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Malabon, and
Zambales. His father Elias died in 1883, thus allowing him to visit his feminist mother for the first time in around 14 years. Before his mother Leona passed away a year later due to tuberculoses, Isabelo, who was around aged 20 at the time, reconnected ties with her as mother and son. Leona died on October 4, 1884 and was buried in her hometown of Vigan. Her progressive ideals and feminist literary works were given recognition a decade later internationally, and a century later in her home country where a statue was built in her honor in Vigan's main street of
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September 14, 1936, two years before his death, as attested by some of his Roman
Catholic daughters, although the authenticity of the so-called metanoia was vehemently contested by other family members asserting that de los Reyes no longer had full control of his faculties that time due to deteriorating health and old age. It is still debated whether he retracted his Aglipayan beliefs and died a Catholic up to this day. He had both funeral blessings from
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1044:), which he held until 1901. In this capacity, de los Reyes helped rally Filipino support against the Americans, thinking that this would create conditions favorable to the Philippines. He believed that once the Americans were repelled, they would be granted autonomy, and should Spain renege, then the already armed Filipinos could take matters to their own hands. He had received assurances from the governor-general
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766:. Despite the limited time they had, Leona had made a solid impact and influence towards Isabelo, which led to her son's successful career in literature, as well as his progressing views towards democracy, Philippine sovereignty, and equality by the era's standards, which later on marshalled to his support for Philippine revolution as an adult.
631:); their harsh discipline made him a lifelong critic of friars. De los Reyes was a free spirit and chafed against seminary life. Once, he led a student strike against the friars to protest the maltreatment of students. His stay in the Vigan Seminary helped him develop a fascination for legends, music, songs, and Ilocano traditions.
1235:, who was in exile at the time. Details are unclear whether de los Reyes met with Ricarte in Yokohama or in Hong Kong, although it was certain that a meeting took place between the two in Manila. De los Reyes relayed to him the Philippine situation and tried to dissuade him from resuming hostilities with the US.
1194:, stating that the statute "was not in line with current American thinking on the subject" and was given the condition that he would henceforth shy away from labor organizations. While in prison, de los Reyes tendered his resignation from the UOD on September 14, 1902, and was later replaced by Dominador Gómez.
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In 1905, de los Reyes once again left for Spain where he stayed until 1909. During this time, he worked as a juror in
Barcelona until 1908. He also went back to mend relations with his wife, María Ángeles López Montero, who repeatedly urged him to stay away from politics. During his stay in Spain, he
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and is recognized as the "mother of
Philippine women's literature" and a pioneer in Philippine lesbian literature. De los Reyes may have been distantly related to Ventura de los Reyes, a creole merchant who was the first Philippine delegate to the Spanish Cortes through his father's side. He may also
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of
Malabon. Shortly after, the couple started a pawnshop, which failed. They also opened a bookstore, which similarly failed because de los Reyes "refused to sell the good ones". Eventually, they were able to build a modest fortune as a commercial agent of rice, tobacco, indigo, and other products.
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calling readers to contribute folklore articles, inspired by interest in the subject in the peninsula. De los Reyes was urged by del Pan to contribute and gave him books on the subject that piqued his interest. Two months later, de los Reyes submitted his articles concerning the folklore of Ilocos,
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De los Reyes suffered a stroke which left him paralyzed and bedridden on June 5, 1929. He retired from politics after a short stint as appointive vice mayor of Manila from 1930 to 1931. He devoted his time to compiling
Aglipayan texts and largely slipped out of public notice. A frail de los Reyes'
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As conceived by de los Reyes, the UOD's aim was to "achieve the longed-for alliance between capital and labor" by bringing together workers and employers in a spirit of friendship, mutual respect, and recognized interdependence. De los Reyes also wished to enlighten the masses as a prerequisite to
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Enough of Rome! Let us now form without vacillation our own congregation, a
Filipino Church, conserving all that is good in the Roman Church and eliminating all the deceptions which the diabolical astuteness of the cunning Romanists had introduced to corrupt the moral purity and sacredness of the
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De los Reyes also met and married María Lim, a mestiza de sangley from Tondo. They married in the independent
Aglipayan Church, which de los Reyes had helped found. She would eventually die in childbirth in 1923. As she was dying, she asked de los Reyes that they be married in the Roman Catholic
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De los Reyes died on
October 10, 1938, in a Manila hospital leaving behind 15 of his remaining and surviving children. A legal battle between his children regarding his custody ensued during the last years of his life. De los Reyes executed a document of retraction from his Aglipayan faith on
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as a way to "improve themselves and learn the life of cultured peoples". He had observed that workers in Europe had clubs and cafes where they could read newspapers and discuss current events, and wished to emulate that in the
Philippines. De los Reyes also published the UOD's official organ,
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During his time in Montjuïc, de los Reyes read works by anarchists and syndicalists who influenced his thought. A sympathetic guard supplied him with anarchist books and newspapers. De los Reyes also met Ramon Sempau, a Spanish poet-journalist who left an impression on de los Reyes.
