665:Office for Strengthening Unity
4235:AEI’s Critical Threats Project
3072:Office for Strengthening Unity
1626:Office for Strengthening Unity
814:Expediency Discernment Council
1:
4640:Islamic Iran Solidarity Party
4555:Development and Justice Party
4318:Critical Threats Project Iran
4124:| Kaveh Ehsani| 13 April 2005
2962:Islamic Iran Solidarity Party
1781:) is the name of a series of
1417:Majma'e Rowhaniyoon-e Mobarez
769:High Council for Human rights
730:Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ezhe'i
668:Islamic Consultative Assembly
573:Mohammad-Ali Movahedi Kermani
4760:Movement of Militant Muslims
4530:Summit of Freethinkers Party
4491:Islamic Society of Employees
4476:Islamic Society of Engineers
4454:Combatant Clergy Association
4025:"Iran's revolutionary spasm"
4001:اصلاحات مرد زنده باد اصلاحات
3462:"Freedom in the World: Iran"
3282:Iranian Economic Reform Plan
2057:Iranian Revolutionary Guards
1334:'s two terms in office. The
890:Recent and future elections
4835:Iranian democracy movements
4748:Party of the Iranian People
4496:Islamic Society of Athletes
4486:Islamic Society of Students
4091:– via news.bbc.co.uk.
2554:Unanimous reformist support
1575:(political participation),
1328:a political faction in Iran
1319:
1116:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
754:Islamic Revolutionary Court
629:Presidential Administration
4876:
4850:Political factions in Iran
4660:Islamic Assembly of Ladies
4115:Iran's referendum movement
3928:: CS1 maint: url-status (
3009:Islamic Assembly of Ladies
2748:
2737:
2209:
1931:2009 presidential election
1912:
1906:
1812:
1699:Mohammad Khatami's reforms
1696:
1693:1997 presidential election
1624:(Islamic Association) and
1433:Mohammad Mousavi Khoeiniha
1431:, Mohammad Tavassoli, and
29:
4783:
4535:Fadayeen of Islam Society
4421:
3686:. I.B.Tauris. p. 10.
3330:Badamchi, Meysam (2017).
2892:
2865:
2801:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2431:
2304:
2234:
2202:
1969:Obstacles to the Movement
1809:18th of Tir crisis (1999)
764:General Inspection Office
479:
475:
156:
4687:Popular Party of Reforms
4431:House of Parties of Iran
4366:Menashri, David (2012),
4012:A History of Modern Iran
2982:Popular Party of Reforms
2415:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
2311:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
1840:According to journalist
1834:Daftar-e Tahkim-e-Vahdat
1745:His convicted assailant
1606:Ali Akbar Mohtashami-Pur
677:Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
88:2nd of Khordad fraction
4471:Islamic Coalition Party
4370:, Routledge, p. 98
3700:, Norton, (2005), p.149
3387:10.1023/A:1012921001777
2833:Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur
2685:Abdolvahed Mousavi Lari
2657:Coalition organizations
1369:2nd of Khordad Movement
634:Gholam-Hossein Esmaeili
132:Political position
18:Iranian Reform Movement
4712:The Green Path of Hope
3853:History of Modern Iran
3669:, Norton, (2005), p.98
3654:History of Modern Iran
3470:, 2017, archived from
2403:No major party support
2027:
2007:
1994:peaceful demonstration
1926:
1643:, Qom seminarians and
1399:Mohsen Safaie-Farahani
1280:This article contains
1136:Diplomatic missions of
759:Special Clerical Court
742:Mohammad Movahedi-Azad
4860:Republicanism in Iran
4796:Banned/Exiled parties
4261:, 28 September 2015,
4053:Gunes Murat Tezcur, '
3272:Chain murders of Iran
2756:Parliamentary leaders
2723:Seyed Mahmoud Mirlohi
2022:
1981:
1922:
1865:7th Parliament (2004)
1852:6th Parliament (2000)
1464:Iranian intellectuals
1383:Mohammad Reza Khatami
1054:Intellectual backdrop
83:Imam's line fraction
4775:Nation Party of Iran
4707:National Trust Party
4697:Kurdish United Front
4670:Islamic Labour Party
4314:"Iran News Round Up"
4255:"Uniting Reformists"
4010:Abrahamian, Ervand,
3988:"Men of principle",
3851:Abrahamian, Ervand,
2972:National Trust Party
2967:Islamic Labour Party
2879:Mohammad Reza Tabesh
