Islamic culture - Knowledge (XXG)

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have eaten, except what you slaughter, and what is sacrificed on stones set up (for idols) and that you divide by the arrows; that is a transgression. This day have those who disbelieve despaired of your religion, so fear them not, and fear Me. This day have I perfected for you your religion and completed My favor on you and chosen for you Islam as a religion; but whoever is compelled by hunger, not inclining willfully to sin, then surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

1525: 1514: 3515:) to the bride, as stipulated in the contract. With Muslims coming from diverse backgrounds including 49 Muslim-majority countries, plus a strong presence as large minorities throughout the world there are many variations on Muslim weddings. Generally in a Muslim family, a woman's sphere of operation is the home and a man's corresponding sphere is the outside world. However, in practice, this separation is not as rigid as it appears. 2107: 6849: 20: 5584: 2032:, which can "roughly" be seen as their eventual successors, took this tradition over. Persian was the official court language of the empire, and for some time, the official language of the empire, though the lingua franca amongst common people from the 15th/16th century would become Turkish as well as having laid an active "foundation" for the Turkic language as early as the 4th century (see 1876: 2091: 2821:– an intentionally metaphorical term whose meaning is best translated as 'shadows of the imagination' or 'shadow of fancy' survives. This is a shadow play with live music .."the accompaniment of drums, tambourines and flutes...also..."special effects" – smoke, fire, thunder, rattles, squeaks, thumps, and whatever else might elicit a laugh or a shudder from his audience" 6873: 1384: 729: 3232: 2651: 2247:

prohibition of idolatry, but many Muslims regard such images as forbidden. In secular art of the Muslim world, representations of human and animal forms historically flourished in nearly all Islamic cultures, although, partly because of opposing religious sentiments, figures in paintings were often stylized, giving rise to a variety of decorative figural designs.

6861: 5532: 2436: 2310:, it encompasses a diverse array of works created in a wide variety of contexts. The prevalence of calligraphy in Islamic art is not directly related to its non-figural tradition; rather, it reflects the centrality of the notion of writing and written text in Islam. Muhammad is said to have said: "The first thing God created was the pen." 793: 4133:

the Persians after Firdausi. His nisbah designates him as a native of Ganja (Elizavetpol, Kirovabad) in Azerbaijan, then still a country with an Iranian population, and he spent the whole of his life in Transcaucasia; the verse in some of his poetic works which makes him a native of the hinterland of Qom is a spurious interpolation."

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Forbidden to you is that which dies of itself, and blood, and flesh of swine, and that on which any other name than that of Allah has been invoked, and the strangled (animal) and that beaten to death, and that killed by a fall and that killed by being smitten with the horn, and that which wild beasts

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is pronounced in the right ear of the child. In the seventh day, the aquiqa ceremony is performed, in which an animal is slaughtered and its meat is distributed among the poor. The head of the child is also shaved, and an amount of money equaling the weight of the child's hair is donated to the poor.

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All these regions were connected by trade long before the Islamic conquests of the 7th century and later, and it is likely that musical styles travelled the same routes as trade goods. However, lacking recordings, we can only speculate as to the pre-Islamic music of these areas. Islam must have had a

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and their rituals have been an omnipresent part of Muslim life for most of Islam's history and were largely responsible for the spread of Islam throughout the world, their following and influence has sharply declined since the late 19th century, having been vigorously opposed and combated in turns by

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C. A. (Charles Ambrose) Storey and Franço de Blois (2004), "Persian Literature - A Biobibliographical Survey: Volume V Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period", RoutledgeCurzon; 2nd revised edition (June 21, 2004). p. 363: "Nizami Ganja'i, whose personal name was Ilyas, is the most celebrated native poet of

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Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2000. How is it that a Persian boy born almost eight hundred years ago in Khorasan, the northeastern province of Greater Iran, in a region that we identify today as Central Asia, but was considered in those days as part of

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had developed towards a fully accepted language of literature, which was even able to satisfy the demands of a scientific presentation. However, the number of Persian and Arabic loanwords contained in those works increased at times up to 88%. However, Turkish was proclaimed the official language of

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Tell them (O Muhammad!): 'I do not find in what has been revealed to me anything forbidden for anyone who wants to eat unless it is carrion, outpoured blood and the flesh of swine, all of which is unclean; or that which is profane having been slaughtered in a name other than that of Allah. But

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patterns. However, representations of Muhammad (in some cases, with his face concealed) and other religious figures are found in some manuscripts from lands to the east of Anatolia, such as Persia and India. These pictures were meant to illustrate the story and not to infringe on the Islamic

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through much of the 20th century as part of the country's drive towards secular "modernisation", and the order's properties have been expropriated and the country's mosques put out of its control, which has radically diminished its influence in modern Turkey. In 2008,

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grew in importance in both poetry and prose becoming, by the beginning of the 18th century, the official language of the Empire. Unlike India, where Persian remained the official and principal literary language of both Muslim and Hindu states until the 19th century.

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in the 14th century, Muslim writers began to enrich the Bengali language for over 600 years, often being actively supported and promoted by the rulers themselves. The early 20th century brought a new era for Bengali Islamic literature, with its most notable poet

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Some interpretations of Islam include a ban of depiction of animate beings, also known as aniconism. Islamic aniconism stems in part from the prohibition of idolatry and in part from the belief that creation of living forms is God's prerogative. Although the

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He has only forbidden you ˹to eat˺ carrion, blood, swine, and what is slaughtered in the name of any other than Allah. But if someone is compelled by necessity—neither driven by desire nor exceeding immediate need—then surely Allah is All-Forgiving, Most

1773:, are sometimes included. At the same time, not all literature written in Persian is written by ethnic Persians or Iranians; Turkic, Caucasian, and Indian poets and writers have also used the Persian language in the environment of Persianate societies. 3473: 2016:. However, for centuries to come the official language in Turkish-speaking areas would remain Persian. In Anatolia, with the advent of the Seljuks, the practise and usage of Persian in the region would be strongly revived. A branch of the 2321:. There are several variations of each, as well as regionally specific styles. Islamic calligraphy has also been incorporated into modern art beginning with the post-colonial period in the Middle East, as well as the more recent style of 2461: 3505:

Apart from fulfilling the basic needs of food, shelter, and education, the parents or the elderly members of family also undertake the task of teaching moral qualities, religious knowledge, and religious practices to the children.

3095:. The Chishti order remains one of the largest and strongest Muslim religious orders in the world by far, retaining a vast influence on the spirituality and culture of around 500 million Muslims living in the Indian subcontinent. 2306:; chapters and excerpts from the Qur'an are a common and almost universal text upon which Islamic calligraphy is based. However, Islamic calligraphy is not limited to strictly religious subjects, objects, or spaces. Like all 2177:

and other religious figures in books of history and poetry; since the 20th century Muhammad has mostly been shown as though wearing a veil hiding his face, and many earlier miniatures were overpainted to use this convention.

