390:
866:. Results showed 99.6 percent of voters favoured extending Karimov's term. The United States criticised the referendum for its "lack of public debate," and noted several instances where one person cast the votes of an entire family. Following the referendum, in 1996, restrictions on opposition were further tightened through the Law on Political Parties. This law ensured the right to meetings, publications and elections of opposition parties, but only to those who had registered with the Ministry of Justice. This policy allowed for government blockage of unapproved parties. Political parties based on ethnic, religious, military or subversive ideas were prohibited. At the time, Karimov publicly stated that he considered the referendum to be a re-election to a second term, which under the Constitution would have required him to leave office in 2000. However, the legislature passed a resolution opposing the decision, leading Karimov to announce he would run for reelection in 2000.
1083:
5079:
2100:
1443:
1330:
2066:
2081:
1427:
1901:
1959:
996:. Namangani died in Afghanistan in 2001, and Tohir Yoʻldosh was killed in an air strike on 27 August 2009. From 1991 to 2004, the government imprisoned over 7,000 Uzbeks for "Islamist extremism", and silenced Imams like Muhammad Rajab, who advocated for more open democracy in the early 1990s. These fears of extremism arose out of discourse among the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) of a "Jihad against the Karimov regime". The government of Uzbekistan retains fears of "large-scale all-encompassing anti-state conspiracies" and "echoes of
1067:
959:
2047:
1886:
836:
1848:
1299:, preventing people from dispersing home. Instead, they drove the crowd into a closed street, Chulpon Avenue, where snipers and police shot to kill. These scenes of deliberate killings prompted eyewitnesses to allege that troops not only shot to disperse the demonstration, but to summarily execute anyone who took part in it. Later, some tortured detainees recounted that police said they had received orders supposedly emanating from the president himself to shoot to kill.
2013:
1867:
2131:
1225:
introduces an opportunity for government censorship, as the definition of "accountability" was left to the
Karimov and now is left to the successive Presidential administration's discretion. Article 29 states that all freedom of media expression is to be allowed with the exceptions of releasing state secrets and statements against the Constitution. The printed media of Uzbekistan has a high number of publications, but is dominated by three:
2119:
1797:
637:
1460:
2032:
1978:
2202:
642:
2174:
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912:
80:
874:, 99.6% had elected to keep Karimov in office after his term had expired, but ballots had been created such that it was much easier for voters to cast a "yes" vote than a "no" vote. Unmarked ballots, as well as ballots of those who did not vote, were automatically counted as "yes" votes, while a full black mark, under the supervision of authorities, was necessary to count as a "no" vote.
870:, he was reelected with 91.9% of the vote. The United States said that this election "was neither free nor fair and offered Uzbekistan's voters no true choice". The sole opposition candidate, Abdulhafiz Jalalov, implicitly admitted that he entered the race only to make it seem democratic and publicly stated that he voted for Karimov. According to dissident writer Alisher Ilkhamov from the
1407:, is known in Uzbekistan for her role in promoting education and sports, as well as championing the rights of children. She is the founder of major charity organizations in Uzbekistan: "You are not alone", Republican Social Children's Fund for helping orphans, and Republican Center for Social Adaptation of Children, mainly focusing on disabled children and those from vulnerable groups.
1825:
1920:
680:
425:
1811:
2150:
1939:
1237:. The state owns almost all media, and the State Control Inspecorate, located in Tashkent, secures tight editorial control. Topics deemed "sensitive" are not considered for publishing. A ban is in place that prevents publications that give space to "unregistered opinions". Arrests of journalists have been documented in Tashkent and Samarkand.
1549:, was appointed the head of the committee organizing the funeral of the president. A large number of world leaders, including the Presidents of the United States, China, Russia, and India immediately expressed their condolences. Uzbekistan declared three days of mourning and Uzbek embassies opened the book of condolences. Azeri President
951:. The move was criticized by Human Rights Watch which said the U.S. government subordinated the promotion of human rights to assistance in the War in Afghanistan. U.S.-Uzbek relations deteriorated in May 2005 when Karimov's government strongly encouraged the abandonment of the U.S. base in the face of U.S. government criticism of the
1004:" became the umbrella term to refer to all strains of "extremist" Islam; it did not necessarily refer to the Islamic sect that originated in Saudi Arabia. Ordinary practicing Muslims have been targeted and jailed without trial, and frequent use of torture and occasional "disappearances" have been reported. In 2005 Karimov banned the
1052:. He won 90.39% of votes from a voter turnout of 91.08%. This was his third term under Uzbekistan's current constitution. The election was criticized by the Western media and observers as being rigged, while the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation deemed the election open and democratic.
2188:
1157:, the British Ambassador from 2002 to 2004, described widespread torture, kidnapping, murder, rape by the police, financial corruption, religious persecution, censorship and other human rights abuses. This included the case of Karimov's security forces executing prisoners Muzafar Avazov and Khuzniddin Alimov by
1260:
opposition parties. The
Karimov government charged each publication on the grounds of being "disloyal to the current regime". In December 1995, Karimov was quoted in describing local journalists as "toothless". Karimov had essentially called for more criticism in printed material, but only "approved"
930:
revised the 'Law on
Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations' to impose new restrictions on religious groups. The construction of mosques, for example, required permission and specific documentation. An assassination attempt on Karimov in 1999 elicited even more repression of Islamic groups.
1395:
Board of
Trustees and a number of NGOs focused on cultural and social aspects of life in Uzbekistan. However, his first daughter is seen as less than altruistic and allegations that her "organizations" are mere front organizations for her vast business holdings and image propping propaganda are well
896:
led to the creation of paradoxically named GONGOs, or
Government-Organised Non-Governmental Organisations. Trade unions became "an instrument of management rather than a means of interest group-based collective bargaining". The Karimov government required universities to serve a strictly pedagogical
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1240:
As a propaganda tool, the state strictly controls the tone and subject material of all published works. State censors give preference to works that provide a positive, uplifting ideology to its readers. Criticism that passes the censors is limited to low and mid-level officers. Although the
Karimov
846:
Uzbekistan under the
Karimov government was classified as a hard authoritarian state. The state's primary legitimacy claims are anti-Islamism and ethnic identity. Karimov's primary authoritarian measures that were implemented following the brief period of "thaw" and political tolerance include the
1536:
expressed his condolences for the death of
Karimov in a televised meeting becoming the first official to confirm the death. According to the government report, Karimov was in stable neurological condition in a coma, but progressively began to experience multiple organ failure. He suffered another
1479:
At approximately 9 a.m. on 27 August 2016, an unconscious
Karimov was taken to the Central Clinical Hospital, according to the official medical report by the government of Uzbekistan. He underwent a CT scan that revealed he had suffered a "massive subarachnoid hemorrhage" (stroke). He went into
1264:
In May 2002, the
Karimov administration lifted the pre-publication censorship, and fined the chief censor, Ervin Kamilov. The State Inspectorate for the Protection of State Secrets was disbanded. Two days later, the administration proceeded to reinstate further censorship measures. Among topics
1681:
arrived in Samarkand to pay tribute to Karimov. Kneeling in front of the grave of the first President of Uzbekistan, the Russian leader laid a bouquet of red roses. In addition, Putin met with the relatives of the deceased and expressed condolences to them. On 12 September, Kazakh President
1774:
1224:
freedom of expression in the media is nominally guaranteed; Article 67 explicitly states, "Censorship is not permitted." However, under the Karimov government, all media publications had to be "held accountable for the reliability" of the information released. This "accountability" actually
5482:
1993:
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From 1966 to 1986, he worked his way up the ranks in the Uzbek State Planning Committee, from chief specialist, to department head, to Minister of Finance of the Uzbek SSR, chairman of the State Planning Committee and deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR.
