549:
576:
665:
31:
525:
607:
259:
638:
275:
437:
684:
228:. Animals and humans can obtain the necessary iron from foods that contain it in assimilable form, such as meat. Other organisms must obtain their iron from the environment. However, iron tends to form highly insoluble iron(III) oxides/hydroxides in aerobic (
476:
Iron(II) is a d center, meaning that the metal has six "valence" electrons in the 3d orbital shell. The number and type of ligands bound to iron(II) determine how these electrons arrange themselves. With so-called "strong field ligands" such as
444:
Iron(II) is found in many minerals and solids. Examples include the sulfide and oxide, FeS and FeO. These formulas are deceptively simple because these sulfides and oxides are often
255:
In contrast to iron(III) aquo complexes, iron(II) aquo complexes are soluble in water near neutral pH. Ferrous iron is however oxidized by the oxygen in air, converting to iron(III).
248:
that form soluble complexes with iron(III), that can be reabsorbed into the cell. (The other plants instead encourage the growth around their roots of certain bacteria that
575:
548:
606:
954:
767:
855:
637:
880:
802:
664:
842:. Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Vol. 10 (Second ed.). Elsevier. pp. 437–473.
949:
365:
of hydrogen peroxide to create two different oxygen-radical species, with water (H + OH) as a byproduct.
428:
generated by this process engage in secondary reactions, which can degrade many organic and biochemical compounds.
137:, although more precise descriptions include other ligands such as water and halides. Iron(III) centres occur in
683:
303:
896:
Tang, Zhongmin; Zhao, Peiran; Wang, Han; Liu, Yanyan; Bu, Wenbo (2021). "Biomedicine Meets Fenton
Chemistry".
722:
161:
771:
138:
310:
768:"Iron integral to the development of life on Earth – and the possibility of life on other planets"
921:
838:
Petsch, S.T. (2014). "10.11 - The Global Oxygen Cycle". In
Holland, H.D.; Turekian, K.K. (eds.).
362:
353:. Iron(III) is then reduced back to iron(II) by another molecule of hydrogen peroxide, forming a
30:
513:
is paramagnetic. It is high-spin. With chloride, iron(III) forms tetrahedral complexes, e.g.
913:
876:
851:
798:
445:
317:
283:
86:
905:
843:
822:
737:
670:
643:
554:
524:
342:
262:
184:
126:
66:
59:
440:
Iron(II) oxide (ferrous oxide), FeO, is a very complicated material that contains iron(II).
581:
350:
258:
233:
196:
493:
has no unpaired electrons. It is low-spin. With so-called "weak field ligands" such as
847:
731:
716:
206:
944:
938:
925:
358:
346:
817:
H. Marschner and V. Römheld (1994): "Strategies of plants for acquisition of iron".
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482:
425:
354:
287:
145:
17:
725: – Recyclable materials left over from manufactured products after their use
909:
747:
690:
647:
585:
245:
241:
528:
d-orbital splitting scheme for low- and high spin octahedral Fe(II) complexes.
453:
274:
218:
214:
210:
118:
448:. For example, "ferrous sulfide" can refer to the 1:1 species (mineral name
612:
457:
436:
338:
165:
103:
51:
917:
719: – Mechanism by which materials form into and are attracted to magnets
460:("lode stone") is a mixed-valence compound with both Fe(II) and Fe(III), Fe
674:
449:
321:
237:
108:
826:
478:
202:
157:
710:
229:
225:
221:. In many of these proteins, Fe(II) converts reversibly to Fe(III)
130:
98:
309:
The aquo ligands on iron(II) complexes are labile. It reacts with
523:
494:
435:
316:
When metallic iron (oxidation state 0) is placed in a solution of
273:
257:
249:
142:
113:
29:
62:
734: – Inorganic compound with the formula FeO (ferrous oxide)
713: – The element iron in its +3 oxidation state — compounds
244:
can thrive in such environments by secreting compounds called
205:
in living beings contain iron(III) centers. Examples of such
750: – Process for producing steel from iron ore and scrap
727:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
742:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
497:, the four of the six electrons are unpaired. Thus
875:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
793:Berg, Jeremy Mark; Lippard, Stephen J. (1994).
320:, iron(II) chloride is formed, with release of
81:is often used to specify such compounds, as in
797:. Sausalito, Calif: University Science Books.
129:(salts), such an atom may occur as a separate
337:Iron(II) is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to
8:
252:iron(III) to the more soluble iron(II).)
224:Insufficient iron in the human diet causes
201:All known forms of life require iron. Many
160:ligands are bound the metal centre; or, in
106:salts, containing the cation Fe. The word
27:The element iron in its +2 oxidation state
452:) or a host of Fe-deficient derivatives (
521:. Tetrahedral complexes are high spin.
516:
508:
504:
488:
330:
297:
293:
178:
174:
170:
151:
92:
37:
871:Earnshaw, A.; Greenwood, N. N. (1997).
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544:
821:, volume 165, issue 2, pages 261–274.