3509:, which serves as the foundation of a Muslim family, is a civil contract which consists of an offer and acceptance between two qualified parties in the presence of two witnesses. The groom is required to pay a bridal gift ( 2927:

pronounced gender based rulings on dance, making it permissible for women within a female only environment, as is often performed at celebrations, but discouraging men to engage in it. Other classical authorities including

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also called the Mosque of Uqba is at the same time the oldest mosque in North Africa (founded in 670 and still used as a place of worship) and one of the most important monuments of Islamic civilisation, situated in

2878:(modern-day Bangladesh), playwrights emerged such as Ibrahim Khan (1894-1978), Ibrahim Khalil (b. 1916), Akbar ad-Din (1895-1978) and others. These playwrights would create plays related to the Islamic history of 4565: 3526:

as Muslims want their last word to be their profession of faith. After the death, the body is appropriately bathed by the members of the same gender and then enshrouded in a threefold white garment called

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Many forms of dancing arts are practised in Muslim cultures, both in religious and secular contexts (such as folk and tribal dances, court dances, dances of celebration during weddings and festivals,

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in styles that are typically found in a wide variety of media, from small objects in ceramic or metalwork to large decorative schemes in tiling on the outside and inside of large buildings, including

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animal slaughtered in the name of God by a Muslim, Jew, or Christian, with the exception of game that one has hunted or fished for oneself. Food permissible for Muslims is known as

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In addition to these strictly religious forms of dance, colourful dancing processions traditionally take place in Muslim communities during weddings and public celebrations such as

2772:. Although it narrates primarily pre-Islamic legends, it is also an important stage for Islamic epics such as the adventures of Amir Hamzah (pictured). Islamic Wayang is known as 1918:, the Persian-Islamic culture of the eastern half of the Islamic world started to influence the Indian culture. Persian was the official language of most Indian empires such as the 4143:

the Greater Persian cultural sphere, wound up in Central Anatolia on the receding edge of the Byzantine cultural sphere, in which is now Turkey, some 1500 miles to the west? (p. 9)

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chose Persian for some of his major poetic works. The first Persian language newspaper was also published in India, given that printing machines were first implemented in India.

4617: 2955:, "recollection" (of God) is a meditative form of worship different from ritual prayer where the seeker focuses all of his senses and thoughts on God in the hope of attaining 2045:

in the 17th century, though it did not manage to become the official language in a wider area or larger empire until the advent of the Ottomans. With the establishment of the

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came to power in 750, Persians became its scribes and bureaucrats and, increasingly, also its writers and poets. The New Persian language literature arose and flourished in

2997:. Al-Ghazzali emphasized how the practices of music and dance are beneficial to religious seekers, as long as their hearts are pure before engaging in these practices. 2828:

puppets are known to have existed much earlier than 1000, but initially only glove and string puppets were popular in Iran. Other genres of puppetry emerged during the

2226:) contains more explicit prohibitions of images of living beings, challenging painters to "breathe life" into their images and threatening them with punishment on the 4188: 3649:

whosoever is constrained to it by necessity - neither desiring to disobey nor exceeding the limit of necessity - your Lord is surely All Forgiving, All-Compassionate.

2806:. The advocates of this view claim that when Yavuz Sultan Selim conquered Egypt in 1517, he saw shadow theatre performed during an extacy party put on in his honour. 2416: 2985:

and the mystical states it induces in worshippers, as well as regulating the etiquette attached to these ceremonies, in his short treatise on Islamic spirituality

4569: 3553: 1637:, but has remained vibrant to the present day, with poets and prose-writers across the Arab world, as well as rest of the world, achieving increasing success. 3972: 6884: 1442:, particularly due to the religion serving as an effective conduit for the inter-mingling of people from different ethnic/national backgrounds in a way that 1862: 2971:

or Quranic phrases, and may be done at rest or with rhythmic movements and controlling one's breath. Traditional Islamic orders have developed varied

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peoples), and other forms of dance used for entertainment or sometimes healing such as belly dancing (principally associated with Egyptian culture).

5107: 4977: 1961:, Muslim writers were exploring different themes through Islamic narratives and epics such as culture, cosmology, love and history. Starting from 1167: 3342:

also have large Muslim populations, but these areas have had less influence than the heartland on the various traditions of Islamic music. For

2566:); erected between the 2nd and the 3rd century, it is a majestic square tower consisting of three superimposed tiers of gradual size and decor. 2173:. Manuscripts of the Qur'an and other sacred texts have always been strictly kept free of such figures, but there is a long tradition of the 5479: 5460: 5441: 5417: 5290: 5197: 5170: 5140: 4601: 4448: 4360: 2993: 2169:

showing realistic representations of individuals (and animals) did not develop until the late 16th century in miniature painting, especially

1054: 6460: 2602: 1780:'s assessment of it as one of the four main bodies of world literature, Persian literature has its roots in surviving works of Middle and 4877: 4512:

Roxburgh, David J. (2008). ""The Eye is Favored for Seeing the Writing's Form": On the Sensual and the Sensuous in Islamic Calligraphy".

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by the Turkish people emigrating from Central Asia. Other scholars claim that shadow theatre came to Anatolia in the 16th century from

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great influence on music, as it united vast areas under the first caliphs, and facilitated trade between distant lands. Certainly the

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and other Indian literature. More Persian literature was produced in India than in the Iranian world. As late as the 20th century,

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and geometric and interlace patterned ornament. The principal Islamic architectural types for large or public buildings are: the

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espousing intense rebellion against colonialism and oppression, in addition to writing a highly acclaimed collection of Bengali

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In a Muslim family, the birth of a child is attended with some religious ceremonies. Immediately after the birth, the words of

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Islamic architecture may be identified with the following design elements, which were inherited from the first mosque built by

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similar to the Mevlevis, as well as other forms of devotional dance. The order is strongly associated with the development of

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was so impressed with it that he took the puppeteer back to his palace in Istanbul. There his 47-year-old son, later Sultan

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is traditionally non-representational, except for the widespread use of plant forms, usually in varieties of the spiralling

5357: 5331: 4196: 3535:, it is first taken to a mosque where funeral prayer is offered for the dead person, and then to the graveyard for burial. 4829: 3676: 2899: 2852:). The dialogue takes place between the morshed and the puppets. Puppetry remains very popular in Iran, the touring opera 1483: 1103: 752: 4904: 2798:

from the Chinese and transmitted to the Turkish peoples of Central Russia. Thus the art of Shadow Theatre was brought to

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and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries. Further east, it was also influenced by

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Arabic literature emerged in the 5th century with only fragments of the written language appearing before then. The

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Language policy and language conflict in Afghanistan and its neighbors: the changing politics of language choice

2402:. From these four types, the vocabulary of Islamic architecture is derived and used for other buildings such as 6906: 6774: 6764: 6667: 6465: 6166: 3689: 3133:, and so on. Many Islamic cultures have also developed classical forms of dance in the context for instance of 2987: 2871: 2860: 2811: 2551: 2050: 2037: 1987: 1870: 1249: 1049: 745: 434: 5380: 2975:

exercises including sometimes highly elaborate ritual dances accompanied by Sufi poetry and classical music.

2786:, the Turkish Shadow Theatre has influenced puppetry widely in the region. It is thought to have passed from 2382:. Later it developed distinct characteristics in the form of buildings, and the decoration of surfaces with 6585: 5845: 5815: 5749: 5734: 4474:

Blair, Sheila S. (Spring 2003). "The Mirage of Islamic Art: Reflections on the Study of an Unwieldy Field".

3286: 2619: 2243: 2122: 844: 3706: 6520: 6267: 6136: 5984: 5977: 5942: 5729: 5657: 3385: 2363: 2230:. Muslims have interpreted these prohibitions in different ways in different times and places. Religious 2068: 1298: 1064: 700: 524: 424: 5099: 2874:

in 1947, religion-based nationalism was strong and affected the theatre in both wings of the country. In

6789: 6580: 6404: 6282: 6227: 6217: 6207: 6081: 5937: 5889: 5779: 5744: 5621: 5601: 5557: 4988: 3596: 3519: 2945:) which dominate traditional Muslim religious life practice ritualised forms of dance in the context of 2836:

is a Persian traditional puppet show which is performed in a small chamber by a musical performer and a

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from the German by Emilie and Jenny Marmorstein. . London: Routledge, 1992. xx, 298 p., sparsely ill.

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food. It is indicated in these verses of Quran, guidelines for Muslims about the consumption of meat:

3114:'s Sunni minority, is a notable exception in that they do not use music and dancing in the context of 2936:

allow it without this distinction, but criticised dancing which is "languid" or excites carnal lusts.