1098:
His isolationism defined foreign policy. Karimov was courted by the big powers for geopolitical leverage and Uzbekistan's gas supplies, but he kept all at arms' length, suspicious of Russia's post-colonial aims and the US-led "democratization" agenda. In 1999, he criticised the
1241:
regime during the 1990s assumed a greater tolerance for foreign media, the state has heavily limited foreign publications during the past decade. There has been a considerable reduction of Russian-sponsored broadcasting, and Western media has diminished in publication as well.
389:
1760:
1000:" Among Karimov's anti-Islamist policies was the purge of Muslim leaders. Karimov led a crackdown on Adolat, a league of Muslim activists. Explicit fears of threats of Islamic extremism also led to a crackdown of displays of Islamic practice in public. The term "
1475:
Karimov's health problems were a public conversation, but until 2016, Karimov's health was never discussed by government officials and any information was closely guarded. There were rumors in March 2013 that he had suffered a heart attack, which were denied.
1318:, which the Uzbek government blamed for fomenting the incident that led to the protests. He believes that the attacks were a pretext to repress dissenters. According to Yakubov, President Karimov personally ordered government troops to fire on the protestors.
888:
Karimov took fewer foreign visits, especially to the West, in comparison to his Kazakh counterpart. There were few foreign embassies in Tashkent as of 2016, with only 44 in all: 29 from countries not part of the former Soviet Union and seven from the West.
1568:
On 3 September, thousands of people lined the streets of Tashkent for Karimov's funeral procession, throwing flowers at the cortege, as he was taken to the airport to be flown to his native Samarkand, where he was buried. His funeral service was held at
757:, and his mother was Sanobar Karimova. He was sent to an orphanage in 1941, brought back in 1942, and then returned to the orphanage in 1945. In 1955, he graduated from high school. In 1960, he graduated from the Central Asian Polytechnic Institute (now
1212:
Karimov's Party apparatus gained effective control over the media during the immediate independence period. Because of a poor human rights and democratization record, the Karimov administration worked to improve its image by allowing broadcasts from
5235:
1294:
According to detailed accounts, on 13 May 2005, some 400 of the 500 protesters staging an anti-government demonstration were killed after being driven deliberately into a trap – authorities had blocked all the exits from Bobur Square with
1031:
Following the election on 23 December 2007, preliminary official results showed Karimov winning with 88.1% of the vote, on a turnout rate that was placed at 90.6%. Observers from groups allied to the Karimov administration such as the
5462:
1518:, which represents the opposition, that he had died that day at 15:30 UZT. On 31 August, Karimova-Tillyaeva cited possible "recovery", thus implying that her father was still alive. On 1 September, the 25th anniversary of
5497:
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In November 2014, Uzbek students published a letter on the opposition party website, Dunyo Uzbeklari (World of Uzbeks) to protest the use of students as unpaid labour to pick the nation's cotton harvest every year.
1399:
It has been reported that since February 2014, Gulnara has been under house arrest. She has been under investigation on charges of corruption, but has said that the "charges against her are politically motivated".
1044:
criticized the election as lacking a "genuine choice", while others deemed the election, a "political charade", given that all three of Karimov's rivals began their campaign speeches by singing Karimov's praises.
721:, with 86% of the vote. Foreign observers and the opposition cited voting irregularities, alleging state-run propaganda and a falsified vote count. Karimov's first presidential term was extended to 2000 by way of
5221:
1480:
cardiac arrest but cardiac activity was restored after 20 minutes of resuscitation attempts. He was in an "atonic coma with inhibition of the functions of the brain stem" and put on a ventilator. His daughter
740:
He ruled a repressive authoritarian regime in Uzbekistan where political opponents were assassinated, human rights were repressed, and dissent was prohibited, however capital punishment was repealed in 1998.
807:, Karimov declared Uzbekistan to be an independent republic, the second of the Central Asian republics to do so (after neighboring Kyrgyzstan); 1 September was declared Uzbekistan's Independence Day. The
5512:
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1522:, Karimov's speech was read on TV by a presenter. Karimova-Tillyaeva stated that public support was helping him recover and pleaded with the public not to speculate on his condition.
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to run for a third term. On 19 November, the Central Election Commission announced the approval of Karimov's candidacy, a decision that Karimov's opponents condemned as illegal.
926:
Karimov had originally cultivated Islamic symbols after independence in order to coopt religious opposition. In May 1999, as a response to the threat of Islamic radicalism, the
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Committee of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR. In 1989, he became first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR, after his predecessor
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in 2002. Murray became noted within the British government for memos disagreeing with official UK and US policy, which was at the time to back up Karimov as part of the
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purpose and not as a branch of civil society; they had to provide students with skills for the workplace without an emphasis on the skill of critique of public issues.
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714:(O‘zXDP); he led the O‘zXDP until 1996. He was the President of the Uzbek SSR from 24 March 1990 until he declared the independence of Uzbekistan on 1 September 1991.
2691:
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Muzafar Avazov and Khuzniddin Alimov, who were accused of belonging to an Islamic extremist group died on August 8, 2002, after being boiled to death in hot water.
3343:
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paid a working visit to Uzbekistan. He laid roses to Karimov's grave, met his wife, and held talks with Interim President Mirziyoyev. Turkish Foreign Minister
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also visited Karimov's burial site. He laid a bouquet of red roses, prayed beside his grave, and met Karimov's wife. On 6 October, Belarusian President
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On the morning of 2 September, it was announced that Karimov was in a "critical condition" and his condition has deteriorated sharply. A few hours later
4522:
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812:
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1024:, despite arguments that he was ineligible because of the two-term limit on the presidency. On 6 November 2007, Karimov accepted the nomination of the
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601:
596:
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581:
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916:
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1123:, the threat to peace, security and democratic reforms in the neighbouring states of Central Asia will remain, and the source of international
770:
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paid tribute to Karimov on 24 December, during his working visit to Uzbekistan. On 7 March 2017, Presidents of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan
1442:
761:) with a degree in mechanical engineering. He started his career as an engineer, eventually joining the Ministry of Water Resources of the
533:
3765:
737:, each time receiving over 90% of the vote. He died from a stroke on 2 September 2016, after being president of the country for 25 years.
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3304:
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cardiac arrest at 20:15 UZT on 2 September and attempts to resuscitate him failed, and he was pronounced dead at 20:55 UZT (15:55 UTC).
1307:
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In response to the military sanctions imposed by the US and Europe, Karimov expelled US forces from the Karshi-Khanabad Military Base.
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4089:[Medical report on the illness and cause of death of Islam Karimov] (in Russian). Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
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According to the official medical report, numerous experts were consulted on Karimov's condition on 27 and 28 August, including
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4812:"Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana Decorato di Gran Cordone S.E. Islam Abduganievich Karimov"
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prohibited in Uzbekistan's publications are official corruption, opposition political parties and Islamic organizations.
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Schatz, Edward (2006). "Access by Accident: Legitimacy Claims and Democracy Promotion in Authoritarian Central Asia".
4731:
CCTV News Content - Samarkand, Uzbekistan - Nov 12, 2016 3. Wang paying tribute to late Uzbek President Islam Karimov
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4338:
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1999:
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Karimov married his first wife, Natalya Petrovna Kuchmi, in 1964 and they had a son together, Petr, before divorcing.
4811:
3716:
3646:
1958:
1426:
4781:
4311:
2052:
1722:
visited the grave of Islam Karimov on 18 November, as a part of his official visit to Uzbekistan. Kyrgyz President
1296:
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558:
548:
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3215:
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lost its broadcast rights. Uzbekistan has one state-run internet server, UZPAK, that blocks prohibited websites.
1217:. A tarnished record had harmed the efforts to gain greater access to developmental aid and foreign investment.
