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site of the new proposed settlement), and over 3,500 iris plants were recorded. A coalition of
Israeli scientists and the SPNI had objected to the planned settlement of 'Michal', which would risk "total extinction" of the iris. Although, the settlement was planned for energy-efficient homes, built with recycled materials, and the use of native plants. "We want to live with nature" said software engineer Aviv Harary. Also all the iris in the way would have been be transplanted before the construction begins. In reply, Michael Avishai, scientific director of the Jerusalem Botanical Gardens said that pollinating insects would have to compete with other insects introduced by the settlement gardens and agriculture. Another scientist warned that the light, pets, gardens, and utilities from the settlement could affect an area on the mountain 10 times larger than its footprint of homes. The SPNI also worked with
952:'Oncocyclus Section' Irises are easier to grow than 'Regelia Section' irises. In general, they need good drainage, minimal summer rainfall and dry winters, similar to a semi-arid climate. In temperate areas (such as the Europe and America), they are only suitable for growing by specialist iris growers, within a bulb frame or greenhouse. They can be grown under glass (in frames), to protect the irises from excess moisture (especially during winter times) and also to ensure the (shallow planted) rhizomes get the best temperatures during the growing season. They can be grown in pots (especially in deep ones known as 'long toms'), but they need re-potting, every 2 years and extra feeding. Watering is one of the most critical aspects of iris cultivation. It can suffer from
826:
918:, was one of 60 scientists who signed an open letter against the transfer. He said "Transferring these lands to the JNF is a grave mistake". The SPNI wanted part of Mount Gilboa become a nature reserve, that it would co-manage with the JNF, but this was rejected. Dr. Omri Boneh said the Society's plan was rejected due to local councils opposition. Iris expert Dr. Yuval Sapir told a committee of scientific experts at the parks authority that "some forest ranger who doesn't know the management instructions for the area could come along and plow it up or spray it."
911:
million dunams (1.5 million acres), and the JNF has 1.2 million dunams (300,000 acres). The agreement meant that the JNF would not interfere in the declaration of nature reserves in other places in Israel. The SPNI were very concerned about the agreement, as the JNF is more interested in construction and development instead of nature protection. Also the status of forest gives less protection to the open space rather than the status of nature reserve. The SPNI had even included Mount Gilboa in its list of threatened sites.
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Law' and the 'Endangered
Species Law' includes various irises. Then in 1964, the Nature Reserves Authority (NRA) was established to enforce the act and manage the various reserves. The creation of nature reserves and wild plant protection law has saved the plant from extinction, Some of the reserves were set up specifically due to the presence of 'Oncocyclus' irises, including on Mount Gilboa. The iris can also be found in the nature reserves of
301:. It has smooth, linear or lanceolate, greyish-green leaves. Long slender stem and in Spring, (between March and April) large, fragrant flowers in shades of deep purple, violet, purple, brownish purple or dusky lilac veining or speckling over a pale ground. It has a dark purple, black-brown, to blackish signal patch, and a beard, which is variable from dark purple, white, or dark tipped yellow. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in
33:
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907:, son of the former prime minister, was in favour of the settlement. Eventually the settlement was abandoned. Later another nature reserve was created (by the government on the development site) to protect the iris and other endangered wildflowers on the mount, The cancellation of the plan, then enforced the status of the SPNI, as an environmental organisation and public representative, and now proved in law.
52:
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861:. Alon then confronted Sharon Weitz (Yosef's son and head of the northern region Forestry Department). Azariah used his radio show to put forward his arguments. Yosef agreed to a change in the tree plans, and left the upper region of Barkan Mount, unplanted. Also many of the other pine trees died due to being planted too dense. Parts of the mount, could not be re-forested due to high amounts of
3757:
979:, (the cold treatment), which can be carried out indoors or outdoors. Seedlings are generally potted on (or transplanted) when they have 3 leaves. Oncoyclus irises dislike division, but it should only be carried out when the plant is overcrowded. Although hand pollination and germinating seedlings gives better results.
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with a
Parliamentary lobby also initiated a special law for the protection of 95% of wildlife, including many threatened plants. It included the designation of 30 National Parks and 145 sites as nature reserves, which were administrated by Nature Conservation Authority. The 1964 'Species Protection
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In 2012, the mount then became the site of a new public battle between the JNF and the SPNI. In 2006, Israel Nature and Parks
Authority (INPA) agreed to pass over its forest lands (or woodlands) to the JNF, this would alter the status of many acres of land. The parks authority looks after about 6
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In 2003, an eco-friendly settlement (called 'Michal' with 120 housing units) was planned to be built on the eastern slope of the mount, it was proved by the INPA, who managed the land. Then in 2005, the 'Society for the
Protection of Nature in Israel' (SPNI) carried out a survey on the mount (the
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and pasture. Also a public education campaign. including school teaching programmes, pamphlets and posters, stopped the public picking the wild plants. It was also thought that within the nature reserves, there needed to be controlled cattle grazing to reduce plant competition from aggressive
1357:
933:). The SPNI wanted the site to be nature reserve. Also a new law was being discussed by the Israeli Agriculture Ministry to establish a forestry authority. The JNF think they are best placed to run it, but the SPNI deputy director general Nir Papai told Environmental Protection Minister
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Also the creation of the wall between Israel and
Palestine (since 2002), has also affected its habitat. Several hundred flower groups were trans-located to the Mount Barkan area of Mount Gilboa. Although, most of these plants died between 2β10 years, due to dense pine tree plantations.