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not just as a book for legends and fables, but eventually as "a general archive at the service of all sciences", expanding his definition of "folklore" to include "popular knowledge relevant to all sciences", including sections on religion, customs, literature, and articles on
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Elías and his children shunned Leona away from the family due to her progressive feminist and pro-equality ideals, which were viewed negatively under the Spanish colonial patriarchy. This left Isabelo without a mother as Elías entrusted his six-year-old son to the care of Don
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was published in 1889 in two volumes. De los Reyes' interest in folklore continued. He collected materials, wrote for periodicals, and issued an open letter calling on readers to collect, publish, and organize a folklore society, which did not materialize. De los Reyes wrote
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in the 1920s, he settled into private life and religious writing. De los Reyes wrote on diverse topics in history, folklore, language, politics, and religion. He had a total of 27 children with three successive wives from getting widowed each time; he survived all his wives.
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of the Church for 25 years, also widely known as the "Father of Ecumenism in the Philippines". His daughters Ángeles, Elisa, and Elvira also from his second marriage, along with Crescencia from his third marriage, became professed nuns in the Roman Catholic Church.
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pointed out that the friars sowed the seeds of colonial revolt in the Philippines. De los Reyes' wife, Josefa, died while he was in prison. When his son, Jose, broke the news to him, de los Reyes wept unabashedly. He was permitted to attend his wife's funeral.
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On his return, de los Reyes quickly set about to launching several initiatives that he already had in mind while still in Spain. On October 25, 1901, ten days after he returned to Manila, he sought authority from the Philippine Commission to publish his
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Throughout his life, Isabelo de los Reyes wrote and published multiple works in various subjects, such as history, folklore, politics, and religion. He used Spanish, Tagalog, and Ilokano in his writings. De los Reyes also published multiple newspapers.
1523:. They married in the independent Aglipayan Church. They also had several children before María also died in childbirth in 1923. Before her death, she had asked that they be married according to the Roman Catholic rite, to which de los Reyes agreed.
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of 1896 began, multiple personalities suspected of being a part of it were arrested by the Spanish government. One of these people was de los Reyes, who at the time, openly advocated reforms, and if necessary, "take up arms against the tyrants".
1078:'s surrender, de los Reyes was repatriated to Manila on July 1, 1901. Given guarantees by the American consul in Barcelona that he will not be harassed upon his arrival in the Philippines, he left Spain on September 14 aboard the steamer
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During his time in Madrid, he was taken in by Doña Justa Jugo Vidal and met with other Filipinos to discuss the Philippine situation. He also met Señorita María Ángeles López Montero and married her on Christmas Eve in 1898. He published
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De los Reyes returned to Manila on April 3, 1909, with Lopez, however she could not adjust to the climate. After a few months, he brought her to Tokyo to recuperate. Lopez died on February 10, 1910, while giving birth to twin daughters.
1107:, which was also denied. He wanted to push for a party that would push for independence within the framework of US occupation. Eventually, Poblete persistently managed to form the short-lived Partido Nacionalista (predecessor of the
623:, a wealthy relative who was also a writer in the vernacular. Crisólogo was married to Felipa Florentino, sister to Leona. Beluco, as he was called in his youth, was enrolled in a grammar school attached to the local seminary run by
1451:. He also turned his residence into a temporary seminary. In 1929, de los Reyes was appointed an honorary bishop, a position he held until his death. In this capacity, he wrote multiple devotional and doctrinal texts such as the
1428:, though neither of these events bore fruit. Aglipay initially dissociated himself from the schism, before realizing the futility of staying outside it. In September 1902, he accepted de los Reyes' offer for the position of
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Mojares, Resil (2006). Brains of the nation : Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes, and the production of modern knowledge. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 9789715504966. OCLC
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in Madrid to convey the Aguinaldo government's desire for the Holy See to send a delegate to look into the conditions of the Philippines. However, de los Reyes discerned that the Holy See was more inclined to listen to the
1190:. On August 17, 1902, he was arrested on the trumped-up charge that he gave orders to assassinate scabs in a strike at the Commercial Tobacco Factory. De los Reyes was eventually released on January 30, 1903, by Governor
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1306:. As senator, he brokered projects, appointments, and other forms of patronage for his constituents. He was known for crying out "Enough of this nonsense!" whenever he was exasperated with debates on the Senate floor.