2617:National Trust Party
2489:National Trust Party
2213:Candidate Supported
2137:"Iranian reformists"
2118:improve this section
1999:Council of Guardians
1875:Council of Guardians
1801:1999 local elections
1191:Armed forces of Iran
611:First Vice President
441:11 / 11 (100%)
357:13 / 13 (100%)
232:40 / 290 (14%)
61:Parliamentary leader
4182:, 21 January 2017,
4035:on 22 February 2017
3814:www.theguardian.com
2454:Participation Front
2438:Mir-Hossein Mousavi
2389:Mohsen Mehralizadeh
2377:Participation Front
2286:Participation Front
2067:Referendum movement
1935:Mir-Hossein Mousavi
1618:Mir-Hossein Mousavi
1610:Ebrahim Asgharzadeh
1573:mosharekat-e siyasi
1445:): key figures are
1419:): key figures are
1223:Politics portal
774:Ministry of Justice
684:Supreme Audit Court
646:Government of Raisi
564:Assembly of Experts
274:Assembly of Experts
4731:Anti-establishment
4120:2016-03-05 at the
4060:2024-07-30 at the
3976:The New York Times
3896:2018-01-12 at the
3709:Brumberg, Daniel,
3277:Liberalism in Iran
2906:Mohammad Reza Aref
2803:Hezbollah Assembly
2679:Mohammad-Reza Aref
2566:Abdolnaser Hemmati
1927:
1594:Abdolkarim Soroush
1468:Abdolkarim Soroush
1391:Alireza Alavitabar
1381:: key figures are
1086:Propaganda in Iran
1076:Islamic Government
1016:Outside government
847:Secretary of state
800:Ali Akbar Ahmadian
427:7 / 11 (64%)
413:5 / 13 (38%)
399:3 / 13 (23%)
385:8 / 13 (62%)
308:6 / 48 (13%)
302:Expediency Council
201:5 / 12 (42%)
187:4 / 18 (22%)
149:and a minority of
121:Islamic liberalism
94:Hezbollah Assembly
73:Parliamentary wing
4840:Islamic democracy
4812:
4811:
4770:Pan-Iranist Party
4540:Ansar-e Hezbollah
4449:The Two Societies
4290:, 23 April 2017,
4259:Financial Tribune
4148:Iranian Diplomacy
3881:, (2005), p.315-9
3838:978-964-7134-01-9
3222:
3221:
3093:
3092:
3025:
3024:
2928:
2927:
2856:Hossein Hashemian
2654:
2653:
2635:Masoud Pezeshkian
2623:
2595:Masoud Pezeshkian
2584:
2555:
2525:
2492:
2468:
2466:Combatant Clerics
2404:
2383:
2355:
2353:Combatant Clerics
2331:
2300:
2294:Combatant Clerics
2262:
2256:Combatant Clerics
2204:President of Iran
2198:
2197:
2190:
2172:
2018:Ervand Abrahamian
1954:Masoud Pezeshkian
1890:(June 17, 2005),
1765:Red Eminence and
1690:
1689:
1529:(revolution) and
1344:Masoud Pezeshkian
1317:
1288:rendering support
1268:
1267:
1163:Visa requirements
1109:Foreign relations
1081:Ruhollah Khomeini
1066:Hossein Borujerdi
999:Inside government
988:Political parties
834:Local governments
502:
501:
489:Political parties
455:8 / 9 (89%)
371:0 / 13 (0%)
343:0 / 15 (0%)
329:0 / 21 (0%)
294:0 / 12 (0%)
280:2 / 88 (2%)
117:Islamic democracy
67:Masoud Pezeshkian
16:(Redirected from
4867:
4803:Historic parties
4755:Freedom Movement
4426:Politics of Iran
4413:
4412:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4172:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4154:on 7 August 2017
4140:
4125:
4112:
4106:
4103:The Soul of Iran
4101:Molavi, Afshin,
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4073:
4067:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4031:. Archived from
4021:
4015:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3993:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3943:
3934:
3933:
3927:
3919:
3907:
3901:
3888:
3882:
3879:The Soul of Iran
3875:
3869:
3866:The Soul of Iran
3862:
3856:
3849:
3840:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3781:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3749:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3720:
3714:
3707:
3701:
3698:The Soul of Iran
3696:Molavi, Afshin,
3694:
3688:
3687:
3679:
3670:
3667:The Soul of Iran
3665:Molavi, Afshin,
3663:
3657:
3650:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3619:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3592:. Archived from
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3560:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3512:. 28 July 2024.
