750:
452:
967:. The campaign group has proposed the project be initially run on a toll basis, but that it would have paid for itself after eighteen years. In 2017 Abel Connections Ltd released their plans for the project, "to create a new north-south axis through the centre of the Solent region by constructing a tunnel from the M27 east of junction 9 to the Whippingham roundabout on the Isle of Wight, with an additional access intersection 'cut and cover' portal near the mainland coast between Browndown and Meon."
113:, and so would require an expensive cleanup operation. Ronnie Hunter, former chairman of the Institute of Civil Engineers Scotland, suggested that the project was a "stretch but doable". He cited the lack of "soft rock, the chalk and sandstone" as a challenge compared to the construction of the Channel Tunnel. He also suggested that the change in rail gauge between Ireland and Great Britain might pose further concerns. Such a project was considered by railway engineer
1002:
60:
1466:
670:, as required by its contract for the original tunnel. The project would have involved the construction of the longest road tunnel in the world, containing two 29 miles (46 km) long carriageways, one on top of the other, which would have allowed motorists to complete the journey in about 30 minutes.
72:
This route, a distance of 21 miles (34 km), has been proposed variously as either a tunnel or a bridge. A 2010 report by the Centre for Cross Border
Studies estimated building a bridge between Galloway and Ulster would cost just under £20.5 billion. The proposal would see passengers board trains
929:
and the Sound of Barra as a starting point. Ian
Fordham, chairman of Outer Hebrides Tourism, suggested that the scheme would alleviate the pressure on the ferries that operate across the Outer Hebrides. Plans for a 15-mile (24 km) tunnel between North Uist and Skye, thereby connecting the Outer
711:
were considering the feasibility of building a 14-mile (23 km) long tunnel to connect the island with Lower
Normandy in France; the tunnel would be a concrete tube sunk in the seabed and then covered over. Talks between Jersey politicians and their French counterparts would be held in September
551:
The Hendy Review published in
November 2021 which looked into the proposals claimed that the cost of the fixed link, in either a bridge or tunnel form, was "impossible to justify" in this area given the sea depth, Beaufort's Dyke, and though noted "the economic viability of the provision of such a
271:
said a tunnel under the Irish Sea had been discussed "for some time back". In 1890, engineer Luke
Livingston Macassey outlined a Stranraer–Belfast link by tunnel, submerged "tubular bridge", or solid causeway. In 1897 a British firm applied for £15,000 towards the cost of carrying out borings and
953:
has been proposed a number of times, often due to the high cost of ferries to and from the island. The Isle of Wight Party—a political party active only in the Isle of Wight—was set up with the intention of campaigning for a fixed crossing. Critics have suggested that such a link may damage the
796:
rolling stock. In
January 2020, the Guernsey Jersey link was reported by the local media to cost 2.6bln. Transit speed and convenience was cited as a major factor to stimulate greater social cohesion between the islands and the financial viability of the project. Low interest rates and the
276:
to see if a tunnel between
Ireland and Scotland was viable. The link would have been of immense commercial benefit, was significant strategically and would have meant faster transatlantic travel from the United Kingdom, via Galway and other ports in Ireland. When
665:
in Japan is both longer overall at 33.46 miles (53.85 km) and deeper at 240 metres (790 ft) below sea level. The speed limit for trains in the tunnel is 100 mph (160 km/h). A second
English Channel tunnel with a road was proposed in 2000 by
938:
MP, chair of the
Commons International Trade Committee, voiced his support for the project, and also for a proposed bridge between the Sound of Kerrera off Oban and between Mull and the mainland to ensure the Inner Hebrides were also
763:
The C3M tunnel was proposed by the outgoing president of the
Guernsey Chamber of Commerce, Martyn Dorey in 2018 Support was obtained from the Chief Ministers of both islands in July 2019 to explore a pre feasibility study with
610:, the water in this area is shallower, and there are less obstructions (such as Beaufort's Dyke). The tunnel would be 50 miles in length (approximately twice the length of the Channel Tunnel and around 20 miles longer than the
958:
population. Campaign group Pro-Link has put forward a number of plans to the Isle of Wight Infrastructure Task Force of the Isle of Wight council, including a £1.2 billion 4-mile (6.4 km) dual-carriageway tunnel between
797:
completion of proportionately similar (by GDP/per capita) projects in the Faroe Islands between Streymoy and Eysturoy in December 2020 have led to renewed calls to develop the idea to a full feasibility study in 2021.