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and adopted Persian as their court language. There is thus Persian literature from Iran, Mesopotamia,

6784: 6754: 6662: 6652: 6590: 6570: 6499: 6292: 6277: 6237: 6131: 5764: 5759: 4155:"Politics and Literary Activities in the Bengali Language during the Independent Sultanate of Bengal" 3548: 3239: 2670: 2371: 2367: 2339: 2334: 2162: 2150: 1962: 1899: 1879: 1789: 1507: 479: 396: 107: 87: 82: 77: 53: 6877: 6865: 6645: 6635: 6630: 6560: 6450: 6435: 6322: 6312: 6287: 6222: 6212: 6197: 6151: 6091: 5999: 5899: 5879: 5795: 5774: 5714: 3937: 3778: 3697: 3681: 3074: 2383: 2375: 2343: 2282: 2256: 2235: 2126: 1407: 1303: 937: 837: 494: 453: 145: 92: 6794: 6727: 6575: 6535: 6455: 6317: 6297: 6252: 6242: 6232: 6192: 6121: 6096: 6066: 6046: 6041: 6009: 5911: 5709: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5616: 5606: 5587: 5045: 3947: 3874: 3621: 3019: 2693: 2626: 2427: 2359: 2274: 2187: 2007: 1935: 1866: 1723: 1655: 1650: 1646: 1634: 1553: 1499: 1451: 1434:

refers to the historic cultural practices that developed among the various peoples living in the

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became widely acclaimed for her musical talents across South Asia in the field of modern music .

2967:, and can involve silent meditation or repetition and visualisation of sacred words such as the 1975: 1438:. These practices, while not always religious in nature, are generally influenced by aspects of 5282: 5245: 5239: 4058: 2681:

Whilst theatre is permitted by Islam, Islam does not allow for any performances to depict God,

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court cultures, as well as innumerable local folk and tribal dances (for instance amongst

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does not explicitly prohibit visual representation of any living being, it uses the word

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of the depiction of human and animal figures, especially in painting and small anonymous

1850: 1998:. The UNESCO General Conference took the decision that took effect on 17 November 1999, 1792:. The bulk of surviving Persian literature, however, comes from the times following the 6625: 6550: 6545: 6515: 6494: 6419: 6352: 6176: 6156: 5719: 5636: 5431: 5406: 5271: 4819: 3847: 3610: 3393: 3381: 3373: 3324: 3320: 3181:, and in recent decades have been the target of vocal opposition by the fundamentalist 3174: 3142: 3138: 3009: 2742: 2724: 2717: 2559: 2443: 2379: 2318: 2278: 2153:) include figures, often in large numbers, as do their equivalents in Arab, Mughal and 2046: 2029: 1842: 1766: 1663: 1630: 1533: 1487: 1400: 1272: 1259: 1217: 1162: 776: 381: 195: 130: 38: 2540:

Large courtyards often merged with a central prayer hall (originally a feature of the

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expanded rapidly, Muslim culture was further influenced and assimilated much from the

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Ghazzālī, and Claud Field. The Alchemy of Happiness. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1991.

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Muslims are restricted in their diet. Prohibited foods include pork products, blood,

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was physically destroyed by the state in the 1930s). Wahhabi militant groups such as

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can be performed individually or with like-minded followers under the direction of a

2959:(experiential knowledge of God) and triggering mystic states within him- or herself. 2911: 2875: 2829: 2738: 2322: 2203: 2099: 2033: 1939: 1834: 1830: 1747: 1491: 1337: 1242: 1202: 705: 695: 627: 597: 568: 351: 323: 220: 165: 4811: 6799: 6744: 6732: 6717: 6687: 6600: 6540: 6146: 5830: 5810: 5805: 5754: 4744: 4740: 3901: 3865: 3823: 3814: 3728: 3588: 3544: 3304: 3270: 3266: 3186: 3092: 2864: 2837: 2709: 2558:, meaning "light"). The oldest standing minaret in the world is the minaret of the 2536:, as well as from other pre-Islamic features adapted from churches and synagogues. 2507: 2423: 2403: 2095: 1979: 1951: 1703: 1675: 1609: 1463: 1435: 1388: 1344: 1081: 813: 802: 733: 632: 622: 185: 102: 3022:"). The Mevlevi order, its rituals and Ottoman classical music has been banned in 2608:

Domes (the earliest Islamic use of which was in the 8th-century mosque of Medina).

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or towers (which were originally used as torch-lit watchtowers for example in the

2471:, built in the 11th century, is a large monument and a popular tourist attraction. 19: 5341: 3609:("funeral prayer") over the bathed and enshrouded dead body, and burying it in a 3277:

is a multicultural religion, the musical expression of its adherents is diverse.

2577:. This may have been derived from previous uses of niches for the setting of the 1853:

are also known in the West and have influenced the literature of many countries.

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has been typically characterized by the absence of figures and extensive use of

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Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, Penguin Books Ltd., 1965, p. 285.

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Many Muslims are very familiar to listening to music. The classic heartland of

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and has been adopted (with some modifications) by other Sufi orders as well.

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and Middle East, glorifying past Muslim rulers as well as the history of the

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From the 11th century, there was a growing body of Islamic literature in the

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practices mainly fall into the category of personal cleanliness and health.

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https://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=6&verse=145&to=150

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Persian Studies in North America: Studies in Honor of Mohammad Ali Jazayery

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Not all Persian literature is written in Persian; works written by ethnic

4419:(Reprinted with corrections ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. 3905: 3896: 3887: 3878: 3869: 3719: 3413: 3405: 3308: 3214: 3059: 2799: 2682: 2594: 2529: 2483: 2468: 2448: 2407: 2347: 2223: 2166: 2076: 1826: 1819: 1815: 1762: 1751: 1695: 1354: 1322: 1036: 970: 642: 308: 298: 190: 5081:"Damadam mast Qalandar is a cry of rebellion against established orders" 3591:") before meals, and using only the right hand for eating and drinking. 2832:

era (18th–19th century) as influences from Turkey spread to the region.

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colonial administrations and by Muslim modernists and secularists like

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and the most ancient of the major Sufi orders, also practices forms of

3066: 2807: 2795: 2783: 2563: 2547: 2452: 2158: 2134: 2017: 1943: 1731: 1674:. It spans over two-and-a-half millennia. Its sources have been within 1528: 1503: 1447: 1187: 864: 657: 647: 617: 592: 587: 391: 318: 225: 24: 5884: 5048: 3838: 3751: 3724: 3710: 3561: 3444: 3440: 3397: 3331: 3312: 3258: 3247: 3190: 3170: 3158: 3154: 3123: 3051: 3036: 3028: 3023: 2964: 2941: 2765: 2764:

One of the oldest, and most enduring, forms of puppet theatre is the

2729: 2697: 2686: 2674: 2582: 2570: 2533: 2395: 2387: 2273:

in the lands sharing a common Islamic cultural heritage. It includes

2219: 2199: 2142: 1991: 1971: 1958: 1903: 1891: 1777: 1770: 1699: 1599: 1587: 1207: 1197: 986: 954: 946: 931: 925: 809: 715: 637: 602: 386: 313: 303: 293: 288: 263: 200: 170: 150: 2894: 1462:, was predominantly based on the existing cultural practices of the 5080: 5061: 2641:

Focus on the interior space of a building rather than the exterior.