1980:
Arafeh, R.M.; Sapir, Y.; Shmida, A.; Iraki, N.; Fragman, O.; Comes, H.P. (January 2002). "Patterns of genetic and phenotypic variation in Iris haynei and I. atrofusca (Iris sect. Oncocyclus = the royal irises) along an ecogeographical gradient in
Palestine and the West Bank".
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It has between 5 and 8 leaves, which are smooth, linear, or lanceolate, greyish-green. They can grow up to between 25β30 cm (10β12 in) long, and between 1 and 1.5 cm wide. They grow in the spring and then fade after the summer.
359:
In the centre of the falls, is a dark purple, black-brown, to blackish signal patch, also, in the middle of the falls, is a row of short hairs called the 'beard', which are variable, from dark purple, white, or dark tipped yellow.
341:
The fragrant flowers, are 10β12 cm (4β5 in) in diameter. They come in shades of deep purple, violet, purple, brownish purple, or dusky lilac, and are normally veined or spotted over a pale or pale pink-violet background.
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Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), and if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also, handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.
849:. Afterwards, 47,000 saplings were planted on the hillsides. But most of these plants died due to drought in 1951 and excessive rain in 1952. Weitz carried on planting trees, by 1960, he had planted 355,000 trees on 170
353:), known as the 'standards'. The oblong or ovate, (rounded,) and recurved (bent backwards) falls are 7β8 cm (3β3 in) long and 4β6 cm wide. They are more densely veined and spotted than the standards.
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883:
In 1970, a nature reserve on the mount, was created to protect the iris and other endemic wildflowers, then in 1976 and 1977, 170 plant species were counted on Mount Gilboa, including
370:
It has a 2.5 cm long perianth-tube, and after the iris has flowered, it produces an loculicidal (meaning it has chambers) seed capsule, inside the seeds have a method of delaying
411:, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. It has a chromosome count: 2n=20. It was counted in 1977 by Avishai & Zohary, then published in 1980.
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880:) with various assistants and friends, transplanted iris groups to make large groups. Also they used the 'tweezers method', to fertilize the irises.
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By
February 1966, the populations of the iris were very scattered, making reproduction via pollination very difficult, also they were attacked by
529:
975:, or by seed growing. Irises generally require a period of cold, then a period of warmth and heat, also they need some moisture. Some seeds need
3731:
Sapir, Y. et al. 2002. Morphological variation of the
Oncocyclus irises (Iris: Iridaceae) in the southern Levant Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 139:369β382.
3004:
857:(co-founder of the SPNI), who lived nearby called the foresters "barbarians". They destroyed native vegetation with fire and planted pines and
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before 1905, and then published in 'Gardeners' Chronicle' Vol.35 on page 266 in 1904, but this has been rejected by other information sources.
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that the JNFs "organizational and statutory structure are unsuitable for the structure required by a government authority managing forests."
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In 1959, all
Oncocyclus irises in Israel were listed as 'Very Rare'. Then in 1963, the Nature Reserves acts was established in Israel, the
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1961:
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2439:"The Irises still exist: The Conservation status of species Iris Section Oncocyclus in Israel, a century after their description"
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Vol.6 on page 710 in 1876. This description was based on dried samples of plants that Haynes had originally found.
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445:
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698:
607:
3582:
660:, is not an advantage for larger flowers and taller plants in attracting pollinators, over smaller plants such
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It has the common name of 'Gilboa Iris'. 'Mount Gilboa Iris'. 'Iris of Mount Gilboa', or 'Irus Ha-Gilboa'. The
4000:
2956:
3511:
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976:
972:
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733:, had collected the iris to make wreathes to decorate their rooms. It soon became very rare and endangered.
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In 1950's the iris suffered from widespread picking, by plant dealers and visitors, also locals from nearby
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460:
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1569:"Oncocyclus, Regelia and Reglio-cyclus Irises, The Plantsmen, Buckshaw Gardens, Holwell, Sherborne, Dorset"
185:
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3426:
2856:"Are pollinators the agents of selection for the extreme large size and dark color in Oncocyclus irises?"
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1248:
1185:
212:
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Although occasionally, it is claimed that the plants author is Mallet (George B. Mallett, 1955β ), (as
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3250:
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945:
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845:, built a village near the Arab towns (on the Mount) to provide a new site for Jewish emigrants from
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like many other Oncocyclus irises species, can be pollinated by night-sheltering solitary male bees (
513:
367:
form with a white-yellowish, or golden yellow flower and a dark red signal patch has been recorded.
2902:"Important Plant Areas of the south and east Mediterranean region: priority sites for conservation"
915:
41:
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The incurved (bent forwards), standards are 9β10 cm (4β4 in) long and 6β7 cm wide.
