6551:
5837:
3691:"The isotopic analyses disclosed a species of mass 248 in constant abundance in three samples analysed over a period of about 10 months. This was ascribed to an isomer of Bk with a half-life greater than 9 . No growth of Cf was detected, and a lower limit for the β half-life can be set at about 10 . No alpha activity attributable to the new isomer has been detected; the alpha half-life is probably greater than 300 ."
6243:
5443:
3022:
of U by emitting gamma radiation. Further neutron capture creates U; which, with a half-life of 7 days, decays to Np. Since nearly all neptunium is produced in this way or consists of isotopes that decay quickly, one gets nearly pure Np. After chemical separation of neptunium, Np is again irradiated by reactor neutrons to be converted to Np, which decays to Pu with a half-life of 2 days.
2502:
2864:
2514:
2676:
for thermal neutrons, while the activation cross section is 270.7 barns (the ratio approximates to 11 fissions for every 4 neutron captures). The higher plutonium isotopes are created when the uranium fuel is used for a long time. For high burnup used fuel, the concentrations of the higher plutonium
2491:
is the most stable isotope of plutonium, with a half-life of about 80 million years. It is not significantly produced in nuclear reactors because Pu has a short half-life, but some is produced in nuclear explosions. Pu has been found in interstellar space and has the second longest half-life of
3021:
There are small amounts of Pu in the plutonium from usual reactors. However, isotopic separation would be quite expensive compared to another method: when U captures a neutron, it is converted to an excited state of U. Some of the excited U nuclei undergo fission, but some decay to the ground state
2620:
where it can be fissioned directly. However, Pu's low cross section means that relatively little of it will be transmuted during one cycle in a thermal reactor. Pu's half-life is about 15 times as long as Pu's half-life; therefore, it is 1/15 as radioactive and not one of the larger contributors to
3519:
Wilson, G. L.; Takeyama, M.; Andreyev, A. N.; Andel, B.; Antalic, S.; Catford, W. N.; Ghys, L.; Haba, H.; Heßberger, F. P.; Huang, M.; Kaji, D.; Kalaninova, Z.; Morimoto, K.; Morita, K.; Murakami, M.; Nishio, K.; Orlandi, R.; Smith, A. G.; Tanaka, K.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Yamaki, S. (13 October 2017).
2592:
Pu has a half-life of 14 years, and has slightly higher thermal neutron cross sections than Pu for both fission and absorption. While nuclear fuel is being used in a reactor, a Pu nucleus is much more likely to fission or to capture a neutron than to decay. Pu accounts for a significant portion of
2616:, which is a neutron emitter by spontaneous fission and difficult to handle) or becoming Pu again; so the mean number of neutrons absorbed before fission is even higher than 3. Therefore, Pu is particularly unsuited to recycling in a thermal reactor and would be better used in a
2887:
with neutrons. Uranium-238 is present in quantity in most reactor fuel; hence Pu is continuously made in these reactors. Since Pu can itself be split by neutrons to release energy, Pu provides a portion of the energy generation in a nuclear reactor.
2612:-245 or Pu) and fission. Even then, there is a chance either of those two fissile isotopes will fail to fission but instead absorb a fourth neutron, becoming curium-246 (on the way to even heavier actinides like
410:
of 80.8 million years; plutonium-242 with a half-life of 373,300 years; and plutonium-239 with a half-life of 24,110 years; and plutonium-240 with a half-life of 6,560 years. This element also has eight
2867:
A 5.3 kg ring of weapons-grade electrorefined plutonium, 99.96% purity. This is enough plutonium for an efficient nuclear weapon. The ring shape is needed to depart from a spherical shape and avoid
1759:
2875:
Plutonium-239 is one of the three fissile materials used for the production of nuclear weapons and in some nuclear reactors as a source of energy. The other fissile materials are
1551:# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
358:
3243:, but achieving this level of purity is prohibitively difficult. Plutonium-240 contamination has proven a mixed blessing. While it created delays and headaches during the
4018:
2589:. Pu does have a moderate thermal neutron absorption cross section, so that Pu production in a thermal reactor becomes a significant fraction as large as Pu production.
2655:-242, which is produced by neutron capture of Am. It has significant thermal neutron cross section for fission, but is more likely to capture a neutron and become Pu.
6914:
3761:
Wallner, A.; Faestermann, T.; Feige, J.; Feldstein, C.; Knie, K.; Korschinek, G.; Kutschera, W.; Ofan, A.; Paul, M.; Quinto, F.; Rugel, G.; Steier, P. (2015).
1752:
1648:# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
2608:
Pu has a particularly low cross section for thermal neutron capture; and it takes three neutron absorptions to become another fissile isotope (either
2553:
Pu, Pu, and Pu are produced by further neutron capture. The odd-mass isotopes Pu and Pu have about a 3/4 chance of undergoing fission on capture of a
3625:
Plus radium (element 88). While actually a sub-actinide, it immediately precedes actinium (89) and follows a three-element gap of instability after
2329:
351:
2647:
by neutron capture (this reaction can also be used with purified neptunium to produce Pu relatively free of other plutonium isotopes for use in
1745:
6991:
6881:
4011:
3951:
3384:
3367:
2648:
2506:
2362:
6907:
2597:
that does not quickly undergo nuclear reprocessing but instead is cooled for years after use, much or most of the Pu will beta decay to
344:
3664:
Milsted, J.; Friedman, A. M.; Stevens, C. M. (1965). "The alpha half-life of berkelium-247; a new long-lived isomer of berkelium-248".
3870:"Plutonium Isotopic Results of Known Samples Using the Snap Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis Code and the Robwin Spectrum Fitting Routine"
3717:" nuclides with half-lives significantly in excess of Th; e.g., while Cd has a half-life of only fourteen years, that of Cd is eight
4004:
3869:
6981:
6900:
3947:
3357:
3194:
2569:) of neutron capture; therefore, they tend to accumulate in nuclear fuel used in a thermal reactor, the design of nearly all
3718:
6876:
3899:
3349:
1963:
1924:
1891:
1864:
6871:
3251:. Implosion bombs are also inherently more efficient and less prone to accidental detonation than are gun-type bombs.
2481:
is not fissile, nor very fertile (requiring 3 more neutron captures to become fissile); and has a low neutron capture
2255:
2224:
2201:
2179:
2148:
3197:
is reached. This prevents most of the core from participation in the chain reaction and reduces the bomb's yield.
5869:
5865:
6604:
6600:
6296:
6292:
5995:
5991:
2526:
Transmutation speed not shown and varies greatly by nuclide. Cm–Cm are long-lived with negligible decay.
6814:
6810:
6772:
6768:
6751:
6747:
6121:
6117:
6037:
6033:
6016:
6012:
4147:
3905:
3209:
3201:
2669:
1504:
529:
6443:
6439:
6401:
6397:
6338:
6334:
6214:
6210:
6193:
6189:
6142:
6138:
5974:
5970:
5911:
5907:
5848:
5844:
5144:
5140:
5123:
5119:
4534:
4530:
4045:
2408:
391:
213:
6730:
6726:
6688:
6684:
6646:
6642:
6527:
6523:
6317:
6313:
6254:
6250:
6163:
6159:
6100:
6096:
6079:
6075:
5333:
5329:
5207:
5203:
5165:
5161:
5081:
5077:
5037:
5033:
4902:
4898:
4755:
4751:
4627:
4623:
4492:
4488:
4469:
4465:
4290:
4286:
3248:
3236:
2566:
2517:
2482:
1800:
462:
454:
3629:(84) where no nuclides have half-lives of at least four years (the longest-lived nuclide in the gap is
3232:, the resulting burst of neutrons will fission enough plutonium to ensure a yield of tens of kilotons.