3502:
3496:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3426:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3370:
3361:
3360:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3297:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3102:
3034:
2936:
2916:
2896:
2760:
2751:Reformists Front
2745:Reformists Front
2622:
2610:
2579:
2553:
2520:
2487:
2451:
2402:
2374:
2350:
2326:
2283:
2253:
2237:Mohammad Khatami
2200:
2193:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2130:
2098:
2090:
2081:Election results
2052:Iranian diaspora
1924:Mohammad Khatami
1777:
1705:Mohammad Khatami
1685:
1682:
1676:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1628:student groups.
1622:Anjoman-e-Eslami
1614:Mohsen Mirdamadi
1421:Mohammad Khatami
1407:Mostafa Tajzadeh
1403:Mohsen Aminzadeh
1340:Reformists Front
1332:Mohammad Khatami
1325:
1312:
1310:
1276:
1275:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1221:
1220:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1186:Taxation in Iran
1017:
1000:
881:Guardian Council
795:
786:Supreme Councils
737:Attorney General
694:Guardian Council
621:Mohammad Mokhber
603:Mohammad Mokhber
520:
509:Politics of Iran
504:
484:Politics of Iran
470:
469:0 / 9 (0%)
456:
442:
428:
414:
400:
386:
372:
358:
344:
330:
309:
295:
288:Guardian Council
281:
268:Oversight bodies
263:
253:
233:
222:
202:
188:
175:
161:Executive branch
98:
91:
86:
81:
63:
53:Mohammad Khatami
49:Spiritual leader
37:
32:Reformers' Party
21:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4789:Electoral lists
4779:
4726:
4645:Democracy Party
4581:
4435:
4417:
4407:
4405:
4375:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4327:
4325:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4297:
4295:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4268:
4266:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4239:
4237:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4214:
4212:
4211:, 10 April 2017
4203:
4202:
4198:
4189:
4187:
4174:
4173:
4166:
4157:
4155:
4142:
4141:
4128:
4122:Wayback Machine
4113:
4109:
4105:, (2005), p.311
4100:
4096:
4086:
4084:
4079:. May 5, 2006.
4075:
4074:
4070:
4062:Wayback Machine
4052:
4048:
4038:
4036:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4009:
4005:
4000:
3996:
3987:
3983:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3955:
3953:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3920:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3898:Wayback Machine
3889:
3885:
3876:
3872:
3868:, (2005), p.313
3863:
3859:
3850:
3843:
3831:
3827:
3818:
3816:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3794:
3792:
3783:
3782:
3775:
3766:
3764:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3708:
3704:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3680:
3673:
3664:
3660:
3656:, (2008), p.186
3651:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3621:
3620:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3596:on 3 March 2016
3588:
3587:
3583:
3573:
3571:
3562:
3561:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3491:Ebadi, Shirin,
3490:
3486:
3477:
3475:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3446:
3444:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3401:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3342:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3315:
3313:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3254:Politics portal
3252:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3223:
3099:
3094:
3065:
3031:
3026:
2987:
2952:Democracy Party
2933:
2914:
2894:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2691:Mahmoud Sadeghi
2664:
2659:
2194:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2131:
2129:
2115:
2099:
2088:
2083:
2069:
2061:Mohsen Sazegara
2048:
2032:
2010:Saeed Hajjarian
1986:velayat-e faqih
1971:
1951:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1884:
1867:
1854:
1830:
1821:Salam newspaper
1817:
1811:
1803:
1762:
1736:Saeed Hajjarian
1728:
1701:
1695:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1598:Saeed Hajjarian
1589:
1557:jam'eh-e madani
1472:Saeed Hajjarian
1460:
1387:Saeed Hajjarian
1365:
1360:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1286:Without proper
1277:
1273:
1264:
1235:
1231:Other countries
1215:
1211:Iran portal
1205:
1203:
1196:
1195:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1153:Nationality law
1149:
1132:
1111:
1101:
1100:
1061:Anti-capitalism
1056:
1046:
1045:
1015:
998:
994:
980:
979:
974:
955:
936:
914:
887:
886:
885:
876:Election Office
869:
859:
858:
857:
856:
835:
827:
826:
810:
791:
787:
779:
778:
720:
710:
709:
690:
663:
653:
652:
588:
580:
579:
560:
539:
511:
498:
471:
468:
457:
454:
443:
440:
429:
426:
415:
412:
401:
398:
387:
384:
373:
370:
359:
356:
345:
342:
331:
328:
310:
307:
296:
293:
282:
279:
261:
251:
240:Judicial branch
234:
231:
220:
203:
200:
195:Vice Presidents
189:
186:
171:
123:
119:
115:
111:
96:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
59:
44:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4873:
4871:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4855:Reform in Iran
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4817:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4738:National Front
4734:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4591:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4501:Zeynab Society
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4445:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4381:
4374:
4373:
4358:
4352:
4334:
4304:
4275:
4246:
4221:
4196:
4164:
4126:
4107:
4094:
4068:
4046:
4016:
4003:
3994:
3981:
3962:
3935:
3902:
3883:
3870:
3857:
3841:
3825:
3801:
3787:. 2002-07-17.
3773:
3757:news.bbc.co.uk
3741:
3726:. 2001-06-06.
3715:
3702:
3689:
3671:
3658:
3640:
3607:
3581:
3552:
3527:
3497:
3493:Iran Awakening
3484:
3474:on 17 May 2017
3453:
3421:
3410:
3399:
3381:(2): 237–256,
3362:
3347:
3340:
3322:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3243:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3079:
3074:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
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2846:
2844:2nd of Khordad
2841:
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2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2807:
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2797:
2794:
2792:Abdollah Nouri
2789:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2757:
2754:
2749:Main article:
2746:
2743:
2738:Main article:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2713:Hassan Rasouli
2710:
2704:
2701:Elaheh Koulaei
2698:
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2577:
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2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:Hassan Rouhani
2533:
2527:
2526:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:Hassan Rouhani
2500:
2494:
2493:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2474:Mehdi Karroubi
2470:
2469:
2449:
2446:
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2426:
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2337:Mehdi Karroubi
2333:
2332:
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2308:
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2281:
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2240:
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2196:
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2102:
2100:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2068:
2065:
2047:
2044:
2031:
2028:
2003:supreme leader
1970:
1967:
1950:
1947:
1939:Mehdi Karroubi
1907:Main article:
1904:
1901:
1896:Mehdi Karroubi
1883:
1880:
1866:
1863:
1853:
1850:
1829:
1826:
1813:Main article:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1767:Grey Eminences
1761:
1755:
1727:
1724:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1681:September 2024
1668:
1666:
1659:
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1650:
1588:
1585:
1565:hoquq-e beshar
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1436:
1410:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1352:Supreme Leader
1290:, you may see
1278:
1271:
1270:
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1234:
1233:
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1213:
1198:
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1188:
1182:
1180:Related topics
1179:
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820:Sadeq Larijani
811:
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788:
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664:
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627:Supervisor of
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589:
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582:
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544:Supreme Leader
540:
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4353:9781349149513
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4078:
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4030:
4029:openDemocracy
4026:
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4017:
4013:
4007:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3990:The Economist
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3515:
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3507:
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3473:
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3467:Freedom House
3463:
3457:
3454:
3442:
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3432:
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3419:
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3411:
3408:
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3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3367:
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3348:
3343:
3341:9783319594927
3337:
3333:
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3307:
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3296:
3293:
3287:
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3208:
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3141:
3139:
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3134:
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3131:
3127:
3125:
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3110:
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3029:Organizations
3028:
3021:
3015:
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3005:
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2991:
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2778:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2744:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2718:Mohsen Rohami
2716:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2707:Elham Fakhari
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2611:Supported by
2609:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2575:
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2490:
2486:
2483:
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2477:
2475:
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2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2452:Supported by
2450:
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2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2416:
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2411:
2408:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2375:Supported by
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2361:Mostafa Moeen
2359:
2358:
2354:
2351:Supported by
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2327:Supported by
2325:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2284:Supported by
2282:
2280:
2277:
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2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2254:Supported by
2252:
2250:
2247:
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2241:
2239:
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2232:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2218:
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2192:
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2142:
2139: –
2138:
2134:
2133:Find sources:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2103:This section
2101:
2097:
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2091:
2085:
2080:
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2075:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2045:
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2037:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1976:The Economist
1968:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1958:Ebrahim Raisi
1955:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1842:Afshin Molavi
1838:
1835:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1816:
1808:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1795:Ali Fallahian
1792:
1788:
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1780:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1754:
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1748:
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1733:
1732:assassination
1725:
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1578:
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1562:
1561:civil society
1558:
1554:
1550:
1547:(modernity),
1546:
1542:
1538:
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1528:
1527:
1522:
1519:(martyrdom),
1518:
1517:
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1488:
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1452:
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1447:Behzad Nabavi
1444:
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1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:Hadi Khamenei
1422:
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1363:Organizations
1362:
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1133:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
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1059:
1058:
1055:
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1042:
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1037:
1034:
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1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
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1005:
1002:
997:
996:
993:
989:
984:
983:
971:
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916:
911:
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906:
904:
901:
898:
895:
894:
892:
891:
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888:
882:
879:
877:
874:
873:
868:
863:
862:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
831:
830:
821:
817:
816:
815:
812:
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:
794:
790:
789:
783:
782:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
749:Supreme Court
747:
743:
740:
739:
738:
735:
731:
728:
727:
726:
725:Chief Justice
723:
722:
719:
714:
713:
704:
703:Ahmad Jannati
700:
697:
696:
695:
692:
691:
685:
682:
681:
678:
674:
671:
670:
669:
666:
665:
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619:
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584:
583:
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566:
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547:
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541:
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531:
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438:
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418:
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396:
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382:
380:
376:
368:
366:
362:
354:
352:
348:
340:
338:
334:
326:
324:
320:
317:
316:City Councils
313:
305:
303:
299:
291:
289:
285:
277:
275:
271:
266:
260:
256:
250:
248:
247:Chief Justice
244:
241:
237:
229:
225:
219:
217:
213:
210:
206:
198:
196:
192:
184:
182:
178:
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159:
155:
152:
148:
145:
141:
138:
135:
133:
129:
126:
122:
118:
114:
113:Republicanism
110:
107:
105:
101:
95:
78:
77:Hope fraction
75:
71:
68:
65:
62:
57:
54:
51:
47:
38:
33:
19:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4675:Worker House
4586:
4441:Principlists
4367:
4361:
4343:
4337:
4326:, retrieved
4317:
4307:
4296:, retrieved
4287:
4278:
4267:, retrieved
4258:
4249:
4238:, retrieved
4234:
4224:
4213:, retrieved
4209:Tehran Times
4208:
4199:
4188:, retrieved
4180:Tehran Times
4179:
4156:, retrieved
4152:the original
4147:
4110:
4102:
4097:
4085:. Retrieved
4071:
4064:
4049:
4037:. Retrieved
4033:the original
4028:
4019:
4011:
4006:
3997:
3989:
3984:
3975:
3965:
3954:. Retrieved
3950:
3915:
3905:
3886:
3878:
3873:
3865:
3860:
3852:
3828:
3817:. Retrieved
3813:
3804:
3793:. Retrieved
3765:. Retrieved
3756:
3732:. Retrieved
3718:
3710:
3705:
3697:
3692:
3683:
3666:
3661:
3653:
3652:Abrahamian,
3631:. Retrieved
3598:. Retrieved
3594:the original
3584:
3572:. Retrieved
3543:. Retrieved
3539:
3530:
3518:. Retrieved
3509:
3500:
3492:
3487:
3476:, retrieved
3472:the original
3465:
3456:
3445:, retrieved
3434:
3424:
3413:
3402:
3378:
3374:
3356:
3350:
3331:
3325:
3314:, retrieved
3305:
3295:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3156:
3149:
3144:Ayande-ye No
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3087:
3077:Worker House
3064:
3019:
2986:
2913:
2893:
2815:Majid Ansari
2694:
2665:
2646:
2633:
2605:
2548:
2535:
2521:endorsed by
2515:
2502:
2321:
2278:
2248:
2235:
2184:
2175:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2132:
2116:Please help
2104:
2070:
2049:
2040:
2033:
2023:
2014:
2008:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1962:Saeed Jalili
1952:
1928:
1892:Mostafa Moin
1885:
1868:
1855:
1839:
1831:
1818:
1804:
1778:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1744:
1729:
1709:
1702:
1678:
1670:
1652:Major events
1638:
1630:
1590:
1576:
1572:
1569:human rights
1564:
1556:
1555:(equality),
1552:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1506:
1498:
1490:
1482:
1480:
1461:
1451:Mohsen Armin
1442:
1429:Majid Ansari
1416:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1300:
1298:
1282:Persian text
1279:
1091:Ali Shariati
1071:Ahmad Fardid
1009:Principlists
908:
897:Presidential
852:City Council
842:Municipality
549:Ali Khamenei
262:No influence
125:Anti-Zionism
80:(since 2016)
4577:YEKTA Front
4560:Green Party
4087:January 10,
3240:Iran portal
2867:Imam's Line
2709:(Secretary)
2703:(Secretary)
2643:16,384,403
2602:10,415,991
2545:23,549,616
2512:18,692,500
2445:13,338,121
2422:10,046,701
2275:21,659,053
2245:20,078,187
2030:Limitations
1787:Akbar Ganji
1747:Saeed Asgar
1716:rule of law
1602:Akbar Ganji
1581:citizenship
1551:(liberty),
1532:Gharbzadegi
1487:imperialism
1483:emperialism
1309:اصلاحطلبان
1168:Visa policy
1125:Ali Bagheri
1096:Sayyid Qutb
1036:Pan-Iranism
1031:Nationalism
921:Legislative
798:Secretary:
661:Legislative
151:Sunni Islam
97:(1996–2000)
90:(2000–2004)
85:(2004–2012)
4819:Categories
4743:Iran Party
4717:NEDA Party
4587:Reformists
3956:2024-09-17
3951:Al Jazeera
3900:10-11-2005
3819:2022-11-29
3795:2022-11-29
3767:2022-11-29
3540:Al Jazeera
3306:Al-Monitor
3288:References
3211:Mosharekat
3183:Hambastegi
3176:Hayat-e-No
3109:Aftab Yazd
2977:NEDA Party
2695:ex-officio
2581:Executives
2573:2,443,387
2462:Executives
2396:1,288,640
2368:4,083,951
2344:5,070,114
2329:Executives
2318:6,211,937
2298:Executives
2260:Executives
2148:newspapers
2046:Secularism
1979:magazine:
1913:See also:
1791:Rafsanjani
1757:Ganji and
1697:See also:
1620:, and the
1587:Supporters
1577:Shahrvandi
1545:moderniyat
1511:mujahideen
1491:mostazafen
1395:Abbas Abdi
1358:Background
1301:Reformists
1026:Liberalism
1021:Monarchism
1004:Reformists
818:Chairman:
538:Leadership
209:Parliament
147:Shia Islam
42:Reformists
3395:141387320
3169:Ham-Mihan
3130:Asr-e Maa
2772:Fraction
2728:Ali Soufi
2583:Candidate
2491:Candidate
2458:Mojahedin
2381:Mojahedin
2290:Mojahedin
2178:July 2024
2105:does not
2086:President
1783:newspaper
1720:democracy
1712:reformist
1541:democracy
1537:demokrasi
1523:(roots),
1478:'s camp.
