58:
418:
892:
57:
602:
3947:
2308:
245:
2319:
1499:
2296:
917:. These were dream poems, typically featuring a woman representing Ireland who pleaded with the young men of Ireland to save her from slavery and oppression. Many Irish language poets clung to a romantic attachment to the Jacobite cause, although some wrote in praise of the United Irishmen in the 1790s. Other, non-political poetry could be quite sexually explicit, for example the poem
543:
Catholic gentry to
Protestantism to keep their lands. Another reason was the Penal laws stipulation that Catholic owned land could not be passed on intact to a single heir. This made many Catholic landholdings unproductive and caused them to fall out of Catholic hands over several generations. This period of defeat and apparent hopelessness for Irish Catholics was referred to in
2329:
781:
773:, the United Irish leader, went to France to seek French military support. These efforts bore fruit when the French launched an expeditionary force of 15,000 troops which arrived off Bantry Bay in December 1796, but failed to land due to a combination of indecisiveness, poor seamanship, and storms off the
542:
which ended in 1691. The defeat of the
Catholic landed classes in this war meant that those who had fought for James II had their lands confiscated (until a pardon of 1710). The outcome of the war also meant that Catholics were excluded from political power. One reason for this was the conversion of
677:
Partly as a result of the trade laws being liberalised, Ireland went through an economic boom in the 1780s. Canals extended from Dublin westwards and the Four Courts and Post Office were established. Dublin's granite-lined quays were built and it boasted that it was the 'second city of the empire'.
429:
The majority of the people of
Ireland were Catholic peasants; they were very poor and largely impotent politically during the eighteenth century, as many of their leaders converted to Protestantism to avoid severe economic and political penalties. Nevertheless, there was a growing Catholic cultural
408:
Great economic disparities existed between different areas of the country, with the north and east being relatively highly developed, rich and involved in export of goods, whereas much of the west was roadless, hardly developed and had a cashless subsistence economy with a growing dependence on the
962:
This period in Irish history has been called "the long peace" and indeed for nearly one hundred years, there was little political violence in
Ireland, in stark contrast to the previous two hundred years. Nevertheless, the period 1691–1801 began and ended in violence. By its close, the dominance of
692:
Further reforms for
Catholics continued to 1793, when they could again vote, sit on grand juries and buy freehold land. However they could neither enter parliament nor become senior state officials. Reform stalled because of the French war (1793), but, as the French republicans were opposed to the
497:
prohibitions against trade with other
British colonies. The king and his cabinet in London could not risk another revolution on the American model, so they made a series of concessions to the Patriot faction in Dublin. Mostly Protestant "Volunteer" units of armed men were set up to protect against
971:
that created the United
Kingdom from January 1801. The violence of the 1790s had shattered the hopes of many radicals that the old sectarian divisions in Irish society could be forgotten. Presbyterians in particular largely abandoned their alliance with Catholics and radicals in the 19th century.
590:
recognition of the
Hanoverian dynasty in 1766, the threat to the Protestant Ascendancy eased and many Penal Laws were relaxed or lightly enforced. In addition, some Catholic gentry families got around the Penal Laws by making nominal conversions to Protestantism or by getting one family member to
565:
and mostly descended from
Scottish settlers, also suffered from the Penal Laws. They could sit in Parliament but not hold office. Both Catholics and Presbyterians were also barred from certain professions (such as law, the judiciary and the army) and had restrictions on inheriting land. Catholics
473:
served from 1767–72 and, unlike his predecessors, was in full-time residence in Dublin Castle. Townshend had the strong support of both the king and the cabinet in London, so that all major decisions were basically made in London. He dismantled the undertaker system and centralized patronage and
803:
Thereafter, the government began a campaign of repression targeted against the United
Irishmen, including executions, routine use of torture, transportation to penal colonies and house burnings. As the repression began to bite, the United Irishmen decided to go ahead with an insurrection without
401:. Methods used by the secret societies included the killing or maiming of livestock, tearing down of enclosure fences and occasionally violence against landlords, bailiffs and the militia. Rural discontent was exacerbated by the rapidly growing population – a trend that would continue until the
832:. The rebellion lasted just three months before it was suppressed, but claimed an estimated 30,000 lives. Being the largest outburst of violence in modern Ireland, 1798 looms heavily in collective memory and was commemorated extensively in its centennial and bicentennial anniversaries.
624:
By the late 18th century, many of the Irish Protestant elite had come to see Ireland as their native country and were angered at the neglect from London. The Patriots, led by Henry Grattan agitated for a more favourable trading relationship with England, in particular abolition of the
438:. They owned the great bulk of the farmland, where the work was done by the Catholic peasants. Many of these families lived in England and were absentee landlords, whose loyalty was basically to England. Many of the Anglo-Irish who lived in Ireland became increasingly identified as
370:, Bishop of Cloyne wondered "how a foreigner could possibly conceive that half the inhabitants are dying of hunger in a country so abundant in foodstuffs?" In the 1740s, these economic inequalities, when combined with an exceptionally cold winter and poor harvest, led directly to the
835:
The Republican ideal of a non-sectarian society was greatly damaged by sectarian atrocities committed by both sides during the rebellion. The British response was swift and harsh: days after the outbreak of the rebellion local forces publicly executed suspected United Irishmen in
569:
In the early part of the 18th century, these Penal Laws were augmented and quite strictly enforced, as the Protestant elite were unsure of their position and threatened by the continued existence of Irish Catholic regiments in the French army committed to a restoration of the
374:, which killed about 400,000 people. In the 1780s, due to increased competition from salted-meat exporters in the Baltic and North America, the Anglo-Irish landowners rapidly switched to growing grain for export, while their impoverished tenants ate potatoes and
954:, who converted to Protestantism and became a leading philosopher in intellectual circles in Scotland, England, Germany and Bohemia. Much of Ireland's finest urban architecture also stems from this era, particularly in the cities of Dublin and Limerick.