3763:"Abundance of live 244Pu in deep-sea reservoirs on Earth points to rarity of actinide nucleosynthesis"
2643:
Pu is not normally produced in as large quantity by the nuclear fuel cycle, but some is produced from
6835:
6831:
6562:
6558:
6380:
6376:
6359:
6355:
6058:
6054:
5799:
5795:
5748:
5744:
5727:
5723:
5664:
5660:
5601:
5597:
5517:
5513:
5496:
5492:
5454:
5450:
5312:
5308:
5016:
5012:
4944:
4940:
4734:
4730:
4713:
4709:
4692:
4688:
4671:
4667:
4576:
4572:
4397:
4393:
4355:
4351:
4216:
4212:
4056:
3784:
3673:
3574:
3467:
3330:
3285:
3221:
3217:
2424:
6793:
6789:
6625:
6621:
6583:
6579:
6506:
6502:
6464:
6460:
6422:
6418:
5953:
5949:
5932:
5928:
5890:
5886:
5706:
5702:
5643:
5639:
5580:
5576:
5538:
5534:
5475:
5471:
5405:
5401:
5249:
5245:
5186:
5182:
5102:
5098:
5060:
5056:
4986:
4982:
4965:
4961:
4923:
4919:
4881:
4877:
4648:
4644:
4513:
4509:
4269:
4265:
3372:
3174:
2570:
2521:
2396:
1598:
1588:
961:
886:
450:
434:
119:
3938:
6986:
6709:
6705:
6485:
6481:
6275:
6271:
5820:
5816:
5559:
5555:
5426:
5422:
5354:
5350:
5270:
5266:
5228:
5224:
4839:
4835:
4818:
4814:
4797:
4793:
4555:
4551:
4448:
4444:
4376:
4372:
4334:
4330:
4239:
4235:
3774:
3714:
3701:
3608:
3501:
3205:
2637:
2594:
2374:
1723:
379:
94:
2446:
6866:
6860:
5769:
5765:
5650:
5375:
5371:
4597:
4593:
4313:
4309:
3985:
3981:
3940:
Proceedings of the conference on nuclear data evaluation methods and procedures. BNL-NCS 51363
3818:
3800:
3600:
3592:
3543:
3493:
3485:
3380:
3247:
because of the need to develop implosion technology, those same difficulties are a barrier to
3244:
2438:
2404:
1657:
1402:
540:
77:
57:
48:
6181:
5787:
5685:
5681:
5622:
5618:
5393:
5004:
4860:
4856:
4776:
4772:
4615:
4436:
4418:
4414:
4257:
4204:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4031:
3849:
3836:
Sasahara, Akihiro; Matsumura, Tetsuo; Nicolaou, Giorgos; Papaioannou, Dimitri (April 2004).
3808:
3792:
3681:
3637:). Radium's longest lived isotope, at 1,600 years, thus merits the element's inclusion here.
3582:
3533:
3475:
3424:
3338:
3293:
2562:
1815:
1578:
726:
534:
426:
224:
3314:
3269:
5291:
5287:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
3909:
3651:
3647:
3310:
3265:
3213:
2554:
2539:
2454:
2428:
2416:
2400:
2392:
2316:
1833:
1792:
1695:
458:
383:
3732:
3788:
3677:
3578:
3471:
3334:
3289:
3813:
3762:
3409:
3229:
3190:
2636:. Because Pu has little opportunity to capture an additional neutron before decay, the
2602:
2543:
2412:
2358:
2336:
1824:
1807:
1526:
487:
395:
6975:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
5876:
3972:
3838:"Neutron and Gamma Ray Source Evaluation of LWR High Burn-up UO2 and MOX Spent Fuels"
3685:
3612:
3505:
3240:
3170:
3016:
2868:
2858:
2832:
2813:
2794:
2775:
2756:
2678:
2644:
2633:
2622:
2598:
2488:
2478:
2472:
2464:
2450:
2442:
2434:
2384:
2370:
2354:
1711:
1639:( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
1568:
1363:
1273:
1188:
1139:
1056:
995:
897:
521:
499:
480:
446:
442:
422:
298:
259:
230:
208:
169:
130:
89:
82:
3996:
3876:
3342:
3297:
3193:
prematurely, causing an early release of energy that disperses the core before full
6611:
6303:
6002:
4119:
4051:
3186:
2617:
2586:
2531:
2458:
403:
3700:
This is the heaviest nuclide with a half-life of at least four years before the "
6821:
6779:
6758:
6128:
6044:
6023:
4114:
3365:
Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the
Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.).
3208:
from commercial power reactors generally contains at least 20% Pu and is called
2884:
2880:
2876:
2737:
2718:
2673:
2613:
2582:
2547:
2535:
2420:
2378:
1796:
1776:
1699:
1661:
494:
438:
320:
281:
242:
191:
152:
111:
105:
3587:
3562:
3538:
3521:
3480:
3455:
3428:
2677:
isotopes will be higher than the low burnup fuel that is reprocessed to obtain
2593:
fissions in thermal reactor fuel that has been used for some time. However, in
2501:
6450:
6408:
6345:
6221:
6200:
6149:
5981:
5918:
5855:
5151:
5130:
4541:
2468:
2366:
1542:) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
592:
513:
430:
412:
6892:
3804:
3596:
3547:
3489:
6737:
6695:
6674:
6653:
6534:
6324:
6261:
6170:
6107:
6086:
5340:
5214:
5172:
5088:
5044:
4909:
4762:
4634:
4499:
4476:
4297:
4139:
4129:
4124:
3630:
3376:
3145:
3126:
3107:
2987:
2965:
2863:
2626:
2573:
today. In plutonium that has been used a second time in thermal reactors in
1781:
909:
507:
407:
371:
62:
25:
16:
Artificial nuclides with atomic number of 94 but with different mass numbers
3822:
3561:
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (1 March 2021).
3454:
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (1 March 2021).
2577:, Pu may even be the most common isotope. All plutonium isotopes and other
6842:
6569:
6387:
6366:
6065:
5806:
5755:
5734:
5671:
5608:
5524:
5503:
5461:
5319:
5023:
4951:
4741:
4720:
4699:
4678:
4583:
4404:
4362:
4223:
3626:
2578:
2574:
1772:
3854:
3837:
6800:
6632:
6590:
6513:
6471:
6429:
5960:
5939:
5897:
5713:
5587:
5545:
5482:
5412:
5256:
5193:
5109:
5067:
4993:
4972:
4930:
4888:
4655:
4520:
4276:
4134:
4027:
3796:
3225:
3088:
3069:
3050:
2943:
2921:
2651:), by the (n,2n) reaction of fast neutrons on Pu, or by alpha decay of
2558:
2388:
2323:
399:
387:
21:
3604:
3497:
3305:
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
6716:
6492:
6282:
5827:
5566:
5433:
5361:
5277:
5235:
4846:
4825:
4804:
4562:
4455:
4383:
4341:
4246:
3235:
Contamination due to Pu is the reason plutonium weapons must use the
2652:
2609:
2605:, a strong alpha emitter, and difficult to use in thermal reactors.
2513:
3779:
3408:
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021).
5776:
5382:
4604:
4320:
3742:. Takoma Park, MD: Institute for Energy and Environmental Research
3353:
2883:. Pu is virtually nonexistent in nature. It is made by bombarding
2862:
2561:
and becoming the next heavier isotope. The even-mass isotopes are
2500:
406:
have been characterized. The most stable are plutonium-244 with a
398:. It was synthesized long before being found in nature, the first
3902:
5692:
5629:
4867:
4783:
4425:
3989:
1786:
1618:
as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
904:
6896:
4000:
2437:
has a high rate of spontaneous fission, raising the background
5298:
2377:
can contain as much as a few percent Pu, originating from Np,
2339:(thermal neutron capture cross section greater than 3k barns)
2640:
does not produce the long-lived Pu in significant quantity.
2629:
emissions are also weaker than those of the other isotopes.
3563:"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties *"
3456:"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties *"
3567:
Chinese
Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics
3460:
Chinese
Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics
2485:, and a longer half-life than any of the lighter isotopes.
402:
synthesized being plutonium-238 in 1940. Twenty plutonium
3200:
Plutonium consisting of more than about 90% Pu is called
1630:
as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
394:
cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no
3189:, because a neutron from spontaneous fission starts the
3185:%). The presence of Pu limits the plutonium's use in a
2441:
of plutonium. Plutonium is graded by proportion of Pu:
2423:
with neutrons in a nuclear reactor, then recovered via
2453:(>19%). Lower grades are less suited for bombs and
3980:. New York (NY): Reinhold Book Corporation. pp.
2632:
Pu has a half-life of only 5 hours, beta decaying to
3216:, which mitigates the predetonation problem; if the
2505:
A pellet of Pu, glowing from its own heat, used for
2565:
but not fissile and also have a lower probability (
2530:Pu, a fissile isotope that is the second most used
3971:
3309:Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;
3264:Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;
3441:
3410:"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"
2550:by neutron capture followed by two beta decays.
3166:Plutonium-240 as an obstacle to nuclear weapons
2301:
2296:
2289:
2268:
2261:
2249:
2240:
2120:
2115:
2101:
415:; all have half-lives of less than one second.
3970:Miner, William N.; Schonfeld, Fred W. (1968).
3733:"The Use of Weapons Plutonium as Reactor Fuel"
2185:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2152:
2140:
2135:
2130:
6908:
4012:
3937:Magurno, B. A.; Pearlstein, S., eds. (1981).
2233:
2228:
2214:
2205:
2083:
2078:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2041:
2036:
2022:
2015:
1991:
1986:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1753:
382:, except for trace quantities resulting from
352:
8:
3403:
3401:
3239:. Theoretically, pure Pu could be used in a
1741:Actinides and fission products by half-life
461:), and the primary decay products after are
19:
3731:Makhijani, Arjun; Seth, Anita (July 1997).
3319:evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"
3274:evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"
2008:in the range of 100 a–210 ka ...
