Irish nationality law - Knowledge (XXG)

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defined as non-foreign in Irish law and those resident in Ireland continued to be treated almost identically to Irish citizens. Irish citizens have not been considered British subjects under Irish law since passage of this Act. Regardless, the British government continued to treat virtually all Irish citizens as British subjects, except for those who had acquired Irish citizenship by naturalisation, since the Free State had not incorporated Part II of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 into its legislation. The Irish government rejected adopting this provision to avoid the appearance that the Free State was acknowledging in any way that Britain could legislate for Ireland and due to overwhelmingly negative public opinion of the post-independence populace. Although residents of Northern Ireland were disadvantaged in acquiring citizenship and conducting commerce under Irish law, the territory remained defined as an integral part of the state in the revised 1937

551: 700:. Women's rights groups throughout the Empire pressured the imperial government to amend nationality regulations that tied a married woman's status to that of her husband. Because the British government could no longer enforce legislative supremacy over the Dominions after 1931 and wanted to maintain a strong constitutional link to them through the common nationality code, it was unwilling to make major changes without unanimous agreement among the Dominions on this issue, which it did not have. The 1935 Irish legislation stated that marriage between an Irish citizen and foreign spouse did not affect the national status of either spouse, eroding imperial legal uniformity in this regard. New Zealand and Australia also amended their laws in 1935 and 1936 to allow women denaturalised by marriage to retain their rights as British subjects. 787:

Registration in the Foreign Births Register no longer makes citizenship effective from an applicant's date of birth but from the date of registration instead. The 1986 amendment provided for a six-month transition period ending on 31 December 1986 when registration continued to be backdated, triggering a rush among affected individuals to register before the new rules took effect. The sudden large volume of applications became impossible to process before the end of the year, resulting in some individuals losing their entitlement to citizenship from birth. A further amendment in 1994 allowed those who had applied during the transition period but did not have their applications processed in time to re-register under the 1956 Act. Since 2004, spouses of Irish citizens no longer have a facilitated path to acquiring citizenship.

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automatically lost their Irish citizenship. Individuals could instead voluntarily choose to renounce their Irish citizenship and any person born in Northern Ireland who did not otherwise acquire Irish citizenship by descent could claim citizenship by making a formal declaration. Foreign wives of male Irish citizens could register as citizens with no further requirements and citizenship became transferable by descent through mothers as well as fathers. Although children born overseas to foreign-born Irish citizens were still required to be registered in the Foreign Births Register to claim citizenship, registration was no longer subject to a time limit. Registered individuals were deemed to have been Irish citizens backdated to their date of birth, allowing their children born at any time to acquire citizenship as well.

920:, it was ruled that noncitizen parents of Irish-born children were entitled to remain in Ireland through their children's rights of residence. The application of this ruling was extremely permissive in the immediate subsequent period; any non-Irish parent of a child born in Ireland was permitted to remain. The scope of this entitlement was reduced in a 2003 Supreme Court ruling, which determined that the Minister for Justice could examine the circumstances by which a noncitizen parent was claiming a right to remain and held discretionary power to deport any such persons found to be acting contrary to national interest. For Irish-born children with one Irish citizen parent, the noncitizen parent continued to be granted a right to remain without any such qualifications. 884:

under this authority and was not publicly advertised. The secrecy with which this initiative was operated under later became criticised as an attempt to obscure a way for the government to sell passports. About 100 people were able to acquire Irish citizenship through this pathway before its end in 1998. A significant number of applicants who acquired Irish passports in this way never lived or even entered the country and their commitments to boosting Irish employment were not fulfilled. A person of Irish association became defined in legislation in 2004 as someone "related by blood, affinity or adoption to a person who is an Irish citizen".

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citizenship by birth if at least one parent is an Irish citizen or entitled to be one, a British citizen, a resident with no time limit of stay in either the Republic or Northern Ireland, or a resident who has been domiciled on the island of Ireland for at least three of the preceding four years. After these changes were implemented, noncitizen parents of Irish children born before 2005 became eligible for a two-year renewable residence grant under the Irish Born Child Scheme. About 17,000 people obtained Irish residency through this programme during its application period in 2005.

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accept these documents. British consular staff were instructed to confiscate any Irish passports that did not include the term "British subject" and replace them with British passports. This situation continued until 1930, when Irish passports were amended to describe its holders as "one of His Majesty's subjects of the Irish Free State". Despite these disagreements, the two governments agreed not to establish border controls between their jurisdictions and all Irish citizens and British subjects continued to have the ability to move freely within the

601:, Northern Ireland was included in the Irish Free State on independence, but had the right to opt out of the new state within one month of its establishment. This option was exercised on 7 December 1922. The 24-hour period in which Northern Ireland was officially part of the Irish Free State meant that every person ordinarily resident in Northern Ireland on 6 December who fulfilled the citizenship provisions in the Constitution had automatically become an Irish citizen on that date. 50: 675:

legislation was not yet enacted that defined who was a national, this Act provided a separate definition: an Irish "national" was someone born within the borders of the Free State or had been domiciled there for at least five years before 1932. This definition continued to be used even after the 1935 Act was enacted. Significant portions of the Northern Irish population became treated as foreigners in commerce as a consequence of these provisions.

1039:, who reside outside of the Republic for a continuous period of seven years without annually registering their intention to retain Irish citizenship may be stripped of their citizenship. Individuals who obtained citizenship through their marriage or civil partnership to an Irish citizen before 2005 and who reside outside of the island of Ireland may also have their status removed. This provision for citizenship loss is not enforced in practice. 605:

borders. A Canadian, New Zealand, or Irish citizen who travelled outside of their own country would have been regarded as a British subject. This was reinforced by Article 3 of the 1922 Constitution, which stated that Irish citizenship could be exercised "within the limits of the jurisdiction of the Irish Free State". From the British government's perspective, any person born in Ireland remained bound by allegiance to the monarch.

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the Foreign Birth Register or the parent was resident abroad while in public service. Irish citizenship can be continually transmitted through each generation born abroad provided that each subsequent generational birth is registered in the Foreign Births Register. About 1.47 million Irish citizens live outside of the Republic, although this number does not include those resident in Northern Ireland or Britain.