712:, initially to campaign for the end to religious discrimination and the widening of the right to vote. However, the group soon radicalised its aims and sought to overthrow British rule and found a non-sectarian republic. In the words of
980:
would in the future be a more exclusively Catholic phenomenon. Many Protestants saw their continued pre-eminence in Irish society, and their hopes for the Irish economy, as being guaranteed only by the Union with Britain and became
638:
that allowed the English Parliament to legislate for Ireland. Many of their demands were met in 1782, when Free Trade was granted between Ireland and England and Poynings' Law was amended. Instrumental in achieving reform was the
513:
was instigated by those impatient with the slow pace of reform, with French support. Britain suppressed the separatists, and legislated a complete union with Ireland in 1801, including the abolition of the Irish Parliament.
629:
that enforced tariffs on Irish goods in English markets, but allowed no tariffs for English goods in Ireland. From early in the century, Irish parliamentarians also campaigned for legislative independence for the
430:
awakening underway. There were two Protestant groups. The Presbyterians in Ulster in the north lived in better economic conditions, but had virtually no political power. Power was held by a small group of
598:" – a moderate organisation of Catholic gentry and Clergy in each county which advocated repeal of the Penal Laws and emphasised their loyalty. Reforms on land ownership then started in 1771 and 1778–79.
812:, then briefly in Kildare, Meath, Carlow and Wicklow. County Wexford in the southeast then saw the most sustained fighting of the rebellion, to be briefly joined by rebels who took to the field in
461:
or viceroy. In practice, the viceroys lived in England and the affairs in the island were largely controlled by an elite group of Irish Protestants known as "undertakers." These men controlled the
505:
The result was a series of new laws that made the Irish Parliament a powerful institution that was independent of the British Parliament, although still under the supervision of the King and his
358:) and for a temporary iron industry in the course of the 17th century, Irish estates turned to the export of salt beef, pork, butter, and hard cheese through the slaughterhouse and port city of
750:
movement was also suppressed. However, these measures did nothing to calm the situation in Ireland and these reforms were bitterly opposed by the "ultra-loyalist" Protestant hardliners such as
457:. A declaration in 1720 stated that Ireland was dependent on Britain and that the British Parliament had power to make laws binding Ireland. The king set policy through his appointment of the
674:, remained opposed to further concessions to Catholics and, led by the 'Junta', argued that the "Protestant Interest" could only be secured by maintaining the connection with Britain.
3862:
2785:
746:
were banned after Revolutionary France in 1793 declared war on Britain and they developed from a political movement into a military organisation preparing for armed rebellion. The
474:
power. His "Castle party" took charge of the Irish House of Commons. In response, "patriot" opposition emerged to challenge the increasingly centralized, oligarchical government.
899:
Some historians argue that there were two cultures existing side by side in 18th century Ireland, which had little contact with each other. One was Catholic and Gaelic, the other
526:
in composition. Catholics had been barred from holding office in the early 17th century, barred from sitting in Parliament by mid-century and finally disenfranchised in 1727.
381:
Peasant secret societies became common in 18th century Ireland as the chief means of changing landlords' behaviour. These illegal formations called themselves names like the
310:, and had taken control of most of the land. Many were absentee landlords based in England, but others lived full-time in Ireland and increasingly identified as Irish. (See
3867:
2878:
3724:
2944:
3896:
1559:
273:
2399:
3063:
2487:
1723:
1705:
872:
635:
146:
3910:
742:. Many Catholics, particularly the emergent Catholic middle class, were also attracted to the movement, and it claimed over 200,000 members by 1798. The
469:. A series of reform proposals culminated in a dramatic change in 1767, with the appointment of an English politician who became a very strong viceroy.
2831:
2765:
2709:
871:, dominated by the Protestant landed class, was persuaded to vote for its own abolition for fear of another rebellion and with the aid of bribery by
3971:
3729:
2365:
2322:
1733:
470:
3901:
2925:
2714:
2332:
3075:
2959:
2619:
1743:
967:
that had ruled the country for 100 years was beginning to be challenged by an increasingly assertive Catholic population, and was ended by the
658:" was the start of a process that would end sectarian discrimination and usher in an era of prosperity and Irish self-government. Conservative
397:. Issues that motivated them included high rents, evictions, enclosure of common lands and payment of tithes to the state church, the Anglican
3986:
3914:
3877:
2908:
1343:
808:. When the central core of the plan, an uprising in Dublin, failed, the rebellion then spread in an apparently random fashion firstly around
3779:
3162:
3048:
2882:
844:
Government troops and militia targeted Catholics in general and the rebels on several occasions killed Protestant loyalist civilians. In
3117:
3030:
2987:
1738:
2492:
2475:
2463:
1587:
107:
97:
92:
3882:
3646:
3549:
3043:
2954:
2729:
2532:
2391:
2003:
999:
994:
667:
323:
164:
2458:
87:
2739:
1220:
2504:
2444:
82:
863:
Largely in response to the rebellion, Irish self-government was abolished altogether from 1 January 1801 by the provisions of the
3981:
3976:
3905:
2929:
2561:
2075:
1552:
454:
266:
3542:
3169:
2615:
2070:
2015:
1680:
747:
640:
678:
Corn laws were introduced in 1784 to give a bounty on flour shipped to Dublin; this promoted the spread of mills and tillage.