16:

Cultural practices common among various peoples of the Muslim world

5306: 4618:"Kairouan Capital of Political Power and Learning in the Ifriqiya" 4189:"Commemorating the International Mother Language Day- February 21" 3856: 3809: 3769: 3755: 3746: 3715: 3675: 3629: 3552: 3501: 3489: 3472: 3436: 3335: 3274: 3254: 3230: 3210: 3103: 3047: 2947: 2893: 2803: 2791: 2787: 2649: 2578: 2574: 2354:. It encompasses both secular and religious styles from the early 2351: 2314: 2211: 2191: 2105: 2089: 2067: 1874: 1814:

because of political reasons, early Iranian dynasties such as the

1727: 1719: 1687: 1595: 1523: 1439: 1349: 1227: 918: 876: 869: 792: 784: 577: 328: 268: 258: 243: 175: 140: 18: 3492:

to the household of one's daughter's in-laws during the month of

2358:

to the present day. Early Islamic architecture was influenced by

2161:

albums were private works owned by the elite. Larger figures in

1776:

Described as one of the great literatures of humanity, including

3805: 3701: 3532: 3511: 3359: 3235: 3198: 3111: 2923: 2825: 2612: 2399: 2391: 1947: 1715: 1683: 1679: 978: 886: 652: 612: 160: 5546: 4680:

Pilgrimage: from the Ganges to Graceland : an encyclopedia

4643:

Art of Islam, Language and Meaning : Commemorative Edition

2302:

The development of Islamic calligraphy is strongly tied to the

4250:

History of Humanity: From the seventh to the sixteenth century

3106:

music, as well as Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia. The

2734: 582: 2218:(maker of forms, artist) as an epithet of God. The corpus of 2102:, reflects a melding of indigenous and Islamic sensibilities. 4593:

Tracing The Way: Spiritual Dimensions of the World Religions

3575:, or Islamic etiquette. This includes greeting others with " 3244:

Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

3041:

Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

1726:(in what is now Tajikistan), wrote in Persian, and lived in 1633:

and its literature. Arabic literature flourished during the

5386:

http://islamicstudies.info/reference.php?sura=5&verse=3

5375: 4739:

Moreh, Shmuel (1986), "Live Theatre in Medieval Islam", in

3518:

Certain religious rites are performed during and after the

2755:

literature, though they were less common than puppetry and

5542: 1942:. Persian artistic forms in literature and poetry such as 4828:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, 3069:

order, traditionally the dominant Islamic institution in

1914:

For a thousand years, since the invasion of India by the

1450:

identity. The earliest forms of Muslim culture, from the

4383:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 14–15. 3522:. Those near a dying man encourage him to pronounce the 1618:, and which implies politeness, culture and enrichment. 2573:

or niche on an inside wall indicating the direction to

4315: 4313: 3307:, a nomadic tribe that converted to Islam, conquered 2817:

In other areas the style of shadow puppetry known as

2689:

or matters detailed in the religion that are unseen.

2313:

Islamic calligraphy developed from two major styles:

1758:, India, Tajikistan and other parts of Central Asia. 4825:

Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh

3323:, also had a strong influence on Islamic music. See 3098:

Other examples of devotional dance are found in the

6508: 6428: 6185: 5925: 5788: 5645: 5594: 4675:Davidson, Linda Kay; Gitlitz, David Martin (2002). 4544:

A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method

2554:; hence the derivation of the word from the Arabic 2145:figures as part of a decorative scheme. Almost all 1718:, one of the best-loved Persian poets, was born in 5405: 5270: 5165:. Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 120. 4417:The art and architecture of Islam : 1250–1800 4344: 2299:), meaning Islamic line, design, or construction. 5244:. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society. pp. 1658:comprises oral compositions and written texts in 4930:Cahill, Lisa Sowle; Farley, Margaret A. (1995). 4296:The Ashgate Research Companion to Border Studies 4057:Campbell, George L.; King, Gareth, eds. (2013). 2261:Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of 1542:variations in the application of Islamic beliefs 5154: 5152: 4774:Tradition Folk The Site by Hayali Mustafa Mutlu 4110:, Charles Scribner's Sons. 2002, vol. 4, p. 480 3658: 3646: 3634: 2165:are exceptionally rare until recent times, and 4715:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia 4495:. Sebastopol, CA: Solipsist Press. pp. 17–37. 4462:"Arabic calligraphy as a typographic exercise" 3043:, and the practice is now regaining interest. 5558: 5220:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (2003), p. 339 4792:The History of Theatre in Iran: Willem Floor: 4678:Linda Kay Davidson and David Martin Gitlitz, 4415:Blair, Sheila S.; Bloom, Jonathan M. (1995). 3085:and semi-classical devotional genres such as 1408: 753: 8: 4441:Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture 3209:ceremonies in terrorist attacks, notably in 3189:(where most of the heritage associated with 2618:Use of geometric shapes and repetitive art ( 2294: 1629:, would have the greatest lasting effect on 5162:Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices 4783:Article Saudi Aramco World 1999/John Feeney 4749:Studies in Islamic History and Civilization 4712:Meri, Josef W.; Bacharach, Jere L. (2006). 4374: 4372: 2615:to intermediate between different sections. 2222:(sayings attributed to the Islamic prophet 1863:Persian language in the Indian subcontinent 1738:conquered large territories in Central and 5565: 5551: 5543: 4566:"A Tour of Architecture in Islamic Cities" 4531:Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture 2981:discussed the use of music and dancing in 1415: 1401: 771: 760: 746: 33: 5436:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. 5321: 4065:(3rd ed.). Routledge. p. 1339. 2692:The most popular forms of theatre in the 1606:. The Arabic word used for literature is 1540:Owing to a variety of factors, there are 5223: 5021:Friedlander, Shems; Uzel, Nezih (1992). 3008:, which was the main Sunni order of the 2664: 2137:. However, there is a long tradition in 2110:"Advice of the Ascetic", a 16th-century 2036:). After a period of several centuries, 1512: 5453:What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam 4909:. Indiana University Press. p. 4. 4398:"Figural Representation in Islamic Art" 4381:What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam 4270:Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters. 4159:Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics 4106:Von David Levinson; Karen Christensen, 3964: 3571:Many practices fall in the category of 2412: 1444:enabled their cultures to come together 783: 680: 567: 409: 336: 233: 120: 52: 45: 5315: 5214: 4982:); Section r40.4 on "Dancing", p. 794" 4392: 4390: 4322:Persian Historiography & Geography 4153:Rabbani, AKM Golam (7 November 2017). 3091:through famed pioneer figures such as 2716:, where actors re-enact episodes from 2700:theatre (which included hand puppets, 1670:, and it is one of the world's oldest 1544:in different cultures and traditions. 5412:. Blackwell Publishing Professional. 5241:Remembering God: Reflections on Islam 5079:Akhtar, Suleman (February 20, 2017). 4906:Muslim Women Sing: Hausa Popular Song 4718:. Taylor & Francis. p. 807. 4351:. Harvard University Press. pp. 3396:is the collection of 4,000 songs and 2994:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 1614:, which is derived from a meaning of 7: 6860: 6461:Role of Christianity in civilization 5408:A Guide to Food Laws and Regulations 4169:from the original on 11 October 2017 6872: 5505: 4063:Compendium of the World's Languages 4007:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 177–178. 3366:, spread their music far and wide. 2991:and in his highly influential work 2745:. Live secular plays were known as 2295: 1583: 5369:Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an Online 4933:Embodiment, Morality, and Medicine 4682:, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. 2002. p. 302 4273:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire 4195:. 21 February 2016. Archived from 3018:ritual (known in the West as "the 1994:decided to observe 21 February as 1946:have come to significantly affect 14: 5279:Britannica Educational Publishing 5110:from the original on 6 March 2016 4276:Infobase Publishing, 1 jan. 2009 4123:, Brill Publications, CD version. 4089:, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953, 1996:International Mother Language Day 6871: 6859: 6848: 6847: 5582: 5530: 5367:Ersilia Francesca. "Slaughter". 4882:. Rowman Altamira. p. 403. 3581:" ("peace be unto you"), saying 2495: 2476: 2460: 2435: 2415: 2125:. These are often combined with 1894:fought for recognition of their 1722:(in what is now Afghanistan) or 1382: 791: 727: 6673:Culture and positive psychology 5583: 5498:The Classical Heritage in Islam 4299:Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2011 4177:– via www.banglajol.info. 6112:High- and low-context cultures 5474:. Cambridge University Press. 5192:. Facts on File. p. 136. 5135:. Facts on File. p. 106. 4596:. A&C Black. p. 248. 4460:Julia Kaestle (10 July 2010). 4402:The Metropolitan Museum of Art 4032:. In Schiffman, Harold (ed.). 3597:Circumcision of male offspring 3410:O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe 3261:as well as other parts of the 3242:, was included in the list of 2939:Most of the religious orders ( 2854:Rostam and Sohrab puppet opera 2157:. But miniatures in books or 1908:Islamic University, Bangladesh 1: 5273:Islamic Beliefs and Practices 4879:The New Encyclopedia of Islam 4830:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh 4036:. Leiden: Brill. p. 94. 3000:Notable examples include the 1796: 1750:, Anatolia, western parts of 1602:, produced by writers in the 6678:Culture and social cognition 5663:Cross-cultural communication 5404:Curtis, Patricia A. (2005). 4978:"Reliance of the Traveller ( 4645:. World Wisdom. 2009. p. 128 4546:4th Edition, London, p. 476. 3624:. All meat must come from a 3599:is also practiced in Islam. 3102:where it is associated with 2794:. Later it was taken by the 1765:in other languages, such as 6760:Intercultural communication 5455:. Oxford University Press. 5355:Various types of the prayer 5329:Customs and Behavioral Laws 5186:Juan E. Campo, ed. (2009). 5129:Juan E. Campo, ed. (2009). 5100:"Beyond borders Runa Laila" 4810:Zillur Rahman John (2012). 4108:Encyclopedia of Modern Asia 4003:. In Marashi, Mehdi (ed.). 3654:Quran (Al An'am, Verse 145) 2410:and domestic architecture. 2182:Depiction of animate beings 1986:, is one earliest works of 966:("Stories of the Prophets") 6923: 6203:Cross cultural sensitivity 5870:Resistance through culture 5502:Arabic Thought and Culture 5106:. Times Internet Limited. 4638:Burckhardt, Titus (2009). 4493:Five Essays on Islamic Art 4439:Chapman, Caroline (2012). 4379:Esposito, John L. (2011). 4121:The Encyclopaedia of Islam 3666:Quran (Al-Maidah, Verse 3) 3642:Quran (An-Nahl, Verse 115) 3542: 3462: 3292:Hindustani classical music 3224: 3083:Hindustani classical music 2673:puppet of Amir Hamzah, in 2332: 2254: 2185: 2149:(as opposed to decorative 2061: 2005: 1860: 1730:, then the capital of the 1644: 1568: 1557: 1551: 6843: 6815:Transformation of culture 6248:Cultural environmentalism 5678:Cross-cultural psychology 5673:Cross-cultural psychiatry 5668:Cross-cultural leadership 5580: 5496:Rosenthal, Franz (1977). 5269:Matt Stefon, ed. (2010). 5046:The Mevlevi Sama Ceremony 4960:The Alchemy of Happiness 4903:Mack, Beverly B. (2004). 4325:Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd 4030:"Dari, Farsi, and Tojiki" 4001:"Dari, Farsi, and Tojiki" 3943:Islamic advice literature 3469:Islamic marital practices 3362:, brotherhoods of Muslim 3205:are repeatedly targeting 3110:order, predominant among 2921:Some scholars of Islamic 2524:Elements of Islamic style 2098:", the Indonesian art of 1902:'s front beautified with 1884:21 February's anniversary 1822:being based in Khorasan. 1794:Muslim conquest of Persia 1660:Western Iranian languages 1560:Islamic advice literature 1446:on the basis of a common 6775:Living things in culture 6765:Intercultural competence 6668:Culture and menstruation 6167:Trans-cultural diffusion 5472:An Introduction to Islam 5451:Esposito, John (2002b). 5433:Islam: The Straight Path 5376:https://quran.com/16/115 4936:. Springer. p. 43. 4822:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). 4343:Sheila R. Canby (2005). 3531:. Placing the body on a 2988:The Alchemy of Happiness 2872:independence of Pakistan 2856:being a recent example. 2812:Suleyman the Magnificent 2560:Great Mosque of Kairouan 2552:Great Mosque of Damascus 2444:Great Mosque of Kairouan 1988:feminist science fiction 1871:Literature of Bangladesh 1055:Medieval Islamic science 6586:Cultural homogenization 5816:Individualistic culture 5750:Popular culture studies 5735:Intercultural relations 5159:Nigosian, S.A. (2004). 4685:. Bloomsbury Academic. 4028:Spooner, Brian (2012). 