652:
operates between Great Britain and France. It is a 31.35 miles (50.45 km) rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent, in the United Kingdom, with Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais, near Calais in northern France, beneath the
633:
Given that this rail link would connect the Republic of Ireland to mainland Europe via the UK, eliminating some of the need for rail and ferry crossings, it has received support from some commentators in Ireland.
864:
In 2014 a consultation was undertaken by Orkney Islands Council, with a view to considering a series of fixed links involving seven of the Orkney islands. This would include a bridge between the isles of
712:
2009 to ascertain whether it would be of mutual benefit. The proposition included a road and rail link. The plans were not developed, and the then Assistant Minister for Planning and Environment Deputy
109:
sea trench which is approximately 1,000 feet (300 m) deep, this route would be deeper than the southern routes between Wales and Ireland. The sea trench was also used for dumping munitions after
383:
Symonds revived the plan in 2000, with an £8 million feasibility study and a £14 billion construction cost estimate. In 2005, the Irish Minister for Transport said he had not studied
603:
extension, the rail line would be able to connect up with the rest of the UK's High-Speed rail network. On the Irish side the train would terminate in a new purpose-built station in Dublin.
1213:
484:
2758:
2738:
1264:
768:. The initial study concluded that the project looked like it may be feasible, both technically and financially, and several route options were explored by Stephen Whitham from
422:; the estimated £20 billion cost of the 25 miles (40 km) project would make it among the biggest infrastructure projects in UK history. The link was proposed by Wilson and
749:
661:. At its lowest point, it is 75 m (250 ft) deep. At 23.5 miles (37.9 km), the tunnel has the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world, although the
491:
had proposed a bridge. He suggested that this would create a 'Celtic powerhouse' due to the potential for an increase in trade between the two countries, and the increase in
2194:
117:
in the 1890s as "a rail link using either a tunnel, a submerged "tubular bridge" or a solid causeway". The north channel crossing was the subject of a 2020 study by the
2648:
2319:
2241:
2743:
2047:
1895:
1785:
1188:
2753:
2073:
2748:
2220:
402:
projects. The party made a feasibility study into a tunnel or enclosed bridge a precondition to coalition support in the event of a hung parliament in the
2133:
495:
of the project which he put at between £15 billion and £20 billion (a fraction of the £120 billion cost of the proposed bridge over the English Channel).
329:
2607:
1297:
1914:
1760:
1340:
1163:
528:
It was also reported in February 2021 that a proposal was considered by the government relating to an underground roundabout to be built under the
2516:
579:
The proposed tunnel would be a rail tunnel designed to work in much the same way as the Channel Tunnel, with (on the UK side) a main terminus in
772:, which included a shared airport between the islands on reclaimed land. The proposed Phase I route was a single bore rail tunnel direct from
1869:
552:
link is not within the scope of study", recommended that it would regardless take too long to recoup the costs to justify further research.
522:
2106:
1988:
403:
193:. This route would be approximately twice the distance of the English Channel Tunnel at 45 miles (72 km). A new container port on the
861:
and the Scottish mainland (about 9 to 10 miles (14 to 16 km)) was publicly discussed especially around 2005, but also at other times.
2402:
2169:
843:
joke, the bridge was included in an engineering text book called the "Handbook of International Bridge Engineering" in its 2017 edition.
178:
2627:
2582:
2549:
1734:
1708:
1406:
479:
in Northern Ireland, stating that "the coastline between each country is more sheltered and the waterway better protected" than the
310:
622:
is not electrified or suitable for high-speed rail. Depending on the route additional crossings may need to be considered over the
305:
as "hardly practicable in the present circumstances". In 1918, Stewart proposed that German prisoners of war might dig the tunnel;
2653:
2612:
618:
in Norway reaches 292m below sea level). Rail upgrades or a new line would be needed along the north Welsh coast, as the current
390:
The proposal of building a bridge between Northern Ireland and Scotland is supported by members of several UK political parties.
