28:
110:
maintained unique features, characterized by an economy which depended heavily on agriculture and a society marked by enormous feudal power that was concentrated in both secular and ecclesiastical lords. In addition, Galicia was isolated from the rest of the kingdom due to its mountainous territory
296:
began a counter-campaign from
Portugal with the backing of other nobles, the kings of Castile and Portugal, and the armed forces of the archbishop of Santiago de Compostela. The nobles' army, which had better equipment, such as the latest
283:
destroyed about 130 castles and forts during the two years of war. The Lemos, Andrade, and
Moscoso families were the main targets of the rebels, who spared the ecclesiastical authorities. At the start of the war, the nobility fled to
351:.) Another powerful lord, Pedro Pardo de Cela, was executed and his lands incorporated into the royal domain. Finally, Ferdinand and Isabella extended the authority of the Santa Hermandad to Galicia and abolished any remnants of
252:). Leading the revolt were hidalgos. Pedro de Osório led the armies in central Galicia, especially the Compostela region. Alonso de Lanzós directed the war in the north of Galicia, and Diego de Lemos in the southern part of the
339:. The Catholic Monarchs also eliminated or neutralized the powerful lords. In particular, it is possible that they had Pedro Madruga—who remained grateful to the king of Portugal and, therefore, supported
331:
for the
Kingdom of Galicia that took over the dispensation of justice from local lords and placed it under the auspices of the Crown. They also ordered that none of the castles destroyed by the
153:.) Although ultimately unsuccessful, the rebels lay the groundwork for the incorporation of Galicia into the direct administrative control of the Spanish crown, which the
559:
564:
63:
470:
432:
127:, among others—held excessive power, with which they abused the general rural population. This resentment triggered two uprisings: the
512:
489:
549:
544:
336:
236:
Several years of bad crops and plagues provoked the popular revolt. According to testimony from trials after the revolt, the
67:
229:, and Lugo. During the war, the municipal councils became primary actors, giving the conflict the characteristics of a true
554:
111:
and geographical location, a situation which the
Galician nobility reinforced politically. These lords—the Osorios in
240:
counted some 80,000 troops. Several social classes participated in the organization and direction of the rebellion:
190:
70:
in Europe during the 14th and 15th centuries. Similar rebellions broke out in the
Hispanic Kingdoms, including the
574:
569:
594:
589:
584:
579:
379:. In past years up to 800 people have participated, making it the largest role-playing event in the world.
376:
186:
344:
31:
340:
335:
be rebuilt and had the
Galician monasteries placed under the authority of their respective Castilian
170:
261:
218:
289:
257:
107:
103:
51:
99:
275:
were the higher nobles, who had castles and forts, and the heads of the principal churches and
508:
485:
466:
428:
314:
222:
206:
154:
112:
372:
169:
was formed in 1431 on the estates of the lords of
Andrade in reaction to harsh treatment by
95:
83:
347:—murdered in 1486. (The other possibility, depending on the chronicle, is that he died of
253:
524:
327:
213:) broke out in 1467, but Alonso de Lanzós had begun forming a "general brotherhood" (
538:
501:
465:. Biblioteca de Escrituras Profanas, 18 (in Spanish). Vigo: Academia del Hispanismo.
305:
movement and defeated them. The leaders of the rebellion were arrested and executed.
293:
226:
150:
182:
364:
264:" in medieval Galicia, which portrayed the great lords as "evildoers," made the
194:
59:
120:
71:
348:
322:
276:
230:
145:
75:
55:
54:
against attempts by the regional nobility to maintain their rights over the
27:
313:
The
Irmandiño revolts paved the way for the centralization efforts of the
318:
298:
285:
174:
124:
17:
352:
241:
427:. Historia de los movimientos sociales. Madrid: Siglo XXI de España.
245:
197:, who died in the reprisals after the revolt was suppressed in 1435.
116:
244:, city dwellers, the lesser nobility, and even some members of the
233:
rather than just a revolt, as had occurred three decades earlier.
26:
178:
482:
Spain in the Middle Ages: From
Frontier to Empire, 1000–1500
62:. The revolts were also part of the larger phenomenon of
248:(some in the church hierarchy financially supported the
507:. Vol. 1. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
50:) were two revolts that took place in the 15th-century
463:
La violencia en la Edad Media: la rebelión irmandiña
343:
in her efforts to gain the crown of
Castile against
173:, "the Bad." The revolt broke out in Pontedeume and
523:
500:
425:Mentalidad justiciera de los irmandiños, siglo XV
260:. The presence of an "avenging and anti-lord
139:("Great Brotherhood War") of 1467–1469. (The
8:
530:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
217:) a few years earlier with the backing of
301:, took advantage of divisions within the
388:
68:general economic and demographic crises
64:popular revolts in late medieval Europe
560:Popular revolt in late-medieval Europe
143:here should not be confused with the
7:
317:two decades later. They appointed a
526:Approaches to the History of Spain
135:Brotherhood) of 1431–1435 and the
25:
484:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
177:and spread to the bishoprics of
565:History of agriculture in Spain
503:A History of Spain and Portugal
98:with the dynastic union of the
1:
157:were beginning to establish.