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3338:
2438:
2049:
2041:
2006:
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236:
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678:, where the large flowers does make an advantage, and has affected the evolution of flowers in
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3449:
3272:
3050:
3027:
2877:
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2323:
2153:
Transdisciplinary Challenges in Landscape Ecology and Restoration Ecology, an Anthology (2007)
1998:
1957:
1900:
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The stems hold terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming in spring, between March and April.
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2556:
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1990:
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It was also used for a postage stamp on 26 December 1978, part of a series of wild flowers.
470:, on Mount Gilboa, by Hayne in April 1872, and then it was first published and described by
284:
32:
3749:
3956:
3191:
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1198:
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by Zahava D Englard, who is also a journalist, the book is a romance set on Mount Gilboa.
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818:
811:
692:
638:. They can be found at an altitude of 150β550 m (490β1,800 ft) above sea level.
631:
294:
279:
169:
114:
1715:
Kintisch, Eli (27 May 2005). "Israeli Controversy Blossoms Over Protecting Gilboa Iris".
4023:
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2202:
3987:
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2569:
2544:
1219:
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862:
505:, but after genetic testing in 2001, it was found to be a separate but linked species.
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392:
101:
1394:
591:, and found on Mount Gilboa. Some small populations of the iris, can be found in the
564:
4053:
3930:
3076:"Two leading ecological groups feud over character of open spaces in northern Israel"
2794:"State of Palestine, Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity"
1994:
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1325:
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662:
623:
592:
580:
492:
It was also published in 'Journal of the RHS' Vol.29 Proceedings on page112 in 1905.
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127:
61:
2053:
2010:
1113:(national bird) and 5 March to be the national day for the Palestinian environment.
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3454:
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1905:
1872:
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1684:
The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011)
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1006:
996:
854:
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Before the creation of the Mount Gilboa Nature Reserve, the iris was threatened by
786:
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742:
545:
374:, for up to several years, so that they can re-produce plants following periods of
298:
273:
157:
2957:"Mediterranean Garden Society, South Australian Branch, Newsletter 62 Spring 2015"
2666:"Pollination of Oncocyclus irises (Iris: Iridaceae) by Night-Sheltering Male Bees"
1927:
1728:
1083:
between March and April to see the iris in flower, thousands can walk the trail.
2024:
Avishai, Michael; Zohary, Daniel (1977). "Chromosomes in the Oncocyclus Irises".
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904:
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408:
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137:
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3766:
3028:
The Earth in Transition: Patterns and Processes of Biotic Impoverishment (1990)
987:
Iris haynei has the following recorded cultivar names; 'Biggeri' and 'Haynei'.
789:, on the West Bank of Palestine, and parts of Israel (except on Mount Gilboa).
626:
woodlands, shrublands, and on rocky hillsides. It is found on soils containing
1106:
922:
869:
858:
1901:
All the Trees of the Forest: Israel's Woodlands from the Bible to the Present
876:. Then in the spring of 1967, a conservationist (Palti Sela, a ranger in the
610:
Separation Wall between Israel and Palestine, by being found on the northern
2772:
2560:
1285:
770:
769:), which has a typical Mediterranean climate and consists of open 'maquis' (
627:
611:
549:
497:
453:
321:. They are below the surface of the ground, they all form clumps of plants.
147:
4013:
3705:"EQA: "Gilboa Iris" endemic in our land and our national right to prove it"
2881:
2692:
2578:
2002:
1736:
3961:
3756:
3560:"Hike the Iris trail in the Gilboa Mountains β Hayne's Iris in the Gilboa"
2684:
2342:
Millennial Landscape Change in Jordan: Geoarchaeology and Cultural Ecology
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3799:
2130:
930:
750:
650:
375:
314:
3870:
2592:
2109:"Jewish National Fund Squaring Off Against Green Group Over Gilboa Iris"
1829:
3883:
3750:
Has an image of the iris from 2010, Malkishua, Gilboa mountains, Israel
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873:
730:
600:
596:
576:
572:
449:
404:
318:
3734:
Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan Flora palaestina. 1966β (F Palest)
3228:
2872:
2855:
2224:
1020:), 'Shah Azul' (crossed with Iris 'Judean Cream'), and 'Syrian Dawn'.
579:, of northeastern Israel, Palestine, and northwest Jordan within the
3909:
2180:"Botanising Israel, an epic adventure of war and wildflowers, part 2"
953:
899:) a local grassroots organization to provide opposition to the plan.
850:
424:
420:
364:
350:
349:(outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or
346:
297:, from the shrublands and mountainsides mostly in Palestine , on the
3776:
3631:"Nationalist activists send shockwaves throughout Judea and Samaria"
1026:
is the grandparent in the following crosses; 'Gethsemane', 'Shany' (
2037:
332:, that can grow up to between 40β60 cm (16β24 in) tall.