1879:
1870:
1852:
6915:
6901:
6893:
4019:
4005:
3997:
3650:fission of uranium-235, e.g. in a typical
2387:has half-life 24,100 years. Pu and Pu are
1760:
1746:
1538:( ) – Uncertainty (1
1505:
359:
345:
3978:The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements
3853:
3842:Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology
3812:
3778:
3586:
3537:
3479:
2357:has a half-life of 87.74 years and emits
429:(Pu) to 247.074 u (Pu). The primary
3024:
2890:
2683:
2557:and about a 1/4 chance of retaining the
2512:
2330:naturally occurring radioactive material
2319:cross section in the range of 8–50 barns
472:
433:before the most stable isotope, Pu, are
41:
3397:
2685:The formation of Pu, Pu, and Pu from U
2431:produces successively heavier isotopes.
1686:Most useful isotope for nuclear weapons
1518:
3212:. However, modern nuclear weapons use
2649:radioisotope thermoelectric generators
2507:radioisotope thermoelectric generators
2363:radioisotope thermoelectric generators
18:
6667:
3920:
3368:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
2282:
2001:
305:
302:
266:
263:
217:
212:
176:
173:
137:
134:
98:
93:
7:
2399:thermal neutrons, releasing energy,
1673:
1671:
1669:
3633:with a half life of less than four
2419:. Pu is synthesized by irradiating
3957:from the original on March 8, 2021
2369:is produced by neutron capture on
14:
3177:at a small but significant rate (
2147:
6549:
6241:
6180:
5835:
5786:
5441:
5392:
5003:
4614:
4435:
4256:
4203:
2538:, and the most used fuel in the
2492:any non-primordial radioisotope.
2471:with a half-life of 14 years to
3976:. In Clifford A. Hampel (ed.).
3343:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
3298:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
1722:Interstellar, some may also be
1499:This table header & footer:
3948:Brookhaven National Laboratory
3522:"β -delayed fission of Am 230"
3358:Brookhaven National Laboratory
1710:Intermediate decay product of
1:
3903:Interactive Chart of Nuclides
3442:Magurno & Pearlstein 1981
2411:, leading to applications in
2407:. It can therefore sustain a
1733:Actinides vs fission products
1525:Pu – Excited
6992:Lists of isotopes by element
3900:National Nuclear Data Center
3686:10.1016/0029-5582(65)90719-4
3350:National Nuclear Data Center
2664:Plutonium-240, -241 and -242
2284:... nor beyond 15.7 Ma
1726:but such claims are disputed
441:; the primary mode after is
3228:, which is enough to start
3026:The formation of Pu from U
2892:The formation of Pu from U
2391:; meaning their nuclei can
2381:of Cm, or (n,2n) reactions.
2003:No fission products have a
1736:
7008:
6230:
4483:
4304:
4230:
3539:10.1103/PhysRevC.96.044315
3014:
2856:
2534:in nuclear reactors after
2520:flow between Pu and Cm in
1496:
6931:
6856:
6546:
4038:
2704:
2699:
2692:
2689:
2311:
1791:
1780:
1771:
1739:
1388:
1385:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1345:
1302:
1299:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1256:
1236:
1213:
1210:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1187:
1164:
1161:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1121:
1101:
1085:
1082:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1020:
1017:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
994:
978:
954:
939:
936:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
881:
878:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
845:
842:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
809:
806:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
773:
770:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
737:
734:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
698:
695:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
662:
659:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
626:
623:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
587:
584:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
548:
539:
528:
520:
512:
506:
493:
486:
479:
475:
340:
297:
258:
207:
168:
129:
88:
47:
44:
40:
3588:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae
3481:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae
3429:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae
3311:Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik
3266:Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik
3230:deuterium–tritium fusion
3224:of even a fraction of a
2908:Thermal neutron fission
4192:Chalcogens
3946:. Vol. II. Upton:
3210:reactor-grade plutonium
3202:weapons-grade plutonium
2903:Thermal neutron capture
2872:
2527:
2510:
2409:nuclear chain reaction
2395:by being bombarded by
955:145.544(10)2 keV
392:standard atomic weight
6982:Isotopes of plutonium
6925:isotopes of plutonium
3767:Nature Communications
3260:Isotope masses from:
3249:nuclear proliferation
2866:
2516:
2504:
2427:of the fuel. Further
2328:№, primarily a
2315:₡, has thermal
463:isotopes of americium
419:Isotopes of plutonium
3354:"NuDat 2.x database"
3222:nuclear weapon yield
2910:Cross section (barn)
2905:cross section (barn)
2625:radioactivity. Pu's
2571:nuclear power plants
2425:nuclear reprocessing
1102:391.584(3) keV
6882:Isotopes by element
6877:Metastable isotopes
3855:10.3327/jnst.41.448
3789:2015NatCo...6.5956W
3740:Energy and Security
3678:1965NucPh..71..299M
3579:2021ChPhC..45c0001K
3472:2021ChPhC..45c0001K
3373:Boca Raton, Florida
3335:2003NuPhA.729....3A
3290:2003NuPhA.729....3A
3175:spontaneous fission
3027:
2893:
2686:
2546:, is produced from
2497:Production and uses
2373:but plutonium from
1615:Bold italics symbol
1599:Spontaneous fission
1589:Isomeric transition
1257:2200(200) keV
1122:3100(200) keV
1070:2.411(3)×10 y
979:2900(250) keV
451:isotopes of uranium
435:spontaneous fission
425:from 228.0387
37:
6872:Tables of nuclides
3908:2011-07-21 at the
3797:10.1038/ncomms6956
3715:classically stable
3702:sea of instability
3646:Specifically from
3444:, pp. 835 ff.
3206:spent nuclear fuel
3064:703,800,000 years
3025:
2891:
2873:
2684:
2638:nuclear fuel cycle
2595:spent nuclear fuel
2528:
2511:
2375:spent nuclear fuel
1892:> 9 a
1377:8.00(9)×10 y
1346:383.6(4) keV
1287:3.75(2)×10 y
1237:161.6(1) keV
651:1.70(17) min
549:Excitation energy
380:artificial element
6969:
6968:
6890:
6889:
6861:Table of nuclides
6851:
6850:
6838:
6817:
6796:
6775:
6754:
6733:
6712:
6691:
6670:
6649:
6628:
6607:
6586:
6565:
6530:
6509:
6488:
6467:
6446:
6425:
6404:
6383:
6362:
6341:
6320:
6299:
6278:
6257:
6217:
6196:
6166:
6145:
6124:
6103:
6082:
6061:
6040:
6019:
5998:
5977:
5956:
5935:
5914:
5893:
5872:
5851:
5823:
5802:
5772:
5751:
5730:
5709:
5688:
5667:
5646:
5625:
5604:
5583:
5562:
5541:
5520:
5499:
5478:
5457:
5429:
5408:
5378:
5357:
5336:
5315:
5294:
5273:
5252:
5231:
5210:
5189:
5168:
5147:
5126:
5105:
5084:
5063:
5040:
5019:
4989:
4968:
4947:
4926:
4905:
4884:
4863:
4842:
4821:
4800:
4779:
4758:
4737:
4716:
4695:
4674:
4651:
4630:
4600:
4579:
4558:
4537:
4516:
4495:
4472:
4451:
4421:
4400:
4379:
4358:
4337:
4316:
4293:
4272:
4242:
4219:
4189:Pnictogens
4150:
4048:
4032:chemical elements
3713:Excluding those "
3526:Physical Review C
3417:Chinese Physics C
3386:978-0-8493-0485-9
3371:(85th ed.).