3999:Spooner, Brian (1994). 3480:is the tradition among 3325:Turkish classical music 3287:Religious music in Iran 2749:, recorded in medieval 2467:The fortress-palace of 2378:as Islam spread to the 1594:) is the writing, both 1548:Language and literature 6521:Archaeological culture 6268:Cultural globalization 6137:Organizational culture 5985:Cultural communication 5943:Cultural appropriation 5730:Intercultural learning 5658:Cross-cultural studies 5470:Waines, David (2003). 5023:The Whirling Dervishes 4876:Glassé, Cyril (2001). 4529:Krautheimer, Richard. 4520:: 275–298 – via JSTOR. 4482:: 152–184 – via JSTOR. 3692: 3669: 3657: 3645: 3601:Islamic burial rituals 3568: 3497: 3250: 3054:, the Mevlevi form of 2907: 2708:productions) and live 2694:medieval Islamic world 2685:, his companions, the 2678: 2662: 2659:theatrical performance 2490:was completed in 1616. 2422:Northeast entrance to 2206: 2114: 2103: 2087: 1911: 1825:Persian poets such as 1678:including present-day 1537: 1521: 1065:Succession to Muhammad 31: 6790:Participatory culture 6581:Cultural evolutionism 6405:Multiracial democracy 6283:Cultural intelligence 6228:Cultural conservatism 6218:Cultural backwardness 6208:Cultural assimilation 6082:Cultural reproduction 5938:Cultural appreciation 5890:Far-right subcultures 5780:Transcultural nursing 5745:Philosophy of culture 5622:Cultural neuroscience 5602:Cultural anthropology 5189:Encyclopedia of Islam 5132:Encyclopedia of Islam 5068:. September 27, 2013. 4491:Allen, Terry (1988). 4347:Islamic Art in Detail 4247:Sigfried J. de Laet. 4119:Frye, R. N., "Darī", 4085:Arthur John Arberry, 3679: 3556: 3476: 3238:tradition, a type of 3234: 2897: 2668: 2653: 2638:Use of bright colour. 2593:: مِهراب) of Persian 2514:is an example of the 2195: 2175:depiction of Muhammad 2109: 2093: 2071: 1878: 1527: 1516: 22: 6785:Oppositional culture 6755:Emotions and culture 6663:Cultural sensibility 6653:Cultural translation 6591:Cultural institution 6571:Cultural determinism 6293:Cultural nationalism 6278:Cultural imperialism 6238:Cultural deprivation 6132:Non-material culture 5765:Sociology of culture 5760:Semiotics of culture 5539:at Wikimedia Commons 4755:, pp. 565–601, 4293:Doris Wastl-Walter. 4087:The Legacy of Persia 3549:Islamic dietary laws 3282:Arab classical music 3240:Sufism in Bangladesh 2898:Bangladeshi artists 2727:revolved around the 2344:architectural styles 2340:Islamic architecture 2335:Islamic architecture 2163:monumental sculpture 1963:Shah Muhammad Saghir 1886:of the day when the 1790:Behistun Inscription 1104:Association football 6636:Culture speculation 6631:Cultural relativism 6561:Cultural competence 6451:Cultural Christians 6323:Cultural Revolution 6313:Cultural radicalism 6288:Cultural liberalism 6223:Cultural Bolshevism 6198:Consumer capitalism 6152:Relational mobility 6092:Cultural technology 6000:Cultural dissonance 5917:Culture by location 5880:Alternative culture 5796:Constructed culture 5775:Theology of culture 5715:Cultural psychology 5695:Cultural entomology 5238:Eaton, Gai (2000). 4542:Fletcher, Banister 4219:"Language Movement" 3938:Islam in South Asia 3779:Jobbarer Boli Khela 3690:Bengali martial art 3684:in the occasion of 3682:Jobbarer Boli Khela 3603:include saying the 3075:Indian subcontinent 2904:traditional Bengali 2635:Ablution fountains. 2488:Sultan Ahmed Mosque 2384:Islamic calligraphy 2376:Indian architecture 2283:Persian calligraphy 2257:Islamic calligraphy 2127:Islamic calligraphy 2028:of the empire. The 865:Profession of Faith 838:Day of Resurrection 701:Karagöz and Hacivat 6795:Permission culture 6728:Disability culture 6708:Children's culture 6576:Cultural diversity 6536:Circuit of culture 6318:Cultural retention 6298:Cultural pessimism 6253:Cultural exception 6243:Cultural diplomacy 6233:Cultural contracts 6193:Colonial mentality 6122:Manuscript culture 6097:Cultural universal 6067:Cultural pluralism 6047:Cultural landscape 6042:Cultural invention 6010:Cultural framework 5912:Vernacular culture 5710:Cultural mediation 5690:Cultural economics 5685:Cultural analytics 5617:Cultural geography 5607:Cultural astronomy 5360:2013-09-23 at the 5347:2007-05-02 at the 5334:2013-09-23 at the 4641:Titus Burckhardt, 4555:Copplestone, p.149 3948:Islamic literature 3875:Seni Gayung Fatani 3693: 3578:as-salamu 'alaykum 3569: 3539:Etiquette and diet 3498: 3404:. See articles on 3251: 3035:Sama Ceremony" of 3020:whirling dervishes 2908: 2808:Yavuz Sultan Selim 2679: 2663: 2627:Arabic calligraphy 2625:Use of decorative 2275:Arabic Calligraphy 2207: 2188:Aniconism in Islam 2155:Ottoman miniatures 2147:Persian miniatures 2131:geometric patterns 2115: 2104: 2088: 2008:Turkish literature 1936:Qutb Shahi dynasty 1912: 1867:Bengali literature 1656:Persian literature 1651:Persian literature 1647:Persianate society 1635:Islamic Golden Age 1554:Islamic literature 1538: 1522: 1474:. However, as the 1452:Rashidun Caliphate 136:Azerbaijani carpet 32: 6894: 6893: 6723:Death and culture 6616:Cultural movement 6606:Cultural literacy 6466:Eastern Orthodoxy 6378:Dominator culture 6373:Deculturalization 6273:Cultural hegemony 6263:Cultural genocide 6258:Cultural feminism 6077:Cultural property 6072:Cultural practice 6057:Cultural leveling 6052:Cultural learning 6037:Cultural industry 6032:Cultural identity 6015:Cultural heritage 6005:Cultural emphasis 5990:Cultural conflict 5963:Cultural behavior 5953:Cultural artifact 5865:Primitive culture 5841:Political culture 5535:Media related to 5481:978-0-521-53906-7 5462:978-0-19-515713-0 5443:978-0-19-511234-4 5419:978-0-8138-1946-4 5292:978-1-61530-060-0 5277:. New York City: 5217:, pp. 93–96) 5199:978-0-8160-5454-1 5172:978-0-253-21627-4 5142:978-0-8160-5454-1 4818:; Miah, Sajahan; 4620:. Muslim Heritage 4603:978-0-8264-9423-8 4590:Hans Kng (2006). 4449:978-979-099-631-1 4362:978-0-674-02390-1 3788:Mokkar Boli Khela 3558:Bengali tradition 3520:death of a Muslim 3478:Furir Bari Iftari 3402:Kazi Nazrul Islam 3378:Gul Mohammad Khan 3340:Malay Archipelago 3185:sect promoted by 2884:Pakistan Movement 2861:Royal Opera House 2834:Kheimeh Shab-Bazi 2720:. In particular, 2504:Sixty Dome Mosque 2502:The 15th-century 2285:. It is known in 2269:, based upon the 2171:Mughal miniatures 2112:Persian miniature 2026:official language 1968:Kazi Nazrul Islam 1932:Deccan Sultanates 1839:Attar of Nishapur 1804:Abbasid Caliphate 1788:inscription, the 1734:in Anatolia. The 1592:al-Adab al-'Arabī 1576:Arabic literature 1571:Arabic literature 1460:Abbasid Caliphate 1456:Umayyad Caliphate 1425: 1424: 770: 769: 23:201 Dome Mosque, 6914: 6875: 6874: 6863: 6862: 6851: 6850: 6740:Drinking culture 6693:Culture industry 6641:Cultural tourism 6621:Cultural mulatto 6596:Cultural jet lag 6531:Cannabis culture 6488:Cultural Muslims 6410:Pluriculturalism 6393:Multiculturalism 6383:Interculturalism 6358:Culture minister 6348:Cultural Zionism 6343:Cultural subsidy 6338:Cultural silence 6213:Cultural attaché 6172:Transculturation 6127:Material culture 6117:Interculturality 5973:Cultural capital 5958:Cultural baggage 5895:Youth subculture 5836:Official culture 5801:Dominant culture 5740:Internet culture 5705:Cultural mapping 5700:Cultural history 5627:Cultural studies 5612:Cultural ecology 5586: 5585: 5567: 5560: 5553: 5544: 5534: 5507: 5485: 5466: 5447: 5423: 5411: 5390: 5372: 5353:Ghamidi (2001): 5342:The Dietary Laws 5340:Ghamidi (2001): 5327:Ghamidi (2001): 5303: 5297: 5296: 5276: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5235: 5229: 5210: 5204: 5203: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5156: 5147: 5146: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5098:Sharma, Devesh. 5095: 5089: 5088: 5076: 5070: 5069: 5058: 5052: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5018: 5012: 5009: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4999: 4993: 4987:. Archived from 4986: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4900: 4894: 4893: 4873: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4807: 4801: 4790: 4784: 4781: 4775: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4753:Brill Publishers 4736: 4730: 4729: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4699: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4648:. World Wisdom. 4635: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4577: 4568:. Archived from 4562: 4556: 4553: 4547: 4540: 4534: 4527: 4521: 4510: 4504: 4489: 4483: 4476:The Art Bulletin 4472: 4466: 4465: 4457: 4451: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4394: 4385: 4384: 4376: 4367: 4366: 4350: 4340: 4334: 4319:Bertold Spuler. 4317: 4308: 4291: 4285: 4268: 4262: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4225:. Archived from 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4150: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4117: 4111: 4104: 4098: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4025: 4019: 4018: 3996: 3990: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3969: 3667: 3655: 3643: 3606:Salat al-Janazah 3593:Islamic hygienic 3465:Islamic marriage 3423:See articles on 3315:), and held the 2880:the subcontinent 2632:Use of symmetry. 