356:
2022:
105:. Some political parties in Northern Ireland have included the bridge in their manifesto for some time. However, because of the
904:
would suffer a "slow and painful death" if talks were not held on building a tunnel or fixed link to replace the ferry service.
506:
364:
2530:
1565:
1478:
878:
707:. In July 2009, it was revealed by then States Assistant Minister for Planning and Environment, Deputy Rob Duhamel, that the
592:
352:
2293:
451:
2713:
2502:
1644:
1624:
298:
273:
1686:
433:
The idea has been further endorsed as a potential solution to boost the economies of Scotland and Northern Ireland after
2763:
2488:
1118:
930:
Hebrides to the Mainland, had also been mooted. In June 2019 a delegation headed up by the Western Isles MP went to the
717:
934:
to assess its tunnel and bridge-link system to see how the infrastructure could be translated to the Hebrides. In 2019
1967:
1596:
1506:
387:, published in September 2004 by the Irish Academy of Engineering, a report which included a Wexford–Pembroke tunnel.
341:
2467:
1534:
1067:
584:
427:
368:
317:
263:
Between 1886 and 1900, proposals for a link to Scotland were "seriously explored by engineers, industrialists, and
30:
There are a number of proposed fixed connections—road or rail, bridge or tunnel—designed to connect the islands of
2442:
407:
391:
244:
As part of the unionist movement, various roads were built across Great Britain heading towards Ireland; In 1803
1839:
145:
and over the landslip-prone Rest and Be Thankful mountain pass, or two further new sea crossings via either the
1579:
1123:
596:
521:
munitions dump as reasons for favouring a tunnel over a bridge. This proposal also received the support of the
406:, and again reiterated the potential for a sea bridge in January 2018. In January 2018, leading figures in the
230:
114:
2691:
463:
The idea for a Scotland to Northern Ireland Bridge, sometimes branded in the press as the Celtic Crossing or
1062:
468:
253:
2569:
1052:
1015:
619:
600:
166:
820:
18 mile bridge be built from Scotland to the Isle of Man. This was in addition to his suggestion for a
419:
2369:
1896:"Government officials begin work on Boris Johnson's plan for a Scotland-NI bridge, Number 10 confirms"
359:, said his department estimated an Irish Sea tunnel would cost more than twice as much as the English
498:
By 2020, the British government had begun to officially undertake scoping into the possibility of an
278:
1448:
1239:
1142:
2048:"'Boris's burrow': Tunnel linking Scotland and N Ireland backed by Scottish secretary Alister Jack"
1810:
921:
In 2018 the Western Isles Council began plans to build a series of bridges and tunnels between the
793:
758:
492:
363:
and generate less than one-fifth of the revenue, thus being economically unviable. In 1997–98, the
333:
325:
90:
1657:
1377:
989:
joke page suggesting that there was a secret plan to connect the Isles of Scilly to the mainland.
525:
industry group. In September 2021, it was announced that the entire proposal has been abandoned.
337:
39:
518:
106:
2344:
1939:
2225:
2143:
2081:
1996:
1402:
1396:
1272:
1037:
456:
226:
2420:
2383:
1840:"Scotland to Northern Ireland bridge could be built between Larne and Dumfries and Galloway"
1082:
1057:
1032:
1007:
821:
792:. The study explored the achievability of a journey time of a little over 15 minutes using
708:
623:
607:
499:
464:
446:
190:
1357:
169:
immediately to the south of the route would keep the sea depth less than 300 feet (100 m).
1583:
1001:
986:
978:
926:
911:
have been mooted at numerous times throughout history with varying degrees of seriousness.
744:
658:
654:
480:
345:
294:
264:
245:
209:
194:
43:
1103:
1098:
1027:
922:
785:
781:
777:
740:
732:
704:
649:
615:
423:
395:
360:
282:
257:
118:
2732:
1108:
1077:
1042:
982:
950:
935:
931:
854:
773:
681:
662:
630:
may also be required in the middle of the tunnel to aid with ventilation and access.
611:
488:
415:
372:
302:
249:
146:
134:
35:
831:
ran an article suggesting the construction of a 75-mile (121 km) bridge to the
197:
linking a freight line to Europe is included. This report also includes ideas for a
2632:
1786:"Building bridges - literally: Unionists plan for link between Scotland and Ulster"
1189:"Building bridges - literally: Unionists plan for link between Scotland and Ulster"
1113:
955:
894:
874:
561:
399:
321:
110:
2345:"Whatever happened to... a gigantic underwater tunnel linking Ireland and the UK?"