3323:Nuclear Physics A
3318:
3278:Nuclear Physics A
3273:
3245:Manhattan Project
3204:; plutonium from
3163:
3162:
3083:23,420,000 years
3008:
3007:
2850:
2849:
2732:4.468 x 10 years
2439:neutron radiation
2346:
2345:
2307:0.7–14.1 Ga
2303:
2298:
2291:
2270:
2263:
2251:
2242:
2235:
2230:
2216:
2207:
2187:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2154:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2122:
2117:
2103:
2085:
2080:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2043:
2038:
2024:
2017:
1993:
1988:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1881:
1872:
1854:
1658:Double beta decay
1604:
1603:
1516:
1515:
1202:14.290(6) y
834:25.3(5) min
762:20.9(4) min
723:33.7(5) min
457:(not considering
369:
368:
336:
335:
6999:
6917:
6910:
6903:
6894:
6836:§ List
6830:
6815:§ List
6809:
6794:§ List
6788:
6773:§ List
6767:
6752:§ List
6746:
6731:§ List
6725:
6710:§ List
6704:
6689:§ List
6683:
6668:§ List
6662:
6647:§ List
6641:
6626:§ List
6620:
6605:§ List
6599:
6584:§ List
6578:
6563:§ List
6557:
6553:
6552:
6528:§ List
6522:
6507:§ List
6501:
6486:§ List
6480:
6465:§ List
6459:
6444:§ List
6438:
6423:§ List
6417:
6402:§ List
6396:
6381:§ List
6375:
6360:§ List
6354:
6339:§ List
6333:
6318:§ List
6312:
6297:§ List
6291:
6276:§ List
6270:
6255:§ List
6249:
6245:
6244:
6215:§ List
6209:
6194:§ List
6188:
6184:
6164:§ List
6158:
6143:§ List
6137:
6122:§ List
6116:
6101:§ List
6095:
6080:§ List
6074:
6059:§ List
6053:
6038:§ List
6032:
6017:§ List
6011:
5996:§ List
5990:
5975:§ List
5969:
5954:§ List
5948:
5933:§ List
5927:
5912:§ List
5906:
5891:§ List
5885:
5870:§ List
5864:
5849:§ List
5843:
5839:
5838:
5821:§ List
5815:
5800:§ List
5794:
5790:
5770:§ List
5764:
5749:§ List
5743:
5728:§ List
5722:
5707:§ List
5701:
5686:§ List
5680:
5665:§ List
5659:
5644:§ List
5638:
5623:§ List
5617:
5602:§ List
5596:
5581:§ List
5575:
5560:§ List
5554:
5539:§ List
5533:
5518:§ List
5512:
5497:§ List
5491:
5476:§ List
5470:
5455:§ List
5449:
5445:
5444:
5427:§ List
5421:
5406:§ List
5400:
5396:
5376:§ List
5370:
5355:§ List
5349:
5334:§ List
5328:
5313:§ List
5307:
5292:§ List
5286:
5271:§ List
5265:
5250:§ List
5244:
5229:§ List
5223:
5208:§ List
5202:
5187:§ List
5181:
5166:§ List
5160:
5145:§ List
5139:
5124:§ List
5118:
5103:§ List
5097:
5082:§ List
5076:
5061:§ List
5055:
5038:§ List
5032:
5017:§ List
5011:
5007:
4987:§ List
4981:
4966:§ List
4960:
4945:§ List
4939:
4924:§ List
4918:
4903:§ List
4897:
4882:§ List
4876:
4861:§ List
4855:
4840:§ List
4834:
4819:§ List
4813:
4798:§ List
4792:
4777:§ List
4771:
4756:§ List
4750:
4735:§ List
4729:
4714:§ List
4708:
4693:§ List
4687:
4672:§ List
4666:
4649:§ List
4643:
4628:§ List
4622:
4618:
4598:§ List
4592:
4577:§ List
4571:
4556:§ List
4550:
4535:§ List
4529:
4514:§ List
4508:
4493:§ List
4487:
4470:§ List
4464:
4449:§ List
4443:
4439:
4419:§ List
4413:
4398:§ List
4392:
4377:§ List
4371:
4356:§ List
4350:
4335:§ List
4329:
4314:§ List
4308:
4291:§ List
4285:
4270:§ List
4264:
4260:
4240:§ List
4234:
4217:§ List
4211:
4207:
4146:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4021:
4014:
4007:
3998:
3993:
3975:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3956:
3945:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3881:
3875:. Archived from
3874:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3816:
3782:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3737:
3728:
3722:
3711:
3705:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3661:
3655:
3644:
3638:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3590:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3483:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3414:
3405:
3390:
3361:
3345:
3316:
3300:
3271:
3237:implosion method
3184:
3182:
3121:2,144,000 years
3028:
2938:4.47 x 10 years
2894:
2687:
2672:for Pu is 747.9
2467:is fissile, but
2455:thermal reactors
2417:nuclear reactors
2365:that power some
2349:Notable isotopes
2302:
2297:
2290:
2269:
2262:
2250:
2241:
2234:
2229:
2225:1.61–6.5 Ma
2215:
2206:
2186:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2153:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2121:
2116:
2102:
2091:8.3–8.5 ka
2084:
2079:
2072:4.7–7.4 ka
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:1.3–1.6 ka
2042:
2037:
2023:
2016:
2006:
1992:
1987:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1880:
1871:
1853:
1793:Fission products
1762:
1755:
1748:
1737:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1664:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1611:
1605:
1579:Electron capture
1562:
1561:
1560:Modes of decay:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1536:
1530:
1523:
1512:
1507:
1481:2.27(23) d
1453:10.84(2) d
1349:330(30) ns
1327:4.956(3) h
1284:242.0587426(20)
1240:0.88(5) μs
1199:241.0568515(20)
1150:240.0538135(20)
1125:7.5(10) μs
1067:239.0521634(20)
1006:238.0495599(20)
958:180(20) ms
925:237.0484097(24)
870:2.858(8) y
867:236.0460580(24)
687:8.6(5) min
576:
574:
573:
503:
473:
469:List of isotopes
459:fission products
361:
354:
347:
329:
317:
312:
310:
290:
278:
273:
271:
251:
239:
227:
220:
200:
188:
183:
181:
161:
149:
144:
142:
122:
108:
101:
74:
42:
38:
36:
35:
7007:
7006:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6998:
6997:
6996:
6972:
6971:
6970:
6965:
6927:
6921:
6891:
6886:
6852:
6846:
6839:
6825:
6818:
6804:
6797:
6783:
6776:
6762:
6755:
6741:
6734:
6720:
6713:
6699:
6692:
6678:
6671:
6657:
6650:
6636:
6629:
6615:
6608:
6594:
6587:
6573:
6566:
6550:
6538:
6531:
6517:
6510:
6496:
6489:
6475:
6468:
6454:
6447:
6433:
6426:
6412:
6405:
6391:
6384:
6370:
6363:
6349:
6342:
6328:
6321:
6307:
6300:
6286:
6279:
6265:
6258:
6242:
6225:
6218:
6204:
6197:
6174:
6167:
6153:
6146:
6132:
6125:
6111:
6104:
6090:
6083:
6069:
6062:
6048:
6041:
6027:
6020:
6006:
5999:
5985:
5978:
5964:
5957:
5943:
5936:
5922:
5915:
5901:
5894:
5880:
5873:
5859:
5852:
5836:
5831:
5824:
5810:
5803:
5780:
5773:
5759:
5752:
5738:
5731:
5717:
5710:
5696:
5689:
5675:
5668:
5654:
5647:
5633:
5626:
5612:
5605:
5591:
5584:
5570:
5563:
5549:
5542:
5528:
5521:
5507:
5500:
5486:
5479:
5465:
5458:
5442:
5437:
5430:
5416:
5409:
5386:
5379:
5365:
5358:
5344:
5337:
5323:
5316:
5302:
5295:
5281:
5274:
5260:
5253:
5239:
5232:
5218:
5211:
5197:
5190:
5176:
5169:
5155:
5148:
5134:
5127:
5113:
5106:
5092:
5085:
5071:
5064:
5048:
5041:
5027:
5020:
4997:
4990:
4976:
4969:
4955:
4948:
4934:
4927:
4913:
4906:
4892:
4885:
4871:
4864:
4850:
4843:
4829:
4822:
4808:
4801:
4787:
4780:
4766:
4759:
4745:
4738:
4724:
4717:
4703:
4696:
4682:
4675:
4659:
4652:
4638:
4631:
4608:
4601:
4587:
4580:
4566:
4559:
4545:
4538:
4524:
4517:
4503:
4496:
4480:
4473:
4459:
4452:
4429:
4422:
4408:
4401:
4387:
4380:
4366:
4359:
4345:
4338:
4324:
4317:
4301:
4294:
4280:
4273:
4250:
4243:
4227:
4220:
4195:Halogens
4159:
4154:
4034:
4025:
3969:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3943:
3936:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3919:
3915:
3910:Wayback Machine
3898:
3894:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3712:
3708:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3666:Nuclear Physics
3663:
3662:
3658:
3652:nuclear reactor
3648:thermal neutron
3645:
3641:
3624:
3620:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3440:
3436:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3399:
3387:
3364:
3348:
3308:
3263:
3257:
3220:can generate a
3214:fusion boosting
3180:
3178:
3168:
3038:
3037:Thermal neutron
3019:
3013:
2909:
2904:
2861:
2855:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2693:Thermal neutron
2666:
2661:
2603:minor actinides
2581:, however, are
2555:thermal neutron
2544:nuclear weapons
2525:
2499:
2429:neutron capture
2413:nuclear weapons
2401:gamma radiation
2359:alpha particles
2351:
2342:
2317:neutron capture
2180:327–375 ka
2149:150–250 ka
2028:430–900 a
2007:
2004:
1999:141–351 a
1784:
1767:
1766:
1735:
1730:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1696:Neutron capture
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:fissile nuclide
1676:
1667:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1608:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1537:
1533:
1524:
1520:
1511:
1497:
1478:247.07407(32)#
1450:246.070205(16)
1425:10.5(1) h
1422:245.067747(15)
1182:
1105:193(4) ns
1050:
1048:
1038:
1009:87.7(1) y
982:1.1(1) μs
928:45.2(1) d
908:
831:235.045286(22)
720:232.041187(19)
684:231.041101(28)
648:230.039650(16)
571:
569:
568:
566:
542:
537:
533:
526:
523:
518:
515:
510:
504:
497:
477:
471:
396:stable isotopes
384:neutron capture
377:
365:
327:
315:
308:
306:
288:
276:
269:
267:
249:
237:
223:
218:
198:
186:
179:
177:
159:
147:
140:
138:
118:
104:
99:
72:
65:
58:abundance
33:
29:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7005:
7003:
6995:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6974:
6973:
6967:
6966:
6964:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6922:
6920:
6919:
6912:
6905:
6897:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6863:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6849:
6848:
6840:
6829:
6827:
6819:
6808:
6806:
6798:
6787:
6785:
6777:
6766:
6764:
6756:
6745:
6743:
6735:
6724:
6722:
6714:
6703:
6701:
6693:
6682:
6680:
6672:
6661:
6659:
6651:
6640:
6638:
6630:
6619:
6617:
6609:
6598:
6596:
6588:
6577:
6575:
6567:
6556:
6554:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6540:
6532:
6521:
6519:
6511:
6500:
6498:
6490:
6479:
6477:
6469:
6458:
6456:
6448:
6437:
6435:
6427:
6416:
6414:
6406:
6395:
6393:
6385:
6374:
6372:
6364:
6353:
6351:
6343:
6332:
6330:
6322:
6311:
6309:
6301:
6290:
6288:
6280:
6269:
6267:
6259:
6248:
6246:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6219:
6208:
6206:
6198:
6187:
6185:
6177:
6176:
6168:
6157:
6155:
6147:
6136:
6134:
6126:
6115:
6113:
6105:
6094:
6092:
6084:
6073:
6071:
6063:
6052:
6050:
6042:
6031:
6029:
6021:
6010:
6008:
6000:
5989:
5987:
5979:
5968:
5966:
5958:
5947:
5945:
5937:
5926:
5924:
5916:
5905:
5903:
5895:
5884:
5882:
5874:
5863:
5861:
5853:
5842:
5840:
5833:
5825:
5814:
5812:
5804:
5793:
5791:
5783:
5782:
5774:
5763:
5761:
5753:
5742:
5740:
5732:
5721:
5719:
5711:
5700:
5698:
5690:
5679:
5677:
5669:
5658:
5656:
5648:
5637:
5635:
5627:
5616:
5614:
5606:
5595:
5593:
5585:
5574:
5572:
5564:
5553:
5551:
5543:
5532:
5530:
5522:
5511:
5509:
5501:
5490:
5488:
5480:
5469:
5467:
5459:
5448:
5446:
5439:
5431:
5420:
5418:
5410:
5399:
5397:
5389:
5388:
5380:
5369:
5367:
5359:
5348:
5346:
5338:
5327:
5325:
5317:
5306:
5304:
5296:
5285:
5283:
5275:
5264:
5262:
5254:
5243:
5241:
5233:
5222:
5220:
5212:
5201:
5199:
5191:
5180:
5178:
5170:
5159:
5157:
5149:
5138:
5136:
5128:
5117:
5115:
5107:
5096:
5094:
5086:
5075:
5073:
5065:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5042:
5031:
5029:
5021:
5010:
5008:
5000:
4999:
4991:
4980:
4978:
4970:
4959:
4957:
4949:
4938:
4936:
4928:
4917:
4915:
4907:
4896:
4894:
4886:
4875:
4873:
4865:
4854:
4852:
4844:
4833:
4831:
4823:
4812:
4810:
4802:
4791:
4789:
4781:
4770:
4768:
4760:
4749:
4747:
4739:
4728:
4726:
4718:
4707:
4705:
4697:
4686:
4684:
4676:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4653:
4642:
4640:
4632:
4621:
4619:
4611:
4610:
4602:
4591:
4589:
4581:
4570:
4568:
4560:
4549:
4547:
4539:
4528:
4526:
4518:
4507:
4505:
4497:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4474:
4463:
4461:
4453:
4442:
4440:
4432:
4431:
4423:
4412:
4410:
4402:
4391:
4389:
4381:
4370:
4368:
4360:
4349:
4347:
4339:
4328:
4326:
4318:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4295:
4284:
4282:
4274:
4263:
4261:
4253:
4252:
4244:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4221:
4210:
4208:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4156:
4155:alkali metals
4151:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3967:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3913:
3892:
3861:
3848:(4): 448–456.
3828:
3753:
3723:
3706:
3693:
3656:
3639:
3618:
3553:
3511:
3446:
3434:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3385:
3362:
3346:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3256:
3253:
3191:chain reaction
3167:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3015:Main article:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2898:
2857:Main article:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:373,300 years
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2751:23.45 minutes
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2691:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2476:
2462:
2432:
2382:
2361:. Pure Pu for
2350:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2337:neutron poison
2333:
2326:
2320:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2126:32–76 ka
2124:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1790:
1779:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1742:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1715:
1703:
1688:
1679:
1665:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1620:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1553:
1544:
1531:
1527:nuclear isomer
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1501:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:(<7.3×10%)
1399:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:244.064204(5)
1372:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1324:243.062003(3)
1322:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1260:21(3) μs
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1153:6.561(7)×10 y
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
980:
977:
973:
972:
970:
967:
964:
959:
956:
953:
949:
948:
945:
941:
940:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
913:
912:
901:
894:
893:
890:
883:
882:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
855:
854:
851:
847:
846:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
819:
818:
815:
811:
810:
808:
805:
802:
799:
798:8.8(1) h
796:
795:234.043317(7)
793:
790:
787:
783:
782:
779:
775:
774:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
747:
746:
743:
739:
738:
736:
733:
730:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
708:
707:
704:
700:
699:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
672:
671:
668:
664:
663:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
636:
635:
632:
628:
627:
625:
622:
619:
616:
615:91(26) s
613:
610:
607:
604:
600:
599:
596:
589:
588:
586:
583:
580:
577:
564:
561:
558:
555:
551:
550:
546:
545:
538:
527:
519:
511:
505:
492:
485:
478:
470:
467:
449:before Pu are
447:decay products
445:. The primary
375:
367:
366:
364:
363:
356:
349:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
324:
323:
318:
313:
304:
301:
295:
294:
291:
285:
284:
279:
274:
265:
262:
256:
255:
252:
246:
245:
240:
234:
233:
228:
221:
216:
211:
205:
204:
201:
195:
194:
189:
184:
175:
172:
166:
165:
162:
156:
155:
150:
145:
136:
133:
127:
126:
123:
115:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
86:
85:
80:
75:
70:
60:
55:
52:
51:
46:
45:Main isotopes
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7004:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6930:
6926:
6918:
6913:
6911:
6906:
6904:
6899:
6898:
6895:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6858:
6855:
6845:
6844:
6837:
6833:
6828:
6824:
6823:
6816:
6812:
6807:
6803:
6802:
6795:
6791:
6786:
6782:
6781:
6774:
6770:
6765:
6761:
6760:
6753:
6749:
6744:
6740:
6739:
6732:
6728:
6723:
6719:
6718:
6711:
6707:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6690:
6686:
6681:
6677:
6676:
6669:
6665:
6660:
6656:
6655:
6648:
6644:
6639:
6635:
6634:
6627:
6623:
6618:
6614:
6613:
6606:
6602:
6597:
6593:
6592:
6585:
6581:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6564:
6560:
6555:
6548:
6545:
6541:
6537:
6536:
6529:
6525:
6520:
6516:
6515:
6508:
6504:
6499:
6495:
6494:
6487:
6483:
6478:
6474:
6473:
6466:
6462:
6457:
6453:
6452:
6445:
6441:
6436:
6432:
6431:
6424:
6420:
6415:
6411:
6410:
6403:
6399:
6394:
6390:
6389:
6382:
6378:
6373:
6369:
6368:
6361:
6357:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6340:
6336:
6331:
6327:
6326:
6319:
6315:
6310:
6306:
6305:
6298:
6294:
6289:
6285:
6284:
6277:
6273:
6268:
6264:
6263:
6256:
6252:
6247:
6240:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6224:
6223:
6216:
6212:
6207:
6203:
6202:
6195:
6191:
6186:
6183:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6172:
6165:
6161:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6144:
6140:
6135:
6131:
6130:
6123:
6119:
6114:
6110:
6109:
6102:
6098:
6093:
6089:
6088:
6081:
6077:
6072:
6068:
6067:
6060:
6056:
6051:
6047:
6046:
6039:
6035:
6030:
6026:
6025:
6018:
6014:
6009:
6005:
6004:
5997:
5993:
5988:
5984:
5983:
5976:
5972:
5967:
5963:
5962:
5955:
5951:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5934:
5930:
5925:
5921:
5920:
5913:
5909:
5904:
5900:
5899:
5892:
5888:
5883:
5879:
5878:
5871:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5857:
5850:
5846:
5841:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5822:
5818:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5801:
5797:
5792:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5778:
5771:
5767:
5762:
5758:
5757:
5750:
5746:
5741:
5737:
5736:
5729:
5725:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5708:
5704:
5699:
5695:
5694:
5687:
5683:
5678:
5674:
5673:
5666:
5662:
5657:
5653:
5652:
5645:
5641:
5636:
5632:
5631:
5624:
5620:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5603:
5599:
5594:
5590:
5589:
5582:
5578:
5573:
5569:
5568:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5540:
5536:
5531:
5527:
5526:
5519:
5515:
5510:
5506:
5505:
5498:
5494:
5489:
5485:
5484:
5477:
5473:
5468:
5464:
5463:
5456:
5452:
5447:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5428:
5424:
5419:
5415:
5414:
5407:
5403:
5398:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5384:
5377:
5373:
5368:
5364:
5363:
5356:
5352:
5347:
5343:
5342:
5335:
5331:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5314:
5310:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5293:
5289:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5272:
5268:
5263:
5259:
5258:
5251:
5247:
5242:
5238:
5237:
5230:
5226:
5221:
5217:
5216:
5209:
5205:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5188:
5184:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5167:
5163:
5158:
5154:
5153:
5146:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5125:
5121:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5104:
5100:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5083:
5079:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5062:
5058:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5025:
5018:
5014:
5009:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4995:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4967:
4963:
4958:
4954:
4953:
4946:
4942:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4925:
4921:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4904:
4900:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4883:
4879:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4862:
4858:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4841:
4837:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4799:
4795:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4778:
4774:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4757:
4753:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4736:
4732:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4715:
4711:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4694:
4690:
4685:
4681:
4680:
4673:
4669:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4650:
4646:
4641:
4637:
4636:
4629:
4625:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4599:
4595:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4536:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4515:
4511:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4450:
4446:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4427:
4420:
4416:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4378:
4374:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4357:
4353:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4336:
4332:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4315:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4292:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4241:
4237:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4218:
4214:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4160:earth metals
4157:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4022:
4017:
4015:
4010:
4008:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3953:
3949:
3942:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3923:, p. 541
3922:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3896:
3893:
3882:on 2017-08-13
3878:
3871:
3865:
3862:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3754:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3573:(3): 030001.