3174:
3070:
2744:
2724:
2679:
2377:
705:
334:, owned land and businesses but could not vote and had no political power. The period begins with the defeat of the Catholic
311:
216:
3152:
2861:
2775:
552:
231:
2634:
371:
3809:
3127:
3053:
2903:
2836:
2760:
2591:
2358:
2253:
2090:
2007:
1975:
1655:
751:
663:
595:
186:
318:
controlled by the King of Great Britain and supervised by his cabinet in London. The great majority of its population,
3147:
2520:
2011:
1545:
417:
354:
In the wake of the wars of conquest of the 17th century, completely deforested of timber for export (usually for the
259:
226:
168:
37:
2031:
3852:
3491:
3157:
2851:
2269:
2100:
1675:
876:
671:
648:
458:
3559:
3415:
3135:
2949:
2871:
2856:
2841:
2689:
2624:
2586:
2576:
2566:
2426:
2261:
1728:
1690:
1684:
1620:
1582:
837:
734:
community, being literate, who were also discriminated against for their religion, and who had strong links with
651:, but was outside of government control and staged armed demonstrations in favour of Grattan's reforming agenda.
539:
339:
112:
551:– or "shipwreck". Protestant pamphlets emphasized the positive aspects of the Glorious Revolution; liberty from
314:). During this time, Ireland was nominally an autonomous Kingdom with its own Parliament; in actuality it was a
3804:
2934:
2548:
1994:
1694:
498:
the possibility of an invasion from France. As happened in America, in Ireland the king no longer had a legal
196:
1818:
1504:
891:
879:. The Catholic Bishops, who had condemned the rebellion, supported the Union as a step on the road to further
594:
From 1766 Catholics favoured reform of the existing state in Ireland. Their politics were represented by the "
1043:
Louis M. Cullen, "Problems in the interpretation and revision of eighteenth-century Irish economic history."
796:
346:, which formally annexed Ireland in a United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 and dissolved the Irish Parliament.
3872:
3821:
3537:
3289:
3038:
2898:
2704:
2649:
2639:
2606:
2439:
2351:
2189:
2021:
1700:
1665:
922:
805:
727:
The United Irishmen spread quickly throughout the country. Republicanism was particularly attractive to the
510:
490:
390:
206:
77:
647:
in 1778. This militia, up to 100,000 strong, was formed to defend Ireland from foreign invasion during the
3892:
3769:
3395:
2915:
2770:
2659:
2610:
2238:
2055:
2050:
1988:
1882:
1748:
1670:
1645:
1635:
784:
402:
307:
201:
1427:
3554:
3525:
3058:
2300:
2222:
2040:
1980:
1630:
964:
880:
868:
687:
631:
574:
dynasty. From time to time, these fears were exacerbated by the activities of Catholic bandits known as
462:
291:
938:
942:. Of importance in the British Parliament, and in the history of conservatism, was political thinker
3924:
3691:
3462:
3439:
3224:
3110:
2964:
2939:
2808:
2629:
2601:
2180:
2044:
1984:
1763:
1753:
1649:
754:. Violence and disorder became widespread. Hardening loyalist attitudes led to the foundation of the
735:
655:
499:
466:
211:
3799:
3701:
3626:
3597:
3485:
3330:
3020:
3010:
2920:
2596:
2453:
2434:
2388:
2230:
2110:
2085:
2080:
2060:
1890:
1842:
1659:
1610:
982:
973:
853:
766:
739:
713:
619:
601:
486:
478:
221:
135:
72:
765:, now dedicated to armed revolution, forged links with the militant Catholic peasant society, the
3826:
3759:
3754:
3681:
3664:
3582:
3269:
3197:
2826:
2694:
2644:
2581:
2556:
2552:
2470:
2414:
2245:
2151:
2026:
1874:
1768:
1640:
1625:
1568:
968:
864:
755:
583:
422:
343:
140:
46:
3090:
1481:
857:
1294:
Swift, the book, and the Irish financial revolution: Satire and sovereignty in colonial Ireland
3857:
3787:
3507:
3369:
3363:
3234:
3140:
3100:
3005:
2866:
2144:
2036:
1826:
1339:
1216:
977:
841:
701:
609:. Tone was captured in the Rebellion of 1798 and committed suicide before he could be executed
509:. These concessions, instead of satisfying the Irish Patriots, intensified their demands. The
439:
435:
398:
299:
3716:
3696:
3517:
3472:
2846:
2527:
2509:
2396:
2206:
1906:
159:
3816:
3744:
3739:
3577:
3569:
3447:
3374:
3015:
2699:
2674:
2198:
829:
762:
743:
659:
626:
535:
394:
367:
1954:
1448:
1438:
1433:
1061:
1258:
3951:
3847:
3686:
3674:
3452:
3264:
2780:
2515:
2499:
2449:
2312:
2172:
2136:
1922:
1615:
951:
933:
926:
904:
825:
544:
443:
442:, and were resentful of the English control of their island. Their spokesmen, such as
319:
249:
154:
130:
1072:
Gale E. Christianson, "Secret Societies and Agrarian Violence in Ireland, 1790-1840."
722:
break the connection with England, the never failing source of all our political evils
693:
Catholic Church, in 1795 the government assisted in building St. Patrick's College in
591:"convert" to hold land for the rest of his family, or to take a large mortgage on it.
3965:
3502:
3335:
3209:
2684:
2669:
1453:
1443:
1106:
Eighteenth-Century Ireland: The Isle of Slaves - The Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland
813:
558:
506:
482:
3656:
3592:
3587:
3497:
3480:
3305:
3244:
2734:
2719:
2095:
1946:
1898:
1858:
1236:
1130:
David Lammey, "The Growth of the 'Patriot Opposition' in Ireland during the 1770,"
943:
914:
731:
494:
447:
327:
315:
1850:
1509:
1415:
Ireland: Land of Troubles: A History from the Twelfth Century to the Present Day.