1530:(1900–1971), a son from his second marriage with Lopez and whom he shares the same death day with at October 10, although baptized Roman Catholic, was ordained an Aglipayan priest and later became
606:. His mother, of mixed Spanish and Filipino descent and forced in marriage at the age of 14, is recognized as the first significant female poet of the Philippines for her works in both Spanish and
1287:. As board member, he worked on social welfare ordinances, pushed for "Filipinization" of the civil service, and filed resolutions urging immediate and absolute independence of the Philippines.
1005:, and other socialist thinkers. He also joined protest actions and was imprisoned for a short time by police authorities. He was released and was forced to relocate from Barcelona to Madrid.
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De los Reyes spent this time mediating in labor disputes and other union-organizing activities. The press at this time called him a "Malay Lerroux" and compared him to Spanish labor leader
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Albeit an anti-friar, de los Reyes was a very religious person. De los Reyes was involved with the secular Filipino clergy as early as 1899, when he became a part of negotiations with the
529:, which was proclaimed in 1902. He is popularly known today as the "Father of Philippine Folklore", the "Father of the Philippine Labor Movement", and the "Father of Filipino Socialism".
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De los Reyes left the Philippines in February 1903 for a vacation, going to Japan and Hong Kong. He also sought to continue his translation of the bible and to oversee its printing in
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De los Reyes was pardoned on May 17, the King's birthday, but was arrested again shortly after complaining about the injustice of his arrest and reminding the governor-general of the
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1067:(Against the Americans, no; against Imperialism, yes, until death!) It ran for 86 issues between October 25, 1899, and June 10, 1901. After closing, it briefly reappeared as
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After leaving the UOD, de los Reyes tried to patch up internal rivalries within the organization but ultimately failed. The UOD was dissolved and in its place was the
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After his release in 1898, de los Reyes was barred from leaving Spain and became a drifter in Barcelona. It was during this time that he came to know radicals such as
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and other members of the Carmelo and Bauermann publishing house approached de los Reyes to seek advice in forming a cooperative store for rice and other staples. The
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was particularly familiar to union organizers. The UOD was the first labor union federation in the Philippines, soon being joined by neighborhood associations from
830:(1890). These and other works won him a measure of recognition as a scholar. By 1889, he was listed as a corresponding or honorary member of societies such as the
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lasted for seven years. By 1893, de los Reyes was able to acquire his own printing press, which he set up in the basement of his house in Binondo and called
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On his return to the Philippines in 1901, de los Reyes campaigned for the establishment of a Filipino Church independent from the authority of the
869:. Proud of his provincial origins, he boasted that the press parts were fabricated by Vigan artisans and he hired Ilocanos as printshop personnel.
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regarding autonomy, and together with other Filipinos in Spain, offered to return to the Philippines to organize militias to fight the Americans.
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patriot, politician, writer, journalist, and labor activist in the 19th and 20th centuries. He was the original founder and proclaimer of the
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With his own family spanning Roman Catholic and Aglipayan traditions, de los Reyes was tolerant of religious diversity among his children.
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In tandem with party building, de los Reyes also set about organizing a workers' movement in the Philippines. In 1901 to 1902,
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Brains of the nation : Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes, and the production of modern knowledge
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In 1884, de los Reyes was married to Josefa Hizon Sevilla, his first wife. Sevilla was the daughter of Gregorio Sevilla, the
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Beginning his campaign for the senate in 1921, in 1922, de los Reyes won a Senate seat in an election serving alongside
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In late December 1898, he married María Ángeles López Montero (the daughter of a retired Spanish infantry colonel) in
1436:) and subsequently got consecrated to episcopacy and in turn, also consecrated some other bishops for the new church.
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when his reports began to appear too liberal. His reputation as an independent-minded writer was such that in 1887,
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2014:, an article from Firefly - Filipino Short Stories (Tulikärpänen - filippiiniläisiä novelleja), 2001 / 2007.
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De los Reyes was married and widowed three times, siring a total of 27 children. He survived all his wives.
1443:, traveled all over the country to rally people to the new church. He also directed the Church publications
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While studying in the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, he supplemented his allowance by taking to journalism,
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In 1884, at the age of 20, de los Reyes married Josefa Sevilla, the daughter of Gregorio Sevilla, the
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De los Reyes, who was also later excommunicated formally by the Roman Catholic Church as a schismatic
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for the Katipunan's printing press, and he later claimed that he made a financial contribution to the
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1499:. He and his wife had ten children. His wife died of illness in 1897 while he was in Bilibid prison.
