31:
71:
49:
604:
586:
213:), which is used diagnostically to help identify quillwort species. Quillwort species are very difficult to distinguish by general appearance. The best way to identify them is by examining the megaspores under a microscope.
755:
781:
729:
768:
596:
197:, but often scarce to rare. Living species are mostly aquatic or semi-aquatic, and are found in clear ponds and slowly moving streams. Each
514:
Wood, Daniel; Besnard, Guillaume; Beerling, David J.; Osborne, Colin P.; Christin, Pascal-Antoine (2020-06-18). Wong, William Oki (ed.).
201:
is slender and broadens downward to a swollen base up to 5 mm wide where the leaves attach in clusters to a bulb-like, underground
467:"Proliferation of Isoëtalean Lycophytes During the Permo-Triassic Biotic Crises: A Proxy for the State of the Terrestrial Biosphere"
879:
853:
773:
721:
667:
858:
70:
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194:
822:
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807:
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268:
were dominant over large areas of the globe. The oldest fossil closely resembling modern quillworts is
159:
884:
693:
527:
478:
439:
396:
597:
World list of all species in order
Isoetales from World Ferns by M. Hassler in the Catalogue of Life
907:
30:
866:
412:
365:
318:
65:
812:
794:
680:
563:
545:
496:
357:
310:
250:
237:
Some authors include the tree-like "aboresecent lycophytes", which formed forests during the
799:
760:
553:
535:
486:
447:
404:
349:
302:
226:
465:
Looy, Cindy V.; van
Konijnenburg-van Cittert, Johanna H. A.; Duijnstee, Ivo A. P. (2021).
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177:
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characteristic of most quillworts. This swollen base also contains male and female
672:
540:
516:"Phylogenomics indicates the "living fossil" Isoetes diversified in the Cenozoic"
187:
There are about 140-150 living species, all of which are classified in the genus
742:
652:
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603:
845:
491:
466:
408:
264:
206:
150:
57:
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314:
835:
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108:
567:
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637:
259:
430:
Retallack, Gregory J. (2013). "Permian and
Triassic greenhouse crises".
255:
217:
189:
39:
353:
747:
614:
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306:
711:
82:
262:. During the Early Triassic, Isoetales, such as the long-stemmed
202:
198:
618:
698:
338:"Escaping the voluntary constraints of "tyre-track" taxonomy"
383:
Retallack, Gregory J. (1997). "Earliest
Triassic origin of
336:
Bateman, Richard M.; DiMichele, William A. (October 2021).
627:
291:"Secondary Development in the Cortex of Isoetes"
241:period, and often assigned to their own order,
254:have been found in rocks dating to the latest
209:, protected by a thin, transparent covering (
8:
615:
47:
29:
20:
557:
539:
490:
272:from the Late Jurassic of North America.
387:and quillwort evolutionary radiation".
281:
16:Order of free-sporing vascular plants
7:
859:6b634e5c-ed50-4c4c-be79-25991a33214f
722:b33ca3bb-ef67-4f13-8ed4-4b5212a718d1
14:
602:
584:
289:Karrfalt, Eric E. (1982-12-01).
69:
1:
541:10.1371/journal.pone.0227525
929:
471:Frontiers in Earth Science
492:10.3389/feart.2021.615370
409:10.1017/S0022336000039524
195:cosmopolitan distribution
172:, sometimes also written
143:
138:
66:Scientific classification
64:
55:
46:
37:
28:
23:
452:10.1016/j.gr.2012.03.003
248:Fossilised specimens of
389:Journal of Paleontology
180:of plants in the class
808:Paleobiology Database
193:(quillworts), with a
719:Euro+Med PlantBase:
593:at Wikimedia Commons
245:, within Isoetales.
221:are the only living
532:2020PLoSO..1527525W
483:2021FrEaS...9...55L
444:2013GondR..24...90R
401:1997JPal...71..500R
270:Isoetites rolandii
895:
894:
795:Open Tree of Life
621:Taxon identifiers
589:Media related to
432:Gondwana Research
354:10.1002/tax.12540
295:Botanical Gazette
251:Isoetes beestonii
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348:(5): 1062–1077.
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227:secondary growth
160:Nathorstianaceae
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243:Lepidodendrales
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872:wfo-9000000275
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611:at Wikispecies
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579:External links
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395:(3): 500–521.
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307:10.1086/337319
301:(4): 439–445.
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182:Lycopodiopsida
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155:Pleuromeiaceae
146:Chaloneriaceae
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119:Lycopodiopsida
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96:Tracheophytes
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913:Plant orders
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56:
38:
18:
743:iNaturalist
653:Wikispecies
225:capable of
908:Lycophytes
902:Categories
276:References
265:Pleuromeia
258:-earliest
151:Isoetaceae
109:Lycophytes
58:Pleuromeia
24:Isoetales
836:100000977
823:isoetales
659:Isoetales
629:Isoetales
609:Isoetales
591:Isoetales
550:1932-6203
501:2296-6463
417:140566050
370:238818487
362:0040-0262
315:0006-8071
207:sporangia
174:Isoëtales
170:Isoetales
139:Families
129:Isoetales
79:Kingdom:
854:VicFlora
843:VASCAN:
831:Tropicos
644:Q7170041
638:Wikidata
568:32555586
520:PLOS ONE
323:84969975
260:Triassic
176:, is an
559:7302493
528:Bibcode
479:Bibcode
440:Bibcode
397:Bibcode
385:Isoetes
256:Permian
233:Fossils
218:Isoetes
190:Isoetes
125:Order:
115:Class:
83:Plantae
40:Isoetes
885:886372
800:113190
673:223054
566:
556:
548:
499:
477:: 55.
415:
368:
360:
321:
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133:Prantl
880:WoRMS
820:PPE:
813:55160
787:13836
774:17118
761:11654
756:IRMNG
748:60113
712:1ISOO
686:8ZXH3
413:S2CID
366:S2CID
342:Taxon
319:S2CID
211:velum
178:order
103:Clade
90:Clade
782:NCBI
769:ITIS
730:GBIF
707:EPPO
699:4167
668:APNI
564:PMID
546:ISSN
497:ISSN
358:ISSN
311:ISSN
203:corm
199:leaf
867:WFO
735:951
694:EoL
681:CoL
554:PMC
536:doi
487:doi
448:doi
405:doi
350:doi
303:doi
299:143
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162:†
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157:†
148:†
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