3922:
2744:"In the Gilboa Mountains, the wildflowers defy King David's curse"
1080:
963:
944:
900:
846:
824:
817:
810:
774:
721:
563:
88:
3860:
2800:
2545:"Pollinator limitation on reproductive success in Iris tuberosa"
1167:
553:
3780:
2073:"News Details : Gilboa Iris "national plant for Palestine"
1451:
A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation
448:), who was a botanist, who went with Tristram, to the ruins of
3538:"Israel Environment Bulletin Autumn 1992β5753, Vol. 15, No. 4"
2825:
Isaac, Dr. Jad; Rishmawi, Dr. Khaldoun, eds. (December 2015).
397:
3427:"Arilbred Iris (Iris 'Syrian Scroll') in the Irises Database"
2616:"Accepted scientific name: Iris haynei Baker (accepted name)"
2395:"Gilboa Forests β Springs & Valleys in the Lower Galilee"
2075:(in Arabic). environment.pna.ps. 5 April 2016. Archived from
925:
planting ceremony by JNF of oak trees in the Lower Galilee's
653:), who are attracted to the heat reward of the dark flowers.
1640:(Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 129.
305:
regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.
3361:"Arilbred Iris (Iris 'Syrian Dawn') in the Irises Database"
3005:"Saving Israel's Wildflowers: The Campaign That Bore Fruit"
1068:(also known as 'Iris nazareth') was chosen, as the logo of
459:
Although one source mistakenly, thought it was named after
3383:"Arilbred Iris (Iris 'Gethsemane') in the Irises Database"
3251:"Aril Iris (Iris 'Arabian Knight') in the Irises Database"
2832:. arji.org (Applied Research Institute β Jerusalem (ARIJ))
2827:"Status Of The Environment In The State Of Palestine 2015"
1681:
James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors)
3317:"Aril Iris (Iris 'Judean Bronze') in the Irises Database"
2225:"Sawsan Gilboa rarely shines by Palestinian Mount Gilboa"
690:
On Mount Gilboa, the iris can be found growing alongside
2900:
Radford, E.A.; Catullo, G.; Montmollin, B. de. (eds.).
2664:
Sapir, Y.; Shmida, A.; Neβeman, G. (24 January 2005).
803:
preservation project, which includes seed collection.
753:, Har Yona and Giv'at Ha-more in Lower Galilee and in
3339:"Aril Iris (Iris 'Shah Azul') in the Irises Database"
796:. It has a restricted habitat of less than 100 km2 .
386:
In 2002, a genetic analysis study was carried out on
345:
Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large
3099:"Jewish National Fund Sees the Forest for the Trees"
2519:. beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises)
792:
On 24 February 2016, it was assessed by the IUCN as
606:
But it can also cross adjacent borders, such as the
335:
The stems carry the flowers high above the foliage.
3789:
3295:"Aril Iris (Iris 'Gilmond') in the Irises Database"
1358:"Changes in the Mediterranean Vegetation of Israel"
714:, and at the edges of planted Aleppo pine forests.
495:It was thought originally to be closely related to
444:refers to William Amherst Hayne (1847β1873), (from
3273:"Aril Iris (Iris 'Galeet') in the Irises Database"
1601:
1070:The Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel
921:The feud between the two groups also includes the
536:on 4 April 2003, then updated on 1 December 2004.
3405:"Aril Iris (Iris 'Shany') in the Irises Database"
2742:Bar-Am, Aviva; Bar-Am, Shmuel (17 January 2015).
1768:. mfa.govil. 21 December 1998. pp. 1992β5753
1288:. signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America)
1177:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T13161709A18612375.en
3127:. Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel
3051:Occupy the Earth: Global Environmental Movements
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
485:(Baker) Mallet ) as it was thought to be called
3467:"Stamp catalog : Stamp βΊ Iris Haynei"
1947:
1945:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
829:Tourists coming to Mount Gilboa to see the iris
2717:"Mount Tabor Nature Reserve and National Park"
1794:"Top 10 places to see Israel's spring flowers"
738:Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel
3562:. attractions-in-israel.com. 17 February 2013
3048:Liam Leonard and Sya Buryn Kedzior (Editors)
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
1636:Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987).
1095:Ministry of Environmental Affairs (Palestine)
8:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2368:. ipni.org (International Plant Names Index)
1792:Leichman, Abigail Klein (26 February 2014).
1677:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
501:, and was once also thought to be a form of
434:name is 'Sawsan Faqqua' or 'Sawsan Gilboa'.
2854:Lavi, Renana; Sapir, Yuval (January 2015).
2538:
2536:
2534:
1975:
1973:
1921:
1919:
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1665:
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1659:
1657:
1608:. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p.
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1210:
1208:
3777:
3122:"Report No.5, Threats to open spaces 2012"
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
2315:
2313:
1631:
1629:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1157:
50:
31:
20:
3608:"Gilboa β March 7th 2013β March 9th 2013"
3489:"Iris Nazareth β A Famous Israeli Flower"
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3044:
3042:
3040:
2962:. mediterraneangardeningportugl.org. 2015
2871:
2849:
2847:
2820:
2818:
2568:
2432:
2173:
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2169:
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2165:
1930:. wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)
1430:
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1426:
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1351:
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1867:
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1787:
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1783:
1503:(in French). irisbotanique.over-blog.com
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
749:and Nahal Bet Ha'emek in Upper Galilee,
656:Unlike other plants, the floral size of
317:, with a stout rhizome, and small brown
3745:Listed as part of the 'Flora of Israel'
3728:Mathew, B. The Iris. 1981 (Iris) 50β51.