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930:, he offered to give Nakpil a thousand pesos to purchase revolvers from someone on board the steamer
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and other papers. On November 10, 1898, as Spain's loss of the Philippines became imminent, he and
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through a Chinese tax collector married to both Rizal's grandmother and de los Reyes' grand-aunt.
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Filipino patriot, politician, writer, activist, and founder of the Philippine Independent Church
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As a teenager, de los Reyes had been intrigued by the growing interest in the "new science" of
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In 1887, at the age of 23, del Pan compiled de los Reyes' articles and submitted them to the
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De Achútegui, Pedro S. (1971). "Bishop Isabelo de los Reyes Jr.: An Ecumenical Tribute".
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He wrote critically of the Spanish and American colonial governments in the Philippines.
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1365:. On January 22, 1899, de los Reyes, representing the "Committee of Paris", visited the
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2124:"FULL TEXT: Bishop Antonio's homily during Mass for Vigan Seminary's 200th anniversary"
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1404:(Philippine Independent Church or also known as the Aglipayan Church) was formed, with
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The Isabelo de los Reyes Elementary School in Tondo, Manila was named after his honor.
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Ilocos by contributing to the enlightenment of her children, defending her interests."
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at the Funeraria Nacional, Manila and then according to Roman Catholic rites at the
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884:(1894), a short-lived Spanish-Tagalog magazine devoted to colonial jurisprudence.
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In 1912 at the age of 48, de los Reyes was elected a board member (councilor) of
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hired him as a foil for their ultra-conservative staff writer, Camilo Millan.
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During this time, de los Reyes published in rapid succession multiple works:
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Union Democratica de Litografos, Impresores, Encuadernadores y Otros Obreros
1095:, which was refused. On October 31, he appeared before the commission, with
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in the country in 1902. He also was active in seeking independence from the
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1111:), which de los Reyes had also joined. He was eventually named its leader.
2178:"Isabelo de los Reyes – National Historical Commission of the Philippines"
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Komunista : the genesis of the Philippine Communist Party, 1902–1935
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De los Reyes' last marriage in 1912 was to the 18-year-old María Lim, a
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914:, however, he denied all of this. De los Reyes, however, sold types to
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Gregorio Aglipay y otros prelados de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente
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University of the Philippines School of Labor and Industrial Relations
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Gregorio Aglipay y otros prelados de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente
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and L.R. Yangco Shipping Company; and trade associations of printers,
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Contra Norte-America, no; contra el imperialismo, sí, hasta la muerte!
880:(1890–1892), a Tagalog biweekly joint venture with Jose de Jesus, and
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priest from the Roman Catholic Church, as its proposed head (albeit
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for six months, before being released as part of the terms of the
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Isabelo Valentin "Beluco" L. de los Reyes Jr., son of Isabelo Sr.
1131:(UOD) on February 2, 1902. De los Reyes was its first president.
849:, said to be the first newspaper written solely in a Philippine
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the Gospels of the New Testament and the Acts of the Apostles.
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Returning to the Philippines in 1901, de los Reyes founded the
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Members of the Senate of the Philippines from the 1st district
757:). On March 25, 1884, Jose Felipe Del Pan wrote an article in
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in 1944, on order of his son, Isabelo Jr. However, after the
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De los Reyes was arrested on February 12, 1897, and taken to
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De los Reyes took home with him works by socialists such as
2393:"Ang Singsing nang Dalagang Marmol by Isabelo De Los Reyes"
2267:. ADVOCATES for HERITAGE PRESERVATION (AHP). Archived from
2098:"ISABELO DE LOS REYES Father of the Philippine Socialism"
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In 1886, de los Reyes worked as Manila correspondent for
544:. He later became a journalist, editor, and publisher in
922:. De los Reyes also claimed that while he declined when
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before being transferred to the former location of the
1506:, also in a Roman Catholic ceremony. She died in 1910
1082:. De los Reyes arrived in Manila on October 15, 1901.
945:. The document was addressed to the Governor-General,
1071:, which ran monthly from July 1 to October 1, 1901.
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Communism in the Philippines : An Introduction
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La Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Revista Catolica
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La Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Revista Catolica
961:that he sent. De los Reyes was deported aboard the
949:and was meant to gain sympathy for the rebels. His
505:(July 7, 1864 – October 10, 1938), was a prominent
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1103:to seek permission to form a political party, the
2183:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
1332:Iglesia Filipina Independiente National Cathedral
1269:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
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685:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
1310:last foray into politics was when he ran in the
1036:, de los Reyes was employed as Counselor of the
799:revolts, and local miracles of the Virgin Mary.