3572:
3568:
3564:
3557:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3532:(4): 044315.
3531:
3527:
3523:
3515:
3512:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3466:(3): 030001.
3465:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3435:
3430:
3426:
3423:(3): 030001.
3422:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3388:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3241:gun-type bomb
3238:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3176:
3172:
3171:Plutonium-240
3165:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:165 (capture)
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3039:cross section
3036:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3023:
3018:
3017:Plutonium-238
3011:Plutonium-238
3010:
3004:24,110 years
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2859:Plutonium-239
2853:Plutonium-239
2852:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2827:14.325 years
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2789:24,110 years
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2695:cross section
2688:
2682:
2680:
2679:weapons grade
2675:
2671:
2670:cross section
2663:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2645:neptunium-237
2641:
2639:
2635:
2634:americium-243
2630:
2628:
2624:
2623:nuclear waste
2619:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2601:, one of the
2600:
2599:americium-241
2596:
2590:
2588:
2587:fast neutrons
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2567:cross section
2564:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2519:
2518:Transmutation
2515:
2508:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2489:Plutonium-244
2487:
2484:
2483:cross section
2480:
2479:Plutonium-242
2477:
2474:
2473:americium-241
2470:
2466:
2465:Plutonium-241
2463:
2460:
2459:fast reactors
2457:but can fuel
2456:
2452:
2451:reactor grade
2448:
2444:
2443:weapons grade
2440:
2436:
2435:Plutonium-240
2433:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2405:more neutrons
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2385:Plutonium-239
2383:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2371:neptunium-237
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2355:Plutonium-238
2353:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2259:
2257:
2256:15–24 Ma
2254:
2247:
2245:
2239:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2212:
2211:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2169:
2163:
2150:
2145:
2129:
2125:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2107:24.1 ka
2106:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2050:
2046:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2012:
2009:
1998:
1996:
1984:
1983:
1965:
1962:
1950:
1944:
1926:
1923:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:Cluster decay
1567:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1382:
1379:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:SF (5.5×10%)
1306:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1226:SF (2.4×10%)
1225:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1207:
1204:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1178:CD (1.3×10%)
1177:
1176:
1172:
1170:SF (5.7×10%)
1169:
1168:
1158:
1155:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:SF (3.1×10%)
1090:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1034:CD (1.4×10%)
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:SF (1.9×10%)
1025:
1024:
1014:
1011:
997:
993:
990:
988:
986:
984:
981:
975:
974:
971:
968:
965:
963:
960:
957:
951:
950:
946:
943:
942:
933:
930:
914:
911:
907:
906:
902:
899:
896:
895:
891:
888:
885:
884:
875:
872:
856:
852:
849:
848:
839:
836:
820:
816:
813:
812:
803:
800:
784:
780:
777:
776:
767:
764:
759:233.04300(5)
748:
744:
741:
740:
731:
728:
725:
709:
705:
702:
701:
692:
689:
673:
669:
666:
665:
656:
653:
637:
633:
630:
629:
620:
617:
612:229.04015(6)
601:
597:
594:
591:
590:
581:
578:
563:228.03874(3)
552:
547:
544:
536:
531:
525:
517:
509:
501:
496:
495:Isotopic mass
491:
490:
484:
483:
474:
468:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:beta emission
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:atomic weight
420:
416:
414:
409:
405:
404:radioisotopes
401:
397:
393:
390:, and thus a
389:
385:
381:
373:
362:
357:
355:
350:
348:
343:
342:
339:
331:
326:
325:
322:
319:
314:
300:
296:
292:
287:
286:
283:
280:
275:
261:
257:
253:
248:
247:
244:
241:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
222:
219:14.329 y
215:
210:
206:
202:
197:
196:
193:
190:
185:
171:
167:
163:
158:
157:
154:
151:
146:
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
103:
96:
91:
87:
84:
83:product
81:
79:
76:
69:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
53:
50:
43:
39:
27:
23:
6924:
6865:Categories:
6841:
6820:
6799:
6778:
6757:
6736:
6715:
6694:
6673:
6663:
6652:
6631:
6610:
6589:
6568:
6533:
6512:
6491:
6470:
6449:
6428:
6407:
6386:
6365:
6344:
6323:
6302:
6281:
6260:
6220:
6199:
6169:
6148:
6127:
6106:
6085:
6064:
6043:
6022:
6001:
5980:
5959:
5938:
5917:
5896:
5875:
5854:
5826:
5805:
5775:
5754:
5733:
5712:
5691:
5670:
5649:
5628:
5607:
5586:
5565:
5544:
5523:
5502:
5481:
5460:
5432:
5411:
5381:
5360:
5339:
5318:
5297:
5276:
5255:
5234:
5213:
5192:
5171:
5150:
5129:
5108:
5087:
5066:
5043:
5022:
4992:
4971:
4950:
4929:
4908:
4887:
4866:
4845:
4824:
4803:
4782:
4761:
4740:
4719:
4698:
4677:
4654:
4633:
4603:
4582:
4561:
4540:
4519:
4498:
4475:
4454:
4424:
4403:
4382:
4361:
4340:
4319:
4296:
4275:
4245:
4222:
4198:Noble gases
4153:Hydrogen and
3977:
3959:. Retrieved
3939:
3916:
3895:
3884:. Retrieved
3877:the original
3864:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3744:. Retrieved
3739:
3726:
3709:
3696:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3642:
3634:
3621:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3529:
3525:
3514:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3437:
3420:
3416:
3366:
3326:
3322:
3281:
3277:
3234:
3199:
3187:nuclear bomb
3169:
3020:
2874:
2808:6,561 years
2668:The fission
2667:
2642:
2631:
2618:fast reactor
2607:
2591:
2552:
2532:nuclear fuel
2529:
2449:(7–19%) and
2283:
2202:1.33 Ma
2002:
1964:29–97 a
1925:10–29 a
1835:
1826:
1817:
1809:
1718:
1706:
1691:
1682:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1556:
1547:
1539:
1534:
1521:
1498:
1294:
1293:
1218:α (.00245%)
1077:
1076:
903:
667:β (<27%)
654:α (>73%)
488:
481:
418:
417:
370:
67:
3973:"Plutonium"
3719:quadrillion
3159:87.7 years
2960:23 minutes
2885:uranium-238
2881:uranium-233
2877:uranium-235
2869:criticality
2770:2.356 days
2681:plutonium.
2659:Manufacture
2614:californium
2583:fissionable
2548:uranium-238
2542:portion of
2536:uranium-235
2469:beta decays
2421:uranium-238
2379:alpha decay
2280:80 Ma
1848:<0.001%
1845:0.04–1.25%
1777:decay chain
1698:product of
1660:product of
1628:Bold symbol
1394:SF (.123%)
1380:α (99.88%)
1205:β (99.99%)
1044:CD (6×10%)
944:α (.0042%)
889:(1.37×10%)
850:α (.0027%)
837:β (99.99%)
765:β (99.88%)
439:alpha decay
431:decay modes
413:meta states
100:87.7 y
6976:Categories
3921:Miner 1968
3886:2013-03-15
3780:1509.08054
3672:(2): 299.