2659:
2657:
2655:
2489:United States Department of Agriculture
2480:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2324:The Fauna and Flora of Palestine (1884)
2178:Blackhall-Miles, Robbie (12 May 2014).
2067:
2065:
2063:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1832:. flora.org.il (Flora of Israel Online)
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1254:. pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014
1216:"Iris haynei Baker is an accepted name"
1133:
530:United States Department of Agriculture
3583:"Off The Beaten Track: The iris trail"
3447:David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske
3187:
3176:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2296:"From the Gilboa Iris to Mount Barkan"
2270:
2259:
2203:"Reasons to Tour Israel in the Spring"
1604:The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises
1574:. srgc.net (Scottish Rock Garden Club)
1194:
1183:
971:Irises can generally be propagated by
853:with on a 2% not surviving. Although
524:is a tentatively accepted name by the
3078:. mideasternvironment.apps01.yorku.ca
1363:. tx.technion.ac.il. pp. 259β299
243:
7:
2935:"Spring in Israel means wildflowers"
2247:"Hayne, William Amherst (1847β1873)"
1766:"Israel Environment Bulletin Autumn"
3510:Rinat, Zafrir (11 September 2006).
1928:"(SPEC) Iris haynei (Baker) Mallet"
994:crosses include; 'Arabian Knight' (
773:), with olive groves and fields of
3707:(in Arabic). wafa.ps. 6 April 2016
3120:David, Itamar Ben (January 2012).
3097:Rinat, Zafrir (15 November 2012).
2201:Lees, Stephanie (4 October 2013).
1501:"Chapter I (Part 5) Oncocyclus II"
1086:In 2012, it also inspired a book,
400:markers and phenotypic variation.
271:, is a plant species in the genus
14:
3155:Archibald, Jim (September 1999).
3074:Rinat, Zafrir (3 February 2012).
2933:Kadesh, Avigayil (6 April 2014).
1014:), 'Judean Bronze' (crossed with
878:Israel Nature and Parks Authority
4060:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
4001:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:438687-1
3765:
3755:
1995:10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01417.x
1356:Naveh, Zev; Kutiel, Pua (1990).
75:
3629:Englard, Zahava (1 June 2012).
3610:. blogspot.co.uk. 10 March 2013
3581:Yudin, Joe (22 February 2012).
2437:Cohen, O.; Avisham, M. (2000).
1101:) as the national plant of the
634:, or at the edges of fields in
3003:Rinat, Zafrir (5 April 2013).
2719:. parks.org.il. Archived from
2614:Govaerts, R. (19 April 2004).
2227:. asdapress.com. 20 April 2016
2131:"Flora and Fauna of Palestine"
1397:(in Hebrew). wildflowers.co.il
1:
3227:Waters, Tom (December 2010).
3206:"How to divide iris rhizomes"
3157:"Silken Sad Uncertain Queens"
2984:. blogspot.co.uk. 8 June 2013
2543:Pellegrino, Giuseppe (2015).
2485:Agricultural Research Service
2107:Rinat, Zafrir (25 May 2010).
1954:Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia
1729:10.1126/science.308.5726.1251
1097:had adopted 'Sawsan Gilboa' (
865:, which stopped tree growth.
778:grasses, herbs and thistles.
534:Agricultural Research Service
1448:British Iris Society (1997)
1284:Solomon, E. (3 April 2005).
1079:On Mount Gilboa, there is a
1072:in 1970, but it was in fact
3655:Englard, Zahava D. (2012).
2514:"Handbook of Garden Irises"
2365:Iridaceae Iris haynei Baker
1926:Pries, Bob (28 July 2016).
1010:), 'Gilmond' (crossed with
914:Professor Yoram Yom-Tov of
801:Jerusalem Botanical Gardens
466:It was originally found in
4081:
3661:. Gefen Publishing House.
3229:"Growing Irises from Seed"
2298:. tiuli.com. 10 March 2016
1326:"Iris haynei, Gilboa iris"
1004:), 'Galeet' (crossed with
785:In 2015, it was listed as
446:Trinity College, Cambridge
16:Species of flowering plant
3540:. mfa.gov.il. 21 Dec 1998
1600:Stebbings, Geoff (1997).
699:Euphorbia hierosolymitana
608:Israeli West Bank barrier
528:, and it was verified by
328:It has a slender stem or
242:
235:
218:
211:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1109:(as the national tree),
1036:), and 'Syrian Scroll' (
807:Mount Gilboa controversy
540:Distribution and habitat
476:The Gardeners' Chronicle
423:by ΧΧΧ¨ΧΧ‘ ΧΧΧΧΧΧ’, and in
3450:Toxicity of Houseplants
1952:Austin, Claire (2005).
1064:One source states that
461:Friedrich Gottlob Hayne
396:in Israel. To find the
3512:"Caution, Iris Ahead!"
3186:Cite journal requires
2907:. IUCN. Archived from
2269:Cite journal requires
1828:Danin, Prof. Avinoam.