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overseas became eligible to acquire Irish citizenship by registration, provided that they had not voluntarily naturalised as citizens of another country. Foreign nationals who resided in the Free State for at least five years could apply for naturalisation. Irish citizens older than age 21 who acquired foreign citizenship automatically lost Irish citizenship, and any Irish child who was registered in the

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limit of stay in either the Republic or Northern Ireland, or a resident who has been domiciled on the island of Ireland for at least three of the preceding four years. Any person entitled to Irish citizenship who performs an act that only an Irish citizen has a right to do, such as applying for an Irish passport or registering to vote in national elections, automatically becomes a citizen.

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amendment limiting birthright citizenship only to people with a sufficient existing connection to Ireland. The Irish and British governments issued a joint statement clarifying that the intent of the Good Friday Agreement was not to grant citizenship to persons unconnected to the country and that the proposed changes would not violate the existing agreement on Northern Ireland.

5564: 900:. Under these accords, Northern Irish residents were acknowledged as having the right to hold either or both British and Irish citizenships regardless of whether the UK or Ireland hold sovereignty over Northern Ireland, and any person born on the island of Ireland had a right to hold Irish citizenship. These changes became constitutional entitlements when the 1014:

with Irish citizens, the residence requirement is reduced to three of the last five years. Candidates must satisfy a good character requirement and intend to remain domiciled in Ireland after naturalising. Individuals under investigation by local police are routinely denied naturalisation. Successful applicants are required to take an

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for Justice. Former citizens who were born on the island of Ireland may subsequently apply to reacquire citizenship. Previously naturalised individuals or those who had acquired citizenship by descent do not have a direct path to citizenship restoration and must complete the naturalisation process to regain Irish citizenship.

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Irish citizenship can be relinquished by making a declaration of renunciation, provided that the declarant ordinarily resides overseas and already possesses or is in the process of obtaining another nationality. Renunciations cannot be made during wartime unless exceptionally approved by the Minister

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receive Irish citizenship at birth if they are not entitled to any other country's citizenship. Otherwise, they are entitled to but not automatically granted citizenship if at least one parent is an Irish citizen or holds an entitlement to Irish citizenship, a British citizen, a resident with no time

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has absolute discretionary power to waive any citizenship requirements for applicants who are of "Irish association". This term was not defined in legislation, which allowed the minister to use this pathway to grant any foreigner Irish citizenship. The citizenship by investment programme was operated

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came into force on 6 December 1922, any individual domiciled in Ireland automatically became an Irish citizen if they were born in Ireland, born to at least one parent who was born in Ireland, or living in Ireland for at least seven years prior to independence. Any person who already held citizenship

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Adopted children are automatically granted Irish citizenship if the adoption is completed in Ireland; parents adopting children overseas must register an adoption with Irish authorities for the process to take effect in Irish law and are required to apply for immigration clearance before any adopted

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pathway was created ostensibly to attract foreign investment into the country as a way to help lower the high unemployment rate. A foreigner could acquire Irish citizenship through this programme after investing IR£1 million in a business with the goal of creating or maintaining 10 jobs for at least

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Although the Constitution provided a definition for who acquired citizenship at the time of independence, it contained no detail on how to acquire it after 1922. This created a number of anomalous situations, including the inability for citizenship to be granted to foreigners resident in Ireland and

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Children born overseas are Irish citizens by descent if either parent or any grandparent was born in Ireland and is either an Irish citizen or entitled to be one, although those born to an Irish parent who was also born overseas are only entitled to Irish citizenship if their birth is registered in

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with the intention of permanently living in the UK, was ruled to have a right of residence in the EU as the primary caregiver of an EU citizen exercising free movement rights in another member state. In response to the perceived "abuse" of citizenship, the Irish government proposed a constitutional

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The 1956 Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act, which replaced the earlier 1935 Act, expanded the available pathways to citizenship and allowed more situations to retain it. Restrictions on holding multiple nationalities were repealed and any Irish citizen who acquired another nationality no longer

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is defined in the Act to have the same meaning. British subject/Commonwealth citizen status co-existed with the citizenships of each Commonwealth country. This change in naming indicated that allegiance to the Crown was no longer required to possess British subject status and that the common status

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Moreover, the 1935 Act further deviated from the common code by creating an Irish nationality distinct from British nationality and explicitly repeals all related British-enacted legislation. Despite this separation, British subjects from the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries remained

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honorary citizenship during his state visit to Ireland in 1963, but this was declined due to restrictions in U.S. law that made it difficult for the head of state to accept a foreign honour. Although the Irish government was prepared to enact special legislation to grant a purely honorary title to

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Foreigners over the age of 18 as well as minors born in Ireland may naturalise as Irish citizens after residing in the country for at least five of the previous nine years, with one year of continuous residence immediately preceding an application. For applicants married to or in civil partnership

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Individuals born in Northern Ireland from 6 December 1922 to 1 December 1999 who did not have an Irish citizen parent were entitled to become Irish citizens by declaration. Any person born in that territory from 2 December 1999 to 31 December 2004 is entitled to Irish citizenship regardless of the

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During the period before passage of the 1935 Act, the government enacted several pieces of legislation that restricted certain types of economic activity to "Irish nationals". Under the Control of Manufactures Act 1932, Irish companies were required to be majority-owned by Irish nationals. Because

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in 1923, the British government insisted on the inclusion of some type of wording that described the holders of these passports as "British subjects". The two sides could not reach agreement on this issue and when the Irish government began issuing passports in 1924, British authorities refused to

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Commonwealth citizens initially continued to hold free movement rights in both the UK and Ireland after 1949. British authorities systemically discouraged non-white immigration into the UK, but strong economic conditions in Britain following the Second World War attracted an unprecedented wave of

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in the British Parliament. Irish citizens have since no longer been defined as British subjects in British law, although they continue to be treated as non-foreign in the United Kingdom and retain the same rights and privileges exercised by Commonwealth citizens; Irish citizens remain eligible to

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Any person born in Ireland before 6 December 1922 who did not automatically acquire citizenship under the Constitution due to their residence abroad on that date could acquire citizenship by becoming domiciled in the Free State, along with their children. Irish-born individuals continuing to live

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in 1935 provided a full framework detailing requirements for obtaining citizenship. Under the 1935 Act, any individual born in the Irish Free State on or after 6 December 1922, or overseas to an Irish father who himself was born in the state, was a natural-born citizen. Children born abroad to an

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formalised a clear distinction between subjects who naturalised in the UK and those who did so in other territories. Individuals who naturalised in the UK were deemed to have received the status by imperial naturalisation, which was valid throughout the Empire. Those naturalising in colonies were

