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156:, the United States stopped exporting scrap metal to the UK. The government declared, in response, that all unnecessary metal, including railings and gates, was to be removed, melted down and utilised for the war effort. Many sets of iron railings in Britain were removed. Railings were usually cut off at the base; the stubs may still be seen outside many buildings in London and elsewhere where they have never been replaced. This was supposedly to provide scrap metal for munitions, but there is some scepticism as to whether they were actually used for this purpose.
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183:, hedging at road junctions and corners which could restrict visibility of approaching vehicles was replaced by black-and-white railings with a distinctive curved top. They are now characteristic of the area and are being restored where they have become dilapidated.
291:
171:, London, the site of railings that were removed during World War II. Acoustic sensors pick up the movement of pedestrians walking by and translate it into "the familiar sound produced by running a stick along an iron fence".
79:, which is of low ductility and quite brittle. Cast iron can also produce complicated shapes, but these are created through the use of moulds of compressed sand rather than hammering, which would be likely to damage the iron.
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119:
a pound. The total cost was £11,202 which was a fortune then. No further railings are known to have been cast in the Weald. Other early uses of cast iron railings were at
95:, who did not want a fence around the Cathedral at all, and said that if there had to be one it should be of wrought rather than cast iron. The set was made at
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was once the largest wrought iron fence manufacturer in the world. The factory supplied the decorative fences for the
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described their work as "miraculous". They made fine wrought iron railings for
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and durable and may be hammered into elaborate shapes when hot, or the cheaper
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576:(Public domain ed.). Sweet's Catalogue Service, Inc. 1913. pp. 498–
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and surrounded the cathedral, including seven gates. It weighed two hundred
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One of the earliest uses of cast iron railings in
England was in 1710–14 at
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made such railings in the 18th century and these are much admired —
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490:"Secret London: the mystery of London's World War II railings"
112:
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In 2012 artist
Catalina Pollak created an interactive sound
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Maxwell Ayrton, Arnold
Silcock (1929), "The Welsh Smiths",
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Chilean artist resurrects 'phantom railings' in London
631:. Emmis Communications. April 2003. pp. 135–.
425:, vol. 21 Surrey, Penguin Books, p. 363
600:. Emmis Communications. July 1991. p. 60.
133:may be used to construct ornate railings. The
8:
47:Passers-by look for the phantom railings in
551:, Northern Eye Books Limited, p. 123,
440:, Courier Dover Publications, p. 113,
342:The Penguin Dictionary of Decorative Arts.
573:Sweet's catalogue of building construction
475:"So What Really Happened to our Railings?"
39:Designs for decorative railings from 1771.
392:. Stroud: The History Press. p. 124.
367:
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363:
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229:
216:Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center
210:, as well as the entrance gates to the
7:
461:"The Lost Railings of the Crescent"
438:Wrought Iron and Its Decorative Use
204:British Embassy in Washington, D.C.
549:Walking Cheshire's Sandstone Trail
378:, 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
152:During the summer of 1941, during
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506:Roopa Suchak (11 October 2012),
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406:(1957), "Cast Iron: history",
1:
488:Peter Watts (17 April 2012),
421:N. Pevsner, I. Nairn (1962),
220:U.S. House of Representatives
145:and these may now be seen at
408:Metal Crafts in Architecture
376:Victoria & Albert Museum
303:Victoria & Albert Museum
91:, despite the objections of
689:
410:, I.B. Tauris, p. 101
388:Hodgkinson, J. S. (2008).
255:Charleston, South Carolina
135:Davies brothers of Wrexham
390:The Wealden Iron Industry
404:Gerald Kenneth Geerlings
125:St Martin-in-the-Fields
547:Tony Bowerman (2012),
121:Cambridge Senate House
52:
40:
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372:Railings M.209:1–1976
67:. This may either be
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38:
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528:Public Interventions
423:Buildings of England
299:St. Paul's Cathedral
169:Malet Street Gardens
628:Cincinnati Magazine
597:Cincinnati Magazine
196:Covington, Kentucky
89:St Paul's Cathedral
29:St Paul's Cathedral
673:Perimeter security
524:"Phantom Railings"
192:Stewart Iron Works
97:Gloucester Furnace
53:
41:
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16:Fence made of iron
239:Casa Juncadella,
179:In the county of
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463:. 23 April 2020.
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165:Phantom Railings
139:Nikolaus Pevsner
93:Christopher Wren
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668:Garden features
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297:Railings from
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558:9780955355714
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494:The Great Wen
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334:Fleming, John
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187:United States
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115:and cost six
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663:Metal fences
640:. Retrieved
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609:. Retrieved
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578:. Retrieved
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531:, retrieved
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284:Penarth Pier
222:and others.
200:Panama Canal
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161:installation
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154:World War II
151:
143:Stansty Park
131:Wrought iron
129:
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69:wrought iron
57:iron railing
56:
54:
49:Malet Street
27:railings at
25:wrought iron
642:8 September
611:6 September
580:6 September
338:Hugh Honour
212:White House
208:Taft Museum
147:Erddig Hall
101:Lamberhurst
71:, which is
657:Categories
533:19 October
354:0713909412
346:Allen Lane
322:References
218:, and the
127:, London.
637:0746-8210
606:0746-8210
340:. (1977)
241:Barcelona
103:, in the
77:cast iron
31:, London.
344:London:
316:Ironwork
310:See also
271:railings
269:Cheshire
181:Cheshire
175:Cheshire
63:made of
301:in the
226:Gallery
163:called
123:and at
83:History
73:ductile
635:
604:
555:
444:
352:
336:&
214:, the
206:, the
202:, the
512:, BBC
117:pence
105:Weald
61:fence
59:is a
644:2012
633:ISSN
613:2012
602:ISSN
582:2012
553:ISBN
535:2012
442:ISBN
350:ISBN
113:tons
109:Kent
65:iron
23:The
194:in
167:in
107:of
55:An
659::
526:,
492:,
374:,
360:^
149:.
99:,
646:.
615:.
584:.
477:.
51:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