1193:Cite journal requires
968:
949:
830:
822:
815:
761:. It is also found in
726:
583:region, (including on
568:
3764:at Wikimedia Commons
3685:. gefenpublishing.com
3491:. israelinsideout.com
2685:10.1055/s-2005-837709
2618:. catalogueoflife.org
2561:10.1093/aobpla/plu089
1328:. flowersinisrael.com
1324:Modzelevich, Martha.
1093:On 5 April 2016, the
983:Hybrids and cultivars
967:
948:
828:
821:
814:
725:
567:
407:, having two sets of
3208:. gardenersworld.com
2320:Henry Baker Tristram
2205:. blog.giltravel.com
2182:. fossilplants.co.uk
1537:The Bulb Book (1911)
1218:. theplantlist.org (
956:, viruses and rots.
839:Jewish National Fund
767:Important Plant Area
514:Encyclopedia of Life
3635:The Times of Israel
916:Tel Aviv University
456:(Mukawir) in 1873.
403:As most irises are
42:Conservation status
2914:on 2 December 2013
2723:on 4 February 2018
2443:Annali di Botanica
2339:Carlos E. Cordova
1875:. rareplants.co.uk
1162:Sapir, Y. (2016).
1123:Wildlife of Israel
1103:State of Palestine
969:
950:
831:
823:
816:
799:It is now part of
727:
705:Pistacia lentiscus
595:, and near to the
569:
472:John Gilbert Baker
4047:
4046:
3970:Open Tree of Life
3783:Taxon identifiers
3760:Media related to
3683:"The Gilboa Iris"
3668:978-965-229-574-3
2873:10.1111/nph.12982
2771:. plantlife.org (
2748:timesofisrael.com
2026:Botanical Gazette
1647:978-0-88192-089-5
1540:, p. 302-303, at
1111:Palestine sunbird
1105:, to go with the
1066:Iris bismarckiana
1029:Iris atropurpurea
929:(a kibbutz, near
711:Ceratonia siliqua
669:Iris atropurpurea
589:Beit Shean Valley
518:Catalogue of Life
419:It is written in
363:Although, a semi-
256:
255:
250:
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3770:Data related to
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2640:. www.rhs.org.uk
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2089:
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2086:
2084:
2079:on 27 March 2019
2069:
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2057:
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2015:
2014:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1956:. Timber Press.
1949:
1940:
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1231:
1229:
1227:
1222:). 23 March 2012
1212:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1181:
1179:
1159:
897:Mishmar Hagilboa
893:The Gilboa Guard
745:, Nahal Qedesh,
508:It is listed as
439:specific epithet
248:
224:
190:
80:
79:
59:
54:
53:
35:
21:
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3957:Observation.org
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3798:
3785:
3774:at Wikispecies
3741:
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3720:
3710:
3708:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3669:
3658:The Gilboa Iris
3654:
3653:
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3637:
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3025:G. M. Woodwell
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2860:New Phytologist
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2018:
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1799:
1797:
1796:. israel21c.org
1791:
1790:
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1454:, p. 75-76, at
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1223:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1192:
1182:
1161:
1160:
1135:
1131:
1119:
1088:The Gilboa Iris
1059:
1050:
1017:Iris auranitica
985:
962:
943:
837:, in 1950, the
809:
720:
693:Ferula communis
688:
680:I. atropurpurea
675:Iris gracilipes
644:
620:
575:to the ancient
562:
542:
427:as Ψ³ΩΨ³Ω ΩΩΩΨΉΨ©.
417:
384:
311:
299:Gilboa mountain
231:
226:
220:
207:
188:
74:
66:
55:
51:
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4037:wfo-0000783426
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3811:
3795:
3793:
3787:
3786:
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3753:
3752:
3747:
3740:
3739:External links
3737:
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3696:
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3197:
3188:|journal=
3138:
3112:
3089:
3059:
3036:
3018:
2995:
2982:"Mount Gilboa"
2973:
2948:
2925:
2887:
2866:(1): 369β377.
2843:
2814:
2785:
2760:
2734:
2705:
2679:(4): 417β424.
2651:
2629:
2606:
2584:
2530:
2510:Dykes, William
2501:
2455:
2408:
2379:
2350:
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2271:|journal=
2238:
2216:
2193:
2161:
2143:
2122:
2090:
2059:
2038:10.1086/336956
2032:(4): 502β511.
2016:
1969:
1963:978-0881927306
1962:
1941:
1909:
1886:
1843:
1807:
1779:
1750:
1723:(5726): 1251.