958:
5351:
5045:
2086:
1964:
1530:
1170:
1066:
871:
5361:
5148:
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1573:, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The ceremony was attended by delegations of 17 foreign countries, including
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95:
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1885:
1853:
1500:
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In 1995, a few months before Karimov's term was due to expire, his term was extended until 2000 through a
753:
to Uzbek parents who were civil servants. According to official data his father was Abdug'ani Karimov, an
706:, from the country's independence in 1991 until his death in 2016. He was the last First Secretary of the
538:
2663:
1276:
In 2015, Karimov came under widespread criticism when he was elected to a fourth term in office from the
4826:"Ar Triju Zvaigžņu ordeni apbalvoto personu reģistrs apbalvošanas secībā, sākot no 2004. gada 1.oktobra"
1707:
982:
organizations which have been designated as terrorist by his government. The Uzbek government sentenced
5321:
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1503:; Amir Samii, medical director of the International Neuroscience Institute in Hannover; Hugo Katus of
1415:
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1983:
1715:
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declared 5 September as an official day of mourning due to the death of the President of Uzbekistan.
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800:. On 24 March 1990, he was elected the first President of the Republic by the Uzbek Supreme Soviet.
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Uzbekistan Daily : Square in center of Moscow named after Islam Karimov 01 November 2016 17:06
2873:
1830:
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1175:
702:; 30 January 1938 – 2 September 2016) was an Uzbek politician who served as the first president of
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also paid tribute to Karimov. On 1 November, a square in the Yakimanka district in the center of
835:
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2973:"A year after the despot's death: An Uzbek spring has sprung, but summer is still a long way off"
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Members of the Central Committee of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2943:"Refworld | U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2002 - Uzbekistan"
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is an Uzbekistani diplomat, professor and businessperson. She is the founder and chairperson of
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2012:
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1992:
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3303:. U.S. Department of State: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 25 February 2004.
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from being broadcast in the country; the ban was lifted in November 2017 by his successor,
717:
He declared Uzbekistan as an independent nation on 31 August 1991. He subsequently won the
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1977:
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Members of the Politburo of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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636:
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5107:
5102:
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3094:"Torture an iron fist and twisted logic set stage for Islam Karimovs landslide victory"
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1606:
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selected Karimov as one of the world's worst dictators, citing his tactics of torture,
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987:
975:
920:
840:
820:
819:, 86 percent of the public cast their votes for Karimov and 12.3 percent for his rival
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4659:Çavuşoğlu, Semerkant'ta Eski Özbekistan Cumhurbaşkanı Kerimov'un Kabrini Ziyaret Etti
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2493:"Authoritarianism versus democracy in Uzbekistan: domestic and international factors"
2136:
1945:
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reported the death of Karimov citing three diplomatic sources. Around 16:00 UZT the
641:
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4226:"Uzbek President Islam Karimov's independence day speech read out on TV – BBC News"
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2886:
Stuart Horsman (2005). "Themes in Official Discourses on Terrorism in Uzbekistan".
2848:
Latest in a Series of Show Trials Condemns Peaceful Opposition Along with Militants
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2276:. The World Today Series, 47th edition. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
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Andijan Refugees' Report Yields New Findings on 2005 Massacre by Government Forces
911:
4142:
4087:"Медицинское заключение о болезни и причине смерти Ислама Абдуганиевича Каримова"
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laid a wreath at Karimov's grave on 20 October. Other high-ranking officials of
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4671:"Minister of State for External Affairs of India visits grave of Islam Karimov"
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4225:
4113:"President Islam Karimov of Uzbekistan Suffers Brain Hemorrhage, Daughter Says"
3994:
3964:"Jailed Gulnara Karimova Offers $ 686 Million Frozen In Swiss Bank For Freedom"
3501:"Uzbekistan students stage rare protest against forced labour in cotton fields"
3012:
2336:
1824:
5176:
4965:
2169:
1949:
1929:
1695:
1649:
1602:
1578:
1558:
1149:
repeatedly criticised the Karimov administration's record on human rights and
1087:
703:
26:
4921:
3619:
3512:
2866:
4308:"Комиссию по организации похорон Каримова возглавил премьер Шавкат Мирзиёев"
3859:"Uzbekistan's autocratic ruler may have found a way to silence his daughter"
3677:
3400:
Civil and political rights, including the questions of torture and detention
2003:
1738:. On 10 June, during his official visit to Uzbekistan, UN Secretary General
1384:
origin. She is an economist. They had two daughters and five grandchildren.
1124:
1091:
750:
289:
4624:
4361:
4334:
935:
in 2001, Uzbekistan was considered a strategic ally in the United States' "
4169:"Uzbek leader's illness raises fears of power vacuum amid mounting threat"
3054:"Uzbekistan: Official Acquiescence In Karimov Presidential Bid Draws Fire"
1127:
and its expansion well beyond the region's boundaries will be preserved."
4740:
Uzbekistan Daily: President of Turkey to pay official visit to Uzbekistan
4172:
3720:
1857:
1718:
paid tribute to Karimov in Samarkand on 12 November. President of Turkey
1570:
1507:
and Leo Bokeria, the head of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at
1311:
1206:
1001:
997:
979:
308:
5037:
4929:
3239:"Uzbekistan: Will Next Address of Dictator's Daughter be a Prison Cell?"
3175:"Islam Karimov re-elected Uzbekistan's president in predicted landslide"
2791:
Khanabad, Uzbekistan Karshi-Kanabad (K2) Airbase Camp Stronghold Freedom
2554:
Regional Integration Processes in the Commonwealth of Independent States
2397:"Uzbekistan plunged into uncertainty by death of dictator Islam Karimov"
1810:
1706:, as well as Under Secretary for Political Affairs of the United States
679:
424:
4852:"AIBA President awards Order of Merit to Uzbek President Islam Karimov"
4625:"Nazarbayev laid flowers to tomb of late Uzbek President Islam Karimov"
4086:
3907:
3828:"Uzbekistan's first daughter accused of pocketing $ 1bn in phone deals"
3567:
3238:
3207:
2907:
2109:
1653:
1645:
1526:
1315:
1187:
940:
34:
4252:"Uzbek President Islam Karimov in 'critical' condition, official says"
3608:"Islam Karimov Dies at 78, Ending a Long, Ruthless Rule of Uzbekistan"
4200:"As Death Rumors Swirl, Karimov's Daughter Cites Possible 'Recovery'"
2022:
1968:
1711:
1672:
1381:
1310:
who defected to Britain in 2007, the government had "propped up" the
1040:
gave the election a positive assessment. However, observers from the
754:
3452:
Violations of Media Freedom: Journalism and Censorship in Uzbekistan
2149:
1938:
1484:
reported that he was in stable condition at an intensive care ward.
847:
thwarting of alternative political leaders from coalition building.
4307:
4022:"Rumors About Uzbekistan Leader's Health Set Off Succession Debate"
782:
Kashkadarya Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan
3005:"Islam Karimov agreed to remain the president another seven years"
2551:
Czerewacz-Filipowicz, Katarzyna, and Konopelko, Agnieszka (2017).
2246:"Юртбаши умер – да здравствует юртбаши. Каримова сменит Мирзияев?"
2056:
1910:
1734:
opened the first monument of Islam Karimov in the Turkmen city of
1699:
1657:
1637:
1633:
1369:
is clearly visible, who had fallen from grace a few years earlier.
1338:
1328:
1081:
1065:
1005:
957:
834:
678:
5463:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
3735:"US embassy cables: 'The single most hated person' in Uzbekistan"
3073:"Uzbek Incumbent Wins Presidential Poll Without 'Genuine Choice'"
2245:
2367:"Uzbek Leader Islam Karimov Was A Dictator In The Classic Mould"
2156:
1665:
1625:
1438:
laying flowers at the burial site of Karimov on 6 September 2016
851:
5217:
5041:
2630:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 161.
839:
A 2006 Uzbek stamp featuring Karimov and Indian prime minister
683:
Islam Karimov statue adjacent to Registon Square and Mausoleum.