2320:"Wales to Ireland tunnel 'more attractive' than Scotland to Northern Ireland link"
2242:"Wales to Ireland tunnel 'more attractive' than Scotland to Northern Ireland link"
802:
Other proposed fixed sea links within or to the British Isles and associated areas
1090:
1072:
1047:
960:
840:
832:
813:
713:
529:
472:
206:
59:
17:
2714:"Secret Boris bridge plan to extend the A30 from Land's End to Scilly revealed"
2669:
2195:"Cost of £335bn bridge from NI to Scotland not justifiable, UK government says"
1326:
2534:
997:
667:
573:
102:
2266:
2147:
2134:"Tunnel vision: now PM sets his sights on a roundabout under the Isle of Man"
2085:
2000:
1369:
1276:
2138:
908:
882:
836:
789:
736:
627:
580:
541:
533:
510:
306:
186:
165:
in Anglesey, Wales) would be about 50 miles (81 km) long. Avoiding the
142:
78:
1968:"Irish Sea bridge: Scoping work begins on Boris Johnson's 'ambitious' idea"
1265:"Study backs bridge-tunnel structure between Northern Ireland and Scotland"
225:
The failure of the Union Bill 1799 (which succeeded, the next year, as the
42:, as well as to build other connections amongst the smaller islands in the
2692:"Latest Isle Of Wight 'Fixed-Link' Plan Is Revealed - Isle Of Wight Radio"
441:
Late 2010s "Celtic Crossing" and Stranraer–Larne Sea Tunnel proposal
2550:"Fictional Liverpool-Isle of Man bridge included in engineering textbook"
2221:"UK government idea for tunnel between Wales and Dublin 'best to ignore'"
1972:
1944:
724:
588:
565:
234:
162:
138:
94:
1940:"Top architect insists Scotland - Northern Ireland bridge 'is feasible'"
1398:
The Scots in Victorian and Edwardian Belfast: A Study in Elite Migration
1381:
1298:"Scotland - Northern Ireland bridge: Boris Johnson to revive £20bn plan"
723:
The current Connect 3 Million (C3M) tunnel is a proposed tunnel between
285:
said "the financial aspects ... are not of a very promising character".
129:
This is the shortest sea route at around 12 miles (20 km), between
1629:
1601:
1511:
1483:
964:
901:
886:
870:
769:
765:
537:
198:
130:
82:
74:
31:
1915:"New images of bridge to link Scotland with Northern Ireland released"
367:
refused to fund a feasibility study requested by the engineering firm
2517:"renewed calls for channel island tunnel after faroe islands success"
2023:"Tunnel linking Scotland and Northern Ireland set to get green light"
890:
858:
754:
728:
700:
569:
434:
202:
98:
86:
606:
Although the tunnel would be longer than the length of the proposed
517:, citing the weather impact on bridge opening and the need to avoid
1989:"'Boris's Burrow tunnel' to Northern Ireland could get green light"
1870:"Bridge from Scotland to Ireland could create 'Celtic powerhouse'"
977:
Although bridges connecting some of the individual islands of the
824:. He suggested that it would help open up the Isle of Man economy.
748:
545:
514:
476:
450:
411:
238:
150:
58:
2170:"Boris Johnson 'wants to build roundabout under the Isle of Man'"
509:
announced his support for a 25-mile (40 km) sea tunnel from
2403:"No 10 unenthusiastic about Boris Johnson's Channel bridge plan"
2294:"50-mile tunnel from Holyhead to Dublin backed by UK Government"
866:
753:
13 tunnel concepts between the four Main Channel Islands and/or
735:
with the intention of developing a commuting population between
229:) prompted a satirical description of a proposal by "architect"
2074:"Rail bosses plan to build Northern Ireland to Scotland tunnel"
1811:"Election 2015: DUP votes 'may be vital' in forming government"
689:
Proposed fixed sea links between the Channel Islands and France
1761:"Could a bridge or tunnel one day link Scotland with Ireland?"
1341:"Could a bridge or tunnel one day link Scotland with Ireland?"