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was enacted that made the entitlement to birthright citizenship for people without Irish parents dependent on legislation rather than the Constitution. That entitlement was then revoked by the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act 2004. Children born in Ireland beginning in 2005 are only granted

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Legislation clarifying Irish citizenship acquisition was delayed due to the government's desire to negotiate an exception in British subject status with the rest of the Commonwealth. Ultimately, no compromise on the issue was reached but Ireland did not pass its own nationality legislation until

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At its inception, the Irish Free State gained independence as a Dominion within the British Empire. Imperial legislation at the time dictated that although individual Dominions could define a citizenship for their own citizens, that citizenship would only be effective within the local Dominion's

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has authority to grant honorary Irish citizenship to any person deemed to have rendered an extraordinary service to the nation. Despite being labelled "honorary", this type of citizenship is a substantive status and gives its holders all the rights and privileges that other Irish citizens have.

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This statutory definition differed based on the type of business that a particular Act was regulating. For agriculture and banking, a person born overseas must have been resident in the Free State for at least five years before 1933 to qualify as an Irish national. However, when determining the

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or Ireland. However, individuals born in the UK since 1983 are only British citizens if at least one parent is already a British citizen. The Irish regulation created a legal anomaly where persons born in Britain without British citizenship nevertheless held an unrestricted right to settle in

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at a public citizenship ceremony. The Minister for Justice has discretionary power to waive any or all citizenship requirements for applicants of Irish descent or association, minor children of naturalised citizens, individuals in public service stationed overseas, or recognised refugees and

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Foreign husbands of Irish citizens became eligible for citizenship by marriage with an amendment in 1986, but a three-year waiting period was introduced for applicants of either sex before eligible individuals could apply and couples were required to be living together in the same residence.

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on the island of Ireland for at least three of the preceding four years. Persons born in Northern Ireland are usually entitled to – but not automatically granted – Irish citizenship, largely under the same terms. Foreign nationals may become Irish citizens by

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in favour of leaving the EU, Irish citizenship applications from Britain (excluding Northern Ireland) increased substantially. While only 54 people from Britain naturalised as Irish citizens in 2015 before the referendum, this number had grown to 1,156 by 2021. Despite the UK's

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and is the common term used in international treaties when addressing members of a country, while citizenship usually means the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation. This distinction is clearly defined in non-English speaking countries but not in the

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to be levied on property transactions, an Irish national was someone who had lived in the state for three years before 1947. These separate definitions for "Irish national" were repealed after legislative reform in 1956.

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Irish father who himself was not born within the Free State were required to have had their birth registered within two years. Northern Ireland was treated as outside of the Free State for the purposes of this Act.

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to any person born on the island prior to this amendment as a part of statute law, increasing levels of immigration into the country soon affected the degree to which that entitlement would be given. In the 1990

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All persons born in the Republic of Ireland before 1 January 2005 automatically received citizenship at birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents. Individuals born since that date anywhere on the

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All persons born in the Republic before 1 January 2005 are automatically citizens by birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents. Individuals born in the country since that date receive Irish

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in 1949, Irish citizens no longer hold British nationality. However, they continue to have favoured status in the United Kingdom and are largely exempt from British immigration law, eligible to vote in

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Tobler, Christa (2020). "Free Movement of Persons in the EU v. in the EEA: of Effect-Related Homogeneity and a Reversed Polydor Principle". In Cambien, Nathan; Kochenov, Dimitry; Muir, Elise (eds.).

633:, the other Dominions had exercised increasing levels of autonomy in managing their own affairs and each by then had developed a distinct national identity. Britain formally recognised this at the 2299: 2044: 4239: 735:

abolished the common code and each Commonwealth country would enact legislation to create its own nationality. British subject was redefined to mean any citizen of a Commonwealth country.

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that constitutes a breach of loyalty to the state, or holds citizenship of a country at war with the Republic. Naturalised persons, other than those of Irish descent or employed in the

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children may enter the country as citizens. Abandoned children found in Ireland with unclear parentage are considered to have been born on the island to at least one Irish parent.

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Diverging developments in Dominion legislation, as well as growing assertions of local national identity separate from that of Britain and the Empire, culminated with the

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at birth if at least one of their parents is an Irish citizen or entitled to be one, a British citizen, a resident with no time limit of stay in either the Republic or

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was required after reaching age 21 to make a declaration of their intention to retain Irish citizenship and stating that they had renounced all other nationalities.

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in which Man Lavette Chen, a Chinese woman who had travelled to Northern Ireland to give birth to her Irish citizen daughter then subsequently relocated to

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said to have gone through local naturalisation and were given subject status valid only within the relevant territory; a subject who locally naturalised in

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with all the Dominion heads of government, which stated that the United Kingdom and Dominions were autonomous and equal to each other within the British

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in 1947, comprehensive reform to British nationality law was necessary at this point to address ideas that were incompatible with the previous system.

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remaining official functions in the Irish state in 1948. Despite India's continued membership as a republic within the Commonwealth following the

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five years. Investors were required to maintain an Irish address or live in the country for at least 60 days before receiving an Irish passport.

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colonial migration. In response, the British Parliament imposed immigration controls on any Commonwealth citizens originating from outside the

521:. When travelling outside of the Empire, British subjects who were locally naturalised in a colony were still entitled to imperial protection. 3679: 6022: 5946: 5491: 5486: 5451: 5421: 5336: 5301: 5291: 4929: 3741: 3710: 3648: 3586: 3377: 3249: 3218: 3187:

Mullally, Siobhán; De Londras, Fiona; O'Donovan, Darren; Thornton, Liam (2006). Allain, Jean; Mullally, Siobhán (eds.). "Human Rights—2006".

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that adopted Part II of this Act as part of local legislation were authorised to grant subject status to aliens by imperial naturalisation.

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The British Parliament brought regulations for British subject status into codified statute law for the first time with passage of the

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is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers to a person's legal belonging to a

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British nationality law during this time was uncodified and did not have a standard set of regulations, relying instead on past

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Wiener, Antje (August 1997). "Making Sense of the New Geography of Citizenship: Fragmented Citizenship in the European Union".

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Kelly, James (1987). "The Origins of the Act of Union: An Examination of Unionist Opinion in Britain and Ireland, 1650-1800".

