59:
686:
1498:
337:
957:
433:
471:
Iron obtained from iron preparation is eliminated from the body in a similar manner as dietary iron. Iron is mostly conserved and recycled in the body with minimal loss. A very limited loss is estimated to be approximately 1 mg/day, mainly by sweating and epithelial cell exfoliation on the skin,
648:. It binds iron and other metal ions with the chelator and is eliminated through the urine. Supportive care may also be necessary for patients with breathing difficulty and GI upset, by offering
195:- an iron transporter in the blood circulation. The raised in transferrin level carried to the bone marrow cells stimulates RBC production, facilitating oxygen transportation in the bloodstream.
300:
process and diet. The most significant factor regulating iron uptake is the amount of iron present in the body. Iron absorption increases with sufficient iron storage and vice versa. Increased
610:
develops again 2 to 5 days after iron ingestion, in association with severe organ dysfunction involving mainly the liver, heart, and brain. Sudden onset of severe hepatic failure, with
2004:
2693:
Gutteridge, J. M. C.; Rowley, D. A.; Griffiths, E.; Halliwell, B. (1985). "Low-molecular-weight iron complexes and oxygen radical reactions in idiopathic haemochromatosis".
524:
for iron storage. These iron regulatory proteins prevent the accumulation of toxic cytosolic iron, maintaining a balance between uptake and storage of cellular iron.
273:
After absorption, the iron from preparation becomes part of the iron pool in the body. Upon stimulation, the reduction of iron storage Fe3+ in the enterocyte to Fe2+
587:
The second stage is relatively stable, with improved consciousness. The decrease in plasma iron level due to cellular uptake creates a false sense of security.
58:
539:-bound plasma iron(NTBI).  In the worst case, high cellular iron concentration accelerates non-transferrin iron uptake, leading to accumulation of NTBI .
266:(HCP1) has been suggested to transport heme iron into the enterocyte, but has later been proven to have a much higher affinity in the transportation of
359:. The complex is composed of a polynuclear Fe3+ hydroxide core with a surrounding carbohydrate shell. In the body, the iron complex behaves like a
621:
The fourth stage is rarely seen as limited cases of iron poisoning can survive the third stage. Patients surviving stage 3 are likely to develop
685:
531:, the protective mechanism is insufficient to limit the cytosolic iron concentration. The massive iron loading fails to match the capacity of
644:
electrolyte solution to flush out excess iron in the GI tract. In serious cases, iron chelation may be needed by intravenous injection, like
93:
Different dosage forms of iron preparation have different absorption mechanisms. Iron in oral iron preparations is absorbed in the gut via
1519:, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical. Iron sucrose is given by slow intravenous injection or intravenous infusion. For
101:
and released to the bloodstream. Iron in parenteral iron preparation needs to be released by the cleavage of the surrounding complex by
1651:
Haem iron polypeptide is available in oral and parenteral dosage form. Oral formulation is used in both prophylaxis and treatment of
127:. The process of iron toxicity is divided into four clinical stages, which are gastrointestinal damage, improvement in condition,
580:
of the upper intestine, leading to breakage of intestinal mucosal barrier and blood loss. Moreover, development of NTBI leads to
2866:
2069:
Breuer, William; Epsztejn, Silvina; Ioav
Cabantchik, Z. (1996). "Dynamics of the cytosolic chelatable iron pool of K562 cells".
400:
is temporarily stored in the macrophages as part of the iron pool in the body. Upon stimulation, iron can be transported out as
308:
of iron varies greatly, ranging from less than 1% to greater than 50%. Uptake of iron can be enhanced by dietary heme iron and
2765:“Iron Preparations, Oral” AHFS Drug Information Essentials. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2021.
2117:"Mitochondrial membrane ghosts produced by lipid peroxidation induced by ferrous ion. II. Composition and enzymatic activity"
572:
The first stage is the initial stage of excess iron in intestinal system and circulation. High iron concentration causes
387:
348:
236:
172:
2654:"Uptake of non-transferrin-bound iron by both reductive and nonreductive processes is modulated by intracellular iron"
2593:
Fairbanks, V. F., et al. (1999) "Modern
Nutrition in Health and Disease." Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Hagerstown.
682:
In 2018, it was the 94th most commonly prescribed drug in the United States, with over eight million prescriptions.
2819:“Iron Dextran” AHFS Drug Information Essentials. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2021.
2801:“Iron Sucrose” AHFS Drug Information Essentials. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2021.