17:
3793:
3706:
3405:
3349:
3310:
2571:
2164:
2156:
1999:
1810:
947:
900:
821:
817:
431:
363:
359:
295:
191:
1169:
Peter Jupp, "Earl Temple's Viceroyalty and the Renunciation Question, 1782-3,"
3887:
3531:
3410:
3320:
3284:
3274:
3080:
2277:
2120:
2065:
1938:
1914:
1834:
1758:
1517:
1498:
1490:
1364:
770:
606:
571:
527:
523:
355:
335:
1239:. Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. Vol. 1800 c. 67. 2 July 1800
718:
substitute the common name of Irishman for Protestant, Catholic and Dissenter
27:
Events and issues in Ireland from the Battle of the Boyne to the Act of Union
3919:
3640:
3424:
3279:
3254:
3229:
2654:
2128:
1930:
1480:
849:
579:
575:
386:
382:
3605:
3325:
1802:
3831:
3764:
3429:
3315:
3259:
2664:
694:
587:
1369:
Remembering the Year of the French: Irish Folk History and Social Memory
1336:
Eighteenth Century Ireland: The Long Peace (New Gill History of Ireland)
1323:
1261:. Acts of the Old Irish Parliament. Vol. 1800 c. 38. 1 August 1800
1093:
362:, which supplied England, the British navy and the sugar islands of the
3749:
3734:
3633:
3420:
3400:
2374:
1866:
1786:
1307:
Edmund Burke and Ireland: Aesthetics, politics and the colonial sublime
1077:
909:
709:
644:
303:
793:
a recreant yeoman having deserted to them in uniform is being cut down
3619:
3612:
3457:
3390:
3249:
1794:
1537:
1401:
The United Irishmen: Popular Politics in Ulster and Dublin, 1791-1798
845:
809:
774:
728:
562:
375:
331:
1387:
Religion, Law, and Power: The Making of Protestant Ireland 1660-1760
780:
700:
Some in Ireland were attracted to the more militant example of the
3669:
3239:
890:
779:
704:
of 1789. In 1791, a small group of Protestant radicals formed the
600:
531:
416:
2343:
1526:
The Men of No Property – Radical Politics in Ireland in the 1790s
582:. However, after the demise of the Jacobite cause in Scotland at
903:
and Protestant. In this period, there continued to be a vibrant
555:, the preservation of property and a degree of electoral power.
3195:
2985:
2806:
2412:
2347:
1541:
932:
Anglo-Irish writers were also prolific in this period, notably
306:
in the wake of its conquest by England and colonisation in the
3357:
1508:
682:
The United Irishmen, the 1798 Rebellion and the Acts of Union
820:
in the north. A small French force landed in Killala Bay in
654:
For the "Patriots", as Grattan's followers were known, the "
1473:
Ireland in the age of imperialism and revolution, 1760–1801
1318:
J. G. Simms, "John Toland (1670-1722), a Donegal Heretic."
1158:
Ireland in the age of imperialism and revolution, 1760–1801
824:
leading to a last outbreak of rebellion in counties Mayo,
1466:
The Isle of Slaves - The Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland
566:
could not bear arms or exercise their religion publicly.
465:
and made themselves even wealthier through patronage and
1032:
An Economic History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century
522:
The Irish Parliament of this era was almost exclusively
322:, were excluded from power and land ownership under the
2786:
List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland
946:. One intellectual who crossed the cultural divide was
921:(the Midnight Court). Gaelic poets of this era include
1088:
James S. Donnelly, "The Whiteboy movement, 1761-5."
489:
and demanded more and more self-rule. The so-called "
2516:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
561:, who were concentrated in the northern province of
3840:
3778:
3715:
3655:
3568:
3516:
3471:
3438:
3383:
3348:
3298:
3217:
3208:
3126:
3029:
2998:
2891:
2819:
2753:
2541:
2425:
2109:
1966:
1777:
1714:
1601:
1575:
613:
789:Charge of the 5th Dragoon Guards on the insurgents
2879:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland
232:History of the Irish language
738:emigrants who had fought against Britain in the
3725:Association football in the Republic of Ireland
804:French help. Their activity culminated in the
769:, who had been raiding farmhouses since 1792.
2359:
1553:
1516:. Dublin: Browne and Nolan, Ltd. – via
1489:. Dublin: Browne and Nolan, Ltd. – via
1357:Bartlett, Thomas, Kevin Dawson, Daire Keogh,
620:Irish Patriot Party § Grattan's Patriots
267:
8:
1422:History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century
1058:History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century
1045:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
578:and by peasant secret societies such as the
2488:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1215:. Cambridge University Press. p. 297.
758:, a hardline Protestant grouping, in 1795.
3911:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland
3214:
3205:
3192:
2995:
2982:
2816:
2803:
2422:
2409:
2366:
2352:
2344:
1560:
1546:
1538:
1394:The Emergence of Modern Ireland, 1600-1900
1198:The Cambridge Companion to Johnathan Swift
274:
260:
31:
1019:Ireland: a new economic history 1780-1939
614:"Grattan's Parliament" and the Volunteers
3730:Association football in Northern Ireland
1734:Counties of Meath and Westmeath Act 1543
453:Ireland was a separate kingdom ruled by
2926:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland
1060:(6 vol. 1892) vol 2, 1760-1789 pp 1-51
1010:
485:, had been greatly strengthened by the
45:
34:
1744:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652
302:, whose English ancestors had settled
1532:War and Politics in Ireland 1649–1730
1454:vol 6, international affairs of 1790s
7:
1283:(University of Illinois Press, 1962)
860:and the newly founded Orange Order.