5498:
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class
3887:
3587:
Former Uzbek Spy Accuses Government Of Massacres, Seeks Asylum
3143:"Uzbek leader Karimov wins presidential election by landslide"
1414:
share five grandchildren: (Islam Karimova Jr., Iman Karimova,
1244:
Banned publications under the Karimov administration included
1075:
947:, also known as "K2", which supported U.S.-led efforts in the
5448:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
3647:"Orphaned Dictator: The Making Of Uzbekistan's Islam Karimov"
3577:. EurasiaNet.org (13 November 2010). Retrieved on 2012-04-04.
1280:
of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
943:. Uzbekistan hosted an 800-strong U.S. troop presence at the
788:
failed to quell inter-ethnic clashes and instability in the
780:
In 1986, Karimov assumed the post of first secretary of the
3797:"Uzbekistan's first daughter 'pictured under house arrest'"
2019:
Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
1632:, among other various level state representatives from the
1514:
On 29 August 2016, there were unconfirmed reports from the
1333:
Karimov, Karimov's wife (right) and South Korean President
892:
Under the Karimov government, a heavy regulation policy of
710:
from 1989 to 1991, when the party was reconstituted as the
4752:"Almazbek Atambaev lays flowers to grave of Islam Karimov"
1107:, rather than concentrating on the security issues facing
1103:(OSCE) for paying too much attention to the protection of
955:. In July 2005 U.S. military forces left Karshi-Khanabad.
696:
Islom Abdugʻaniyevich Karimov / Ислом Абдуғаниевич Каримов
5245:
28th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4782:"State Awards Issued by Georgian Presidents in 2003-2015"
4599:"Nazarbayev lays flowers to burial site of Islam Karimov"
1464:
Uzbekistan Announces The Death Of President Islam Karimov
401:
4386:
Xinhua:Chinese premier mourns passing of Uzbek president
4052:"Daughter of Uzbek leader tweets to deny health reports"
1714:
was named after Islam Karimov. Chinese Foreign Minister
3295:"Uzbekistan: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices"
3034:"Uzbek Election Watchdog Clears Karimov For Third Term"
2712:
US slams Uzbek election as unfree, unfair and laughable
2628:
The New Geopolitics of Central Asia and Its Borderlands
2337:"Islam Karimov: Uzbekistan president's death confirmed"
1393:
The Forum of Culture and Arts of Uzbekistan Foundations
5513:
Recipients of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Georgia)
5433:
First secretaries of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan
4278:"Islam Karimov: Turkey announces Uzbek leader's death"
3995:"Uzbekistan opens up on president's health – BBC News"
4465:. Channel News Asia. 3 September 2016. Archived from
2624:"Islam, State-building and Uzbekistan Foreign Policy"
5523:
Self-Sacrifice National Democratic Party politicians
4893:. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs.
4546:"Cuba declares mourning over death of Islam Karimov"
3082:, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 24 December 2007.
3063:, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 21 November 2007.
3043:, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 19 November 2007.
1101:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
1042:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
223:
First Secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan
5543:
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
5167:
5075:
4786:
Institute for Development of Freedom of Information
1944:Golden Order in honor of the 1000th anniversary of
1452:
1278:
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights
396:
384:
360:
342:
315:
298:
272:
267:
251:
239:
221:
209:
197:
178:
159:
147:
132:
112:
93:
46:
5518:Recipients of the Presidential Order of Excellence
3208:"Uzbekistan: The Life and Legacy of Islam Karimov"
792:. From 1990 to 1991, he served as a member of the
2664:Kazakhstan Leader Tightens Grip on Reins of Power
939:" campaign because of a mutual opposition to the
5503:Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
5453:Grand Crosses of the Order of Vytautas the Great
4698:"US Under Secretary Shannon to visit Uzbekistan"
4362:"Latvian President visits Embassy of Uzbekistan"
2941:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
1545:After the death of Karimov, the prime minister,
1190:"institutionalized, systematic, and rampant" in
5548:Recipients of Order of Friendship of Uzbekistan
5528:Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party politicians
3123:Uzbek Leader's Re-Election Dismissed as Charade
1173:. Murray wrote a memoir about his experiences;
4143:"Uzbek President Islam Karimov suffers stroke"
3910:. Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva's Official website.
3897:official web site. Retrieved on 10 April 2009.
2228:, 2nd President of Uzbekistan after I. Karimov
5229:
5053:
2491:Gulsen Aydin, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi,
2469:(in Russian). Echo Moscow. 2 September 2016.
962:Karimov meets with U.S. Secretary of Defense
660:
8:
4962:Obituary: Uzbekistan President Islam Karimov
4335:"Ilham Aliyev visited Embassy of Uzbekistan"
4310:(in Russian). Kommersant. 2 September 2016.
4081:
4079:
4077:
2589:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2557:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 243.
1499:, professor emeritus of neurosurgery at the
1233:, and another Russian-language publication,
1048:Karimov was reelected for a new term in the
953:government killings of protestors in Andijan
108:1 September 1991 – 2 September 2016
2626:. In Banuazizi, Ali; Weiner, Myron (eds.).
2428:"Islam Karimov and the Dictator's Playbook"
68:
62:
5538:Tashkent State Technical University alumni
5236:
5222:
5214:
5060:
5046:
5038:
4970:
3719:. Website Gulnara Karimova. Archived from
3409:United Nations Economic and Social Council
1565:visited Uzbek embassies to sign the book.
667:
653:
415:
43:
3993:Abdurasulov, Abdujalil (29 August 2016).
719:presidential election on 29 December 1991
193:24 March 1990 – 1 September 1991
3970:. Radio Free Liberty. 26 February 2020.
3428:. Parade.com. Retrieved on 4 April 2012.
1441:
1425:
1344:
910:
235:23 June 1989 – 1 September 1991
5443:Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit
4891:Uzbekistan: Politics and Foreign Policy
4463:"Strongman Uzbek leader Karimov buried"
4198:Najibullah, Farangis (31 August 2016).
3741:. US Embassy Cables. 12 December 2010.
3596:. Rferl.org. Retrieved on 4 April 2012.
2936:
2934:
2237:
813:People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan
712:People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan
418:
16:1st president of Uzbekistan (1991–2016)
4910:International Political Science Review
4495:from the original on 10 September 2016
4439:. Voice of America. 3 September 2016.
4421:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4414:
4368:from the original on 15 September 2016
4341:from the original on 15 September 2016
4062:from the original on 15 September 2016
3807:from the original on 17 September 2018
3687:. Nndb.com. Retrieved on 4 April 2012.
3606:Macfarquhar, Neil (2 September 2016).
3445:
3443:
3155:from the original on 17 September 2018
3132:. Iwpr.net. Retrieved on 4 April 2012.
2829:Bombings and Shootings Rock Uzbekistan
2732:"Controllable Democracy in Uzbekistan"
2582:
2515:Politics and Economics of Central Asia
2473:from the original on 18 September 2016
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2297:Politics and Economics of Central Asia
2072:Sash of Collar of Order of Civil Merit
1907:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
1449:
771:Tashkent State University of Economics
432:This article is part of a series about
4762:from the original on 11 November 2017
4578:from the original on 7 September 2016
4552:from the original on 8 September 2016
4525:from the original on 3 September 2016
4515:"Zarif attends Islam Karimov funeral"
4443:from the original on 3 September 2016
4288:from the original on 2 September 2016
4258:from the original on 2 September 2016
3776:from the original on 18 November 2013
3745:from the original on 10 December 2017
3519:from the original on 25 February 2017
3269:"Uzbekistan voices security concerns"
3218:from the original on 6 September 2016
2985:from the original on 15 December 2017
2953:from the original on 13 December 2019
2347:from the original on 3 September 2016
1434:and the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan
1252:, the respective publications of the
915:Karimov (2nd from right) at the 2010
803:On 31 August 1991, 10 days after the
7:
4704:from the original on 3 November 2016
4677:from the original on 3 November 2016
4489:"Uzbeks Bury Late Strongman Karimov"
4032:from the original on 3 November 2017
3869:from the original on 4 February 2017
3346:from the original on 11 January 2022
2867:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)
2644:from the original on 11 January 2022
2571:from the original on 11 January 2022
2331:
2329:
2252:from the original on 4 November 2019
1597:, as well as Russian Prime Minister
1418:, Umar Tillyaev, Safiya Tillyaeva).