371:
595:
209:
386:
provides an acidic and reducing environment for iron complex cleavage. Fe2+ released is then transported by the
2238:
Mann, K. V.; Picciotti, M. A.; Spevack, T. A.; Durbin, D. R. (June 1989). "Management of acute iron overdose".
2783:“Ferrous Furmarate” Martindale: the Complete Drug Reference, by Sean C. Sweetman, Pharmaceutical Press, 2020.
2774:“Ferrous Gluconate” Martindale: the Complete Drug Reference, by Sean C. Sweetman, Pharmaceutical Press, 2020.
2831:“Haem Derivatives” Martindale: the Complete Drug Reference, by Sean C. Sweetman, Pharmaceutical Press, 2020.
2474:
Centers for
Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (16 January 1998). "Human rabies--Texas and New Jersey, 1997".
547:
501:
497:
262:, and Fe2+ enters the enterocyte cytosolic iron pool. However, the uptake mechanism is not well-understood.
120:
52:
2727:“Ferrous Sulfate” Martindale: the Complete Drug Reference, by Sean C. Sweetman, Pharmaceutical Press, 2020.
1969:
Danielson, Bo G. (December 2004). "Structure, chemistry, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous iron agents".
1760:
1516:
649:
637:
559:
477:
263:
176:
144:
136:
1268:
available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name
1194:
available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name
1072:
available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name
864:
available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name
2810:“Iron Dextran” Martindale: the Complete Drug Reference, by Sean C. Sweetman, Pharmaceutical Press, 2020.
2792:“Iron Sucrose” Martindale: the Complete Drug Reference, by Sean C. Sweetman, Pharmaceutical Press, 2020.
1998:
1851:
513:
232:
106:
71:
48:
105:. After reaching the bloodstream, it becomes a part of the endogenous iron pool and establishes normal
2900:
2739:, Sean P.K.. “Ferrous Sulfate.” Ferrous Sulfate - Drug Usage Statistics, ClinCalc DrugStats Database.
581:
641:
473:
293:
44:
2867:"DailyMed - TRIFERIC- ferric pyrophosphate solution TRIFERIC- ferric pyrophosphate citrate powder"
2634:
2416:
2296:
2094:
1942:
615:
213:
168:
128:
1911:
Hentze, Matthias W.; Muckenthaler, Martina U.; Galy, Bruno; Camaschella, Clara (July 9, 2010).
2710:
2675:
2626:
2576:
2532:
2483:
2456:
2375:
2337:
2288:
2247:
2217:
2173:
2138:
2086:
2051:
1986:
1934:
943:
653:
622:
543:
493:
94:
83:
36:
2702:
2665:
2616:
2566:
2522:
2514:
2448:
2406:
2367:
2327:
2278:
2207:
2165:
2128:
2078:
2041:
2031:
1978:
1924:
1898:, Nguyen, M. (2021) “Iron Supplementation.” StatPearls ., U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1080:
98:
40:
20:
1846:
1652:
1580:
1509:
1368:
1280:
1084:
947:
673:
669:
305:
132:
32:
2395:"Ferroportin in Erythrocytes: Importance for Iron Homeostasis and its Role in Infection"
2371:
2842:
2527:
2502:
2452:
2212:
2195:
2046:
2019:
1982:
1856:
1497:
566:
456:
440:
413:
301:
297:
255:
164:
160:
67:
2736:
2670:
2653:
2169:
2133:
2116:
535:
for storage. The high concentration of iron emerges into the bloodstream as toxic non-
2895:
2889:
2621:
2604:
2420:
2265:
Latunde-Dada, Gladys O.; Takeuchi, Ken; Simpson, Robert J.; McKie, Andrew T. (2006).
2082:
1520:
1276:
599:
590:
The third stage is the most dangerous phase due to intracellular iron toxicity. Iron
528:
112:
2638:
2300:
2267:"Haem carrier protein 1 (HCP1): Expression and functional studies in cultured cells"
2098:
1946:
336:
288:
The gastrointestinal (GI) absorption process depends on many factors, including the
243:
cytoplasm, either transported into bloodstream by the basolateral transport protein
2316:"When is a Heme Transporter Not a Heme Transporter? When It's a Folate Transporter"
1576:
1505:
645:
611:
555:
509:
356:
352:
2283:
2266:
2194:
Stein, M.; Blayney, D.; Feit, T.; Goergen, T. G.; Micik, S.; Nyhan, W. L. (1976).
2652:
Randell, E. W.; Parkes, J. G.; Olivieri, N. F.; Templeton, D. M. (10 June 1994).