1692:
1653:
1646:
1638:Growing Irises
1625:
1619:978-0715305393
1618:
1585:
1545:
1534:John Weathers
1514:
1459:
1408:
1374:
1339:
1299:
1265:
1249:"Iris summary"
1233:
1220:The Plant List
1204:
1195:|journal=
1166:. dx.doi.org (
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1046:
984:
981:
977:stratification
961:
958:
942:
939:
863:kaolinite clay
808:
805:
719:
716:
687:
684:
666:, compared to
643:
640:
619:
616:
577:Samaria region
561:
558:
541:
538:
503:Iris atrofusca
416:
413:
393:Iris atrofusca
383:
380:
310:
307:
254:
253:
252:
251:
240:
239:
233:
232:
227:
216:
215:
209:
208:
204:I. haynei
201:
199:
195:
194:
183:
179:
178:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
118:
117:
112:
105:
104:
99:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
68:
67:
49:
46:
45:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4077:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4038:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3779:
3775:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3651:
3648:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3622:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3588:
3584:
3577:
3574:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3518:. haaretz.com
3517:
3513:
3506:
3503:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3469:. colnect.com
3468:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:, p. 236, at
3452:
3451:
3444:
3441:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3230:
3223:
3220:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3193:
3180:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3123:
3116:
3113:
3101:. haaretz.com
3100:
3093:
3090:
3077:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3054:, p. 150, at
3053:
3052:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3031:, p. 287, at
3030:
3029:
3022:
3019:
3007:. haaretz.com
3006:
2999:
2996:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2936:
2929:
2926:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2828:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2802:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2735:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2639:
2638:"Iris haynei"
2633:
2630:
2617:
2610:
2607:
2594:
2593:"Iris haynei"
2588:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2397:. kkl-jnf.org
2396:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:, p. 423, at
2326:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2263:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2181:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2156:, p. 148, at
2155:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2111:. haaretz.com
2110:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1904:, p. 260, at
1903:
1902:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1874:
1873:"Iris haynei"
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1831:
1830:"Iris haynei"
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1687:, p. 249, at
1686:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1396:
1395:"Gilboa Iris"
1393:White, Mike.
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1359:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1287:
1286:"Iris haynei"
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1187:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:"Iris haynei"
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1003:
999:
998:
993:
988:
982:
980:
978:
974:
966:
959:
957:
955:
947:
940:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
912:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
888:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
841:(JNF) led by
840:
836:
835:deforestation
827:
820:
813:
806:
804:
802:
797:
795:
790:
788:
783:
779:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
734:
732:
724:
717:
715:
713:
712:
707:
706:
701:
700:
695:
694:
685:
683:
681:
677:
676:
671:
670:
665:
664:
663:Iris tuberosa
659:
654:
652:
651:eucerine bees
648:
641:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:Mediterranean
617:
615:
613:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
593:Judean Desert
590:
586:
582:
581:Lower Galilee
578:
574:
566:
559:
557:
555:
551:
547:
539:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
516:, and in the
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
499:
493:
490:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
464:
463:(1763β1832).
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
440:
435:
433:
428:
426:
422:
414:
412:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
394:
389:
381:
379:
377:
373:
368:
366:
361:
357:
354:
352:
348:
343:
339:
336:
333:
331:
326:
322:
320:
316:
308:
306:
304:
300:
296:
293:
289:
286:
282:
281:
276:
275:
270:
266:
262:
261:
247:
244:
241:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
217:
214:
213:Binomial name
210:
206:
205:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
172:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:Tracheophytes
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
78:
73:
69:
63:
58:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
4065:Iris (plant)
3790:
3754:
3709:. Retrieved
3699:
3687:. Retrieved
3677:
3657:
3650:
3638:. Retrieved
3634:
3624:
3612:. Retrieved
3602:
3590:. Retrieved
3586:
3576:
3564:. Retrieved
3554:
3542:. Retrieved
3532:
3520:. Retrieved
3515:
3505:
3493:. Retrieved
3483:
3471:. Retrieved
3461:
3455:Google Books
3448:
3443:
3431:. Retrieved
3429:. garden.org
3421:
3409:. Retrieved
3407:. garden.org
3399:
3387:. Retrieved
3385:. garden.org
3377:
3365:. Retrieved
3363:. garden.org
3355:
3343:. Retrieved
3341:. garden.org
3333:
3321:. Retrieved
3319:. garden.org
3311:
3299:. Retrieved
3297:. garden.org
3289:
3277:. Retrieved
3275:. garden.org
3267:
3255:. Retrieved
3253:. garden.org
3245:
3233:. Retrieved
3222:
3210:. Retrieved
3200:
3179:cite journal
3167:. Retrieved
3163:
3129:. Retrieved
3115:
3103:. Retrieved
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3056:Google Books
3049:
3033:Google Books
3026:
3021:
3009:. Retrieved
2998:
2986:. Retrieved
2976:
2964:. Retrieved
2951:
2939:. Retrieved
2937:. mfa.gov.il
2928:
2916:. Retrieved
2909:the original
2863:
2859:
2834:. Retrieved
2805:. Retrieved
2788:
2776:. Retrieved
2763:
2751:. Retrieved
2747:
2737:
2725:. Retrieved
2721:the original
2696:. Retrieved
2676:
2672:
2642:. Retrieved
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2587:
2552:
2548:
2521:. Retrieved
2504:
2492:. Retrieved
2478:
2472:
2446:. Retrieved
2442:
2399:. Retrieved
2370:. Retrieved
2364:
2347:Google Books
2345:, p. 87, at
2340:
2335:
2329:Google Books
2322:
2300:. Retrieved
2262:cite journal
2250:. Retrieved
2241:
2229:. Retrieved
2219:
2207:. Retrieved
2196:
2184:. Retrieved
2158:Google Books
2151:
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2081:. Retrieved
2077:the original
2029:
2025:
2019:
1989:(1): 39β53.