1365:on 6 September 2016. The absence of
4491:. Radio Free Europe. 9 March 2016.
4232:from the original on 31 August 2016
4206:from the original on 31 August 2016
4179:from the original on 29 August 2016
4149:from the original on 29 August 2016
4123:from the original on 29 August 2016
4001:from the original on 31 August 2016
3944:from the original on 31 August 2016
3934:"Uzbekistan's feuding first family"
3838:from the original on 24 August 2019
3626:from the original on 27 August 2017
3499:Lillis, Joanna (13 November 2014).
3249:from the original on 30 August 2016
3237:Lillis, Joanna (8 September 2014).
3206:Lillis, Joanna (2 September 2016).
3104:from the original on 14 August 2011
2532:from the original on 17 August 2018
2518:. Nova Publishers. pp. 35–36.
2314:from the original on 17 August 2018
1026:Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party
1022:December 2007 presidential election
1020:Karimov sought another term in the
817:December 1991 presidential election
759:Tashkent State Technical University
4862:from the original on 8 August 2019
4314:from the original on 3 August 2020
4093:from the original on 10 April 2018
4020:Kramer, Andrew E. (6 April 2013).
3857:Joanna Lillis (8 September 2014).
3795:Shaun Walker (16 September 2014).
3307:from the original on 22 March 2020
3275:from the original on 25 March 2018
3187:from the original on 30 March 2015
1113:Commonwealth of Independent States
1038:Commonwealth of Independent States
14:
5468:Party leaders of the Soviet Union
4631:from the original on 25 July 2018
4605:from the original on 5 March 2017
3914:from the original on 30 July 2017
3659:from the original on 2 April 2015
3549:from the original on 28 June 2017
3300:United States Department of State
3092:Halpin, Tony (21 December 2007).
2700:United States Department of State
2689:Uzbekistan Human Rights Practices
2106:Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise
1766:Order of the Red Banner of Labour
1380:, whom he married in 1967, is of
1034:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
966:in the Pentagon on March 13, 2002
907:Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan
868:In the election held at 9 January
564:Restrictions on religious freedom
529:1995 presidential term referendum
5169:
5077:
3974:from the original on 16 May 2020
3645:Pannier, Bruce (24 March 2015).
3419:The World's Worst Dictators-2007
2810:US asked to leave Uzbek air base
2438:from the original on 3 July 2021
2407:from the original on 3 June 2021
2377:from the original on 9 July 2021
2200:
2186:
2172:
2148:
2129:
2117:
2098:
2079:
2064:
2045:
2030:
2011:
1991:
1976:
1957:
1937:
1918:
1899:
1892:Presidential Order of Excellence
1884:
1865:
1846:
1823:
1809:
1795:
1772:
1758:
1458:
640:
635:
423:
388:
78:
5508:Recipients of the Olympic Order
4792:from the original on 9 May 2019
3968:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3826:Joanna Lillis (24 March 2015).
3652:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2300:. Nova Publishers. p. 36.
2141:International Olympic Committee
2038:Order of the Republic of Serbia
1619:Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
1561:, and Pakistani Prime Minister
1509:Moscow State Medical University
1493:Cardiothoracic Center of Monaco
1468:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1215:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
990:, leaders of the IMU, to death
763:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
181:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
4228:. BBC News. 1 September 2016.
3766:"Keeping Up with the Karimovs"
1780:Order of Friendship of Peoples
1505:University Hospital Heidelberg
1353:accompanied with her daughter
1136:Human rights and press freedom
972:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
970:Karimov mobilized against the
811:(UCP) changed its name to the
582:1994–95 parliamentary election
534:2002 constitutional referendum
69:
63:
1:
3678:Karimov's wife, T.A. Karimova
3382:, and Dirty Diplomacy, 2007,
1854:Order of the Balkan Mountains
850:In 1992, he accomplished the
708:Communist Party of Uzbekistan
320:Communist Party of Uzbekistan
277:Islom Abdugʻaniyevich Karimov
23:Eastern Slavic naming customs
4145:. BBC News. 29 August 2016.
2273:Russia and Eurasia 2016-2017
1410:Karimov and his second wife
1192:Uzbekistan's judicial system
949:2001 invasion of Afghanistan
767:master's degree in economics
688:Islam Abduganiyevich Karimov
4437:"Uzbekistan Mourns Karimov"
2900:10.1080/0143659042000322982
2467:"Биография Ислама Каримова"
2000:Order of Vytautas the Great
1403:Karimov's second daughter,
1297:armoured personnel carriers
725:, and he was re-elected in
5564:
2745:, No. 222 (2002) pp. 8–10.
2053:Order of the Golden Fleece
1873:Order of the Golden Fleece
1634:People's Republic of China
1491:, medical director of the
1412:Tatyana Akbarovna Karimova
1378:Tatyana Akbarovna Karimova
1306:, a major in Uzbekistan's
1287:
1165:. Uzbekistan was used for
1142:Human rights in Uzbekistan
1139:
1105:Human rights in Uzbekistan
1059:
1050:2015 presidential election
904:
881:
700:Ислам Абдуганиевич Каримов
549:Constitution of Uzbekistan
355:(m. 1967; 2016; his death)
348:(m. 1964; div. circa 1966)
21:In this name that follows
20:
5252:
5204:
5022:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4986:
4978:
4973:
4284:. BBC. 2 September 2016.
4254:. ABC. 2 September 2016.
3405:28 September 2007 at the
3271:. BBC. 19 November 1999.
2737:29 September 2017 at the
2124:Order of Merit (Ukraine)
1926:Order of the Golden Eagle
1742:visited Karimov's grave.
1732:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1583:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
1557:, Chinese Prime Minister
1520:Uzbekistan's independence
1457:
1186:The United Nations found
699:
695:
410:
327:People's Democratic Party
292:, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union
263:
228:
186:
101:
89:
77:
60:
5493:Presidents of Uzbekistan
5438:Corruption in Uzbekistan
4974:Party political offices
4922:10.1177/0192512106064463
3888:Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva:
3706:Government of Uzbekistan
3059:11 December 2007 at the
3039:11 December 2007 at the
2815:18 February 2006 at the
2796:22 February 2018 at the
2512:Armanini, A. J. (2002).
2294:Armanini, A. J. (2002).
2087:Grand Order of Mugunghwa
1965:Order of the Three Stars
1664:. The State Council of
1531:Prime Minister of Turkey
1169:and for the air base in
1086:U.S. Secretary of State
1074:meeting with Karimov in
872:Open Society Foundations
805:attempted coup in Moscow
334:Liberal Democratic Party
5488:Politicide perpetrators
5016:President of Uzbekistan
4988:First Secretary of the
3770:Foreign Policy Magazine
3573:9 December 2011 at the
3326:Rashid, Ahmed (2009) .
2853:20 October 2008 at the
2834:9 November 2007 at the
2502:, (Ankara: METU, 2004).
2270:Hierman, Brent (2016).
1482:Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva
1405:Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva
1167:extraordinary rendition
878:Administrative policies
765:. In 1967, he earned a
630:Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva
96:President of Uzbekistan
4889:Bohr, Annette (1998).
3702:4 January 2007 at the
3458:11 August 2011 at the
2872:7 October 2001 at the
2216:Politics of Uzbekistan
1622:Yıldırım Tuğrul Türkeş
1501:University of Helsinki
1447:
1439:
1370:
1361:met Russian President
1342:
1229:, its Russian edition
1183:in the United States.