1164:"Could a bridge or tunnel one day link Scotland with Ireland?"
900:
In 2019 a Shetland Island councilor warned that the island of
684:, who was then foreign secretary. It received limited support.
2107:"Boris Johnson's Scotland-Northern Ireland tunnel plans axed"
2649:"Tunnel and bridge plan to link Western Isles moves forward"
2267:"A bridge across the Irish Sea and four other amazing plans"
1327:"A bridge across the Irish Sea and four other amazing plans"
1214:"Free Marine Navigation Nautical Charts & Fishing Maps"
981:
have been suggested at various points through history, the
281:
asked in the Commons in 1897 about a North Channel tunnel,
2608:"MP calls for subsea tunnels to connect the Western Isles"
50:
Proposed fixed sea links between Great Britain and Ireland
699:
The Channel Islands Tunnel was a proposed tunnel between
638:
Proposed fixed sea links between Great Britain and France
252:; this was rejected by Parliament in 1810 in favour of a
2628:"Outer Hebrides could be linked together by bridge plan"
2601:
2599:
1465:"Tunnel Under the Sea", The Washington Post, 2 May 1897
1370:"Plans for a Bridge from Holy-Head to the Hill of Howth"
471:. He proposed a combined road and rail crossing between
320:
debated a North Channel Tunnel on 25 May 1954. In 1956
1449:"Scotland-Ireland undersea rail link plan 'a surprise'"
1240:"Scotland-Ireland undersea rail link plan 'a surprise'"
680:
An English Channel road bridge was proposed in 2018 by
614:) and the depth would only need to be around 100m (the
467:, was revived in 2018, by Professor Alan Dunlop at the
212:, and for a new freight line from Rosslare to Shannon.
137:, but would include either the three hour drive on the
2583:"Orkney bridge plan may end world's shortest flight"
2468:"Un projet de tunnel pour relier Jersey à la Manche"
879:
currently the shortest scheduled flight in the world
2670:"Could these five projects improve life in the UK?"
1401:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 128, fn.39.
1359:, The Irish Academy of Engineers, 21 December 2004.
839:. Despite the proposal being nothing more than an
185:imagines a tunnel to be built between the ports of
2401:Mason, Rowena; Grierson, Jamie (19 January 2018).
1643:(Link has incorrect question; correct question is
1437:. Howard MacGarvey & Sons: 197. 15 July 1885.
1109:Morecambe Bay § Bridge and tidal barrage proposal
560:In May 2021 the then British Transport Secretary
27:Proposed Ireland-Great Britain tunnels or bridges
1487:. 22 March 1897. pp. HC Deb vol 47 cc1125–6
716:who had suggested the idea lost his seat in the
336:for a tunnel across the North Channel. In 1980,
2503:"tunnel-to-jersey-to-cost-26bn-and-take-decade"
1863:
1861:
1633:. 4 February 1980. pp. HC Deb vol 978 c85W
1515:. 23 February 1915. pp. HC Deb vol 70 c168
1183:
1181:
954:ecology of the Isle of Wight, particularly the
2292:David, Corrie; Williams, Kelly (24 May 2021).
1681:
1679:
907:Bridges connecting Orkney to Shetland via the
822:bridge connecting Northern Ireland to Scotland
816:, of the University of Liverpool, suggested a
2739:Proposed transport infrastructure in Scotland
1093:within the British Isles and associated areas
410:revived calls for a bridge or tunnel between
8:
2531:"Architect proposes IoM-Scotland road-link"
1664:. 16 November 1988. pp. Vol. 384 No. 3
1158:
1156:
556:2020s Holyhead–Dublin tunnel proposal
2384:"Tunnel chiefs unveil road link to France"
2372:. Getlinkgroup.com. Accessed 24 June 2018.
1320:
1318:
248:started building earthworks for a road to
2759:Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border
1834:
1832:
1605:. 23 March 1956. HC Deb vol 550 cc1641–88
1114:River Ribble § Estuary crossing proposals
925:. The plans proposed bridges between the
897:, but not a tunnel to Scotland this time.