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Citizenship may be involuntarily removed from naturalised persons who fraudulently acquired the status, willfully perform an

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statuses of their parents; this includes children born in Ireland between these dates to foreign government officials with

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Baldwin, M. Page (October 2001). "Subject to Empire: Married Women and the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act".

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applied in Ireland. Any person born in Ireland, as a constituent part of the United Kingdom, or anywhere else within

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regardless of their employment status. The scope of these rights was further expanded with the establishment of the

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to the sovereign, and could not voluntarily renounce British subject status until this was first permitted in 1870.

412:. In the modern Irish context, there is little distinction between the two terms and they are used interchangeably. 5966: 5925: 5915: 5875: 5840: 5790: 5755: 5650: 5532: 4958: 4935: 4872: 4852: 4812: 4696: 4671: 4666: 4496: 4471: 4376: 4311: 4301: 4291: 4281: 4221: 4206: 4201: 4176: 4158: 4090: 4020: 3990: 3880: 3268: 3120: 2982: 2837: 2638: 2540: 2531: 1127: 853:

on 31 January 2020 and contrary to other EU nationals, Irish citizens continue to have free movement in the UK and

822: 796: 200: 5880: 5815: 5785: 5775: 5770: 5730: 5700: 5675: 5665: 4827: 4711: 4686: 4641: 4636: 4586: 4511: 4506: 4461: 4436: 4431: 4411: 4401: 4356: 4346: 4306: 4276: 4266: 4256: 4171: 4148: 4123: 4060: 3980: 3905: 3870: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3771: 3468: 2603: 1123: 924: 872: 570: 458: 3016:"Zhu and Chen Revisited: An Update on the ECJ's Jurisprudence on the Derivative Rights of Third-party Nationals" 2832:

Handoll, John (2006). "Ireland". In Waldrauch, Harald; Bauböck, Rainer; Ersbøll, Eva; Groenendijk, Kees (eds.).

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Acquisition and Loss of Nationality – Volume 2: Country Analyses: Policies and Trends in 15 European Countries

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after passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931. The Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act enacted by the

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dominions was a natural-born British subject. Natural-born subjects were considered to owe perpetual

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determined that his acceptance of a personal honour of any kind without the express approval of the

769:. Ireland mirrored this restriction and limited free movement only to people born on the islands of 5079: 4998: 4541: 3658: 2759: 2753:

Nation and Citizenship from the Late Nineteenth Century Onwards: A Comparative European Perspective

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Standard regulations in Commonwealth countries at the time strictly complied with the doctrine of

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has been politically and militarily involved on the island. English control was tenuous until the

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Lowry, Donal (2008). "The Captive Dominion: Imperial Realities Behind Irish Diplomacy, 1922—49".

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However, the scope of noncitizen parental residence rights in the EU was expanded in the 2004

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would be maintained by voluntary agreement among the Commonwealth members. Ireland formally

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An Act to make provision for the acquisition and loss of Irish nationality and citizenship.

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Integration Without Membership: Switzerland's Bilateral Agreements with the European Union

3396: 3087: 2039: 1636: 1110: 762: 630: 432: 404: 367: 359:, which entails the same rights and duties as normal citizenship, although this is rare. 5172: 2126: 49: 6059: 5115: 5015: 3387: 2863: 2710: 1106: 1072: 814: 806: 609: 558: 505: 501: 348: 343: 3285: 6081: 5145: 5094: 5026: 4978: 4568: 3517: 3228: 3144: 3006: 2866:(1999). "The Politics of Citizenship in 1940s Britain: The British Nationality Act". 2662: 1084: 1066: 809:(EU). Irish citizens have since been able to work in other EC/EU countries under the 770: 528:. British subject status was standardised as a common nationality across the Empire. 2035:"Applications from Britons for Irish citizenship soar by almost 1,200% since Brexit" 5041: 2572: 994: 380: 3015: 3200: 2727: 645:. Full legislative independence was granted to the Dominions with passage of the 17: 5099: 5057: 2931: 2784:"Who is Irish Today? Citizenship and Nationality Issues in 21st Century Ireland" 2604:

The Irish Born Child Administrative Scheme for Immigrant Residency 2005 (IBC/05)

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European Citizenship under Stress: Social Justice, Brexit and Other Challenges

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Siskind, Gregory (1992). "Freedom of Movement for Lawyers in the New Europe".

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Mansergh, Nicholas (1952). "Ireland: The Republic Outside the Commonwealth".

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in the 16th century, during which the entire island was assimilated into the

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Lloyd, Trevor (1998). "Partition, within, Partition: The Irish Example".

2675: 2130: 908: 554: 529: 3476: 3451: 3356: 3276: 3136: 3103: 2998: 2654: 3659:"Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill, 1955: Report and Final Stages" 3628:"Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill, 1955: Report and Final Stages" 3316: 3179: 2916: 2718: 2556: 2239: 961: 454: 351:

after meeting a minimum residence requirement, usually five years. The

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Daly, Mary E. (2001). "Irish Nationality and Citizenship since 1922".

3721:"Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill 2004: Report Stage (Resumed)" 3095: 2956:

Defining British Citizenship: Empire, Commonwealth and Modern Britain

2891:

Heuston, R.F.V. (1950). "British Nationality and Irish Citizenship".

2804: 2783: 2462:"Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill 2004: Report Stage (Resumed)" 2071: 1265:"Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill, 1955: Second Stage – Seanad" 850: 273: 3171: 2908: 3763: 2548: 1241:"Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill, 1955: Second Stage – Dáil" 837:

in 1994 to include any national of an EFTA member state except for

3758: 988: 934: 549: 594:

of another country could choose not to accept Irish citizenship.

3690:"Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill, 1955 – From the Seanad" 2813:

Handoll, John (October 2012). Country report: Ireland (Report).

1197:"Immigration, International Protection and Citizenship Services" 1169:"Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill, 1955 – From the Seanad" 973:, who are eligible to claim citizenship by special declaration. 5584: 5176: 3767: 2583:(1765). "Of the People, Whether Aliens, Denizens, or Natives". 1114:

President Kennedy rather than the substantial status, the U.S.

1056:

Honorary Irish citizenship has only been awarded to 11 people:

500:. Until the mid-19th century, it was unclear whether rules for 3020:

Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review

3597:"Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill, 1955: Second Stage" 3566:"Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill, 1955: Second Stage" 3259:

Piola, Catherine (2006). "The Reform of Irish Citizenship".