1314:romanized
1041:Socialism
867:Elections
593:President
587:Executive
494:Elections
181:Ministers
167:President
109:Reformism
4322:archived
4292:archived
4263:archived
4215:14 April
4190:30 April
4184:archived
4158:24 April
4118:Archived
4081:Archived
4058:Archived
3924:cite web
3916:NPR News
3894:Archived
3877:Molavi,
3864:Molavi,
3789:Archived
3761:Archived
3728:Archived
3627:Archived
3568:Archived
3545:2 August
3514:Archived
3447:30 April
3441:archived
3436:MinnPost
3310:archived
3226:See also
3197:Yas-e No
3084:(banned)
3016:(banned)
2687:(Deputy)
2481:333,635
2074:graffiti
2036:Khamenei
1583:), etc.
1553:barabari
1323:-Talabân
1158:Passport
1127:(acting)
1121:Minister
992:factions
942:Experts:
718:Judicial
699:Chairman
605:(acting)
569:Chairman
463:Sanandaj
143:Religion
104:Ideology
4328:7 April
3520:30 July
3510:AP News
3190:Khordad
3158:Ebtekar
3116:Etemaad
2931:Parties
2915:Present
2769:Tenure
2162:scholar
2126:removed
2111:sources
1990:murders
1886:In the
1856:In the
1772:Persian
1671:updated
1526:enqelab
1507:mojahed
1476:Khatami
1316::
1305:Persian
1140:in Iran
673:Speaker
641:Cabinet
435:Zahedan
351:Isfahan
337:Mashhad
216:Speaker
4350:
4039:28 May
3836:
3734:28 May
3633:28 May
3600:28 May
3574:28 May
3478:25 May
3393:
3338:
3316:25 May
3217:
3123:Shargh
3088:
3020:
2681:(Head)
2640:54.76
2629:2024/2
2599:44.40
2590:2024/1
2542:57.13
2509:50.88
2442:33.75
2419:35.93
2410:2005/2
2365:13.89
2341:17.24
2315:21.13
2306:2005/1
2225:Notes
2219:Votes
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2135:
1740:Tehran
1516:shahed
1405:, and
1326:) are
961:Local:
407:Tabriz
393:Shiraz
323:Tehran
258:Status
137:Centre
4298:5 May
4269:5 May
4240:5 May
3391:S2CID
3151:Bahar
3137:Asrar
3097:Media
2910:2016
2886:2012
2883:2008
2863:2008
2860:2004
2840:2004
2837:2000
2822:2000
2819:1997
2799:1997
2796:1996
2780:From
2766:Name
2570:9.81
2478:0.85
2393:4.38
2272:77.1
2242:69.6
2222:Rank
2210:Date
2169:JSTOR
2155:books
1943:Basij
1933:were
1751:Basij
1645:Basij
1549:azadi
1521:khish
1503:jihad
1499:jehad
1462:Some
1458:Ideas
1321:Eslâh
449:Rasht
365:Karaj
227:Seats
4348:ISBN
4330:2017
4300:2017
4288:ILNA
4271:2017
4242:2017
4217:2017
4192:2017
4160:2017
4089:2011
4041:2016
3930:link
3834:ISBN
3736:2016
3635:2016
3602:2016
3576:2016
3547:2024
3522:2024
3480:2017
3449:2016
3336:ISBN
3318:2017
2921:Hope
2775:Ref
2621:CRWP
2576:3rd
2561:2021
2531:2017
2498:2013
2484:4th
2464:and
2448:2nd
2433:2009
2425:2nd
2399:7th
2379:and
2371:5th
2347:3rd
2296:and
2268:2001
2258:and
2231:1997
2141:news
2109:any
2107:cite
1937:and
1894:and
1634:Iran
1495:poor
1367:The
1299:The
990:and
970:2025
965:2021
951:2024
946:2016
932:2024
927:2020
909:2024
903:2021
615:list
597:list
421:Yazd
3383:doi
3204:Zan
2783:To
2647:1st
2606:1st
2549:1st
2516:1st
2322:1st
2279:1st
2249:1st
2120:by
1734:of
1571:),
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1513:),
1505:),
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379:Qom
173:Yes
4821::
4320:,
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2059:,
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1846:UN
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221:No
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