530:, support for the Stuart dynasty by
434:families, who followed the Anglican
2328:
1739:Settlement of Laois and Offaly 1556
1511:Studies in Irish History, 1649-1775
1487:Studies in Irish History, 1649-1775
1309:(Cambridge University Press, 2003).
538:, had been utterly defeated in the
290:was marked by the dominance of the
2955:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland
2730:Economy of the Republic of Ireland
2528:Irish Free State (1922–1937)
1420:Lecky, William Edward Hartpole.
1000:Category:18th-century Irish people
995:Category:17th-century Irish people
950:, an Irish speaking Catholic from
25:
2740:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn
1464:(New Gill History of Ireland 4):
1417:Holmes & Meier, 1982. 224 pp.
848:, the 1790s were marked by naked
288:history of Ireland from 1691–1800
3945:
2909:Tallest buildings and structures
2327:
2318:
2317:
2306:
2294:
1497:
1403:(Oxford University Press, 1994).
409:potato as the main food supply.
326:. The second-largest group, the
243:
56:
3972:Early modern history of Ireland
1681:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
1338:, Gill & Macmillan (2009),
1056:William Edward Hartpole Lecky,
1047:(Fifth Series) 17 (1967): 1-22.
907:literature, exemplified by the
856:and Protestant groups like the
2745:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis
1593:History of Ireland (1691–1800)
1588:History of Ireland (1536–1691)
706:Society of the United Irishmen
312:Early Modern Ireland 1536-1691
1:
1213:A Military History of Ireland
1200:. Cambridge University Press.
493:" forced the reversal of the
450:, sought more local control.
3987:History of Ireland by period
3810:Northern Ireland flags issue
2761:List of conflicts in Ireland
2505:Southern Ireland (1921–1922)
1976:Dublin Castle administration
1479:Murray, Alice Effie (1903).
1376:The Perspective of the World
1371:(U of Wisconsin Press, 2007)
2781:Gaelic clothing and fashion
1380:Civilization and Capitalism
1259:Act of Union (Ireland) 1800
1237:Union with Ireland Act 1800
634:, especially the repeal of
4003:
1676:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
1462:Eighteenth-Century Ireland
1281:Jonathan Swift and Ireland
877:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
697:for Catholic seminarians.
685:
649:American Revolutionary War
617:
481:, under the leadership of
459:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
455:King George III of Britain
342:in 1691 and ends with the
3941:
3204:
3191:
2994:
2981:
2815:
2802:
2421:
2408:
2384:
2301:British Empire portal
2289:
1729:Crown of Ireland Act 1542
1621:Tudor conquest of Ireland
1583:Timeline of Irish history
1408:Modern Ireland, 1600–1972
1382:. (1979, in English 1985)
1279:Oliver Watkins Ferguson,
1211:Bartlett, Thomas (1997).
1119:Modern Ireland: 1600-1972
1034:(London and Dublin, 1918)
540:Williamite war in Ireland
340:Williamite War in Ireland
298:families of the Anglican
149:Great Britain and Ireland
113:Timeline of Irish history
1995:Privy Council of Ireland
1320:Irish historical studies
1196:Christopher Fox (2003).
1184:Modern Ireland 1600-1972
1171:Irish Historical Studies
1145:Modern Ireland 1600-1972
1090:Irish Historical Studies
972:Under the leadership of
852:strife between Catholic
3982:18th century in Ireland
3977:17th century in Ireland
3902:Prostitution (Republic)
2022:Court of Castle Chamber
1701:Irish Rebellion of 1798
1691:Williamite–Jacobite War
1666:Irish Rebellion of 1641
1428:vol 1 1700-1760, online
1389:(Clarendon Press, 1992)
1173:(1971) 17#68 pp 499-520
806:Irish Rebellion of 1798
511:Irish Rebellion of 1798
2771:List of Irish kingdoms
2056:Trinity College Dublin
2051:Grand Lodge of Ireland
1989:Irish House of Commons
1947:Bréifne Uí Raghallaigh
1749:Act of Settlement 1662
1671:Irish Confederate Wars
1646:Plantations of Ireland
1636:Reformation in Ireland
1505:O'Brien, Richard Barry
1482:"After Limerick"
1134:(1988) 7#2 pp 257-281.
896:
800:
785:Battle of Vinegar Hill
610:
426:
308:Plantations of Ireland
3878:Mass media (Republic)
3822:National coat of arms
2710:IRA Northern Campaign
1981:Parliament of Ireland
1631:Surrender and regrant
1132:Parliamentary History
965:Protestant Ascendancy
894:
881:Catholic Emancipation
783:
716:, its goals were to "
688:Cornwallis in Ireland
643:movement, founded in
632:Parliament of Ireland
604:
420:
292:Protestant Ascendancy
227:Economic history
222:British monarchs
3800:County coats of arms
3692:List of Irish people
2766:List of Irish tribes
2616:Cromwellian conquest
2602:Plantation of Ulster
2533:Ireland (since 1922)
1985:Irish House of Lords
1764:Constitution of 1782
1074:Agricultural History
736:Scots-Irish American
656:Constitution of 1782
500:monopoly of violence
491:Grattan's Parliament
467:political corruption
212:Gaelic monarchs
125:Peoples and polities
3915:in Northern Ireland
3906:in Northern Ireland
3647:Legendary creatures
3560:Traditional singing
3396:Saint Patrick's Day
3031:Republic of Ireland
2960:Tourist attractions
2945:ROI–UK border
2930:of Northern Ireland
2883:in Northern Ireland
2715:IRA Border Campaign
2690:War of Independence
2660:Second Great Famine
2645:Act of Union (1800)
2597:Flight of the Earls
2454:Lordship of Ireland
2389:Republic of Ireland
2061:Order of St Patrick
1883:Mac William Íochtar
1660:Flight of the Earls
1611:Lordship of Ireland
919:Cuirt an Mean Oiche
740:American Revolution
714:Theobald Wolfe Tone
596:Catholic Committees
487:American Revolution
372:famine of 1740–1741
165:Republic of Ireland
136:Lordship of Ireland
3952:Ireland portal
3270:Skirts and kidneys
2776:List of High Kings
2695:Anglo-Irish Treaty
2635:First Great Famine
2620:Settlement of 1652
2592:Tyrone's Rebellion
2582:Desmond Rebellions
2471:Kingdom of Ireland
2313:Ireland portal
2091:Catholic Committee
2027:Peerage of Ireland
1835:Clann Aodha Buidhe
1769:Acts of Union 1800
1641:Desmond Rebellions
1569:Kingdom of Ireland
1385:Connolly, Sean J.