2605:"Biologically relevant metal ion-dependent hydroxyl radical generation an update"
2518:
2036:
1895:
956:
607:
594:
the mitochondrial inner membrane, resulting in peroxidative damage and upset of
536:
517:
460:
409:
405:
401:
375:
367:
344:
317:
289:
282:
278:
274:
244:
192:
184:
102:
79:
24:
2332:
2315:
1929:
1912:
277:
allows the passage of iron through the cell membrane for export. In the blood,
2411:
2394:
1756:
603:
577:
432:
240:
124:
87:
1875:
2571:
2554:
633:
591:
505:
379:
309:
171:. The transportation of non-heme iron across the apical membrane is through
148:
115:
is a fatal medical condition. Due to the saturation of iron-binding protein
2580:
2536:
2341:
2292:
2177:
2055:
1990:
1938:
632:
Treatment of iron overdose includes gastrointestinal (GI) decontamination,
2714:
2679:
2630:
2487:
2460:
2439:
Bothwell, Thomas H. (2009). "Overview and
Mechanisms of Iron Regulation".
2379:
2251:
2221:
2142:
2090:
496:
in the body. Excessive amount of iron leads to production of high dose of
1579:
is given by injection and should be used only in the treatment of proven
1524:
1367:
Polysaccharide iron complex is used in both prophylaxis and treatment of
626:
573:
532:
521:
492:, iron is responsible for conversion of reduced forms of O2 into harmful
489:
421:
397:
391:
383:
325:
248:
228:
188:
180:
140:
116:
75:
360:
321:
313:
179:(HCP1) in the small intestine. Iron is then incorporated and stored as
2706:
542:
NTBI is cytotoxic due to its ability to promote the formation of free
270:. The absorption of heme iron is 2–3 times faster than non-heme iron.
1655:
1583:
1512:
1371:
1283:
1087:
950:
676:
444:
267:
28:
2737:
Ferrous
Sulfate - Drug Usage Statistics, ClinCalc DrugStats Database
224:
220:
1496:
955:
684:
551:
417:
363:, releasing the iron from the Fe3+ hydroxide core via metabolism.
2020:"The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Iron Preparations"
480:. For women, menstrual bleeding is another route for iron loss.
452:
448:
259:
2358:
Hallberg, L. (1981). "Bioavailability of dietary iron in man".
1226:
150 mg (50 mg iron) with
Docusate Sodium 100 mg*
640:
can be performed with large amounts of an osmotically balanced
347:
iron is administered directly to the bloodstream, in a form of
1242:
150 mg (50 mg iron) with
Docusate Sodium 100 mg
565:
Other than the mechanism of toxicity, four clinical stages of
191:
is then converted into an absorbable form of Fe2+ to bind to
304:
also stimulates iron absorption in the gut. Therefore, oral
2553:
Hunt, Janet R.; Zito, Carol Ann; Johnson, Luann K. (2009).
390:(DMT1) to the macrophage cytoplasm and incorporated into
1913:"Two to tango: regulation of Mammalian iron metabolism"
602:
is hampered, leading to cellular dysfunction, and even
455:
molecule is formed by the attachment of an Fe2+ ion to
2156:
Covey, Thomas J. (1964). "Ferrous sulfate poisoning".
1891:
1889:
1523:
patients, it may be given into the venous limb of the
2503:"Heme and erythropoieis: More than a structural role"
672:
is widely used for both prophylaxis and treatment of
520:
for the transport and import of iron into cells, and
512:
conditions. Therefore, regulation of iron level with
1586:
where oral therapy is ineffective or impracticable.
107:
human iron distribution, metabolism, and elimination
2501:Chiabrando, D.; Mercurio, S.; Tolosano, E. (2014).
946:is indicated for both prophylaxis and treatment of
167:(RBC) production and oxygen transportation in the
2003:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1634:equivalent to 50 mg of elemental iron per mL
1618:equivalent to 50 mg of elemental iron per mL
1559:equivalent to 20 mg of elemental iron per mL
2603:Halliwell, Barry; Gutteridge, John M.C. (1992).
366:After the iron complex reaches the bloodstream,
2353:
2351:
2115:McKnight, R. C.; Hunter, F. E. (25 June 1966).
2555:"Body iron excretion by healthy men and women"
119:, iron in the plasma becomes toxic, promoting
86:, iron forms a complex with heme proteins for
2434:
2432:
2430:
1971:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
1279:is used in both prophylaxis and treatment of
1083:is used in both prophylaxis and treatment of
235:(Dcyt b). Reduced iron is then imported into
208:Non-heme and heme oral iron preparations are
151:are used in the treatment of iron poisoning.
8:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2548:
2546:
618:are likely to occur, causing fatal outcome.
2476:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1828:6.75 mg iron (III) per 4.5 mL solution
2559:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
1811:27.2 mg of iron (III) per 5 mL ampule
558:. Iron-loaded cells deplete mitochondrial
175:(DMT1) while that of heme iron is through
2669:
2620:
2570:
2526:
2410:
2331:
2282:
2233:
2231:
2211:
2132:
2045:
2035:
1928:
1229:Ferrous Fumarate with DSS® Timed Capsules
187:, increasing the iron stock in the body.
2189:
2187:
2110:
2108:
1765:
1738:equivalent to 350 mg hemin per vial
1722:equivalent to 25 mg of haem per mL*
1660:
1588:
1529:
1376:
1288:
1196:
1092:
963:
866:
692:
431:
335:
57:
2827:
2825:
1906:
1904:
1867:
1378:Polysaccirde-iron complex preparation
736:220 mg (44 mg iron) per 5 mL*
31:. Examples of iron preparation include
1996:
1239:Tablets, extended-release, film-coated
750:300 mg (60 mg iron) per 5 mL
219:Non-heme iron is present in a form of
1759:mainatence in hemodialysis-dependent
764:125 mg (25 mg iron) per mL*
70:. The action is regulated by various
7:
2018:Geisser, P.; Burckhardt, S. (2011).
1795:272 mg of iron (III) per packet
868:Ferrous sulfate, dried preparation
623:intestinal strictures or obstruction
550:Such damage results in swelling and
428:Role of iron in hemoglobin synthesis
408:in the sites of action, such as the
2658:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2372:10.1146/annurev.nu.01.070181.001011
2121:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1662:Haem iron polypeptide preparation
374:will take up the stable complex by
258:catalyzes the release of Fe2+ from
2453:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1995.tb05480.x
2196:"Acute iron poisoning in children"
1983:10.1097/01.ASN.0000143814.49713.C5
508:and can lead to chronic and acute
14:
1767:Ferric pyrophosphate preparation
1755:Ferric pyrophosphate is used for
121:peroxidative mitochondrial damage
27:and treatment of iron-deficiency
1318:15 mg (of iron) per 1.25 mL
62:Early Iron Supplement for Anemia
2405:(Supplement_1): SCI-27–SCI-27.
2200:The Western Journal of Medicine
1198:Ferrous fumarate combinations
1137:324 mg (106 mg iron)*
1094:Ferrous furmarate preparation
965:Ferrous gluconate preparation
614:, coagulopathy, and aggravated
1876:"Iron supplementation - WikEM"
1464:100 mg (of iron) per 5 mL
1182:100 mg (33 mg iron)*
1166:350 mg (115 mg iron)
1152:325 mg (107 mg iron)
1062:325 mg (38 mg iron)*
1049:320 mg (37 mg iron)*
838:325 mg (65 mg iron)*
824:325 mg (65 mg iron)*
809:300 mg (60 mg iron)*
794:195 mg (39 mg iron)*
694:Ferrous sulfate preparations
584:and reduced consciousness.
1:
2671:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)33971-6
2284:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.11.048
2170:10.1016/S0022-3476(64)80265-1
2134:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)96529-4
1122:200 mg (66 mg iron)
1035:300 mg (35 mg iron)
1007:225 mg (27 mg iron)
926:160 mg (50 mg iron)
910:200 mg (65 mg iron)
896:190 mg (60 mg iron)
853:325 mg (65 mg iron)
562:content and die eventually .
340:Iron Sucrose Intravenous Drip
2622:10.1016/0014-5793(92)80911-Y
2519:10.3324/haematol.2013.091991
2083:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00190-1
2037:10.3390/pharmaceutics3010012
660:Examples of iron preparation
388:divalent metal transporter 1
237:divalent metal transporter 1
173:divalent metal transporter 1
82:. After transferring to the
66:Iron preparation stimulates
1792:Powder (for reconstitution)
1631:Injection, for IV or IM use
1363:Polysaccharide iron complex
1290:Carbonyl iron preparation
960:Ferrous Gluconate Structure
484:Iron toxicity and treatment
349:iron carbohydrate complexes
223:and undergoes reduction to
159:Iron supplements encourage
2917:
2360:Annual Review of Nutrition
2333:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.12.004
2314:Andrews, Nancy C. (2007).