455:Politician, labor leader, lay leader, theologian
2368:"Isabelo de los Reyes: Anthropologist-at-large"
1122:was thus formed, which came to be known as the
638:without his uncle's consent, where he finished
44: and the second or maternal family name is
1416:). At the time, Aglipay was in talks with the
1051:De los Reyes wrote anti-American articles for
876:, de los Reyes also published the periodicals
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2042:"New comic book challenges Maria Clara image"
1784:""Sukimátem": Isabelo de los Reyes Revisited"
1648:Las Islas Visayas en la epoca de la conquista
1174:modern nationhood. In this end, he organized
832:Imperial y Real Sociedad Geografica de Vienna
820:Las Islas Visayas en la epoca de la conquista
8:
2723:Members of the Philippine Independent Church
2678:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
2308:(8th ed.). Quezon City : Garotech Pub.
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2096:Ilocos Sur, Province of (January 16, 2014).
1633:La expedicion de Li-Ma-Hong contra Filipinas
1592:Boletin de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente
1445:Boletin de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente
997:, and others. He began reading the works of
235:January 1, 1930 – December 31, 1931
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699:as well as writing for periodicals such as
660:. It was in Santo Tomas where he first met
2638:Senators of the 6th Philippine Legislature
2633:Senators of the 7th Philippine Legislature
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1989:"Isabelo de los Reyes", Senators' Profiles
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1346:of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente in
1326:. His body was initially interred at the
771:Exposición General de las Islas Filipinas
538:Exposicion General de las Islas Filipinas
2091:
2089:
2087:
2005:The History of Filipino Women's Writings
1482:
853:. De los Reyes declared that he founded
840:Sociedad Española de Geografia Comercial
634:In 1880 at age 16, de los Reyes went to
190:August 7, 1907 – August 7, 1911
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1816:
1814:
1763:
2468:Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes
2431:Works by or about Isabelo de los Reyes
2052:from the original on February 27, 2017
2040:Baraoidan, Kimmy (February 27, 2017).
1394:. On August 3, 1902, with the help of
965:in June 1897, and was interred at the
1312:1935 Philippine legislative elections
1223:Japan, Hong Kong, and return to Spain
499:Isabelo de los Reyes Sr. y Florentino
471:Proclaiming the establishment of the
7:
2728:Filipino Christian religious leaders
2718:Burials at the Manila North Cemetery
2623:Colegio de San Juan de Letran alumni
1668:Memoria de agravios de los Filipinos
1042:Consejero del Ministerio de Ultramar
943:Memoria de agravios de los Filipinos
904:. He was charged with membership in
337:Captaincy General of the Philippines
2668:Filipino writers of bilingual works
2186:. September 6, 2012. Archived from
1144:Propaganda socialista fra contadini
937:In Bilibid, de los Reyes wrote his
1398:and other members of the UOD, the
1211:while contributing to papers like
25:
2226:Ateneo de Manila University Press
1953:Ateneo de Manila University Press
1827:Ateneo de Manila University Press
1370:Giuseppe Francica-Nava de Bontifè
1015:British and Foreign Bible Society
590:Isabelo de los Reyes was born to
548:, and was imprisoned in 1897 for
316:Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino
2628:University of Santo Tomas alumni
2447:
2024:Writing Lesbian, Lesbian writing
1678:La Religion Antigua de Filipinas
1614:of de los Reyes situated at the
1249:La Religion Antigua de Filipinas
1063:, which had the editorial logo:
867:Imprenta de Isabelo de los Reyes
611:have been a "distant cousin" of
2046:The Alternative Online Magazine
1699:Ang Singsing ng Dalagang Marmol
1176:veladas instructivo-recreativas
473:Philippine Independent Church (
18:Isabelo Florentino de los Reyes
2648:Nacionalista Party politicians
2304:History of the Filipino people
2257:Odulio, Menie (June 6, 2015).