1374:Braudel, Fernand.
1334:Eamon O'Flaherty,
969:Acts of Union 1800
939:Gulliver's Travels
897:
865:Acts of Union 1800
801:
611:
440:Irish nationalists
427:
423:Kingdom of Ireland
350:Economic situation
344:Acts of Union 1800
250:Ireland portal
141:Kingdom of Ireland
3959:
3958:
3937:
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3933:
3932:
3344:
3343:
3235:Bacon and cabbage
3187:
3186:
3183:
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3054:Foreign relations
2977:
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2973:
2972:
2904:Notable buildings
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2341:
2340:
2037:Church of Ireland
1899:Bréifne Uí Ruairc
1399:Curtin, Nancy J.
1344:978-0-7171-1627-0
1322:(1969): 304-320.
1121:(1988) pp 153-225
1076:(1972): 369-384.
978:Irish nationalism
923:Aogán Ó Rathaille
787:(21 June 1798) -"
702:French Revolution
586:in 1746, and the
436:Church of Ireland
399:Church of Ireland
300:Church of Ireland
284:
283:
147:United Kingdom of
18:Ireland 1691–1801
16:(Redirected from
3994:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3627:Tuatha Dé Danann
3215:
3206:
3193:
3128:Northern Ireland
3106:
3096:
3086:
2996:
2983:
2817:
2804:
2680:Home Rule crisis
2510:Northern Ireland
2423:
2410:
2397:Northern Ireland
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2207:Richard Cromwell
2203:
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2140:(1553; disputed)
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1959:
1951:
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1911:
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1548:
1539:
1521:
1515:
1501:
1494:
1484:
1471:McDowell, R. B.
1449:vol 5, 1798-1801
1434:vol 2, 1760-1789
1413:Johnson, Paul.
1346:
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1193:
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1186:(1988) pp 259-86
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1156:R. B. McDowell,
1154:
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1147:(1988) pp 226-40
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1030:George O'Brien,
1028:
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1017:Cormac O Grada,
1015:
974:Daniel O'Connell
869:Irish Parliament
641:Irish Volunteers
536:Catholic Ireland
471:George Townshend
463:Irish Parliament
276:
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262:
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169:Northern Ireland
160:Irish Free State
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3868:Historic houses
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3817:Irish Wolfhound
3788:Brighid's Cross
3774:
3745:Gaelic handball
3740:Gaelic football
3711:
3682:Hiberno-Normans
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2675:Dublin lock-out
2611:Confederate War
2562:Norman invasion
2549:Battles of Tara
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1352:Further reading
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1292:Sean D. Moore,
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858:Peep O'Day Boys
763:United Irishmen
744:United Irishmen
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668:John Fitzgibbon
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3225:List of dishes
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3141:D'Hondt method
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3102:Seanad Éireann
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2842:Extreme points
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2832:Climate change
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2650:1803 Rebellion
2647:
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2640:1798 Rebellion
2637:
2632:
2627:
2625:Williamite War
2622:
2613:
2607:1641 Rebellion
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2587:Spanish Armada
2584:
2579:
2577:Tudor conquest
2574:
2569:
2567:Bruce campaign
2564:
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2545:
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2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
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2524:
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2512:(1921–present)
2507:
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2500:Irish Republic
2497:
2496:
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2485:
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2459:800–1169
2450:Gaelic Ireland
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2137:Lady Jane Grey
2134:
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2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2081:Irish Patriots
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
1997:
1992:
1978:
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1963:
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1706:United Kingdom
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1688:
1678:
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1616:British Empire
1613:
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1528:
1524:Smyth, James.
1522:
1507:, ed. (1903).
1495:
1476:
1469:
1460:McBride, Ian.
1458:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1444:vol 4, 1796-98
1441:
1439:vol 3, 1790-96
1436:
1431:
1424:(6 vol. 1892)
1418:
1411:
1406:Foster, R. F.
1404:
1397:
1396:(Dublin, 1981)
1392:Cullen, L. M.
1390:
1383:
1372:
1362:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1327:
1311:
1305:Luke Gibbons,
1298:
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1188:
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1117:R. F. Foster,
1110:
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1009:
1007:
1004:
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997:
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987:
959:
956:
934:Jonathan Swift
927:Brian Merriman
905:Irish language
895:Jonathan Swift
888:
885:
797:William Sadler
683:
680:
672:John Beresford
618:Main article:
615:
612:
605:A portrait of
547:poetry as the
545:Irish language
519:
518:The Penal Laws
516:
444:Jonathan Swift
414:
413:Irish politics
411:
405:of the 1840s.