1930:10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.028
1735:Injection, for IV infusion
1590:Iron dextran preparation
1556:Injection, for IV infusion
1531:Iron sucrose preparation
1508:is used for patients with
1223:Capsules, extended-release
841:Ferrous Sulfate Tablets EC
372:reticuloendothelial system
216:via different mechanisms.
2412:10.1182/blood-2019-121071
2158:The Journal of Pediatrics
1155:Ferrous Furmurate Tablets
1038:Ferrous Gluconate Tablets
1024:Ferrous Gluconate Tablets
923:Tablets, extended-release
596:oxidative phosphorylation
332:Parenteral administration
68:red blood cell production
43:. It can be administered
2393:Rouault, Tracey (2019).
753:Ferrous Sulfate Solution
414:red blood cell synthesis
285:to reach other tissues.
2572:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27439
1985:(inactive 2024-09-19).
1515:, including those with
856:Ferrous Sulfate Tablets
498:reactive oxygen species
420:as the storage form of
53:intramuscular injection
19:is the formulation for
1761:chronic kidney disease
1517:chronic kidney disease
1502:
1501:Iron Sucrose Structure
961:
835:Tablet, enteric-coated
739:Ferrous Sulfate Elixir
690:
689:Ferrous Sulfate Tablet
650:mechanical ventilation
638:Whole-bowel irrigation
569:has been classified
478:gastrointestinal tract
437:
341:
264:Haem carrier protein 1
177:heme carrier protein 1
145:Whole bowel irrigation
137:intestinal obstruction
63:
1896:Iron Supplementation.
1852:Human iron metabolism
1825:Injection, for IV use
1719:Injection, for IV use
1690:11 mg (of iron)*
1647:Haem iron polypeptide
1615:Injection, for IV use
1500:
1406:150 mg (of iron)
959:
688:
636:and supportive care.
516:is essential such as
514:iron-binding proteins
500:(ROS). High doses of
435:
339:
312:, while inhibited by
302:erythrocyte synthesis
281:is then converted to
233:duodenal cytochrome b
74:in the body, such as
72:iron-binding proteins
61:
49:intravenous injection
2871:dailymed.nlm.nih.gov
1751:Ferric pyrophosphate
1705:28 mg (of iron)
1480:50 mg (of iron)
1477:Tablets, film-coated
1350:15 mg (of iron)
1334:45 mg (of iron)
582:circulatory collapse
574:hemorrhagic necrosis
441:Hemoglobin synthesis
214:systemic circulation
2841:Medical, Rockwell.
2664:(23): 16046–16053.
1977:(Suppl 2): S93–98.
1768:
1663:
1591:
1532:
1379:
1291:
1245:Ferro-DSS® Caplets®
1199:
1095:
966:
869:
850:Tablet, film-coated
695:
642:polyethylene glycol
474:genitourinary tract
204:Oral administration
155:Mechanism of action
1766:
1661:
1589:
1530:
1503:
1377:
1289:
1197:
1143:US Pharmaceutical
1093:
964:
962:
867:
767:Fer-Gen-Sol® Drops
693:
691:
616:metabolic acidosis
438:
404:and oxidized into
342:
169:circulating system
129:metabolic acidosis
64:
2707:10.1042/cs0680463
2441:Nutrition Reviews
2277:(30): 6865–6870.
2240:Clinical Pharmacy
2127:(12): 2757–2765.
1838:
1837:
1834:Rockwell Medical
1817:Rockwell Medical
1801:Rockwell Medical
1748:
1747:
1696:Colorado Biolabs
1644:
1643:
1569:
1568:
1490:
1489:
1360:
1359:
1347:Tablets, chewable
1266:
1265:
1192:
1191:
1179:Tablets, chewable
1070:
1069:
944:Ferrous gluconate
939:Ferrous Gluconate
936:
935:
862:
861:
781:Fer-In-Sol® Drops
544:hydroxyl radicals
494:hydroxyl radicals
84:bone marrow cells
37:ferrous gluconate
2908:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2847:Rockwell Medical
2838:
2832:
2829:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2695:Clinical Science
2690:
2684:
2683:
2673:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2624:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2565:(6): 1792–1798.