2542:Masjid al-Nabawi 2516:Bengal Sultanate 2499: 2480: 2464: 2439: 2419: 2356:history of Islam 2350:associated with 2342:is the range of 2298: 2297: 2022:Sultanate of Rum 2014:Turkic languages 1984:Islamic feminist 1928:Bengal Sultanate 1896:Bengali language 1801: 1798: 1585: 1417: 1410: 1403: 1389:Islam portal 1387: 1386: 1385: 795: 772: 762: 755: 748: 734:Islam portal 732: 731: 730: 34: 6922: 6921: 6917: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6912: 6911: 6907:Islamic culture 6897: 6896: 6895: 6890: 6839: 6830:Western culture 6825:Welfare culture 6750:Eastern culture 6611:Cultural mosaic 6566:Cultural critic 6556:Cultural center 6504: 6478:Cultural Hindus 6424: 6415:Polyculturalism 6388:Monoculturalism 6363:Culture of fear 6333:Cultural safety 6328:Cultural rights 6308:Cultural racism 6303:Cultural policy 6181: 6087:Cultural system 6062:Cultural memory 5995:Cultural cringe 5921: 5853:Popular culture 5784: 5720:Cultural values 5641: 5590: 5576: 5571: 5527: 5493: 5491:Further reading 5488: 5482: 5469: 5463: 5450: 5444: 5426: 5420: 5403: 5399: 5394: 5393: 5366: 5362:Wayback Machine 5349:Wayback Machine 5336:Wayback Machine 5322:Esposito (2002b 5304: 5300: 5293: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5256: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5211: 5207: 5200: 5185: 5184: 5180: 5173: 5158: 5157: 5150: 5143: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5113: 5111: 5097: 5096: 5092: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5060: 5059: 5055: 5044: 5040: 5033: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5010: 5006: 4997: 4995: 4991: 4984: 4976: 4975: 4971: 4956: 4955: 4951: 4944: 4929: 4928: 4924: 4917: 4902: 4901: 4897: 4890: 4875: 4874: 4870: 4860: 4858: 4840: 4820:Khanam, Mahfuza 4809: 4808: 4804: 4791: 4787: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4726: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4674: 4673: 4669: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4623: 4621: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4589: 4588: 4584: 4575: 4573: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4554: 4550: 4541: 4537: 4528: 4524: 4511: 4507: 4490: 4486: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4458: 4454: 4438: 4434: 4427: 4414: 4413: 4409: 4396: 4395: 4388: 4378: 4377: 4370: 4363: 4342: 4341: 4337: 4318: 4311: 4292: 4288: 4269: 4265: 4246: 4242: 4232: 4230: 4229:on 7 March 2016 4217: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4152: 4151: 4147: 4141: 4137: 4131: 4127: 4118: 4114: 4105: 4101: 4084: 4080: 4073: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4044: 4027: 4026: 4022: 4015: 3998: 3997: 3993: 3988: 3984: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3961: 3928:Cultural Muslim 3924: 3919: 3832:Perisai Diri – 3761:Laamb Wrestling 3686:Pohela Boishakh 3674: 3668: 3665: 3656: 3653: 3644: 3641: 3589:the name of God 3551: 3543:Main articles: 3541: 3482:Bengali Muslims 3471: 3463:Main articles: 3461: 3449:Lailat al Miraj 3386:classical music 3229: 3223: 3031:confirmed the " 3006:Jalaluddin Rumi 2969:99 names of God 2892: 2733:(martyrdom) of 2648: 2597:culture or the 2526: 2519: 2500: 2491: 2481: 2472: 2465: 2456: 2440: 2431: 2420: 2337: 2331: 2259: 2253: 2244:abstract floral 2228:Day of Judgment 2190: 2184: 2100:shadow puppetry 2066: 2060: 2051:Ottoman Turkish 2038:Ottoman Turkish 2010: 2004: 1976:Sultana's Dream 1924:Delhi Sultanate 1888:Bengali Muslims 1873: 1861:Main articles: 1859: 1799: 1662:, particularly 1653: 1643: 1627:Arabic language 1604:Arabic language 1573: 1567: 1562: 1556: 1550: 1476:Islamic empires 1428:Islamic culture 1421: 1383: 1381: 1374: 1373: 1318:Other religions 1313:Arabic language 1275: 1265: 1264: 1193:Moral teachings 1084: 1070: 1069: 1060:Spread of Islam 1005: 995: 994: 982:(jurisprudence) 964:Qisas al-Anbiya 913: 912: 892: 891: 860: 850: 849: 805: 766: 728: 726: 98:Sudano-Sahelian 47:Islamic culture 17: 12: 11: 5: 6920: 6918: 6910: 6909: 6899: 6898: 6892: 6891: 6889: 6888: 6881: 6869: 6857: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6626:Cultural probe 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6551:Cross-cultural 6548: 6546:Coffee culture 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6516:Animal culture 6512: 6510: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6480: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6438: 6432: 6430: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6422: 6420:Transculturism 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6353:Culture change 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6189: 6187: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6177:Visual culture 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6157:Safety culture 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6023: 6022: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5981: 5980: 5978:Cross-cultural 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5929: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5861: 5860: 5850: 5849: 5848: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5792: 5790: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5681: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5655: 5649: 5647: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5637:Culture theory 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5598: 5596: 5592: 5591: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5570: 5569: 5562: 5555: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5537:Muslim culture 5526: 5525:External links 5523: 5522: 5521: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5480: 5467: 5461: 5448: 5442: 5428:Esposito, John 5424: 5418: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5364: 5351: 5338: 5325: 5324:, p. 111) 5319: 5318:, p. 164) 5298: 5291: 5261: 5255:978-0946621842 5254: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5224:Esposito (1998 5221: 5218: 5205: 5198: 5178: 5171: 5148: 5141: 5121: 5090: 5071: 5053: 5038: 5031: 5025:. SUNY Press. 5013: 5004: 4980:Umdat ul-Salik 4969: 4949: 4942: 4922: 4915: 4895: 4888: 4868: 4838: 4816:Islam, Sirajul 4802: 4785: 4776: 4767: 4761: 4731: 4724: 4704: 4691: 4667: 4654: 4630: 4609: 4602: 4582: 4557: 4548: 4535: 4522: 4505: 4484: 4467: 4452: 4432: 4425: 4407: 4386: 4368: 4361: 4335: 4309: 4286: 4263: 4253:UNESCO, 1994. 4240: 4210: 4180: 4165:(1): 151–166. 4145: 4135: 4125: 4112: 4099: 4078: 4071: 4049: 4043:978-9004201453 4042: 4020: 4013: 3991: 3982: 3973:"Minds unmade" 3963: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3917: 3908: 3899: 3890: 3881: 3872: 3863: 3854: 3848:Tarung Derajat 3845: 3836: 3830: 3821: 3812: 3803: 3794: 3785: 3776: 3767: 3758: 3749: 3740: 3731: 3722: 3713: 3704: 3694: 3673: 3670: 3663: 3651: 3639: 3540: 3537: 3460: 3457: 3394:Nazrul Sangeet 3382:Bengali Muslim 3374:Ali Akbar Khan 3321:Ottoman Empire 3301: 3300: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3225:Main article: 3222: 3219: 3039:as one of the 3010:Ottoman Empire 2891: 2888: 2870:Following the 2819:khayal al-zill 2743:Husayn ibn Ali 2718:Muslim history 2647: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2623: 2616: 2609: 2606: 2585:synagogues or 2567: 2545: 2525: 2522: 2521: 2520: 2501: 2494: 2492: 2482: 2475: 2473: 2466: 2459: 2457: 2441: 2434: 2432: 2421: 2414: 2380:Southeast Asia 2333:Main article: 2330: 2327: 2255:Main article: 2252: 2249: 2186:Main article: 2183: 2180: 2062:Main article: 2059: 2056: 2047:Ottoman Empire 2006:Main article: 2003: 2000: 1858: 1855: 1843:Nizami Ganjavi 1642: 1641:Persian/Iranic 1639: 1631:Arabic culture 1569:Main article: 1566: 1563: 1552:Main article: 1549: 1546: 1534:Laylat al-Qadr 1520:during Ramadan 1458:and the early 1432:Muslim culture 1423: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1412: 1405: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1357: 1347: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1335: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1309: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1276: 1273:Related topics 1271: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1257: 1255:Social welfare 1252: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1143: 1133: 1132: 1131: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1085: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1041: 1040: 1033: 1026: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1006: 1001: 1000: 997: 996: 993: 992: 984: 975: 974: 968: 960: 952: 943: 942: 922: 914: 911: 910: 905: 899: 898: 897: 894: 893: 890: 889: 884: 879: 873: 872: 867: 861: 856: 855: 852: 851: 848: 847: 845:Predestination 841: 840: 835: 829: 828: 826:Revealed Books 823: 817: 816: 806: 801: 800: 797: 796: 788: 787: 781: 780: 768: 767: 765: 764: 757: 750: 742: 739: 738: 737: 736: 721: 720: 719: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 685: 684: 678: 677: 676: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 572: 571: 565: 564: 563: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 414: 413: 407: 406: 405: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 341: 340: 334: 333: 332: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 238: 237: 231: 230: 229: 228: 223: 221:Turkish carpet 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 196:Persian carpet 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 131:Arabian carpet 125: 124: 118: 117: 116: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 57: 56: 50: 49: 43: 42: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6919: 6908: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6887: 6886: 6882: 6880: 6879: 6870: 6868: 6867: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6846: 6845: 6842: 6836: 6835:Youth culture 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6820:Urban culture 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6805:Remix culture 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6780:Media culture 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6770:Languaculture 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6698:Culture shock 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6658:Cultural turn 6656: 6654: 6651: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6526:Bennett scale 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6507: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6456:Protestantism 