288:
miscellaneous objects. The membership may be estimated—I am writing towards the end of the
Society's statistical year—at about 80,000, representing some 400,000 persons. The combined trade turnover of these societies during the present year will reach approximately £2,000,000, a figure the meaning of which can only be appreciated when it is remembered that the great majority of the associated farmers are in so small a way of business that in England they would hardly be classed as farmers at all.
306:, a weekly journal which publicised the work and practice of the society. In 1907, the IAOS employed eight organisers, seven men and one woman, each allocated a specific region. It relied upon this small number of staff to communicate the official views of the movement to the grassroots membership. The IAOS attracted numerous notable employees and members, including
293:
joint credit and profit of the cooperatives. While chiefly concerning itself with agricultural activity, it also aided the Irish flax industry and various other home industry societies. The society built or purchased meeting halls in many rural Irish communities to act as focal points for cooperative activity. By 1914, the society had over 100,000 members.
373:(CWS) established creameries in Ireland in competition with Irish co-operatives. The CWS, as the central wholesaling body of the British retail co-operative movement, already had economic interests in Ireland, including butter-buying agencies, and the move to set up creameries seemed a logical extension of its own business activities. Charges of
378:
feared that the longer-term effect would be a loss of control and economic dependency. Particularly worrying for Irish co-operators were indications that some farmers were prepared to take the short-term view, preferring to entrust the development of the milk-processing industry to outside interests. The CWS also had political links to the
444:
activity during the early twentieth century. The society's meeting halls provided venues for rural nationalists to meet and discuss politics, while the philosophy of self-help and unity promoted by the society appealed to many in the nationalist cause. The society had always focused on the social, as
292:
By 1908, there were 881 cooperatives in
Ireland with an annual turnover of £3.3 million. These cooperatives represented 85,939 individual members, mostly farmers. By 1910, the IAOS had organised over three hundred agricultural banks, which provided capital to farmers and acted as depositories for the
287:
By the autumn of this year (1903) considerably over eight hundred societies had been established, and the number is ever growing; of these 360 were dairy, and 140 agricultural societies, nearly 200 agricultural banks, 50 home industries societies, 40 poultry societies, while there were 40 others with
251:
The new rural enterprises were administered by a democratically elected committee upon which "the best businessmen in the community" sat, whether "landlord or tenant, Protestant or Roman
Catholic, Unionist or Nationalist". IAOS activists believed that the application of cooperative principles offered
449:
in stark contrast to the political debate. It re-framed the 'Irish
Question' as social and economic in nature and identified the condition of rural life as the integral component. Its emphasis on rural reform as the most urgent priority contrasted with the priorities of the British government, which
377:
were levelled at the
Wholesale Society by the Irish Agricultural Organisation Society. The CWS was a large and wealthy organisation which posed a serious threat to the Irish movement. It could buy up creameries and equip and run them at no expense to the local milk-producing farmers, though the IAOS
260:
in 1889, while
Plunkett was involved in setting up the second in Ballyhahill in 1891. The IAOS sought to provide an overarching organisational structure for these small cooperatives, providing farming advice, business expertise and financial assistance when necessary. The policies of the IAOS were
246:
Our message to Irish farmers was that they must imitate the methods of their
Continental competitors, who were defeating them in their own markets simply by superior organisation. After five years of individual propagandism, the Irish Agricultural Organisation Society was formed in 1894 to meet the
269:
The IAOS was dependent on the subscription fees of its member cooperatives and donations from philanthropic individuals. It quickly gained support across
Ireland, and the number of cooperative organisations flourished. The Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction (DATI), a government
369:, which had helped to finance some of the early propagandising in Ireland. Some members felt that Plunkett and his followers were neglecting consumer cooperation. Relations between British and Irish co-operators remained strained, reaching breaking point in 1895 when the Manchester-based
223:
home provided an early venue for meetings. Plunkett and the other founders were motivated by a desire to "regenerate" Irish farmers materially and morally. Plunkett had witnessed at first-hand the success of agricultural cooperatives in the
255:
The agricultural cooperative was a relatively new idea to
Ireland, but by 1894 there were already numerous examples of cooperatives operating, especially in south-west Ireland. The first creamery co-op had been established in
228:, and desired to establish a more productive business-like approach to farming in Ireland, taking account of Scandinavian models of co-operation. In addition, he saw co-operativism as an answer to the growing conflict between
470:, regularly used meetings of the local IAOS to promote nationalist politics. Nationalist leaders were keen to make the connection between the IAOS's mission of "saving Irish country life" and the goals of Irish nationalism.
445:
well as the economic, benefits of cooperative principles, and as such IAOS associations came to indirectly mould notions of Irish nationhood and identity. The co-operative movement offered a unique analysis of the
423:
was the only way to keep
Ireland united, which was one of the main motivations behind the founding of the IAOS. As such, the leadership of the IAOS was closely involved in the political activities of the
909:
216:
117:
349:, trace their roots to the cooperative farming activity initiated and supported by the Irish Agricultural Organisation Society. Today, the society continues as the
432:, but also believed that the Irish should organise themselves to take control of their domestic policy, a principle very much inline with the IAOS's beliefs.