1095:
1079:
1062:Politics of Uzbekistan
967:
923:
901:Policies towards Islam
884:Politics of Uzbekistan
858:Election controversies
843:
684:
571:Parliamentary election
539:1999 Tashkent bombings
5473:People from Samarkand
5392:Dzhumgalbek Amanbayev
5149:Inomjon Usmonxoʻjayev
5069:Leaders of Uzbekistan
4627:. 12 September 2016.
3893:15 March 2018 at the
3683:14 March 2009 at the
2888:Third World Quarterly
2717:23 March 2004 at the
2498:1 August 2017 at the
1817:Order of Independence
1445:
1429:
1348:
1332:
1194:. For several years,
1085:
1069:
1006:Muslim call to prayer
961:
914:
838:
809:Uzbek Communist Party
745:Early life and career
682:
524:Independence election
5317:Nursultan Nazarbayev
5267:Mykolas Burokevičius
5190:Nigmatilla Yuldashev
5134:Nuritdin Mukhitdinov
5026:Nigmatilla Yuldashev
4574:. 6 September 2016.
4572:"Визит в Узбекистан"
4521:. 3 September 2016.
4403:on 17 September 2016
3764:STROEHLEIN, Andrew.
3717:"NGO's and projects"
3592:10 July 2012 at the
3449:Human Rights Watch,
3128:5 March 2016 at the
3078:12 June 2008 at the
3052:Shukhrat Babajanov,
2981:. 14 December 2017.
2694:11 July 2010 at the
2622:Hale, Henry (1994).
2603:Schatz, pp. 263–284.
2403:. 2 September 2016.
2343:. 2 September 2016.
1984:Cross of Recognition
1720:Recep Tayyip Erdogan
1704:United Arab Emirates
1688:Alexander Lukashenko
1684:Nursultan Nazarbayev
1662:United Arab Emirates
1630:Mohammad Javad Zarif
1615:Giorgi Kvirikashvili
1553:, Latvian President
1541:Funeral and tributes
1516:Ferghana News Agency
1446:Mausoleum of Karimov
1163:global war on terror
945:Karshi-Khanabad base
933:September 11 attacks
749:Karimov was born in
505:Leader of Uzbekistan
166:Nigmatilla Yuldashev
5533:Critics of Islamism
5282:Alexander Dzasokhov
4998:Position abolished
4957:Profile on BBC News
4469:on 3 September 2016
3723:on 13 January 2013.
3372:Murder in Samarkand
3015:on 11 November 2007
2874:Library of Congress
1998:Grand Cross of the
1831:Order of Amir Temur
1387:His elder daughter
1284:2005 Andijan unrest
1176:Murder in Samarkand
1115:(CIS). "As long as
825:Erk (Freedom) Party
139:Shukrullo Mirsaidov
119:Abdulhashim Mutalov
5322:Saparmyrat Nyýazow
5307:Vladimir Movsisyan
5196:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
5125:Sirodzh Nurutdinov
5004:Political offices
4952:Official biography
4175:. 29 August 2016.
4119:. 29 August 2016.
4117:The New York Times
4026:The New York Times
3612:The New York Times
3545:. 5 January 2016.
3543:Human Rights Watch
3462:(1 May 1996), D07.
3424:1 May 2008 at the
3329:Descent into Chaos
3148:The Globe and Mail
2857:Human Rights Watch
2838:Yale Global Online
2743:Middle East Report
2730:Alisher Ilkhamov,
2226:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
1803:Hero of Uzbekistan
1728:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
1724:Almazbek Atambayev
1547:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
1448:
1440:
1436:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
1430:Russian President
1371:
1343:
1341:, 11 February 2010
1222:Uzbek Constitution
1159:boiling them alive
1096:
1080:
1070:Russian President
1010:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
968:
964:Donald H. Rumsfeld
924:
844:
823:, chairman of the
685:
204:Office established
173:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
154:Office established
127:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
51:Hero of Uzbekistan
5410:
5409:
5297:Absamat Masaliyev
5277:Stanislav Hurenko
5257:Mikhail Gorbachev
5211:
5210:
5036:
5035:
5023:Succeeded by
4058:. 26 March 2013.
3339:978-0-14-311557-1
3183:. 30 March 2015.
3151:. 30 March 2015.
2876:Web Archives CNS.
2668:Los Angeles Times
2426:Schenkkan, Nate.
2282:978-1-4758-2898-6
2180:Uzbekistan portal
2163:
2162:
1836:
1835:
1785:
1784:
1628:Foreign Minister
1473:
1472:
1422:Illness and death
1246:Mustaqil Haftalik
1220:According to the
1153:. In particular,
815:(O‘zXDP). In the
794:Central Committee
677:
676:
514:
450:
449:
414:
413:
294:(now Uzbekistan)
179:President of the
5555:
5377:Anatoly Malafeev
5347:Enn-Arno Sillari
5262:Vladimir Ivashko
5238:
5231:
5224:
5215:
5206:* denotes acting
5175:
5173:
5172:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5039:
5031:
4979:Preceded by
4971:
4941:
4904:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4858:. 16 July 2016.
4848:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4828:. Archived from
4822:
4816:
4815:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4747:
4741:
4738:
4732:
4729:
4723:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4420:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4399:. Archived from
4393:
4387:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4083:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3940:. 16 July 2014.
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3904:
3898:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3713:
3707:
3694:
3688:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3603:
3597:
3584:
3578:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3496:
3490:
3489:Bohr, pp. 75–76.
3487:
3481:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3463:
3447:
3438:
3435:
3429:
3416:
3410:
3397:
3391:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3139:
3133:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3089:
3083:
3070:
3064:
3050:
3044:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3011:. Archived from
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2938:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2883:
2877:
2864:
2858:
2845:
2839:
2826:
2820:
2807:
2801:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2746:
2728:
2722:
2709:
2703:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2671:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2588:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2509:
2503:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2463:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2291:
2285:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2242:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2196:
2194:Biography portal
2191:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2155:Order of Merit (
2152:
2133:
2121:
2102:
2083:
2068:
2049:
2034:
2015:
1995:
1980:
1961:
1941:
1922:
1903:
1894:(Georgia, 2013)
1888:
1869:
1850:
1843:
1842:
1827:
1813:
1799:
1792:
1791:
1776:
1762:
1755:
1754:
1740:António Guterres
1692:Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu
1671:On 6 September,
1555:Raimonds Vejonis
1497:Juha Hernesniemi
1462:
1461:
1450:
1416:Mariam Tillyaeva
1389:Gulnara Karimova
1376:Karimov's wife,
1367:Gulnara Karimova
1290:Andijan massacre
1203:media censorship
1094:in November 2015
1090:with Karimov in
701:
697:
669:
662:
655:
644:
639:
620:Gulnara Karimova
615:Tatyana Karimova
554:Andijan massacre
508:
446:
445:
444:
442:
434:
433:
427:
420:
419:
416:
406:
403:
392:
356:
352:Tatyana Karimova
349:
338:
331:
324:
305:
302:2 September 2016
286:
284:
268:Personal details
258:Office abolished
254:
242:
233:
216:Office abolished
212:
200:
191:
170:
162:
150:
143:
135:
115:
106:
82:
73:
72:
71:
66:
65:
44:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5552:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5397:Gregory Yeremey
5382:Stepan Pogosyan
5372:Gennady Yanayev
5342:Galina Semenova
5312:Ayaz Mutallibov
5302:Qahhor Mahkamov
5292:Petru Lucinschi
5272:Givi Gumbaridze
5248:
5242:
5212:
5207:
5200:
5170:
5168:
5163:
5144:Sharof Rashidov
5117:Pyotr Yakovlev*
5098:Kuprian Kirkizh
5093:Vladimir Ivanov
5078:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5019:
4993:
4990:Communist Party
4984:
4948:
4907:
4901:
4888:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4865:
4863:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4835:
4833:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4795:
4793:
4788:. 10 May 2018.