1401:Iglesia Filipina Independiente
1267:Portrait of de los Reyes at a
1200:Unión del Trabajo de Filipinas
836:Academia Indo-China de Francia
715:. In November 1882, his work,
512:Iglesia Filipina Independiente
475:Iglesia Filipina Independiente
1:
2440:Works by Isabelo de los Reyes
2422:Works by Isabelo de los Reyes
2395:. Filipiniana. Archived from
1357:Philippine Independent Church
646:Colegio de San Juan de Letran
442:Colegio de San Juan de Letran
76:Philippine Independent Church
1738:Genesis Cientifico y Moderno
1469:Genesis Cientifico y Moderno
1324:San Sebastian Church, Manila
939:Memorial sobre la revolution
679:in honor of de los Reyes in
656:at the Pontifical and Royal
525:in history in the form of a
36:, the first or paternal
2683:Filipinos imprisoned abroad
2643:Manila City Council members
2502:Vicente Singson Encarnación
2477:Miguel de Benavides Library
2446:(public domain audiobooks)
2259:"Isabelo de los Reyes tomb"
1663:Memoria sobre la revolution
1053:La Correspondencia de Epaña
826:(1889), and the two-volume
668:Early career and journalism
422:Elias de los Reyes (father)
401:María Ángeles López Montero
366:María Clara Parish Church,
139:Vicente Singson Encarnacion
2749:
2703:Filipino newspaper editors
2509:Senator of the Philippines
1603:Scholarly works and essays
1291:rite, to which he agreed.
1162:; company guilds from the
941:, which initially was the
727:and garnered him a prize.
594:and Elías de los Reyes in
515:, the first-ever Filipino
94:Senator of the Philippines
31:
2577:
2562:
2552:
2547:
2537:
2506:
2498:
2493:Senate of the Philippines
2491:
1782:Bragado, Erlinda (2002).
1344:María Clara Parish Church
1304:First Senatorial District
1138:, Proudhon, Bakunin, and
1086:Return to the Philippines
1011:La Religion del Katipunan
658:University of Santo Tomas
552:. He was deported to the
492:
446:University of Santo Tomas
411:27, including Isabelo Jr.
302:
279:
228:
183:
164:
104:
81:
69:
60:
2713:19th-century journalists
2693:Filipino trade unionists
2688:Labor in the Philippines
2658:Tagalog-language writers
2220:Richardson, Jim (2011).
1748:He also translated into
1582:El Defensor de Filipinas
1528:Isabelo de los Reyes Jr.
1377:. De los Reyes wrote in
1128:Union Obrera Democratica
1069:El Defensor de Filipinas
1038:Ministry of the Colonies
947:Fernando Primo de Rivera
586:Early life and education
550:revolutionary activities
274:Union Obrera Democratica
1947:Mojares, Resil (2006).
1821:Saulo, Alfredo (2002).
1587:La Redencion del Obrero
1181:La Redencion del Obrero
577:. After serving in the
357:Philippine Commonwealth
74:Honorary Bishop of the
2483:Province of Ilocos Sur
2010:July 20, 2011, at the
1673:Kalendariong Maanghang
1623:
1510:to their ninth child.
1488:
1388:
1386:doctrines of Christ...
1276:
1124:labor union federation
999:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
926:asked him to join the
888:Imprisonment and exile
738:, but was replaced by
688:
159:Manila Municipal Board
2479:'s Digital Collection
2026:(Cruz, Jhoanna Lynn,
1743:Calendario Aglipayano
1702:(circa 1905), a novel
1653:Historia de Filipinas
1628:El Folk-lore Filipino
1610:
1577:Filipinas ante Europa
1572:El Municipio Filipino
1486:
1473:Calendario Aglipayano
1392:Roman Catholic Church
1383:
1379:Filipinas Ante Europa
1328:Manila North Cemetery
1266:
1259:Later years and death
1093:Defensor de Filipinas
1061:Filipinas ante Europa
894:Philippine Revolution
882:El Minicipio Filipino
824:Historia de Filipinas
779:El Folk-lore Filipino
675:
113:Serving with
2698:Filipino journalists
2673:Filipino translators
2271:on November 25, 2022
1247:. He also published
1239:wrote texts such as
1209:Redencion del Obrero
1105:Partido Nacionalista
1034:Spanish–American War
1032:At the onset of the
975:Pact of Biak-na-Bato
178:Vice Mayor of Manila
55:Isabelo de los Reyes
2708:Filipino socialists
2190:on February 9, 2017
1479:Marriage and family
1302:, to represent the
1203:, headed by writer
1192:William Howard Taft
857:to "serve beloved
845:In 1889 he founded
759:La Oceania Filipina
621:Marcelino Crisólogo
2653:Filipino novelists
2556:Ramón J. Fernández
2548:Political offices
2520:Served alongside:
2485:, Official Website
2456:Historia de Ilocos
2340:Philippine Studies
2298:Agoncillo, Teodoro
1792:Philippine Studies
1693:Sing sing ni Diego
1689:Mariquit the Tramp
1684:Novels and stories
1658:Historia de Ilocos
1624:
1567:La Lectura Popular
1544:Works and writings
1516:mestiza de sangley
1508:while giving birth
1489:
1396:Pascual H. Poblete
1277:
1164:San Miguel Brewery
1109:Nacionalista Party
1101:Pascual H. Poblete
878:La Lectura Popular
828:Historia de Ilocos
709:La Revista Popular
697:La Oceana Española
689:
641:Bachiller en Artes
629:Seminario de Vigan
527:nationalist church
463:Writer, journalist
368:Santa Cruz, Manila
211:Ramón J. Fernández
2613:People from Vigan
2591:
2590:
2578:Succeeded by
2538:Succeeded by
2534:
2527:
2523:Santiago Fonacier
2518:1922–1928
2426:Project Gutenberg
2399:on March 11, 2011
2366:Aghamtao (2013).