1986:
1982:
1953:
1932:. Retrieved
1906:Google Books
1899:
1877:. Retrieved
1834:. Retrieved
1798:. Retrieved
1770:. Retrieved
1720:
1716:
1689:Google Books
1682:
1637:
1603:
1576:. Retrieved
1542:Google Books
1535:
1505:. Retrieved
1456:Google Books
1449:
1399:. Retrieved
1365:. Retrieved
1330:. Retrieved
1290:. Retrieved
1256:. Retrieved
1224:. Retrieved
1186:cite journal
1098:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1063:
1060:
1051:
1041:
1038:Iris gatesii
1037:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1012:Iris hermona
1011:
1007:Iris hermona
1005:
1001:
997:Iris gatesii
995:
991:
989:
986:
970:
951:
920:
913:
909:
896:
892:
889:
884:
882:
867:
855:Azariah Alon
832:
798:
791:
784:
780:
747:Nahal Dishon
743:Nahal Misgav
735:
728:
718:Conservation
709:
703:
697:
691:
689:
679:
673:
667:
661:
657:
655:
646:
645:
622:It grows in
621:
605:
570:
543:
521:
509:
507:
502:
496:
494:
491:
486:
482:
480:
465:
458:
441:
436:
429:
418:
402:
391:
387:
385:
369:
362:
358:
355:
344:
340:
337:
334:
327:
323:
312:
287:
278:
272:
268:
265:Faqqu'a Iris
264:
259:
258:
257:
246:Iris biggeri
245:
221:
219:
203:
202:
186:
174:
170:
158:
121:
108:
95:
24:
18:
3905:iNaturalist
3821:Iris haynei
3815:Wikispecies
3791:Iris haynei
3772:Iris haynei
3762:Iris haynei
2799:. IUCN and
2769:"Palestine"
2473:Iris haynei
1258:23 November
960:Propagation
941:Cultivation
935:Gilad Erdan
927:Beit Keshet
905:Omri Sharon
903:legislator
843:Yosef Weitz
755:Hula Valley
642:Pollination
636:terra rossa
585:Mount Tabor
432:Palestinian
409:chromosomes
372:germination
309:Description
292:rhizomatous
277:, subgenus
269:Gilboa iris
260:Iris haynei
222:Iris haynei
138:Asparagales
115:Angiosperms
25:Iris haynei
4054:Categories
3988:kew-321924
3983:Plant List
3614:22 October
3592:22 October
3566:21 October
3231:. telp.com
3212:12 October
3131:16 October
3105:17 October
3082:15 October
2988:17 October
2966:12 October
2941:15 October
2836:11 October
2807:12 October
2753:15 October
2727:10 October
2673:Plant Biol
2555:: plu089.
2549:AoB Plants
2523:1 November
1367:16 October
1129:References
1107:Olive tree
923:Tu Bishvat
870:porcupines
859:eucalyptus
794:Vulnerable
759:Ein Avazim
686:Synecology
587:), in the
487:Iris hayne
437:The Latin
290:. It is a
288:Oncocyclus
191:Oncocyclus
166:Subgenus:
57:Vulnerable
3711:6 October
3689:5 October
3640:5 October
3587:jpost.com
3473:5 October
3433:6 October
3411:6 October
3389:6 October
3367:6 October
3345:6 October
3323:6 October
3301:6 October
3279:6 October
3257:6 October
3011:6 October
2778:9 October
2773:Plantlife
2644:5 October
2622:5 October
2599:2 October
2595:. eol.org
2494:3 October
2401:6 October
2372:3 October
2302:7 October
2252:3 October
2231:6 October
2209:6 October
2186:2 October
2150:Zev Nave
2136:9 October
2115:5 October
2083:7 October
1983:Mol. Ecol
1934:2 October
1898:Alon Tal
1879:2 October
1836:2 October
1772:2 October
1745:191280673
1507:5 October
1401:6 October
1332:2 October
1292:2 October
1226:2 October
1099:I. haynei
1074:I. haynei
1042:I. haynei
1034:I. haynei
1024:I. haynei
1002:I. haynei
992:I. haynei
885:I. haynei
771:chaparral
658:I. haynei
647:I. haynei
628:limestone
612:West Bank
550:temperate
522:I. haynei
510:I. haynei
498:Iris sari
483:I. haynei
468:Palestine
454:Machaerus
388:I. haynei
303:temperate
295:perennial
198:Species:
182:Section:
148:Iridaceae
85:Kingdom:
4014:16600233
4009:Tropicos
3936:13161709
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2918:26 March
2882:25157604
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2579:25527476
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2054:84941000
2011:34650319
2003:11903903
1800:14 April
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763:Jalaboun
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632:dolomite
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532:and the
415:Taxonomy
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376:droughts
330:peduncle
315:geophyte
313:It is a
237:Synonyms
144:Family:
128:Monocots
62:IUCN 3.1
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351:tepals
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