522:Vicens Vives, Jaime (1967).
193:of low status, Roi Xordo of
94:Despite being joined to the
611:
499:Payne, Stanley G. (1973).
363:Every year a large-scale
205:The Great Irmandiño War (
171:pt:Nuno Freire de Andrade
256:and in the north of the
550:15th-century rebellions
545:15th century in Castile
461:Devia, Cecilia (2009).
423:Barros, Carlos (1990).
369:"Irmandiños A Revolta,"
355:in the region in 1480.
225:of A Coruña, Betanzos,
137:Grande Guerra Irmandiña
480:MacKay, Angus (1977).
377:historical reenactment
210:
187:Santiago de Compostela
123:, and the Moscosos in
39:
359:Current commemoration
211:Gran Guerra Irmandiña
30:
395:Vicens Vives, 76–79.
167:Irmandade Fusquenlla
129:Irmandade Fusquenlla
555:Rebellions in Spain
404:Payne, vol. 1, 175.
371:is financed by the
258:Province of Ourense
72:War of the Remences
34:, destroyed by the
341:Xoana A Bertranaxa
223:municipal councils
189:. It was led by a
108:Kingdom of Galicia
52:Kingdom of Galicia
40:
472:978-84-96915-49-7
434:978-84-323-0678-5
315:Catholic Monarchs
155:Catholic Monarchs
119:, the Andrade in
113:Monforte de Lemos
44:Irmandiño revolts
32:Castle of Sandiás
16:(Redirected from
602:
531:
529:
518:
506:
495:
476:
448:
445:
439:
438:
420:
414:
413:MacKay, 176–177.
411:
405:
402:
396:
393:
373:Xunta de Galicia
254:Province of Lugo
100:Kingdoms of León
96:Crown of Castile
84:Balearic Islands
21:
610:
609:
605:
604:
603:
601:
600:
599:
575:1460s conflicts
570:1460s in Europe
535:
534:
521:
515:
498:
492:
479:
473:
460:
457:
452:
451:
446:
442:
435:
422:
421:
417:
412:
408:
403:
399:
394:
390:
385:
361:
325:and created an
323:captain general
311:
271:Opposed to the
268:Wars possible.
215:irmandade xeral
203:
163:
92:
82:revolts in the
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
608:
606:
598:
597:
595:1468 in Europe
592:
590:1467 in Europe
587:
585:1469 in Europe
582:
580:1466 in Europe
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
537:
536:
533:
532:
519:
513:
496:
490:
477:
471:
456:
453:
450:
449:
440:
433:
415:
406:
397:
387:
386:
384:
381:
360:
357:
310:
307:
292:, but in 1469
202:
199:
162:
159:
91:
88:
66:caused by the
48:Irmandiño Wars
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
607:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
540:
528:
527:
520:
516:
514:0-299-06270-8
510:
505:
504:
497:
493:
491:0-312-74978-3
487:
483:
478:
474:
468:
464:
459:
458:
454:
444:
441:
436:
430:
426:
419:
416:
410:
407:
401:
398:
392:
389:
382:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
358:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:
324:
320:
316:
308:
306:
304:
300:
295:
294:Pedro Madruga
291:
287:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
201:Second revolt
200:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
160:
158:
156:
152:
149:, who were a
148:
147:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
106:in 1037, the
105:
101:
97:
89:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
37:
33:
29:
19:
525:
502:
481:
462:
455:Bibliography
443:
424:
418:
409:
400:
391:
368:
365:role-playing
362:
332:
326:
312:
302:
280:
272:
270:
265:
249:
237:
235:
221:and various
214:
204:
166:
164:
161:First revolt
151:constabulary
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
93:
79:
47:
43:
41:
35:
447:Payne, 176.
375:to promote
277:monasteries
146:hermandades
60:bourgeoisie
539:Categories
383:References
349:carbuncles
333:Irmandiños
299:arquebuses
281:Irmandiños
273:Irmandiños
250:Irmandiños
238:Irmandiños
133:Fusquenlla
121:Pontedeume
90:Background
36:Irmandiños
328:audiencia
309:Aftermath
303:Irmandiño
266:Irmandiño
262:mentality
231:civil war
183:Mondoñedo
141:irmandade
76:Catalonia
56:peasantry
18:Irmandiño
345:Isabella
319:governor
286:Portugal
242:peasants
219:Henry IV
207:Galician
195:A Coruña
175:Betanzos
125:Vimianzo
78:and the
58:and the
367:event,
353:serfdom
290:Castile
288:or the
191:fidalgo
104:Castile
80:foráneo
38:in 1467
511:
488:
469:
431:
337:orders
279:. The
246:clergy
227:Ferrol
185:, and
117:Sarria
131:(the
509:ISBN
486:ISBN
467:ISBN
429:ISBN
179:Lugo
165:The
115:and
102:and
46:(or
42:The
74:in
541::
209::
181:,
86:.
517:.
494:.
475:.
437:.
321:-
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