3535:"Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill, 1955: First Stage" 1229:"Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill, 1955: First Stage" 805:(EC), a set of organisations that later developed into the 608:

When Free State authorities were first preparing to issue

306:

is the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act, 1956, which

829:, free movement rights were extended to all nationals of 2476:"JFK had to turn down citizenship offer from government" 2395: 2393: 1923: 1921: 943:

Twenty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland

712:

Changing relationship with Britain and the Commonwealth

504:

in the United Kingdom were applicable elsewhere in the

29:"Irish citizen" redirects here. For the newspaper, see 3438:

Veach, Colin (2019). "Ireland in the Angevin Empire".

1884: 1882: 1761: 1759: 1650: 1648: 718:

creation of a substantive Canadian citizenship in 1946

6043: 752:, Ireland ceased to be a member after passage of the 3286:"The Common Travel Area between Britain and Ireland" 2728:

Supplemental Opinions of the Office of Legal Counsel

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British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland

5934: 5636: 5618: 5525: 5272: 5211: 5108: 5050: 4991: 4944: 4845: 4735: 4562: 4555: 4324: 4249: 4106: 4099: 3808: 3801: 1966:"Europe Gets Set to Vote; It's Not Sure About What" 902:

Nineteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland

422:

British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland

272: 264: 256: 248: 240: 230: 220: 210: 196: 185: 177: 172: 162: 154: 146: 136: 128: 118: 97: 85: 56: 42: 517:was a British subject there, but not in the UK or 3238:The Government and Politics of the European Union 1009:with a new citizen at a 2014 citizenship ceremony 774:Ireland; this inconsistency was removed in 1999. 526:British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 391:The distinction between the meaning of the terms 2925:Historical background information on nationality 1457:Historical background information on nationality 1421:Historical background information on nationality 1373:Historical background information on nationality 6018:British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983 2286: 2284: 573:. Following the war, the island of Ireland was 370:. After most of Ireland's independence as the 132:11 July 1956 (with amendments from the Seanad) 5596: 5188: 3779: 2693:Evans, J. M. (1972). "Immigration Act 1971". 2672:The British Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia 2458:Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform 2338:Irish Emigration Patterns and Citizens Abroad 2020: 589:remains part of the United Kingdom. When the 383:, and able to stand for public office there. 8: 4926:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 2292:"Irish citizenship through birth or descent" 252:Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill, 1955 192:Irish Nationality and Citizenship Bill, 1955 2788:Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique 1288: 670:Conflicting definition for "Irish national" 475:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 282:Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act, 1935 43:Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act, 1956 5603: 5589: 5581: 5195: 5181: 5173: 4559: 4103: 3805: 3786: 3772: 3764: 1384: 1360: 1109:intended to award United States president 955:Entitlement by birth, descent, or adoption 48: 5228: 3208: 2822: 2803: 2506: 2413:"Renounce or reacquire Irish Citizenship" 757:vote and stand for Parliament in the UK. 1801: 1789: 1777: 1750: 1576: 1432: 1408: 1396: 1348: 6093:Ireland and the Commonwealth of Nations 6050: 3189:The Irish Yearbook of International Law 2609:(Report). New Communities Partnership. 2441: 2399: 2384: 2372: 2320: 2275: 2263: 2251: 2227: 2215: 2203: 2179: 2167: 2155: 1951: 1927: 1912: 1900: 1861: 1726: 1702: 1690: 1678: 1666: 1528: 1444: 1336: 1161: 74: 3395:Vahl, Marius; Grolimund, Nina (2006). 2008: 1996: 1939: 1825: 888:Restrictions to birthright citizenship 39: 6023:British Overseas Territories Act 2002 5947:British nationality law and Hong Kong 2941:from the original on 29 December 2018 2354:from the original on 11 December 2018 2113: 2101: 1837: 1504: 1468: 1324: 1312: 1300: 1276: 819:European Parliament elections in 1979 536:Partition and lingering imperial ties 7: 5957:British Overseas Territories citizen 5563: 2751:Gosewinkel, Dieter (15 April 2008). 2738:from the original on 26 January 2023 2616:from the original on 21 October 2022 2474:Sheehy, Clodagh (29 December 2006). 2191: 2127:"Good Friday Agreement: What is it?" 2083:from the original on 17 January 2022 1888: 1873: 1849: 1813: 1765: 1738: 1714: 1654: 1624: 1612: 1600: 1588: 1564: 1552: 1540: 1516: 1492: 1480: 1145:Visa requirements for Irish citizens 1122:would have been in violation of the 591:Constitution of the Irish Free State 328:elections to the European Parliament 2732:United States Department of Justice 2586:Commentaries on the Laws of England 950:Acquisition and loss of citizenship 626:foreign spouses of Irish citizens. 3406:Centre for European Policy Studies 3326:from the original on 20 March 2023 2726:Forrester, Nathan A., ed. (2013). 2711:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1972.tb02363.x 2488:from the original on 29 March 2022 2302:from the original on 23 April 2022 1207:from the original on 14 March 2022 907:Although Ireland had long granted 362:Ireland as a whole was previously 312:member state of the European Union 25: 3034:from the original on 2 March 2021 2868:Twentieth Century British History 2047:from the original on 12 July 2022 1978:from the original on 8 April 2022 941:Following a 2004 referendum, the 326:(EFTA) countries and may vote in 314:(EU) and all Irish nationals are 6065: 6053: 5841:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5562: 5551: 5550: 5155: 5154: 3876:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3459:"What is an 'Irish National'?". 3425:from the original on 18 May 2022 2769:from the original on 27 May 2019 2423:from the original on 2 June 2022 2137:from the original on 17 May 2023 1637:"What is an 'Irish National'?", 817:and participated in their first 778:Subsequent reforms as a republic 767:Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 567:desire for local self-governance 451:Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland 5021:Birth aboard aircraft and ships 2930:(Report). 1.0. United Kingdom: 2602:Coakley, Liam (February 2012). 