2550:
2541:
2540:
2530:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2436:
2425:
2424:
2414:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2335:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2286:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2215:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2049:
2039:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2002:
1994:
1966:
1951:
1950:
1932:
1908:
1899:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1872:
1769:
1664:
1624:American Regent
1592:
1565:American Regent
1533:
1380:
1340:GlaxoSmithKline
1292:
1200:
1096:
1081:Ferrous fumarate
1076:Ferrous fumarate
967:
916:GlaxoSmithKline
870:
800:Schering-Plough
696:
378:. The fusion of
239:(DMT1) into the
199:Pharmacokinetics
99:carrier proteins
41:ferrous fumarate
21:iron supplements
17:Iron preparation
2916:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2875:
2873:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2851:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2438:
2437:
2428:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2320:Cell Metabolism
2313:
2312:
2308:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2017:
2016:
2012:
1995:
1968:
1967:
1954:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1894:
1887:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1847:Iron supplement
1843:
1753:
1653:iron-deficiency
1649:
1581:iron-deficiency
1574:
1510:iron-deficiency
1495:
1467:Niferex® Elixir
1369:iron-deficiency
1365:
1353:Icar® Pediatric
1337:Feosol® Caplets
1321:Icar® Pediatric
1281:iron-deficiency
1274:
1085:iron-deficiency
1078:
948:iron-deficiency
941:
674:iron-deficiency
670:Ferrous sulfate
667:
665:Ferrous sulfate
662:
656:respectively .
486:
469:
451:synthesis. The
430:
334:
306:bioavailability
254:For heme iron,
206:
201:
157:
133:hepatic failure
33:ferrous sulfate
12:
11:
5:
2914:
2912:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2858:
2833:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2785:
2776:
2767:
2741:
2729:
2720:
2701:(4): 463–467.
2685:
2644:
2615:(1): 108–112.
2595:
2586:
2542:
2513:(6): 973–983.
2493:
2466:
2447:(9): 237–245.
2426:
2385:
2347:
2306:
2257:
2246:(6): 428–440.
2227:
2206:(4): 289–297.
2183:
2164:(2): 218–226.
2148:
2104:
2077:(3): 304–308.
2061:
2010:
1952:
1900:
1885:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1857:Iron poisoning
1854:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:TRIFERIC ®AVNU
1829:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:Ferro-Sequels®
1257:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
998:
997:
995:
993:
991:
988:
984:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
940:
937:
934:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
901:
899:
897:
894:
891:
887:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
860:
859:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
844:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
829:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
813:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
785:
782:
779:
777:
775:
772:
771:
768:
765:
762:
760:
757:
756:
754:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
740:
737:
734:
731:
727:
726:
724:
722:
720:
717:
713:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
666:
663:
661:
658:
546:, one type of
485:
482:
468:
465:
457:protoporphyrin
429:
426:
333:
330:
298:erythropoiesis
256:heme oxygenase
205:
202:
200:
197:
165:red blood cell
161:erythropoiesis
156:
153:
113:Iron poisoning
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2913:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2848:
2844:
2837:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2507:Haematologica
2504:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2024:Pharmaceutics
2021:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1880:www.wikem.org
1877:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:Manufacturer
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1711:Breckenridge
1710:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1679:Manufacturer
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1646:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1607:Manufacturer
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1548:Manufacturer
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1521:haemodialysis
1518:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:Fe-Tinic® 150
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1412:Breckenridge
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:Manufacturer
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1362:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:Manufacturer
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:Carbonyl iron
1272:Carbonyl iron
1271:
1269:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:Manufacturer
1214:
1211:
1208:
1206:Dosage Fforms
1205:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1172:R&D Labs
1171:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:Manufacturer
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
994:
992:
989:
986:
985:
982:Manufacturer
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
968:
958:
954:
952:
949:
945:
938:
931:
928:
925:
922:
920:
919:
915:
912:
909:
906:
904:
903:
900:
898:
895:
892:
889:
888:
885:Manufacturer
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
871:
865:
858:
855:
852:
849:
847:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
832:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
819:
818:
815:Upsher-Smith
814:
811:
808:
806:
804:
803:
799:
796:
793:
790:
788:
787:
784:Mead Johnson
783:
780:
778:
776:
774:
773:
769:
766:
763:
761:
759:
758:
755:
752:
749:
747:
745:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
728:
725:
723:
721:
718:
715:
714:
711:Manufacturer
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
697:
687:
683:
680:
678:
675:
671:
664:
659:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
600:ATP synthesis
597:
593:
588:
585:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
567:iron toxicity
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
529:iron overdose
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
483:
481:
479:
475:
466:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
434:
427:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
338:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
296:, endogenous
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
250:
247:or stored as
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
203:
198:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
154:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
60:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
23:indicated in
22:
18:
2874:. Retrieved
2870:
2861:
2850:. Retrieved
2846:
2836:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2732:
2723:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2612:
2609:FEBS Letters
2608:
2598:
2589:
2562:
2558:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2444:
2440:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2363:
2359:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2274:
2271:FEBS Letters
2270:
2260:
2243:
2239:
2203:
2199:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2124:
2120:
2074:
2071:FEBS Letters
2070:
2064:
2030:(1): 12–33.