351:
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155:Irish Republic
152:
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131:Gaelic Ireland
127:
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3199:
3194:
3190:
3176:
3175:Peace process
3173:
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3156:
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3149:
3146:
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3125:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3105:(upper house)
3103:
3099:
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3095:(lower house)
3093:
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3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Republicanism
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
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2725:Peace process
2723:
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2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:The Emergency
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
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2686:
2685:Easter Rising
2683:
2681:
2678:
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2670:Fenian Rising
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2445:Early history
2443:
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2197:
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2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1940:
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1932:
1929:
1924:
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1796:
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1788:
1787:Tuadhmhumhain
1785:
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1727:
1725:
1724:Poynings' Law
1722:
1721:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1686:
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1594:
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1589:
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1578:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1534:, London 1986
1533:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
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1425:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1378:, vol III of
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1361:, Dublin 1998
1360:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1337:
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1315:
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1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1222:0-521-62989-6
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1143:R.F. Foster,
1140:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1104:Ian McBride,
1101:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
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1033:
1027:
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986:
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935:
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928:
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916:
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906:
902:
893:
886:
884:
882:
878:
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839:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
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786:
782:
778:
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768:
764:
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749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
698:
696:
689:
681:
679:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
637:
636:Poynings' Law
633:
628:
621:
608:
603:
599:
597:
592:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
567:
564:
560:
559:Presbyterians
556:
554:
550:
549:long briseadh
546:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
517:
515:
512:
508:
507:Privy Council
503:
501:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:Henry Grattan
480:
475:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
424:
419:
412:
410:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:Hearts of Oak
388:
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
349:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:Presbyterians
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
294:. These were
293:
289:
277:
272:
270:
265:
263:
258:
257:
255:
254:
251:
241:
240:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
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190:
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185:
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178:
177:
170:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
150:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
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122:
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114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
64:
63:
59:
55:
54:
51:
44:
39:
33:
30:
19:
3943:
3913: /
3904: /
3895: /
3873:Homelessness
3792:
3760:Road bowling
3755:Martial arts
3702:Ulster Scots
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3583:Mythological
3530:
3490:
3463:Ulster Scots
3423: /
3362:
3290:Three-in-One
3101:
3092:Dáil Éireann
3091:
3081:
3039:Constitution
2928: /
2899:Architecture
2881: /
2754:Other topics
2735:Celtic Tiger
2720:The Troubles
2618: /
2609: /
2555: /
2551: /
2480:
2452: /
2440:Protohistory
2215:Commonwealth
2214:
2190:Commonwealth
2188:
2155:
2096:Orange Order
2016:Common Pleas
2004:King's Bench
1915:Tír Chonaill
1875:Deasmhumhain
1859:Iar Connacht
1592:
1531:
1525:
1510:
1486:
1472:
1465:
1461:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1358:
1335:
1330:
1319:
1314:
1306:
1301:
1293:
1288:
1280:
1275:
1263:. Retrieved
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1231:
1212:
1206:
1197:
1191:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1165:
1157:
1152:
1144:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1113:
1108:(2009 ch 6-7
1105:
1100:
1089:
1084:
1073:
1068:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1039:
1031:
1026:
1018:
1013:
961:
944:Edmund Burke
937:
931:
918:
915:Irish poetry
908:
898:
862:
834:
802:
792:
788:
760:
756:Orange Order
732:Presbyterian
726:
721:
717:
699:
691:
676:
653:
623:
593:
568:
557:
548:
521:
504:
495:mercantilist
476:
452:
448:Edmund Burke
428:
421:Flag of the
407:
403:Great Famine
380:
353:
316:client state
287:
285:
102:
78:Protohistory
29:
3893:Place names
3770:Rugby union
3665:Anglo-Irish
3550:Instruments
3406:The Twelfth
3370:Set dancing
3170:LGBT rights
3076:LGBT rights
3006:Nationalism
2572:Black Death
2333:WikiProject
2281:(1760–1800)
2273:(1727–1760)
2265:(1714–1727)
2257:(1702–1714)
2249:(1689–1694)
2242:(1689–1702)
2239:William III
2234:(1685–1691)
2226:(1660–1685)
2218:(1659–1660)
2210:(1658–1659)
2202:(1653–1658)
2194:(1649–1653)
2184:(1625–1649)
2176:(1603–1625)
2168:(1558–1603)
2165:Elizabeth I
2160:(1554–1558)
2157:jure uxoris
2148:(1553–1558)
2132:(1547–1553)
2124:(1542–1547)
2000:Four Courts
1969:and society
1931:Fear Manach
1923:Tír Eoghain
1827:Uí Díarmata
1811:Clanricarde
1626:New English
1530:Simms, J.G
1365:Beiner, Guy
1265:6 September
1243:6 September
948:John Toland
901:Anglo-Irish
822:County Mayo
799:(1782–1839)
752:John Foster
664:John Foster
432:Anglo-Irish
425:1542 – 1801
364:West Indies
296:Anglo-Irish
47:History of
3966:Categories
3794:Cláirseach
3697:Travellers
3555:Rock music
3538:Folk music
3473:Literature
3275:Soda bread
3158:Government
3085:parliament
3082:Oireachtas
3059:Government
2999:Ideologies
2630:Penal Laws
2521:since 1922
2435:Prehistory
2278:George III
2223:Charles II
2121:Henry VIII
2114:and rulers
2041:Ascendancy
1939:Uí Catháin
1843:Magh Luirg
1819:Uí Failghe
1759:Popery Act
1754:Penal Laws
1717:Parliament
1695:Wild Geese
1685:Barbadosed
1604:and events
1518:Wikisource
1491:Wikisource
1006:References
936:author of
771:Wolfe Tone
720:" and to "
686:See also:
607:Wolfe Tone
553:absolutism
528:Jacobitism
524:Protestant
356:Royal Navy
324:penal laws
73:Prehistory
67:Chronology
3925:Squatting
3641:Fomorians
3570:Mythology
3440:Languages
3425:Halloween
3401:Bealtaine
3384:Festivals
3375:Stepdance
3280:Spice Bag
3265:Irish fry
3255:Colcannon
3230:Barmbrack
3153:Education
3111:President
3049:Education
2965:Transport
2940:Provinces
2862:Mountains
2837:Coastline
2809:Geography
2700:Civil War
2655:Tithe War
2270:George II
2181:Charles I
2129:Edward VI
2086:Defenders
2066:Jacobites
2045:Recusancy
2008:Exchequer
1955:Uí Mháine
1907:Cairbrigh
1851:Airgíalla
1795:Uí Echach
1780:conquests
1359:Rebellion
983:unionists
913:genre of
854:Defenders
850:sectarian
767:Defenders
748:Volunteer
660:loyalists
580:Whiteboys
576:rapparees
387:Rightboys
383:Whiteboys
336:Jacobites
187:Conflicts
108:1801–1923
103:1691–1800
98:1536–1691
93:1169–1536
3883:Monastic
3848:Calendar
3832:Shamrock
3827:Red Hand
3765:Rounders
3430:Wren Day
3364:Sean-nós
3316:Guinness
3260:Drisheen
3136:Assembly
3118:Taxation
3021:Unionism
2988:Politics
2921:Counties
2665:Land War
2557:Clontarf
2553:Glenmama
2427:Timeline
2323:Category
2262:George I
2231:James II
2111:Monarchs
2012:Chancery
1967:Politics
1715:Acts of
1468:) (2009)
1324:in JSTOR
1182:Foster,
1094:in JSTOR
1078:in JSTOR
989:See also
838:Dunlavin
830:Longford
695:Maynooth
662:such as
588:Papacy's
584:Culloden
572:Jacobite
479:Patriots
393:and the
202:Kingdoms
88:795–1169
38:a series
36:Part of
3853:Castles
3780:Symbols
3750:Hurling
3735:Camogie
3634:Firbolg
3620:Immrama
3613:Echtrai
3543:session
3526:Ballads
3503:Theatre
3492:Gaeilge
3486:Fiction
3421:Samhain
3336:Whiskey
3210:Cuisine
3198:Culture
3148:Economy
3044:Economy
2852:Islands
2827:Climate
2820:Natural
2415:History
2375:Ireland
2246:Mary II
2173:James I
1867:Umhaill
1602:General
1576:History
1296:(2010).
1021:(1995).
952:Donegal
910:Aisling
887:Culture
842:Carnew.
826:Leitrim
777:coast.
710:Belfast
645:Belfast
338:in the
304:Ireland
217:Judaism
197:Cuisine
83:400–795
49:Ireland
3858:Cinema
3657:People
3606:Aos Sí
3593:Ulster
3588:Fenian
3578:Cycles
3508:Triads
3498:Poetry
3481:Annals
3458:Shelta
3411:Lúnasa
3391:Imbolc
3326:Poitín
3306:Coffee
3299:Drinks
3250:Coddle
2916:Cities
2867:Rivers
2857:Loughs
2542:Events
2400:topics
2392:topics
2378:topics
2244:&
2152:Philip
2150:&
2145:Mary I
2076:Tories
2043:&
1958:(1611)
1950:(1607)
1942:(1607)
1934:(1607)
1926:(1607)
1918:(1607)
1910:(1606)
1902:(1605)
1894:(1603)
1891:Laigin
1886:(1602)
1878:(1596)
1870:(1593)
1862:(1589)
1854:(1585)
1846:(1585)
1838:(1574)
1830:(1574)
1822:(1550)
1814:(1544)
1806:(1543)
1803:Loígis
1798:(1543)
1790:(1543)
1778:Gaelic
1650:Ulster
1513:
1502:
1475:(1979)
1410:(1988)
1342:
1219:
1160:(1979)
1062:online
958:Legacy
875:, the
867:. The
846:Ulster
814:Antrim
810:Dublin
795:" –
775:Bantry
729:Ulster
563:Ulster
532:Gaelic
389:, the
385:, the
376:groats
332:Ulster
207:States
181:Topics
40:on the
3888:Names
3841:Other
3805:Flags
3717:Sport
3670:Gaels
3598:Kings
3532:Céilí
3518:Music
3453:Irish
3350:Dance
3311:Cream
3245:Champ
3240:Boxty
3163:local
3064:local
2950:Towns
2935:Ports
2892:Human
2847:Fauna
2071:Whigs
192:Clans
3707:Yola
3321:Mist
3285:Stew
3218:Food
2872:list
2254:Anne
2032:Army
2014:and
1987:and
1340:ISBN
1267:2015
1245:2015
1217:ISBN
963:the
925:and
840:and
828:and
818:Down
816:and
761:The
670:and
534:and
477:The
446:and
360:Cork
286:The
167:and
3358:Jig
3331:Tea
3071:Law
724:".
708:in
330:in
3968::
2010:,
2006:,
1485:.
1367:,
985:.
976:,
929:.
883:.
791:–
666:,
502:.
378:.
366:.
2367:e
2360:t
2353:v
2047:)
2039:(
2018:)
2002:(
1991:)
1983:(
1697:)
1693:(
1687:)
1683:(
1662:)
1658:(
1652:)
1648:(
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1520:.
1493:.
1430:;
1269:.
1247:.
1225:.
275:e
268:t
261:v
20:)
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