247:
demand for instruction as to the formation and the working of cooperative societies, a demand to which it was beyond the means of the few pioneers to respond.
87:
300:, 84 Merrion Square, for Plunkett, and this became the headquarters of the IAOS, being named 'The Plunkett House'. It also housed the headquarters of the
904:
261:
guided by a committee of twenty-four members, one-half of whom were elected by individual subscribers and the other half by the affiliated societies.
894:
484:
350:
188:
69:
761:
404:
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was largely concerned with constitutional affairs. The rural communities which formed the basis of IAOS membership were also where the
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914:
271:
634:
370:
353:, which serves and promotes commercial co-operative businesses and enterprise across multiple sections of the Irish economy.
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207:
politician with a keen interest in agriculture and rural affairs. He had established a cooperative on his family estate at
459:
327:
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173:
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department also founded by Plunkett, in 1899, provided assistance to the movement until the DATI was taken over
420:
233:
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39:
454:
took hold earliest. In 1902, the then-President of the IAOS, Lord Monteagle, stated in his annual report that
621:, ed. by Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction (Dublin: Brown and Nolan, Limited, 1902), 232.
323:
307:
408:
366:
311:
129:
211:
as early as 1878. Other key figures involved in setting up the IAOS included Plunkett's personal friends
425:
252:
a solution to problems of rural life and addressed social anxieties prevalent in the Irish countryside.
220:
17:
758:
429:
43:
654:, 'Why agricultural organisation was necessary in Ireland' (Cornell University Library, 1910), 2-3.
569:, 'Why agricultural organisation was necessary in Ireland' (Cornell University Library, 1910), 2-3.
400:
192:
112:
709:, 'Why agricultural organisation was necessary in Ireland' (Cornell University Library, 1910), 11.
525:
Kennelly, James (2011). "Normal Courage: Robert A. Anderson and the Irish Co-operative Movement".
203:
The Irish Agricultural Organisation Society (IAOS) was founded in 1894 by Sir Horace Plunkett, an
735:, 'Why agricultural organisation was necessary in Ireland' (Cornell University Library, 1910), 9.
722:, 'Why agricultural organisation was necessary in Ireland' (Cornell University Library, 1910), 7.
534:
455:
379:
386:, while the IAOS was concerned with protecting Irish farmers against the effects of free trade.
315:
441:
184:
757:
University College Dublin archive, Letter from Sir Horace Plunkett (1854–1932) (IE UCDA P27)
850:
Ireland and the Federal Solution: The Debate over the United Kingdom Constitution, 1870-1920
467:
319:
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was formed in 1910. In 1935, the Society of the United Irishwomen changed its name to the
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412:
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257:
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activity from the early 20th century. It was later reorganised, and renamed as the
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399:
The founders of the Irish Agricultural Organisation Society were largely moderate
415:. Together with other members of the society, such as George William Russell and
803:
416:
374:
346:
204:
383:
277:
The success of the movement was outlined as follows by Plunkett in his book
664:
538:
503:
278:
237:
342:
161:
100:
696:, Volume I, 'Narrative' (McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 7 Sep 1994), 42.
595:, Volume I, 'Narrative' (McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 7 Sep 1994), 42.
582:, Volume I, 'Narrative' (McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 7 Sep 1994), 41.
338:
297:
81:
179:
Although officially apolitical, the IAOS became associated with the
759:
http://www.ucd.ie/archives/html/collections/plunkett-sirhorace.html
403:
with landholdings in Ireland. Plunkett sat as a Unionist MP in the
876:
Grand Opportunity: The Gaelic Revival and Irish Society, 1893-1910
863:
Grand Opportunity: The Gaelic Revival and Irish Society, 1893-1910
606:
Grand Opportunity: The Gaelic Revival and Irish Society, 1893-1910
176:
and laid the foundations of the successful Irish dairy industry.
168:, including mutual credit facilities. From its establishment by
462:
events were increasingly taking place in cooperative halls. In
296:
In 1908 donors to the society bought a large house in central
824:
The Irish Co-operative Movement, its History and Development
365:
to the promotion of creameries, leading to conflict with the
236:
rural communities. As Plunkett recalled in his 1908 pamphlet
837:
Co-operative Bibliography, with Special Reference to Ireland
142:
Farming advice, business expertise and financial assistance
617:
R A Anderson, 'Agricultural Co-operation in Ireland', in
337:
Several of the largest businesses in Ireland, including
172:
in 1894, it quickly became an important element of the
326:. With the advice and financial support of IAOS, the
419:, Plunkett and Lord Monteagle came to believe that
146:
138:
106:
94:
75:
65:
57:
49:
35:
217:Thomas Spring Rice, 2nd Baron Monteagle of Brandon
802:Irish Co-operative Organisation Society website,
630:Irish Co-operative Organisation Society website,
852:(McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Jan 1989), 231.