2296:Department of Social Protection 918:Fajujonu v Minister for Justice 844:Following the United Kingdom's 811:freedom of movement for workers 621:Delayed citizenship legislation 374:in 1922 and departure from the 324:European Free Trade Association 6098:Ireland and the European Union 5977:Permanent resident (Australia) 4858:Federated States of Micronesia 4222:St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2033:Hutton, Brian (27 June 2022). 1081:and his wife Clementine (1993) 1005:, and former High Court judge 894:Northern Ireland peace process 469:, Ireland was merged with the 445:History of Ireland (1801–1923) 310:on 17 July 1956. Ireland is a 1: 6028:Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 3049:Citizenship in a Global World 2815:European University Institute 2345:Department of Foreign Affairs 2067:"Common Travel Area guidance" 1069:and his wife Elizabeth (1975) 342:, or a resident who has been 6013:British Nationality Act 1981 5139:British Overseas Territories 3446:(3). Wordwell Books: 40–43. 3201:10.5040/9781472564269.ch-012 3195:. Hart Publishing: 313–330. 3047:Kondo, Atsushi, ed. (2001). 2796:University of Rouen Normandy 2782:Guillaumond, Julien (2016). 1964:Lewis, Flora (20 May 1979). 1753:, pp. 114–115, 122–126. 801:In 1973, Ireland joined the 733:British Nationality Act 1948 565:Resistance to the Union and 5987:UK Ancestry Entry Clearance 5982:Permanent resident (Canada) 5009:Renunciation of citizenship 3028:Loyola Marymount University 1075:and his wife Mildred (1986) 867:Immigrant investor programs 647:Statute of Westminster 1931 6119: 5967:Indefinite leave to remain 3269:Dalarna University College 3121:Cambridge University Press 2983:Cambridge University Press 2838:Amsterdam University Press 2639:Cambridge University Press 2541:Cambridge University Press 2532:Journal of British Studies 1128:United States Constitution 864: 823:European Union citizenship 797:European Union citizenship 794: 742:declared itself a republic 575:partitioned into two parts 539: 453:in the late 12th century, 430: 419: 364:part of the United Kingdom 298:The primary law governing 28: 5935:Rights, issues, and visas 5546: 5134: 3759:Irish Immigration Service 3469:University College Dublin 3129:10.1017/S0021121400007045 2991:10.1017/S0021121400026614 2958:. Frank Cass Publishers. 2670:Doyle, Mark, ed. (2018). 2647:10.1017/S0021121400015078 2021:Vahl & Grolimund 2006 1124:Foreign Emoluments Clause 1051:from the government, the 925:European Court of Justice 873:citizenship by investment 861:Citizenship by investment 688:Common code noncompliance 571:Irish War of Independence 559:Irish Free State passport 288: 279: 63: 47: 5612:Commonwealth citizenship 3856:Central African Republic 3349:American Bar Association 3341:The International Lawyer 3113:Irish Historical Studies 2975:Irish Historical Studies 2954:Karatani, Rieko (2003). 2631:Irish Historical Studies 1792:, pp. 277–278, 280. 1591:, pp. 382–386, 391. 879:Under the 1956 Act, the 813:established by the 1957 635:1926 Imperial Conference 471:Kingdom of Great Britain 427:Pre-independence context 5620:Commonwealth of Nations 4954:Commonwealth of Nations 3713:3 November 2019 at the 3682:28 January 2021 at the 3651:3 November 2019 at the 3589:3 February 2022 at the 3558:3 November 2019 at the 3502:10.1023/A:1006809913519 3388:10.1163/j.ctv2gjwnvm.25 3309:10.1111/1468-2230.00356 3164:Oxford University Press 3014:King, David H. (2019). 2901:Oxford University Press 2876:Oxford University Press 2730:(Report). Vol. 1. 1116:Office of Legal Counsel 1087:and his wife Pat (1996) 821:. With the creation of 706:Constitution of Ireland 664:Foreign Births Register 643:Commonwealth of Nations 597:Under the terms of the 479:British nationality law 465:. After passage of the 376:Commonwealth of Nations 318:. They are entitled to 6103:Irish-American history 4768:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3663:Seanad Éireann debates 3601:Seanad Éireann debates 3284:Ryan, Bernard (2001). 3236:Nugent, Neill (2017). 2254:, pp. 3–4, 6, 10. 1140:Visa policy of Ireland 1120:United States Congress 1010: 909:birthright citizenship 851:withdrawal from the EU 835:European Economic Area 637:, jointly issuing the 562: 366:and Irish people were 6088:Irish nationality law 5972:Irish nationality law 5831:Saint Kitts and Nevis 5646:Antigua & Barbuda 5447:Roquebrune-Cap-Martin 5151:Partially recognized. 4016:São Tomé and Príncipe 3527:Parliamentary debates 3293:The Modern Law Review 3155:International Affairs 3080:International Journal 3061:10.1057/9780333993880 2893:International Affairs 2695:The Modern Law Review 2417:Department of Justice 2116:, pp. 50, 52–53. 1828:, pp. 90, 94–95. 1201:Department of Justice 1061:Alfred Chester Beatty 993:Minister for Justice 992: 930:Chen v Home Secretary 904:was adopted in 1999. 898:Good Friday Agreement 896:resulted in the 1998 892:Negotiations for the 553: 167:Department of Justice 5962:Commonwealth citizen 5628:Commonwealth citizen 5538:Revolutionary France 5204:Honorary citizenship 5090:Second-class citizen 5063:Multiple citizenship 4532:United Arab Emirates 4166:(Kingdom of Denmark) 3744:14 July 2021 at the 3725:Dáil Éireann debates 3694:Dáil Éireann debates 3632:Dáil Éireann debates 3570:Dáil Éireann debates 3539:Dáil Éireann debates 3372:. pp. 482–507. 3261:Nordic Irish Studies 3242:Macmillan Publishers 2884:10.1093/tcbh/10.1.67 2840:. pp. 289–328. 2240:Mullally et al. 2006 1999:, pp. 529, 544. 1954:, pp. 899, 906. 1741:, pp. 382, 387. 1053:president of Ireland 1043:Honorary citizenship 881:Minister for Justice 803:European Communities 791:European integration 737:Commonwealth citizen 357:honorary citizenship 353:president of Ireland 320:free movement rights 205:Minister for Justice 163:Administered by 5896:Trinidad and Tobago 5080:Permanent residency 4999:Loss of citizenship 4974:Caribbean Community 4227:Trinidad and Tobago 4212:St. Kitts and Nevis 4114:Antigua and Barbuda 3620:15 May 2018 at the 2760:European Parliament 2581:Blackstone, William 2509:, pp. 278–284. 2194:, pp. 358–361. 2011:, pp. 482–483. 1915:, pp. 299–300. 1780:, pp. 116–118. 1693:, pp. 546–549. 1627:, pp. 392–393. 1603:, pp. 386–387. 1567:, pp. 382–383. 1555:, pp. 859–860. 1543:, pp. 380–381. 1519:, pp. 378–379. 1483:, pp. 377–378. 1471:, pp. 515–516. 1447:, pp. 527–528. 1315:, pp. 214–215. 1203:. 27 January 2021. 1023:Loss and resumption 1019:stateless persons. 1016:oath of citizenship 971:diplomatic immunity 639:Balfour Declaration 437:Lordship of Ireland 173:Legislative history 105:Republic of Ireland 6006:Acts of Parliament 5457:Schleswig-Holstein 4154:Dominican Republic 3731:. 30 November 2004 3576:. 