4780:
4779:
4775:
4765:
4763:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4739:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4717:
4707:
4705:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4680:
4678:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4644:
4634:
4632:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4581:
4579:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4555:
4553:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4528:
4526:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4498:
4496:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4472:
4470:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4446:
4444:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4413:
4406:
4404:
4397:"Archived copy"
4395:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4371:
4369:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4344:
4342:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4317:
4315:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4291:
4289:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4261:
4259:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4209:
4207:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4182:
4180:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4126:
4124:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4085:
4084:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4035:
4033:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4004:
4002:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3977:
3975:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3947:
3945:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3895:Wayback Machine
3886:
3882:
3872:
3870:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3704:Wayback Machine
3695:
3691:
3685:Wayback Machine
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3629:
3627:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3594:Wayback Machine
3585:
3581:
3575:Wayback Machine
3566:
3562:
3552:
3550:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3522:
3520:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3460:Wayback Machine
3448:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3426:Wayback Machine
3417:
3413:
3407:Wayback Machine
3398:
3394:
3366:
3362:
3349:
3347:
3340:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3221:
3219:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3188:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3130:Wayback Machine
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3080:Wayback Machine
3071:
3067:
3061:Wayback Machine
3051:
3047:
3041:Wayback Machine
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2865:
2861:
2855:Wayback Machine
2846:
2842:
2836:Wayback Machine
2827:
2823:
2817:Wayback Machine
2808:
2804:
2800:Global Security
2798:Wayback Machine
2789:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:Schatz, p. 269.
2753:
2749:
2739:Wayback Machine
2729:
2725:
2719:Wayback Machine
2710:
2706:
2696:Wayback Machine
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2638:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2612:Bohr, pp. 5–29.
2611:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2581:
2574:
2572:
2565:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2526:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2500:Wayback Machine
2490:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2348:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2308:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2221:Jamshid Karimov
2208:Politics portal
2206:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2168:
1841:
1790:
1753:
1748:
1613:Prime Minister
1605:Prime Minister
1599:Dmitry Medvedev
1593:, president of
1585:, president of
1577:, president of
1571:Registan Square
1543:
1534:Binali Yıldırım
1459:
1453:External videos
1424:
1349:Karimov's wife
1327:
1292:
1286:
1231:Narodnoye Slovo
1181:Dirty Diplomacy
1171:Karshi-Khanabad
1144:
1138:
1133:
1064:
1058:
1018:
909:
903:
886:
880:
860:
833:
747:
673:
634:
625:Jamshid Karimov
606:
568:
515:
513:
502:
440:
438:
437:
436:
435:
431:
430:
400:
380:
354:
350:
347:
346:Natalya Kuchmi
336:
332:
329:
325:
322:
316:Political party
307:
303:
293:
288:
287:30 January 1938
282:
280:
279:
278:
252:
240:
234:
229:
210:
198:
192:
187:
171:
168:
160:
148:
141:
133:
125:
123:Oʻtkir Sultonov
121:
113:
107:
102:
85:
84:Karimov in 2002
67:
61:
56:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5561:
5559:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5458:Karimov family
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5415:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5402:Mikhail Surkov
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5352:Sergey Sokolov
5349:
5344:
5339:
5337:Alfrēds Rubiks
5334:
5332:Yuri Prokofiev
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5218:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5187:
5181:
5179:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5154:Rafiq Nishonov
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5123:
5118:
5115:
5110:
5108:Isaak Zelensky
5105:
5103:Nikolai Gikalo
5100:
5095:
5089:
5087:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5057:
5050:
5042:
5034:
5033:
5024:
5021:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4985:
4982:Rafiq Nishonov
4980:
4976:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4959:
4954:
4947:
4946:External links
4944:
4943:
4942:
4916:(3): 263–284.
4905:
4899:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4843:
4832:on 12 May 2013
4817:
4803:
4773:
4742:
4733:
4724:
4715:
4688:
4661:
4652:
4642:
4616:
4589:
4563:
4536:
4506:
4480:
4454:
4428:
4388:
4379:
4352:
4325:
4299:
4269:
4243:
4217:
4190:
4160:
4134:
4104:
4073:
4043:
4012:
3985:
3955:
3925:
3899:
3880:
3849:
3818:
3787:
3756:
3726:
3708:
3689:
3670:
3637:
3598:
3579:
3560:
3530:
3491:
3482:
3473:
3464:
3439:
3430:
3411:
3392:
3388:978-1416548027
3380:978-1845961947
3360:
3338:
3318:
3286:
3260:
3229:
3198:
3166:
3134:
3115:
3084:
3065:
3045:
3026:
2996:
2964:
2930:
2921:
2894:(1): 199–213.
2878:
2859:
2840:
2821:
2802:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2723:
2704:
2681:
2672:
2662:Bivens, Matt.
2655:
2636:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2563:
2543:
2524:
2504:
2484:
2449:
2432:Foreign Policy
2418:
2388:
2358:
2325:
2306:
2286:
2263:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2197:
2183:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2145:
2144:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2108:, 2nd degree (
2103:
2095:
2094:
2084:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2027:
2026:
2016:
2008:
2007:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1954:
1953:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1851:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1708:Thomas Shannon
1679:Vladimir Putin
1607:Karim Massimov
1575:Emomali Rahmon
1542:
1539:
1489:Gilles Dreyfus
1471:
1470:
1455:
1454:
1432:Vladimir Putin
1423:
1420:
1326:
1323:
1308:secret service
1288:Main article:
1285:
1282:
1235:Pravda Vostoka
1207:fake elections
1147:Western states
1140:Main article:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1072:Vladimir Putin
1057:
1056:Foreign policy
1054:
1017:
1014:
988:Juma Namangani
984:Tohir Yoʻldosh
976:Hizb ut-Tahrir
921:Moscow Kremlin
902:
899:
879:
876:
859:
856:
841:Manmohan Singh
832:
829:
821:Muhammad Salih
790:Fergana Region
786:Rafiq Nishonov
746:
743:
675:
674:
672:
671:
664:
657:
649:
646:
645:
633:
632:
627:
622:
617:
605:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
567:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
509:
501:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
452:
451:
448:
447:
428:
412:
411:
408:
407:
398:
394:
393:
386:
382:
381:
379:
378:
373:
368:
364:
362:
358:
357:
344:
340:
339:
317:
313:
312:
306:(aged 78)
300:
296:
295:
276:
274:
270:
269:
265:
264:
261:
260:
255:
249:
248:
246:Rafiq Nishonov
243:
237:
236:
226:
225:
219:
218:
213:
207:
206:
201:
195:
194:
184:
183:
176:
175:
163:
157:
156:
151:
145:
144:
136:
134:Vice President
130:
129:
116:
114:Prime Minister
110:
109:
99:
98:
91:
90:
87:
86:
83:
75:
74:
58:
57:
54:
47:
31:Abduganiyevich
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5560:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5357:Yegor Stroyev
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5327:Ivan Polozkov
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5287:Islam Karimov
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5246:
5239:
5234:
5232:
5227:
5225:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5203:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5185:Islam Karimov
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5166:
5160:
5159:Islam Karimov
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5139:Sobir Kamolov
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5121:Usman Yusupov
5119:
5116:
5114:
5113:Akmal Ikramov
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5074:
5070:
5063:
5058:
5056:
5051:
5049:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5027:
5018:
5017:
5011:
5007:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4992:
4991:
4983:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4906:
4902:
4900:1-86203-081-2
4896:
4892:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4877:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4847:
4844:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4818:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4774:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4750:UzDaily.com.
4746:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4728:
4725:
4719:
4716:
4703:
4699:
4696:UzDaily.com.
4692:
4689:
4676:
4672:
4669:UzDaily.com.
4665:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4604:
4600:
4597:UzDaily.com.
4593:
4590:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4564:
4551:
4547:
4544:UzDaily.com.