632:http://www.icos.ie/history/sir-horace-plunkett/
189:Irish Co-operative Organisation Society Limited
804:http://www.icos.ie/history/a-proud-tradition/
428:. This political group sought to prevent the
8:
30:
910:Agricultural organisations based in Ireland
239:The Rural Life Problem of the United States
88:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
694:Conor: A Biography of Conor Cruise O'Brien
593:Conor: A Biography of Conor Cruise O'Brien
580:Conor: A Biography of Conor Cruise O'Brien
553:"Tribute to pioneer of the Co-Op movement"
160:(IAOS) was an agricultural association in
29:
164:which advocated, and helped to organise,
778:Three Hundred Years of Irish Periodicals
878:(Syracuse University Press, 2008), 152.
865:(Syracuse University Press, 2008), 152.
608:(Syracuse University Press, 2008), 152.
496:
485:Irish Co-operative Organisation Society
351:Irish Co-operative Organisation Society
191:, a body which continues to operate in
158:Irish Agricultural Organisation Society
70:Irish Co-operative Organisation Society
31:Irish Agricultural Organisation Society
18:Irish Agricultural Co-operative Society
776:Barbara Hayley and Enda McKay (ed.),
407:while Lord Monteagle was initially a
27:Cooperative promoter, credit provider
7:
780:, Dublin : Lilliput Press, 1987
619:Ireland: Industrial and Agricultural
527:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review
382:through their joint commitment to
357:Conflict with the British movement
25:
905:History of agriculture in Ireland
361:The IAOS advocated the move from
332:Irish Countrywomen's Association
127:Robert A. Anderson (Secretary)
748:(London: S. Paul, 1915), p.366.
675:from the original on 2018-10-24
322:and Francis O'Brien, father of
272:Sir Thomas Russell, 1st Baronet
134:PJ Hannon (Assistant Secretary)
895:1894 establishments in Ireland
371:Co-operative Wholesale Society
1:
466:, Lord Monteagle's daughter,
813:(Accessed 28 September 2014)
641:(Accessed 28 September 2014)
460:Irish Republican Brotherhood
328:Society of United Irishwomen
931:
667:Ireland in the New Century
505:Ireland in the New Century
440:The IAOS became linked to
367:British Co-operative Union
280:Ireland in the New Century
166:agricultural cooperativism
53:Agriculture, home industry
900:Agricultural cooperatives
226:United States of America
181:Irish Home Rule movement
40:Agricultural cooperative
915:Cooperatives in Ireland
692:Donald Harman Akenson,
591:Donald Harman Akenson,
578:Donald Harman Akenson,
308:Thomas Westropp Bennett
312:George William Russell
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249:
132:(Assistant Secretary)
130:George William Russell
426:Irish Dominion League
395:Irish Dominion League
363:consumer co-operation
285:
244:
221:Mount Trenchard House
874:Timothy G. McMahon,
861:Timothy G. McMahon,
733:The Work of the IOAS
720:The Work of the IOAS
707:The Work of the IOAS
652:The Work of the IOAS
604:Timothy G. McMahon,
567:The Work of the IOAS
430:partition of Ireland
324:Conor Cruise O'Brien
150:Over 100,000 in 1914
44:Producer cooperative
791:Annual Report, 1907
746:Ireland: Vital Hour
480:Sir Horace Plunkett
170:Sir Horace Plunkett
113:Sir Horace Plunkett
80:84 Merrion Square,
32:
809:2014-12-09 at the
764:2015-03-12 at the
637:2014-12-05 at the
511:2018-10-24 at the
456:Conradh na Gaeilge
839:(Coleraine 1979)
442:Irish nationalist
436:Irish nationalism
185:Irish nationalist
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125:(Vice-President)
16:(Redirected from
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533:(399): 319–330.
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468:Mary Spring Rice
409:Liberal Unionist
405:House of Commons
320:Henry A. Wallace
213:Thomas A. Finlay
123:Thomas A. Finlay
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76:Headquarters
36:Company type
822:P. Bolger,
417:W. B. Yeats
375:imperialism
347:Kerry Group
205:Anglo-Irish
120:(President)
96:Area served
889:Categories
679:2014-11-29
491:References
384:free trade
234:Protestant
199:Foundation
108:Key people
515:, Chapt.7
421:Home Rule
401:unionists
115:(Founder)
66:Successor
807:Archived
762:Archived
673:Archived
635:Archived
539:23059676
509:Archived
474:See also
314:("AE"),
265:Activity
219:, whose
139:Services
50:Industry
793:, p.15
343:Glanbia
334:(ICA).
209:Dunsany
193:Ireland
162:Ireland
147:Members
101:Ireland
58:Founded
789:IAOS,
537:
339:Aryzta
298:Dublin
82:Dublin
535:JSTOR
345:and
232:and
215:and
183:and
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