3255:References
3173:undergoes
3140:2.11 days
3102:6.75 days
3045:Half-life
3042:decay mode
2982:2.36 days
2916:Half-life
2913:decay mode
2705:Half-life
2447:fuel grade
2445:(<7%),
2367:spacecraft
1865:4–6 a
1724:primordial
1397:(various)
1310:(various)
1229:(various)
1173:(various)
1094:(various)
1029:(various)
892:(various)
378:Pu) is an
6987:Plutonium
3961:August 6,
3805:2041-1723
3631:radon-222
3613:233794940
3597:1674-1137
3548:2469-9985
3506:233794940
3490:1674-1137
3377:CRC Press
3329:: 3–128,
3284:: 3–128,
3195:implosion
2627:gamma ray
2579:actinides
2335:þ,
2322:ƒ,
2005:half-life
1782:Half-life
1773:Actinides
801:EC (94%)
778:α (.12%)
543:abundance
508:Half-life
455:neptunium
421:range in
408:half-life
372:Plutonium
311:10 y
272:10 y
182:10 y
143:10 y
63:half-life
26:plutonium
6867:Isotopes
6832:Isotopes
6811:Isotopes
6790:Isotopes
6769:Isotopes
6748:Isotopes
6727:Isotopes
6706:Isotopes
6685:Isotopes
6664:Isotopes
6643:Isotopes
6622:Isotopes
6601:Isotopes
6580:Isotopes
6559:Isotopes
6524:Isotopes
6503:Isotopes
6482:Isotopes
6461:Isotopes
6440:Isotopes
6419:Isotopes
6398:Isotopes
6377:Isotopes
6356:Isotopes
6335:Isotopes
6314:Isotopes
6293:Isotopes
6272:Isotopes
6251:Isotopes
6211:Isotopes
6190:Isotopes
6182:⑧
6160:Isotopes
6139:Isotopes
6118:Isotopes
6097:Isotopes
6076:Isotopes
6055:Isotopes
6034:Isotopes
6013:Isotopes
5992:Isotopes
5971:Isotopes
5950:Isotopes
5929:Isotopes
5908:Isotopes
5887:Isotopes
5866:Isotopes
5845:Isotopes
5817:Isotopes
5796:Isotopes
5788:⑦
5766:Isotopes
5745:Isotopes
5724:Isotopes
5703:Isotopes
5682:Isotopes
5661:Isotopes
5640:Isotopes
5619:Isotopes
5598:Isotopes
5577:Isotopes
5556:Isotopes
5535:Isotopes
5514:Isotopes
5493:Isotopes
5472:Isotopes
5451:Isotopes
5423:Isotopes
5402:Isotopes
5394:⑥
5372:Isotopes
5351:Isotopes
5330:Isotopes
5309:Isotopes
5288:Isotopes
5267:Isotopes
5246:Isotopes
5225:Isotopes
5204:Isotopes
5183:Isotopes
5162:Isotopes
5141:Isotopes
5120:Isotopes
5099:Isotopes
5078:Isotopes
5057:Isotopes
5034:Isotopes
5013:Isotopes
5005:⑤
4983:Isotopes
4962:Isotopes
4941:Isotopes
4920:Isotopes
4899:Isotopes
4878:Isotopes
4857:Isotopes
4836:Isotopes
4815:Isotopes
4794:Isotopes
4773:Isotopes
4752:Isotopes
4731:Isotopes
4710:Isotopes
4689:Isotopes
4668:Isotopes
4645:Isotopes
4624:Isotopes
4616:④
4594:Isotopes
4573:Isotopes
4552:Isotopes
4531:Isotopes
4510:Isotopes
4489:Isotopes
4466:Isotopes
4445:Isotopes
4437:③
4415:Isotopes
4394:Isotopes
4373:Isotopes
4352:Isotopes
4331:Isotopes
4310:Isotopes
4287:Isotopes
4266:Isotopes
4258:②
4236:Isotopes
4213:Isotopes
4205:①
4158:Alkaline
4028:Isotopes
3990:68029938
3952:Archived
3906:Archived
3823:25601158
3773:: 5956.
3627:polonium
3313:(2003),
3268:(2003),
2713:Fission
2575:MOX fuel
900:(2×10%)
742:α (11%)
703:α (13%)
690:β (87%)
631:β (50%)
618:α (50%)
541:Isotopic
522:Daughter
22:Isotopes
6834:
6813:
6792:
6771:
6750:
6729:
6708:
6687:
6666:
6645:
6624:
6603:
6582:
6561:
6542:
6526:
6505:
6484:
6463:
6442:
6421:
6400:
6379:
6358:
6337:
6316:
6295:
6274:
6253:
6213:
6192:
6162:
6141:
6120:
6099:
6078:
6057:
6036:
6015:
5994:
5973:
5952:
5931:
5910:
5889:
5868:
5847:
5819:
5798:
5768:
5747:
5726:
5705:
5684:
5663:
5642:
5621:
5600:
5579:
5558:
5537:
5516:
5495:
5474:
5453:
5425:
5404:
5374:
5353:
5332:
5311:
5290:
5269:
5248:
5227:
5206:
5185:
5164:
5143:
5122:
5101:
5080:
5059:
5036:
5015:
4985:
4964:
4943:
4922:
4901:
4880:
4859:
4838:
4817:
4796:
4775:
4754:
4733:
4712:
4691:
4670:
4647:
4626:
4596:
4575:
4554:
4533:
4512:
4491:
4468:
4447:
4417:
4396:
4375:
4354:
4333:
4312:
4289:
4268:
4238:
4215:
4061:
4030:of the
3982:540–546
3931:Sources
3814:4309418
3785:Bibcode
3674:Bibcode
3605:1774641
3575:Bibcode
3498:1774641
3468:Bibcode
3331:Bibcode
3286:Bibcode
3226:kiloton
3034:Isotope
3031:Element
2900:Isotope
2897:Element
2710:Capture
2697:(barns)
2690:Isotope
2563:fertile
2559:neutron
2540:fission
2389:fissile
2324:fissile
1842:4.5–7%
1785:range (
1434:(9/2−)
1356:(1/2+)
1132:(5/2+)
843:(5/2+)
814:α (6%)
696:(3/2+)
595:(rare)
575: s
524:isotope
476:Nuclide
400:isotope
388:uranium
4148:Period
3988:
3821:
3811:
3803:
3746:4 July
3721:years.
