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by
Christopher J. Bell and Ernest L. Lundelius Jr., Anthony D. Barnosky, Russell W. Graham, Everett H. Lindsay, Dennis R. Ruez Jr., Holmes A. Semken Jr., S. David Webb, and Richard J. Zakrzewski. January 2004 in the book: Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and
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433:"Extinction of North American Cuvieronius (Mammalia: Proboscidea: Gomphotheriidae) driven by dietary resource competition with sympatric mammoths and mastodons"
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south of 55° N in North
America, and the beginning of the succeeding Rancholabrean is defined by the first appearance of
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Geochronology. Chapter: 7. Publisher: Columbia
University Press; Editors: Michael O. Woodburne. pp274-276
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University of
California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences
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North
American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology
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The beginning of the
Irvingtonian is defined by the first appearance of
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472:(1951) Late Cenozoic vertebrates of the San Francisco Bay region,
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Smith, Gregory James; DeSantis, Larisa R. G. (February 2020).
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chronology (NALMA), spanning from 1.8 million – 250,000 years
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47:, the Irvingtonian is usually considered to overlap the
98:
In South
America, it chronologically overlaps with the
79:Irvingtonian III - approximately 0.4 MA TO 0.25 MA
76:Irvingtonian II - approximately 0.85 MA TO 0.4 MA
73:Irvingtonian I - approximately 1.9 MA TO 0.85 MA
39:. Named after an assemblage of fossils from the
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487:"Irvingtonian North American Land Mammal Age"
8:
55:epochs. The Irvingtonian is preceded by the
21:Irvingtonian North American Land Mammal Age
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690:Pleistocene animals of North America
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112:South American Land Mammal Ages
33:North American Land Mammal Ages
1:
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255:, horses - may belong in
27:is the North American
695:Pleistocene California
138:- even-toed ungulates
238:- odd-toed ungulates
195:, saber-toothed cats
173:, bone-crushing dogs
59:and followed by the
45:Fremont, California
685:Middle Pleistocene
449:10.1017/pab.2020.7
359:- diurnal raptors
53:Middle Pleistocene
41:Irvington District
25:geologic timescale
680:Calabrian (stage)
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573:Pleistocene Epoch
560:Quaternary Period
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203:, lynxes, bobcats
49:Lower Pleistocene
31:according to the
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675:Pleistocene life
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193:Machairodontinae
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332:Charadriiformes
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186:Chasmaporthetes
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129:Notable mammals
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298:, gomphotheres
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287:Rhynchotherium
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235:Perissodactyla
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374:Passeriformes
368:sp., a falcon
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356:Falconiformes
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326:Notable birds
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295:Stegomastodon
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220:- lagomorphs
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164:- carnivores
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152:Titanotylopus
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61:Rancholabrean
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670:Irvingtonian
619:Greenlandian
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495:. Retrieved
493:. 2017-03-28
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470:Savage, D.E.
465:
443:(1): 41–57.
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437:Paleobiology
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313:Paenemarmota
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274:Elephantidae
269:- elephants
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135:Artiodactyla
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29:faunal stage
20:
18:
644:Subatlantic
282:, mastodons
266:Proboscidea
147:, peccaries
102:(partial),
664:Categories
609:Meghalayan
497:2020-04-24
476:28:215-314
402:References
340:scolopacid
307:- rodents
280:Mammutidae
276:, mammoths
217:Lagomorpha
170:Borophagus
144:Platygonus
639:Subboreal
624:Preboreal
457:0094-8373
384:(archaic
348:turnstone
342:(archaic
252:Plesippus
244:Nannippus
229:, rabbits
226:Hypolagus
161:Carnivora
104:Ensenadan
86:Mammuthus
634:Atlantic
380:unknown
344:calidrid
338:unknown
304:Rodentia
247:, horses
189:, hyenas
181:, wolves
155:, camels
108:Lujanian
66:stages.
211:, bears
57:Blancan
23:on the
629:Boreal
593:Middle
455:
392:
386:magpie
382:corvid
106:, and
100:Uquian
588:Early
365:Falco
258:Equus
208:Ursus
178:Canis
118:Fauna
92:Bison
64:NALMA
598:Late
453:ISSN
200:Lynx
51:and
19:The
445:doi
346:or
110:in
43:of
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506:^
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451:.
441:46
439:.
435:.
410:^
388:?)
350:?)
114:.
95:.
37:BP
552:e
545:t
538:v
500:.
459:.
447::
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