313:to give the blue iron(II) derivative:
7:
795:Principles of bioinorganic chemistry
395:
367:
282:Typically iron(II) salts, like the "
615:, Ferrous phosphate octahydrate, Fe
481:, the six electrons pair up. Thus
187:anions are bound to the Fe centre.
848:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00811-1
432:Iron(II) minerals and other solids
25:
682:
663:
636:
605:
574:
547:
34:Iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate,
133:(positive ion) abbreviated as
1:
955:Chemical compounds by element
232:) environment, especially in
644:Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate
349:in the process. This is the
270:Iron(II) salts and complexes
910:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00977
555:Ferrous nitrate hexahydrate
971:
194:
873:Chemistry of the elements
740: – chemical compound
582:Ferrous oxalate dihydrate
539:Selected Fe(II) compounds
840:Treatise on Geochemistry
304:ferrous ammonium sulfate
162:organometallic compounds
723:Ferrous metal recycling
529:
441:
361:. The net effect is a
279:
266:
139:coordination complexes
117:
47:
527:
439:
324:gas, by the reaction
277:
261:
33:
772:University of Oxford
112:is derived from the
102:is used instead for
329:Fe + 2 H → Fe + H
311:1,10-phenanthroline
278:Redox reaction of .
191:Iron(II) in biology
950:Iron(II) compounds
827:10.1007/BF00008069
689:Ferrous silicate,
530:
442:
363:disproportionation
290:with the formulas
280:
267:
122:, meaning "iron".
48:
18:Iron(II) compounds
857:978-0-08-095975-7
774:. 7 December 2021
744:(ferrous bromide)
446:nonstoichiometric
422:
421:
394:
393:
318:hydrochloric acid
141:, such as in the
96:). The adjective
87:iron(II) chloride
16:(Redirected from
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930:
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898:Chemical Reviews
893:
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886:
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861:
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728:
686:
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640:
609:
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551:
520:
512:
492:
456:). The mineral
416:
396:
388:
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343:hydroxyl radical
333:
301:
263:Pourbaix diagram
234:calcareous soils
185:cyclopentadienyl
182:
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83:ferrous chloride
69:. The adjective
45:
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671:Ferrous sulfide
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351:Fenton reaction
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265:of aqueous iron
207:metalloproteins
199:
197:Iron metabolism
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127:ionic compounds
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67:oxidation state
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819:Plant and Soil
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732:Iron(II) oxide
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717:Ferromagnetism
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473:
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407:→ Fe + HOO + H
404:
400:
392:
391:
382:
380:
379:→ Fe + HO + OH
376:
372:
357:radical and a
335:
334:
302:, as found in
288:aquo complexes
271:
268:
195:Main article:
192:
189:
164:, such as the
75:or the prefix
58:refers to the
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26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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3:
2:
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882:0-7506-3365-4
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804:0-935702-73-3
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426:free radicals
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348:
347:hydroxide ion
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788:
776:. Retrieved
762:
499:aquo complex
483:ferrocyanide
475:
443:
423:
412:
384:
355:hydroperoxyl
341:, forming a
336:
315:
308:
281:
254:
246:siderophores
223:
200:
183:, where two
156:, where six
146:ferrocyanide
134:
124:
107:
97:
82:
77:
76:
71:
70:
55:
49:
748:Steelmaking
691:Ferrosilite
648:Melanterite
586:Humboldtine
487:[Fe(CN)
219:cytochromes
150:[Fe(CN)
939:Categories
755:References
454:pyrrhotite
230:oxygenated
217:, and the
215:ferredoxin
211:hemoglobin
65:in its +2
926:231712587
613:Vivianite
515:[FeCl
503:[Fe(H
458:magnetite
339:iron(III)
292:[Fe(H
169:[Fe(C
166:ferrocene
104:iron(III)
52:chemistry
918:33492935
705:See also
675:Troilite
450:troilite
322:hydrogen
284:chloride
238:Bacteria
209:include
203:proteins
56:iron(II)
40:·4H
693:, FeSiO
557:, Fe(NO
533:Gallery
479:cyanide
472:Bonding
242:grasses
158:cyanide
109:ferrous
72:ferrous
60:element
924:
916:
879:
854:
801:
711:Ferric
650:, FeSO
399:Fe + H
371:Fe + H
359:proton
345:and a
286:" are
250:reduce
226:anemia
131:cation
119:ferrum
99:ferric
78:ferro-
922:S2CID
778:9 May
677:, FeS
588:, FeC
495:water
143:anion
116:word
114:Latin
945:Iron
914:PMID
877:ISBN
852:ISBN
799:ISBN
780:2022
424:The
240:and
91:FeCl
85:for
63:iron
36:FeCl
906:doi
902:121
844:doi
823:doi
654:·7H
627:·8H
619:(PO
596:·2H
565:·6H
306:.
125:In
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600:O
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592:O
590:2
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509:6
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387:1
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375:O
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298:6
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175:5
173:H
171:2
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