4540:
4537:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4507:
4494:
4490:
4484:
4481:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4402:
4398:
4392:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4367:
4363:
4360:UzDaily.com.
4356:
4353:
4340:
4336:
4333:UzDaily.com.
4329:
4326:
4313:
4309:
4303:
4300:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4270:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4218:
4205:
4201:
4194:
4191:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4016:
4013:
4000:
3996:
3989:
3986:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3884:
3881:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3853:
3850:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3819:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3788:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3760:
3757:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3674:
3671:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3641:
3638:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3564:
3561:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3495:
3492:
3486:
3483:
3477:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3322:
3319:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3230:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3199:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3119:
3116:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3027:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2978:The Economist
2974:
2968:
2965:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2685:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2670:, 1995-04-23.
2669:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2643:
2639:
2637:9780253209184
2633:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2570:
2566:
2564:9783319475639
2560:
2556:
2555:
2547:
2544:
2531:
2527:
2525:9781590331828
2521:
2517:
2516:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2419:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2313:
2309:
2307:9781590331828
2303:
2299:
2298:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2264:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2184:
2181:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2137:Olympic Order
2135:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2002:, 1st class (
2001:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1336:
1335:Lee Myung-bak
1331:
1325:Personal life
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:organization
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:Ikram Yakubov
1302:According to
1300:
1298:
1291:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1267:Radio Liberty
1262:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:press freedom
1148:
1143:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:war continues
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
994:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
965:
960:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:War on Terror
934:
929:
922:
918:
913:
908:
900:
898:
895:
890:
885:
877:
875:
873:
869:
865:
857:
855:
853:
848:
842:
837:
830:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
744:
742:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
705:
693:
689:
681:
670:
665:
663:
658:
656:
651:
650:
648:
647:
643:
638:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
611:
610:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
577:1990 election
575:
574:
573:
572:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
544:IMU-Uzbek War
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
520:
519:
512:
507:
506:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
455:
454:
453:
443:
441:Islam Karimov
429:
426:
422:
421:
417:
409:
405:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
377:
374:
372:
369:
366:
365:
363:
359:
353:
345:
341:
335:
328:
323:(Before 1991)
321:
318:
314:
310:
301:
297:
291:
275:
271:
266:
262:
259:
256:
250:
247:
244:
238:
232:
227:
224:
220:
217:
214:
208:
205:
202:
196:
190:
185:
182:
177:
174:
167:
164:
158:
155:
152:
146:
140:
137:
131:
128:
124:
120:
117:
111:
105:
100:
97:
92:
88:
81:
76:
70:Islom Karimov
64:Ислом Каримов
59:
55:Islam Karimov
52:
45:
40:
36:
33: and the
32:
28:
24:
19:
5387:Lembit Annus
5286:
5184:
5158:
5129:Amin Niyazov
5014:
5009:
4997:
4987:
4913:
4909:
4890:
4883:Bibliography
4864:. Retrieved
4855:
4846:
4834:. Retrieved
4830:the original
4820:
4806:
4794:. Retrieved
4785:
4776:
4764:. Retrieved
4755:
4745:
4736:
4727:
4718:
4706:. Retrieved
4691:
4679:. Retrieved
4664:
4655:
4645:
4635:13 September
4633:. Retrieved
4619:
4609:13 September
4607:. Retrieved
4592:
4580:. Retrieved
4566:
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2240:
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1670:
1591:Ashraf Ghani
1587:Turkmenistan
1567:
1563:Nawaz Sharif
1551:Ilham Aliyev
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402:islomkarimov
311:, Uzbekistan
304:(2016-09-02)
257:
253:Succeeded by
230:
215:
211:Succeeded by
203:
188:
161:Succeeded by
153:
142:(until 1992)
103:
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5428:2016 deaths
5423:1938 births
5367:Oleg Shenin
5362:Ivan Frolov
5247:(1990–1991)
4766:11 November
4756:UzDaily.com
4582:6 September
4556:6 September
4529:4 September
4499:3 September
4473:3 September
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4407:7 September
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4292:2 September
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4097:3 September
4066:1 September
4036:1 September
4005:1 September
3918:20 November
3908:"Biography"
3873:17 December
3842:17 December
3811:17 December
3780:15 November
3749:15 November
3663:3 September
3390:, Scribner.
3332:. Penguin.
3311:2 September
3253:6 September
3222:6 September
3019:13 November
3009:Ferghana.ru
2989:16 December
2536:2 September
2477:2 September
2351:2 September
2318:2 September
2091:South Korea
1736:Türkmenabat
1642:South Korea
1595:Afghanistan
1261:criticism.
1179:, retitled
1121:Afghanistan
993:in absentia
928:Oliy Majlis
919:meeting in
698:; Russian:
337:(2007–2016)
330:(1991–2007)
241:Preceded by
199:Preceded by
149:Preceded by
35:family name
5417:Categories
5177:Uzbekistan
5020:1991–2016
5010:New office
4994:1989–1991
4966:BBC Online
4708:1 November
4681:1 November
4202:. RFE/RL.
3243:EurasiaNet
3212:EurasiaNet
3100:. London.
2721:EurasiaNet
2648:18 October
2575:18 October
2233:References
1950:Kyrgyzstan
1930:Kazakhstan
1696:Azerbaijan
1660:, and the
1650:Azerbaijan
1579:Tajikistan
1559:Li Keqiang
1359:Mirziyoyev
1227:Khalq Sozi
1088:John Kerry
1060:See also:
931:After the
905:See also:
882:See also:
864:referendum
831:Presidency
704:Uzbekistan
518:Government
468:Fidokorlar
283:1938-01-30
27:patronymic
5085:Uzbek SSR
4938:145546950
4866:27 August
4210:31 August
4183:29 August
4153:29 August
4127:29 August
3697:Biography
3620:0362-4331
3513:0261-3077
3098:The Times
2957:27 August
2916:144248829
2819:BBC News.
2585:cite book
2284:. p. 314.
2004:Lithuania
1986:(Latvia)
1676:President
1131:Criticism
1125:terrorism
1092:Samarkand
798:Politburo
751:Samarkand
511:1989–2016
385:Signature
343:Spouse(s)
290:Samarkand
231:In office
189:In office
104:In office
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4930:20445055
4860:Archived
4836:8 August
4790:Archived
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4702:Archived
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4417:cite web
4366:Archived
4339:Archived
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4286:Archived
4282:BBC News
4256:Archived
4230:Archived
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4177:Archived
4173:NBC News
4147:Archived
4121:Archived
4091:Archived
4060:Archived
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3999:Archived
3978:20 April
3972:Archived
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3344:Archived
3305:Archived
3279:25 March
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3126:Archived
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3037:Archived
2983:Archived
2951:Archived
2947:Refworld
2870:Archived
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2436:Archived
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2375:Archived
2371:Sky News
2345:Archived
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2250:Archived
2166:See also
2159:, 2016)
2074:(Spain)
1971:, 2008)
1952:, 1995)
1913:, 1997)
1858:Bulgaria
1788:Domestic
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1199:magazine
1111:and the
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1002:Wahhabis
998:Basmachi
980:Islamist
361:Children
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169:(acting)
4056:Reuters
3630:21 June
3553:21 June
3523:21 June
2908:3993771
2110:Ukraine
1877:Georgia
1839:Foreign
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1673:Russian
1654:Armenia
1646:Ukraine
1626:Iranian
1527:Reuters
1357:and PM
1351:Tatyana
1316:Akramia
1254:Birilik
1188:torture
1078:in 2015
941:Taliban
602:2014–15
597:2009–10
592:2004–05
473:UzLiDeP
397:Website
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1197:Parade
978:, two
609:Family
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4796:9 May
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2912:S2CID
2904:JSTOR
2057:Spain
1946:Manas
1911:Italy
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1658:Japan
1638:India
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1363:Putin
1339:Seoul
769:from
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4856:AIBA
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2991:2017
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