426:, a former minister for the party in the
256:, which was authorised in 1815, built by
38:, connect the island of Great Britain to
2489:"jersey-guernsey-france tunnel proposed"
1354:A Vision of Transport in Ireland in 2050
564:discussed the case for a tunnel between
385:A Vision of Transport in Ireland in 2050
313:on Transport could consider the matter.
1134:
877:, to alleviate the need for air travel—
344:involvement in a North Channel tunnel;
2744:Proposed bridges in the United Kingdom
1987:Hope, Christopher (13 February 2021).
1894:Langford, Eleanor (10 February 2020).
1735:"Written Answers - Transport Projects"
1578:"An Irishman's Diary" by Wesley Boyd,
1022:Existing British Isles Fixed Sea Links
949:A bridge from mainland England to the
459:(pictured), between Sweden and Denmark
183:Vision of Transport in Ireland in 2050
1709:"Written Answers — Ireland-UK Tunnel"
1687:"Plan to build rail tunnel under sea"
523:High-speed rail in the United Kingdom
455:The project has been compared to the
7:
2606:O'Donoghue, Daniel (19 April 2019).
2443:"Bridge to France: Study next year?"
2072:Grierson, Jamie (14 February 2021).
2754:Proposed undersea tunnels in Europe
2712:Merrington, Jacqui (1 April 2018).
2668:Castella, Tom de (13 August 2013).
2370:"The Channel Tunnel infrastructure"
1913:Alison Campsie (5 September 2018).
1325:Castella, Tom de (14 August 2013).
1238:McKenzie, Steven (9 October 2011).
1143:"Bridge to Northern Ireland mooted"
179:Institution of Engineers of Ireland
2749:Tunnels in the Republic of Ireland
1658:"Written Answers. - Sea Transport"
1586:, Feb 2004 (subscription required)
1541:. 22 October 1918. p. Hansard
1244:BBC News – Highlands & Islands
394:compared the idea to the approved
357:Minister for Tourism and Transport
293:In 1915, a tunnel was proposed by
25:
2570:£100m tunnel to Orkney 'feasible'
2421:"Jersey-France tunnel plan talks"
2382:Millar, Stuart (6 January 2000).
2219:Halliday, Gillian (25 May 2021).
2021:Roach, April (14 February 2021).
1562:Parliamentary Debates: The Senate
2318:Moore, Catherine (26 May 2021).
2240:Moore, Catherine (26 May 2021).
1395:Hughes, Kyle (1 December 2013).
1000:
780:then heading undersea to below
493:investment from the construction
475:, in Dumfries and Galloway, and
2647:Ferguson, Sarah (6 June 2019).
2548:Hughes, Lorna (14 April 2017).
1630:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1602:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1512:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1484:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1479:"TUNNEL (IRELAND AND SCOTLAND)"
643:Second Channel Tunnel or bridge
585:London St Pancras International
507:Secretary of State for Scotland
365:Department of Public Enterprise
2168:Ing, Will (22 February 2021).
1566:Parliament of Northern Ireland
1429:"Tunnel Under the Irish Sea".
593:Eurotunnel Folkestone Terminal
68:North Channel (Galloway) route
63:Possible Irish Sea connections
1:
788:and then back underground to
757:in France which includes the
125:North Channel (Kintyre) route
77:then cross on the bridge via
2690:White, Jamie (19 May 2017).
1119:Strait of Gibraltar crossing
1089:Proposed Infrastructure and
348:said no tunnel was planned.
301:of Ireland but dismissed by
2431:– via news.bbc.co.uk.
1376:(20): 80. 9 February 1799.
1166:. The Scotsman. 17 May 2016
342:European Economic Community
161:This route (from Dublin to
2780:
2679:– via www.bbc.co.uk.
1431:Irish Builder and Engineer
1329:– via www.bbc.co.uk.
1068:Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge
881:, and also from Orkney to
444:
318:Senate of Northern Ireland
269:Irish Builder and Engineer
221:Pre-20th century proposals
1568:. 1955. pp. 513–531.
784:, rising to a station at
408:Democratic Unionist Party
332:, raised a motion in the
1560:"North Channel Tunnel".