29 February 1956 3486:Theory and Society 3053:Palgrave Macmillan 2075:. United Kingdom: 1971:The New York Times 1091:Jean Kennedy Smith 1011: 855:Crown dependencies 750:London Declaration 629:By the end of the 615:Common Travel Area 599:Anglo-Irish Treaty 563: 546:Anglo-Irish Treaty 510:British Parliament 467:Acts of Union 1800 463:Kingdom of Ireland 441:Kingdom of Ireland 98:Territorial extent 6041: 6040: 5992:UK right of abode 5578: 5577: 5170: 5169: 5144:Open border with 4987: 4986: 4841: 4840: 4320: 4319: 4240:US Virgin Islands 4167: 3891:Equatorial Guinea 3379:978-90-04-42245-2 3251:978-1-137-45409-6 3220:978-1-8411-3702-5 3070:978-0-333-80266-3 2685:978-1-4408-4197-2 2481:Irish Independent 2387:, pp. 12–13. 2375:, pp. 10–11. 2334:Irish Abroad Unit 2266:, pp. 11–12. 1942:, pp. 27–28. 1579:, pp. 86–88. 1411:, pp. 55–56. 1351:, pp. 41–42. 962:island of Ireland 827:Maastricht Treaty 746:British monarch's 296: 295: 32:The Irish Citizen 18:Irish nationality 16:(Redirected from 6110: 6070: 6069: 6068: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6049: 6033:Ireland Act 1949 5997:Windrush scandal 5821:Papua New Guinea 5638:Nationality laws 5605: 5598: 5591: 5582: 5566: 5565: 5554: 5553: 5206:around the world 5197: 5190: 5183: 5174: 5158: 5157: 5004:Denaturalization 4893:Papua New Guinea 4878:Marshall Islands 4560: 4165: 4104: 3806: 3795:Nationality laws 3788: 3781: 3774: 3765: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3521: 3480: 3455: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3424: 3403: 3391: 3360: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3325: 3290: 3280: 3255: 3240:(8th ed.). 3232: 3212: 3183: 3148: 3107: 3096:10.2307/40203326 3074: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3010: 2969: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2940: 2934:. 21 July 2017. 2929: 2920: 2887: 2859: 2847:978-90-5356-9214 2828: 2826: 2809: 2807: 2805:10.4000/rfcb.882 2778: 2776: 2774: 2768: 2757: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2722: 2689: 2666: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2615: 2608: 2598: 2576: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2471: 2465: 2454:Michael McDowell 2451: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2409: 2403: 2397: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2353: 2342: 2336:(20 June 2017). 2330: 2324: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2288: 2279: 2278:, pp. 4, 6. 2273: 2267: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2218:, pp. 9–12. 2213: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2133:. 3 April 2023. 2123: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2030: 2024: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1961: 1955: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1931: 1925: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1892: 1886: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1718: 1712: 1706: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1676: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1643: 1634: 1628: 1622: 1616: 1610: 1604: 1598: 1592: 1586: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1550: 1544: 1538: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1508: 1502: 1496: 1490: 1484: 1478: 1472: 1466: 1460: 1454: 1448: 1442: 1436: 1430: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1382: 1376: 1370: 1364: 1358: 1352: 1346: 1340: 1334: 1328: 1322: 1316: 1310: 1304: 1298: 1292: 1289:Guillaumond 2016 1286: 1280: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1256: 1250: 1244: 1238: 1232: 1226: 1217: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1193: 1187: 1181: 1172: 1166: 831:EU member states 754:Ireland Act 1949 744:and removed the 587:Northern Ireland 583:Irish Free State 579:Southern Ireland 542:Irish Free State 372:Irish Free State 368:British subjects 340:Northern Ireland 284: 241:Second chamber: 226:29 February 1956 110:Northern Ireland 93: 52: 40: 21: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6107: 6078: 6077: 6076: 6066: 6064: 6054: 6052: 6044: 6042: 6037: 6001: 5942:Belonger status 5930: 5866:Solomon Islands 5632: 5614: 5609: 5579: 5574: 5542: 5521: 5274: 5268: 5207: 5201: 5171: 5166: 5130: 5104: 5085:Right of return 5046: 4983: 4946: 4940: 4903:Solomon Islands 4837: 4803:Northern Cyprus 4798:North Macedonia 4731: 4566: 4551: 4316: 4245: 4095: 3797: 3792: 3755: 3750: 3746:Wayback Machine 3734: 3732: 3719: 3715:Wayback Machine 3703: 3701: 3688: 3684:Wayback Machine 3672: 3670: 3657: 3653:Wayback Machine 3641: 3639: 3638:. 10 April 1956 3626: 3622:Wayback Machine 3610: 3608: 3595: 3591:Wayback Machine 3579: 3577: 3564: 3560:Wayback Machine 3548: 3546: 3533: 3529: 3524: 3483: 3471:: 36–38. 1952. 3458: 3440:History Ireland 3437: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3416: 3401: 3394: 3380: 3363: 3338: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3288: 3283: 3258: 3252: 3235: 3221: 3186: 3172:10.2307/2607413 3151: 3110: 3088:SAGE Publishing 3077: 3071: 3046: 3037: 3035: 3013: 2972: 2966: 2953: 2944: 2942: 2938: 2927: 2923: 2909:10.2307/3016841 2890: 2864:Hansen, Randall 2862: 2848: 2831: 2812: 2781: 2772: 2770: 2766: 2755: 2750: 2741: 2739: 2725: 2692: 2686: 2674:. 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Kennedy 1045: 1025: 987: 957: 952: 890: 869: 863: 846:2016 referendum 799: 793: 780: 763:British Islands 714: 690: 672: 631:First World War 623: 610:Irish passports 585:in 1922, while 548: 538: 477:. Accordingly, 447: 433:British subject 429: 424: 418: 405:sovereign state 389: 355:may also grant 308:came into force 280: 178:First chamber: 137:Enacted by 119:Enacted by 114: 89: 81: 78: 73: 72: 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6116: 6114: 6106: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6074: 6072:European Union 6062: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6009: 6007: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5911:United Kingdom 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5642: 5640: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5630: 5624: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5608: 5607: 5600: 5593: 5585: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5572: 5560: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5540: 5535: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5278: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5202: 5200: 5199: 5192: 5185: 5177: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5164: 5152: 5149: 5142: 5135: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5112: 5110: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5065: 5060: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5044: 5039: 5038: 5037: 5030: 5023: 5016:Naturalization 5013: 5012: 5011: 5006: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4969:Nordic Council 4966: 4961: 4959:European Union 4956: 4950: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4922:American Samoa 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4849: 4847: 4843: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4833:United Kingdom 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4739: 4737: 4736:Rest of Europe 4733: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4602:Czech Republic 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4573: 4571: 4564:European Union 4557: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4110: 4108: 4101: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4081:Western Sahara 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3871:Congo Republic 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3812: 3810: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3793: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3776: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3754: 3753:External links 3751: 3749: 3748: 3717: 3700:. 