2027:
2023:
2013:
1999:cite journal
1974:
1970:
1923:(1): 24–38.
1920:
1916:
1879:
1870:
1789:Hemodialysis
1775:Dosage forms
1754:
1670:Dosage forms
1650:
1598:Dosage forms
1577:Iron dextran
1575:
1572:Iron dextran
1539:Dosage forms
1506:Iron sucrose
1504:
1493:Iron sucrose
1451:Niferex®-150
1386:Dosage Forms
1366:
1298:Dosage forms
1275:
1267:
1193:
1102:Dosage forms
1079:
1071:
973:Dosage forms
942:
876:Dosage forms
863:
702:Dosage forms
681:
668:
646:deferoxamine
631:
620:
612:hypoglycemia
589:
586:
571:
564:
556:mitochondria
541:
526:
510:inflammatory
488:As a strong
487:
470:
439:
396:
365:
357:iron sucrose
353:iron dextran
343:
287:
272:
253:
218:
207:
163:to increase
158:
111:
95:transporters
92:
65:
16:
15:
2901:Health care
2366:: 123–147.
1781:Brand names
1741:Panhematin®
1676:Brand names
1604:Brand names
1545:Brand names
1409:Ferrex®-150
1392:Brand names
1304:Brand Names
1212:Brand names
1169:Nephor-Fer®
1108:Brand names
979:Brand names
882:Brand Names
708:Brand names
654:rehydration
608:Hypotension
537:transferrin
518:transferrin
467:Elimination
461:bone marrow
410:bone marrow
406:transferrin
402:ferroportin
376:endocytosis
368:macrophages
345:Intravenous
318:polyphenols
290:dosage form
283:transferrin
279:ferroportin
275:ferroportin
245:ferroportin
193:transferrin
185:macrophages
103:macrophages
90:synthesis.
80:transferrin
25:prophylaxis
2890:Categories
2876:2021-08-18
2852:2021-08-18
2843:"TRIFERIC"
2482:(1): 1–5.
2326:(1): 5–6.
1863:References
1822:Parenteral
1814:TRIFERIC ®
1798:TRIFERIC ®
1763:patients.
1757:hemoglobin
1744:Recordati
1725:Normosang®
1716:Parenteral
1693:Proferrin®
1621:Dexferrum®
1612:Parenteral
1553:Parenteral
1315:Suspension
1262:Inverness
1248:Time-Caps
578:ulceration
443:comprises
436:Hemoglobin
416:or in the
351:, such as
241:enterocyte
125:cell death
88:hemoglobin
2421:209228716
1778:Strengths
1673:Strengths
1601:Strengths
1542:Strengths
1389:Strengths
1356:Hawthorn
1324:Hawthorn
1301:Strengths
1209:Strengths
1140:Hemocyte®
1105:Strengths
976:Strengths
932:Novartis
879:Strengths
797:Mol-Iron®
705:Strengths
634:chelation
592:catalyzes
506:cytotoxic
380:endosomes
310:vitamin C
212:into the
149:chelation
147:and iron
123:and thus
47:, and by
2639:12303655
2581:19386738
2537:24881043
2342:17189201
2301:34763873
2293:17156779
2178:14119521
2099:34841287
2056:24310424
1991:15585603
1947:23971474
1939:20603012
1841:See also
1808:Solution
1562:Venofer®
1525:dialyser
1486:Ther-Rx
1483:Niferex®
1470:Ther-Rx
1461:Solution
1454:Ther-Rx
1437:Hytinic®
1403:Capsules
1232:Vita-Rx
1185:Feostat®
1128:Kenwood
929:Slow FE®
893:Capsules
812:Feratab®
733:Solution
627:scarring
533:ferritin
522:ferritin
490:catalyst
422:ferritin
398:Ferritin
392:ferritin
384:lysosome
326:phytates
249:ferritin
229:duodenum
210:absorbed
189:Ferritin
181:ferritin
141:scarring
117:ferritin
76:ferritin
2715:2578915
2680:8206903
2631:1322323
2528:4040894
2488:9450721
2461:8577406
2380:6764713
2252:2663331
2222:1032228
2213:1237310
2143:4223691
2091:8605990
2047:3857035
1728:Orphan
1708:Duofer®
1640:Watson
1331:Tablets
1188:Forest
1119:Tablets
1010:Fergon®
1004:Tablets
913:Feosol®
907:Tablets
791:Tablets
625:due to
527:During
463:cells.