1124:Northern Powerhouse Rail
597:Northern Powerhouse Rail
233:"to build a bridge from
115:Luke Livingston Macassey
2174:The Architects’ Journal
1063:Menai Suspension Bridge
469:University of Liverpool
428:Stormont administration
297:as a defence against a
267:politicians". In 1885,
254:London to Holyhead road
93:already exists between
1647:with incorrect answer)
1597:"IRISH CHANNEL TUNNEL"
1507:"IRISH CHANNEL TUNNEL"
1053:Michaelson Road Bridge
1016:Cross-sea traffic ways
761:
694:Channel Islands Tunnel
620:North Wales Coast Line
601:High Speed 2 Phase Two
505:In February 2021, the
460:
299:German U-boat blockade
260:, and opened in 1826.
167:Saint George's Channel
64:
2654:The Press and Journal
2613:The Press and Journal
2447:jerseyeveningpost.com
985:newspaper ran a 2018
752:
454:
420:Dumfries and Galloway
379:21st century proposal
289:20th century proposal
62:
1739:Dáil Éireann debates
1662:Dáil Éireann debates
1625:"Irish Sea (Tunnel)"
1073:Lindisfarne Causeway
2764:Borders of Scotland
2113:. 14 September 2021
1976:. 10 February 2020.
1539:HC Deb vol 110 c594
1535:"TUNNEL TO IRELAND"
1078:The Strood Causeway
848:Shetland and Orkney
794:Bombardier Talent 3
759:Cherbourg Peninsula
392:DUP MP Sammy Wilson
334:UK House of Commons
328:Westminster MP for
2537:. 26 January 2018.
2351:. 19 November 2017
2324:New Civil Engineer
2246:New Civil Engineer
2027:www.standard.co.uk
1741:. 15 February 2005
812:In 2018 Professor
762:
461:
338:John Biggs-Davison
303:H. H. Asquith
279:Hugh Arnold-Foster
65:
2226:Irish Independent
1948:. 22 January 2018
1846:. 24 January 2018
1645:on preceding page
1455:. 9 October 2011.
1149:. 22 August 2007.
1038:Kingsferry Bridge
587:) and another in
485:Foreign Secretary
272:soundings in the
227:Act of Union 1800
16:(Redirected from
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1033:Britannia Bridge
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1008:Transport portal
1005:
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963:on the isle and
709:States of Jersey
626:. A platform or
608:Irish Sea Bridge
591:(similar to the
500:Irish Sea Bridge
465:Irish Sea Bridge
447:Irish Sea Bridge
311:Select Committee
216:Proposal history
210:high-speed train
157:Irish Mail route
21:
18:Irish Sea tunnel
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1817:. 21 April 2015
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776:underground to
745:Channel Islands
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655:English Channel
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481:English Channel
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295:Gershom Stewart
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237:to the Hill of
223:
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195:Shannon Estuary
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107:Beaufort's Dyke
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55:Possible routes
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44:British Islands
40:mainland Europe
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1689:. 7 April 2000
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782:Grosnez Castle
778:Jerbourg Point
741:Lower Normandy
733:Lower Normandy
721:
718:2014 elections
705:Lower Normandy
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616:Ryfylke Tunnel
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457:Øresund Bridge
445:Main article:
442:
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424:Simon Hamilton
396:Channel Tunnel
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258:Thomas Telford
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91:longer bridge
88:
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36:Great Britain
33:
19:
2726:
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2695:. Retrieved
2685:
2673:. Retrieved
2663:
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2633:The Scotsman
2631:
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2586:. Retrieved
2577:
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2553:. Retrieved
2543:
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2497:
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2462:
2450:. Retrieved
2446:
2437:
2425:. Retrieved
2415:
2407:The Guardian
2406:
2396:
2388:The Guardian
2387:
2377:
2365:
2353:. Retrieved
2348:
2339:
2327:. Retrieved
2323:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2297:
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2275:. Retrieved
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2249:. Retrieved
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2202:. Retrieved
2198:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2173:
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2151:. Retrieved
2137:
2127:
2117:15 September
2115:. Retrieved
2111:The Guardian
2110:
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2078:The Guardian
2077:
2067:
2055:. Retrieved
2051:
2042:
2030:. Retrieved
2026:
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1992:
1982:
1971:
1962:
1950:. Retrieved
1943:
1934:
1922:. Retrieved
1919:The Scotsman
1918:
1908:
1900:PoliticsHome
1899:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1874:The National
1873:
1848:. Retrieved
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