3611:
3603:
3595:
3546:
3504:
3496:
3488:
3383:
3315:"The N
3270:"The N
2653:curium
2610:curium
2332:(NORM)
1540:σ
1490:1/2+#
1389:Trace
1165:Trace
1086:Trace
1021:Trace
771:5/2+#
729:(89%)
624:3/2+#
535:parity
303:trace
264:synth
174:trace
135:trace
28:
6923:Main
4046:Group
3955:(PDF)
3944:(PDF)
3880:(PDF)
3873:(PDF)
3775:arXiv
3736:(PDF)
3609:S2CID
3502:S2CID
3413:(PDF)
3317:UBASE
3272:UBASE
2840:0.001
2837:19.16
2818:363.0
2802:0.064
2799:287.5
2783:747.9
2780:270.7
2761:77.03
2745:14.11
2742:20.57
2726:0.000
2723:2.683
2700:Decay
2674:barns
2585:with
2393:split
1801:yield
1336:7/2+
1247:1/2+
1211:5/2+
1112:7/2−
1083:1/2+
969:1/2+
937:7/2−
514:Decay
214:synth
178:6.561
139:2.411
95:trace
49:Decay
6847:102
6826:101
6805:100
6226:120
6205:119
6175:118
6154:117
6133:116
6112:115
6091:114
6070:113
6049:112
6028:111
6007:110
5986:109
5965:108
5944:107
5923:106
5902:105
5881:104
5860:103
3986:LCCN
3963:2014
3819:PMID
3801:ISSN
3748:2016
3635:days
3601:OSTI
3593:ISSN
3544:ISSN
3494:OSTI
3486:ISSN
3381:ISBN
2932:5·10
2929:2.68
2879:and
2821:1012
2702:Mode
2415:and
2403:and
2397:slow
1506:view
1475:153
1447:152
1419:151
1371:150
1321:149
1281:148
1196:147
1147:146
1064:145
1003:144
922:143
864:142
828:141
792:140
756:139
717:138
681:137
645:136
609:135
560:134
530:Spin
516:mode
453:and
437:and
360:edit
353:talk
346:view
307:8.00
268:3.75
78:mode
6784:99
6763:98
6742:97
6721:96
6700:95
6679:94
6658:93
6637:92
6616:91
6595:90
6574:89
6539:70
6518:69
6497:68
6476:67
6455:66
6434:65
6413:64
6392:63
6371:62
6350:61
6329:60
6308:59
6287:58
6266:57
6222:Ubn
6201:Uue
5832:88
5811:87
5781:86
5760:85
5739:84
5718:83
5697:82
5676:81
5655:80
5634:79
5613:78
5592:77
5571:76
5550:75
5529:74
5508:73
5487:72
5466:71
5438:56
5417:55
5387:54
5366:53
5345:52
5324:51
5303:50
5282:49
5261:48
5240:47
5219:46
5198:45
5177:44
5156:43
5135:42
5114:41
5093:40
5072:39
5049:38
5028:37
4998:36
4977:35
4956:34
4935:33
4914:32
4893:31
4872:30
4851:29
4830:28
4809:27
4788:26
4767:25
4746:24
4725:23
4704:22
4683:21
4660:20
4639:19
4609:18
4588:17
4567:16
4546:15
4525:14
4504:13
4481:12
4460:11
4430:10
3850:doi
3809:PMC
3793:doi
3682:doi
3583:doi
3534:doi
3476:doi
3425:doi
3339:doi
3327:729
3294:doi
3282:729
3218:pit
3179:5.8
3150:238
3131:238
3112:237
3093:237
3077:5.3
3074:236
3055:235
2998:750
2995:271
2992:239
2970:239
2948:239
2926:238
2522:LWR
2292:Th
2271:Pu
2252:Cm
2236:Pd
2231:Zr
2217:Np
2208:Cs
2188:Se
2174:Pu
2167:Cm
2160:Sn
2155:Tc
2133:Np
2123:Pa
2118:Th
2104:Pu
2086:Cm
2081:Cm
2069:Am
2064:Cm
2059:Th
2054:Pu
2044:Bk
2039:Ra
2025:Cf
2018:Am
1994:Am
1989:Cf
1980:Sn
1975:Sm
1970:Cs
1960:Cm
1955:Pu
1941:Cd
1936:Kr
1931:Sr
1921:Ac
1916:Cf
1911:Pu
1906:Cm
1882:Bk
1873:Eu
1855:Ra
1838:+ 3
1829:+ 2
1820:+ 1
1799:by
1795:of
1775:by
1595:SF:
1585:IT:
1575:EC:
1565:CD:
1487:Am
1472:94
1469:Pu
1462:0+
1459:Am
1444:94
1441:Pu
1431:Am
1416:94
1413:Pu
1408:Cm
1386:0+
1368:94
1343:Pu
1333:Am
1318:94
1315:Pu
1300:0+
1278:94
1254:Pu
1234:Pu
1208:Am
1193:94
1183:Si
1162:0+
1144:94
1119:Pu
1099:Pu
1061:94
1051:Mg
1039:Si
1018:0+
1000:94
976:Pu
966:Pu
952:Pu
934:Np
931:EC
919:94
916:Pu
879:0+
861:94
858:Pu
840:Np
825:94
822:Pu
807:0+
804:Np
789:94
786:Pu
768:Np
753:94
750:Pu
735:0+
732:Np
714:94
711:Pu
693:Np
678:94
675:Pu
670:Np
660:0+
642:94
639:Pu
634:Np
606:94
603:Pu
598:Np
585:0+
570:+20
567:1.1
557:94
554:Pu
532:and
386:by
71:1/2
34:Pu)
24:of
6978::
6961:Pu
6956:Pu
6951:Pu
6946:Pu
6941:Pu
6936:Pu
6843:No
6822:Md
6801:Fm
6780:Es
6759:Cf
6738:Bk
6717:Cm
6696:Am
6675:Pu
6654:Np
6612:Pa
6591:Th
6570:Ac
6535:Yb
6514:Tm
6493:Er
6472:Ho
6451:Dy
6430:Tb
6409:Gd
6388:Eu
6367:Sm
6346:Pm
6325:Nd
6304:Pr
6283:Ce
6262:La
6171:Og
6150:Ts
6129:Lv
6108:Mc
6087:Fl
6066:Nh
6045:Cn
6024:Rg
6003:Ds
5982:Mt
5961:Hs
5940:Bh
5919:Sg
5898:Db
5877:Rf
5856:Lr
5828:Ra
5807:Fr
5777:Rn
5756:At
5735:Po
5714:Bi
5693:Pb
5672:Tl
5651:Hg
5630:Au
5609:Pt
5588:Ir
5567:Os
5546:Re
5504:Ta
5483:Hf
5462:Lu
5434:Ba
5413:Cs
5383:Xe
5341:Te
5320:Sb
5299:Sn
5278:In
5257:Cd
5236:Ag
5215:Pd
5194:Rh
5173:Ru
5152:Tc
5131:Mo
5110:Nb
5089:Zr
5045:Sr
5024:Rb
4994:Kr
4973:Br
4952:Se
4931:As
4910:Ge
4889:Ga
4868:Zn
4847:Cu
4826:Ni
4805:Co
4784:Fe
4763:Mn
4742:Cr
4700:Ti
4679:Sc
4656:Ca
4605:Ar
4584:Cl
4521:Si
4500:Al
4477:Mg
4456:Na
4426:Ne
4409:9
4388:8
4367:7
4346:6
4325:5
4302:4
4298:Be
4281:3
4277:Li
4251:2
4247:He
4228:1
4140:18
4135:17
4130:16
4125:15
4120:14
4115:13
4110:12
4105:11
4100:10
3984:.
3950:.
3846:41
3844:.
3840:.
3817:.
3807:.
3799:.
3791:.
3783:.
3769:.
3765:.
3738:.
3704:".
3680:.
3670:71
3668:.
3607:.
3599:.
3591:.
3581:.
3571:45
3569:.
3565:.
3542:.
3530:96
3528:.
3524:.
3500:.
3492:.
3484:.
3474:.
3464:45
3462:.
3458:.
3421:45
3419:.
3415:.
3400:^
3379:.
3375::
3356:.
3352:.
3337:,
3325:,
3321:,
3292:,
3280:,
3276:,
3183:10
3146:Pu
3127:Np
3108:Np
3058:99
2988:Pu
2973:30
2966:Np
2954:15
2951:22
2833:Pu
2814:Pu
2795:Pu
2776:Pu
2757:Np
2304:U
2299:U
2264:I
2243:U
2143:U
2138:U
1948:U
1789:)
1712:Pu
1668:^
1484:β
1456:β
1428:β
1403:ββ
1383:U
1364:Pu
1330:β
1290:α
1274:Pu
1221:U
1189:Pu
1181:Hg
1159:U
1156:α
1140:Pu
1073:α
1057:Pu
1049:Mg
1047:Yb
1037:Hg
1015:U
1012:α
996:Pu
962:IT
947:U
910:Mg
905:Pb
898:CD
887:SF
876:U
873:α
853:U
817:U
781:U
745:U
727:EC
706:U
657:U
621:U
582:U
579:α
572:−5
500:Da
465:.
376:94
332:–
328:SF
299:Pu
293:–
289:SF
260:Pu
254:–
250:SF
231:Am
209:Pu
203:–
199:SF
170:Pu
164:–
160:SF
131:Pu
125:–
120:SF
90:Pu
32:94
6916:e
6909:t
6902:v
6633:U
5525:W
5362:I
5068:Y
4721:V
4635:K
4563:S
4542:P
4405:F
4384:O
4363:N
4342:C
4321:B
4224:H
4095:9
4090:8
4085:7
4080:6
4075:5
4070:4
4065:3
4057:2
4052:1
4020:e
4013:t
4006:v
3992:.
3965:.
3889:.
3858:.
3852::
3825:.
3795::
3787::
3777::
3771:6
3750:.
3688:.
3684::
3676::
3654:.
3615:.
3585::
3577::
3550:.
3536::
3508:.
3478::
3470::
3431:.
3427::
3389:.
3360:.
3341::
3333::
3296::
3288::
3181:×
3156:α
3153:—
3137:β
3134:—
3118:α
3099:β
3096:—
3089:U
3080:α
3070:U
3061:α
3051:U
3001:α
2979:β
2976:1
2957:β
2944:U
2935:α
2922:U
2871:.
2843:α
2824:β
2805:α
2786:α
2767:β
2764:–
2748:β
2738:U
2729:α
2719:U
2524:.
2509:.
2475:.
2461:.
1836:n
1834:4
1827:n
1825:4
1818:n
1816:4
1810:n
1808:4
1797:U
1787:a
1761:e
1754:t
1747:v
1700:U
1662:U
1529:.
1295:U
1078:U
593:β
502:)
498:(
489:N
482:Z
427:u
374:(
321:U
316:α
309:×
282:U
277:α
270:×
243:U
238:α
225:β
192:U
187:α
180:×
153:U
148:α
141:×
112:U
106:α
73:)
68:t
66:(
30:(
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