1348:Sta. Cruz, Manila
1298:, and later with
1296:Santiago Fonacier
1116:Hermenegildo Cruz
995:Alejandro Lerroux
734:, a newspaper in
723:was published in
717:La expedicion de
677:Historical marker
579:Philippine Senate
496:
495:
272:President of the
127:
119:
115:Santiago Fonacier
16:(Redirected from
2740:
2559:Juan Posadas Jr.
2553:Preceded by
2532:
2525:
2499:Preceded by
2489:
2451:
2450:
2435:Internet Archive
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2389:
2383:
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2200:
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2197:
2195:
2174:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2133:. August 8, 2022
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2100:. Archived from
2093:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2037:
2031:
2021:
2015:
2002:
1991:
1986:
1975:
1974:
1944:
1849:
1848:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1788:
1779:
1643:Articulos Varios
1533:Obispo Máximo IV
1406:Gregorio Aglipay
1320:Gregorio Aglipay
1314:, losing badly.
1285:Union Reformista
1273:Baliuag, Bulacan
1217:Grito del Pueblo
1140:Errico Malatesta
1046:Basilio Augustín
991:Francisco Ferrer
907:La Liga Filipina
816:Articulos Varios
751:El saber popular
740:Wenceslao Retana
725:Diario de Manila
721:contra Filipinas
701:Diario de Manila
662:Gregorio Aglipay
602:and baptized as
592:Leona Florentino
554:Kingdom of Spain
501:, also known as
426:Leona Florentino
349:
346:October 10, 1938
325:
323:
307:Personal details
293:
284:
262:
255:Juan Posadas Jr.
252:
242:
233:
219:
207:
197:
188:
169:
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135:
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109:
86:
65:
51:
21:
2748:
2747:
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2741:
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2738:
2737:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2585:Jorge B. Vargas
2583:
2574:
2572:
2560:
2558:
2543:
2530:Elpidio Quirino
2528:
2519:
2517:
2504:
2448:
2418:
2413:
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2400:
2391:
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2331:
2316:
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2284:
2274:
2272:
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2255:
2251:
2236:
2224:. Quezon City:
2219:
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2203:
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2022:
2018:
2012:Wayback Machine
2003:
1994:
1987:
1978:
1963:
1951:. Quezon City:
1946:
1945:
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1837:
1820:
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1800:
1786:
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1765:
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1718:Biblia Filipina
1709:
1707:Religious texts
1686:
1605:
1558:
1546:
1481:
1453:Biblia Filipina
1359:
1300:Elpidio Quirino
1261:
1245:Biblia Filipina
1233:Artemio Ricarte
1225:
1088:
1057:Dominador Gómez
1003:Mikhail Bakunin
983:
967:Montjuïc Castle
890:
764:Calle Crisologo
732:El Eco de Panay
683:, owned by the
670:
588:
444:
431:
402:
400:
385:
384:Other political
374:Political party
351:
347:
327:
321:
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297:Dominador Gómez
291:
285:
280:
266:Jorge B. Vargas
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23:
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15:
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11:
5:
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2670:
2665:
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2655:
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2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2618:Ilocano people
2615:
2610:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2579:
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2561:
2554:
2550:
2549:
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2541:Melecio Arranz
2539:
2536:
2505:
2500:
2496:
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2487:
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2480:
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2454:De los Reyes'
2452:
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2417:
2416:External links
2414:
2411:
2410:
2384:
2358:
2347:(4): 557–572.