11 July 1956 3686: 3667:Seanad Éireann 3655: 3624: 3605:Seanad Éireann 3593: 3562: 3545:. 13 July 1955 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3522: 3481: 3456: 3435: 3414: 3392: 3378: 3361: 3336: 3281: 3256: 3250: 3233: 3219: 3184: 3149: 3108: 3075: 3069: 3044: 3011: 2970: 2964: 2951: 2921: 2888: 2860: 2856:j.ctt46n00f.12 2846: 2829: 2810: 2779: 2748: 2723: 2690: 2684: 2667: 2626: 2599: 2577: 2549:10.1086/386266 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2511: 2507:Forrester 2013 2499: 2466: 2446: 2434: 2404: 2389: 2377: 2365: 2325: 2313: 2280: 2268: 2256: 2244: 2242:, p. 317. 2232: 2220: 2208: 2196: 2184: 2172: 2160: 2148: 2118: 2106: 2094: 2058: 2025: 2013: 2001: 1989: 1956: 1944: 1932: 1917: 1905: 1893: 1891:, p. 406. 1878: 1876:, p. 401. 1866: 1854: 1852:, p. 862. 1842: 1840:, p. 508. 1830: 1818: 1816:, p. 861. 1806: 1804:, p. 282. 1794: 1782: 1770: 1768:, p. 388. 1755: 1743: 1731: 1719: 1717:, p. 386. 1707: 1705:, p. 552. 1695: 1683: 1681:, p. 522. 1671: 1669:, p. 526. 1659: 1657:, p. 392. 1644: 1629: 1617: 1615:, p. 397. 1605: 1593: 1581: 1569: 1557: 1545: 1533: 1521: 1509: 1507:, p. 205. 1497: 1495:, p. 391. 1485: 1473: 1461: 1449: 1437: 1425: 1413: 1401: 1389: 1377: 1365: 1353: 1341: 1329: 1327:, p. 236. 1317: 1305: 1293: 1281: 1269: 1257: 1245: 1233: 1218: 1188: 1173: 1160: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1135: 1132: 1101: 1100: 1094: 1088: 1082: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1044: 1041: 1024: 1021: 1007:Bryan MacMahon 986: 985:Naturalisation 983: 956: 953: 951: 948: 889: 886: 862: 859: 815:Treaty of Rome 807:European Union 792: 789: 779: 776: 713: 710: 689: 686: 671: 668: 622: 619: 561:issued in 1927 537: 534: 506:British Empire 502:naturalisation 459:Tudor conquest 428: 425: 417: 414: 388: 385: 349:naturalisation 294: 293: 286: 285: 277: 276: 270: 269: 266: 262: 261: 258: 257:Second reading 254: 253: 250: 246: 245: 243:Seanad Éireann 238: 237: 234: 228: 227: 224: 222:Second reading 218: 217: 214: 208: 207: 198: 194: 193: 190: 183: 182: 175: 174: 170: 169: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 141:Seanad Éireann 138: 134: 133: 130: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 113: 112: 107: 101: 99: 95: 94: 91:No. 26 of 1956 87: 83: 82: 80: 79: 76: 66: 65: 64: 61: 60: 54: 53: 45: 44: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6115: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6073: 6063: 6061: 6051: 6047: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5635: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5606: 5601: 5599: 5594: 5592: 5587: 5586: 5583: 5571: 5570: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5264:United States 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5205: 5198: 5193: 5191: 5186: 5184: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5163: 5162: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5146:Schengen Area 5143: 5140: 5137: 5136: 5133: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5107: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5095:Statelessness 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5049: 5043: 5040: 5036: 5035: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5027:Ius sanguinis 5024: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5001: 5000: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4990: 4980: 4979:African Union 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4947:organizations 4945:International 4943: 4937: 4934: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4918:United States 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4844: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4734: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4662:Liechtenstein 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4569:Schengen Area 4565: 4561: 4558: 4554: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4232:United States 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4105: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3931:Guinea-Bissau 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3789: 3784: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3770: 3769: 3766: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3743: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3669:. 5 July 1956 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3654: 3650: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3607:. 16 May 1956 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3421: 3417: 3415:92-9079-616-2 3411: 3407: 3400: 3399: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3156: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2965:0-7146-8298-5 2961: 2957: 2952: 2937: 2933: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2765: 2761: 2754: 2749: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2508: 2503: 2500: 2487: 2483: 2482: 2477: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2447: 2444:, p. 15. 2443: 2438: 2435: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2402:, p. 14. 2401: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2366: 2350: 2346: 2339: 2335: 2329: 2326: 2323:, p. 10. 2322: 2317: 2314: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2149: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2107: 2104:, p. 52. 2103: 2098: 2095: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2062: 2059: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2029: 2026: 2023:, p. 12. 2022: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2005: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1990: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1967: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1802:Mansergh 1952 1798: 1795: 1791: 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