459:in the
370:of the
361:prodrug
322:tannins
314:calcium
227:in the
139:due to
2713:
2678:
2637:
2629:
2579:
2535:
2525:
2486:
2459:
2419:
2378:
2340:
2299:
2291:
2250:
2220:
2210:
2176:
2141:
2097:
2089:
2054:
2044:
1989:
1945:
1937:
1772:Routes
1687:Tablet
1667:Routes
1656:anemia
1637:INFeD®
1595:Routes
1584:anemia
1536:Routes
1513:anemia
1440:Hyrex
1426:Ethex
1383:Routes
1372:anemia
1295:Routes
1284:anemia
1203:Routes
1125:Ircon®
1099:Routes
1088:anemia
1013:Bayer
990:Powder
970:Routes
951:anemia
873:Routes
719:Powder
699:Routes
677:anemia
476:, and
445:globin
268:folate
135:, and
45:orally
39:, and
29:anemia
2635:S2CID
2417:S2CID
2399:Blood
2297:S2CID
2095:S2CID
1943:S2CID
770:Teva
604:death
552:lysis
418:liver
51:, or
2896:Iron
2711:PMID
2676:PMID
2627:PMID
2577:PMID
2533:PMID
2484:PMID
2457:PMID
2376:PMID
2338:PMID
2289:PMID
2248:PMID
2218:PMID
2174:PMID
2139:PMID
2087:PMID
2052:PMID
2005:link
1987:PMID
1935:PMID
1917:Cell
1684:Oral
1400:Oral
1312:Oral
1220:Oral
1116:Oral
1001:Oral
987:Bulk
890:Oral
730:Oral
716:Bulk
652:and
629:.
576:and
504:are
453:heme
449:heme
447:and
412:for
382:and
355:and
324:and
294:dose
260:heme
225:Fe2+
221:Fe3+
131:and
97:and
78:and
2703:doi
2666:doi
2662:269
2617:doi
2613:307
2567:doi
2523:PMC
2515:doi
2449:doi
2407:doi
2403:134
2368:doi
2328:doi
2279:doi
2275:580
2208:PMC
2204:125
2166:doi
2129:doi
2125:241
2079:doi
2075:382
2042:PMC
2032:doi
1979:doi
1925:doi
1921:142
560:ATP
554:of
548:ROS
502:ROS
231:by
183:in
2892::
2869:.
2845:.
2824:^
2744:^
2709:.
2699:68
2697:.
2674:.
2660:.
2656:.
2633:.
2625:.
2611:.
2607:.
2575:.
2563:89
2561:.
2557:.
2545:^
2531:.
2521:.
2511:99
2509:.
2505:.
2480:47
2478:.
2455:.
2445:53
2443:.
2429:^
2415:.
2401:.
2397:.
2374:.
2362:.
2350:^
2336:.
2322:.
2318:.
2295:.
2287:.
2273:.
2269:.
2242:.
2230:^
2216:.
2202:.
2198:.
2186:^
2172:.
2162:64
2160:.
2137:.
2123:.
2119:.
2107:^
2093:.
2085:.
2073:.
2050:.
2040:.
2026:.
2022:.
2001:}}
1997:{{
1975:15
1973:.
1955:^
1941:.
1933:.
1919:.
1915:.
1903:^
1888:^
1878:.
1658:.
1527:.
1374:.
1286:.
1090:.
953:.
679:.
606:.
598:.
424:.
394:.
328:.
320:,
316:,
292:,
251:.
143:.
109:.
55:.
35:,
2879:.
2855:.
2717:.
2705::
2682:.
2668::
2641:.
2619::
2583:.
2569::
2539:.
2517::
2490:.
2463:.
2451::
2423:.
2409::
2382:.
2370::
2364:1
2344:.
2330::
2324:5
2303:.
2281::
2254:.
2244:8
2224:.
2180:.
2168::
2145:.
2131::
2101:.
2081::
2058:.
2034::
2028:3
2007:)
1993:.
1981::
1949:.
1927::
1882:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