2329:
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2104:on May 4, 2006
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1375:Spanish friars
1358:
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1260:
1257:
1224:
1221:
1205:Lope K. Santos
1188:Pablo Iglesias
1142:. Malatesta's
1087:
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981:Exile in Spain
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916:Emilio Jacinto
902:Bilibid Prison
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2581:Justo Lukban
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2455:
2401:. Retrieved
2397:the original
2387:
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2273:. Retrieved
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2194:December 27,
2192:. Retrieved
2188:the original
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2137:November 28,
2135:. Retrieved
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2106:. Retrieved
2102:the original
2054:. Retrieved
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1801:. Retrieved
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654:anthropology
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625:Augustinians
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386:affiliations
378:Nacionalista
348:(1938-10-10)
326:July 7, 1864
292:Succeeded by
281:
261:Succeeded by
230:
223:Justo Lukban
218:Succeeded by
185:
166:
146:Succeeded by
106:
83:
45:
42:de los Reyes
41:
34:Spanish name
29:
2608:1938 deaths
2603:1864 births
2533:(1925–1935)
2526:(1922–1925)
1418:Protestants
1414:in absentia
1243:(1906) and
1213:El Comercio
963:SS Alicante
872:Aside from
797:millenarian
705:El Comercio
568:labor union
517:independent
251:Preceded by
206:Preceded by
134:Preceded by
126:(1925–1928)
118:(1922–1925)
2597:Categories
2575:1930–1931
2573:1907–1911
2565:Vice Mayor
2473:El Ilocano
2377:January 3,
2315:9718711066
1836:9715504035
1799:(1): 50–75
1758:References
1728:Catequesis
1638:Ilocandias
1620:UP Diliman
1562:El Ilocano
1461:Catequesis
1271:museum in
1168:tabaqueros
1156:Santa Cruz
1080:Montevideo
1059:published
874:El Ilocano
855:El Ilocano
851:vernacular
847:El Ilocano
838:, and the
812:Ilocandias
744:La Opinion
719:Li-Ma-Hong
713:La Opinion
613:José Rizal
600:Ilocos Sur
571:federation
503:Don Belong
487:Don Belong
460:Profession
452:Occupation
437:Alma mater
390:Republican
333:Ilocos Sur
322:1864-07-07
46:Florentino
2515:district
2511:from the
2244:756771087
1845:969406494
1733:Plegarias
1465:Plegarias
1136:Karl Marx
1076:Aguinaldo
1019:translate
971:Barcelona
932:Salvadora
912:Katipunan
788:Folk-Lore
783:Folk-Lore
520:Christian
468:Known for
403:María Lim
396:Spouse(s)
286:1902–1902
282:In office
231:In office
186:In office
171:1912–1919
167:In office
111:1922–1928
107:In office
96:from the
88:1929–1938
84:In office
2464:volume 2
2460:volume 1
2444:LibriVox
2403:June 18,
2353:42632126
2324:29915943
2300:(1990).
2264:Facebook
2152:76895524
2056:July 19,
2050:Archived
2030:), 2005.
2008:Archived
1971:76895524
1471:and the
1441:apostate
1420:and the
1363:Holy See
1251:(1909).
1229:Yokohama
1160:Sampaloc
863:El Iloco
822:(1889),
818:(1887),
814:(1887),
755:folklore
558:Marxists
507:Filipino
483:Nickname
428:(mother)
408:Children
100:district
32:In this
2433:at the
1497:Malabon
1493:capitan
1422:Jesuits
959:Memoria
951:Memoria
892:As the
804:capitan
687:(NHCP).
644:at the
608:Ilocano
416:Parents
38:surname
2569:Manila
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2322:
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1969:
1959:
1843:
1833:
1504:Madrid
1426:schism
1281:Manila
1152:Quiapo
1148:Cavite
1074:After
859:pueblo
775:Madrid
736:Iloilo
711:, and
652:, and
636:Manila
546:Manila
542:Madrid
534:mother
523:Church
353:Manila
2371:(PDF)
2349:JSTOR
1787:(PDF)
1751:Iloko
1521:Tondo
1519:from
1408:, an
1027:Iloko
1023:Bible
681:Vigan
596:Vigan
565:first
329:Vigan
241:Mayor
196:Mayor
2405:2011
2379:2022
2320:OCLC
2310:ISBN
2277:2022
2240:OCLC
2230:ISBN
2196:2017
2139:2022
2131:News
2129:CBCP
2110:2017
2058:2022
1967:OCLC
1957:ISBN
1841:OCLC
1831:ISBN
1805:2019
1612:Bust
1447:and
1158:and
1099:and
1021:the
928:Liga
920:Liga
695:for
343:Died
312:Born
176:2nd
2567:of
2513:1st
2466:),
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1017:to
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