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6399: 6398:Biculturalism 6396: 6395: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6184: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6162:Technoculture 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6142:Print culture 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6107:Enculturation 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6027:Cultural icon 6025: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5979: 5976: 5975: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5968:Cultural bias 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5948:Cultural area 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5933:Acculturation 5931: 5930: 5928: 5924: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5907:Super culture 5905: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5851: 5847: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5821:Legal culture 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5787: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5770:Sound culture 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5579: 5575: 5568: 5563: 5561: 5556: 5554: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5538: 5533: 5529: 5528: 5524: 5519: 5518:0-415-07693-5 5515: 5511: 5503: 5500:, in series, 5499: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5483: 5477: 5473: 5468: 5464: 5458: 5454: 5449: 5445: 5439: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5370: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5356: 5352: 5350: 5346: 5343: 5339: 5337: 5333: 5330: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5302: 5299: 5294: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5275: 5274: 5265: 5262: 5257: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5242: 5234: 5231: 5226:, p. 79) 5225: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5201: 5195: 5191: 5190: 5182: 5179: 5174: 5168: 5164: 5163: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5144: 5138: 5134: 5133: 5125: 5122: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5094: 5091: 5086: 5082: 5075: 5072: 5067: 5063: 5057: 5054: 5050: 5047: 5042: 5039: 5034: 5032:0-7914-1155-9 5028: 5024: 5017: 5014: 5008: 5005: 4994:on 2018-05-20 4990: 4983: 4981: 4973: 4970: 4965: 4964: 4961: 4957:Al-Ghazzali. 4953: 4950: 4945: 4943:0-7923-3342-X 4939: 4935: 4934: 4926: 4923: 4918: 4916:0-253-21729-6 4912: 4908: 4907: 4899: 4896: 4891: 4889:0-7591-0190-6 4885: 4881: 4880: 4872: 4869: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4839:984-32-0576-6 4835: 4831: 4827: 4826: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4806: 4803: 4799: 4798:0-934211-29-9 4795: 4789: 4786: 4780: 4777: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4762:965-264-014-X 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4735: 4732: 4727: 4725:0-415-96691-4 4721: 4717: 4716: 4708: 4705: 4694: 4692:9781576070048 4688: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4668: 4657: 4655:9781933316659 4651: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4634: 4631: 4619: 4613: 4610: 4605: 4599: 4595: 4594: 4586: 4583: 4572:on 2007-03-17 4571: 4567: 4561: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4545: 4539: 4536: 4532: 4526: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4468: 4463: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4436: 4433: 4428: 4426:0-300-06465-9 4422: 4418: 4411: 4408: 4403: 4399: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4364: 4358: 4354: 4349: 4348: 4339: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4323: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4297: 4290: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4274: 4267: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4251: 4244: 4241: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4211: 4199:on 8 May 2016 4198: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4149: 4146: 4139: 4136: 4129: 4126: 4122: 4116: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4100: 4096: 4095:0-19-821905-9 4092: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4074: 4072:9781136258466 4068: 4064: 4060: 4053: 4050: 4045: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4024: 4021: 4016: 4014:9780936347356 4010: 4006: 4002: 3995: 3992: 3989:Jones, p. ix. 3986: 3983: 3979:. 4 May 2013. 3978: 3977:The Economist 3974: 3968: 3965: 3958: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3743:Nuba fighting 3741: 3739: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3680:A scene from 3678: 3671: 3662: 3650: 3638: 3633: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3580: 3579: 3574: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3514: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3486:Sylhet region 3483: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3466: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3453:Shab-e-baraat 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3421: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3384:exponents of 3383: 3380:were notable 3379: 3375: 3371: 3370:Alauddin Khan 3367: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3348:Mappila Songs 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3228: 3227:Islamic music 3220: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3179:Kemal Atatürk 3176: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3125: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3003: 3002:Mevlevi Order 2998: 2996: 2995: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2943: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2925: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2912:belly dancing 2905: 2901: 2896: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2876:East Pakistan 2873: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2739:Hasan ibn Ali 2736: 2732: 2731: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2710:passion plays 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2688: 2684: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2661:in Bangladesh 2660: 2657: 2652: 2645: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2523: 2518:architecture. 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2463: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2418: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2323:calligraffiti 2320: 2316: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2205: 2204:Goaldi Mosque 2201: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2151:illuminations 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2113: 2108: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2034:Turkification 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2009: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1940:Mughal Empire 1937: 1934:(such as the 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1882:commemorates 1881: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1835:Hafiz Shirazi 1832: 1831:Saadi Shirazi 1828: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1748:Transcaucasus 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1702:, regions of 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1648: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1581: 1577: 1572: 1564: 1561: 1555: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1526: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1406: 1404: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1269: 1268: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1228:Proselytizing 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1136:Denominations 1134: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1019: 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493: 491: 488: 485: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 455: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 435:Crimean Tatar 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 417: 416: 415: 412: 408: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 344: 343: 342: 339: 335: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 241: 240: 239: 236: 232: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 166:Iznik pottery 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 128: 127: 126: 123: 119: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 69: 66: 64: 61: 60: 59: 58: 55: 51: 48: 44: 40: 36: 35: 30: 26: 21: 6883: 6876: 6864: 6852: 6800:Rape culture 6745:Drug culture 6733:Deaf culture 6718:Cyberculture 6688:Culture hero 6601:Cultural lag 6541:Civilization 6482: 6441:Christianity 6147:Protoculture 5831:Microculture 5811:High culture 5806:Folk culture 5755:Postcritique 5509: 5501: 5497: 5471: 5452: 5432: 5407: 5368: 5316:Curtis (2005 5301: 5272: 5264: 5240: 5233: 5215:Waines (2003 5208: 5188: 5181: 5161: 5131: 5124: 5112:. Retrieved 5104:Filmfare.com 5103: 5093: 5084: 5074: 5065: 5056: 5041: 5022: 5016: 5007: 4996:. Retrieved 4989:the original 4979: 4972: 4963: 4959: 4952: 4932: 4925: 4905: 4898: 4878: 4871: 4861:18 September 4859:. Retrieved 4823: 4805: 4788: 4779: 4770: 4748: 4745:Moshe Sharon 4741:David Ayalon 4734: 4714: 4707: 4696:. Retrieved 4681: 4677: 4670: 4659:. Retrieved 4644: 4640: 4633: 4622:. Retrieved 4612: 4592: 4585: 4574:. Retrieved 4570:the original 4560: 4551: 4538: 4525: 4517: 4513: 4508: 4492: 4487: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4455: 4440: 4435: 4416: 4410: 4401: 4380: 4346: 4338: 4321: 4295: 4289: 4272: 4266: 4249: 4243: 4231:. Retrieved 4227:the original 4222: 4213: 4201:. Retrieved 4197:the original 4192: 4183: 4171:. 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After the 1775: 1760: 1746:, the wider 1704:Central Asia 1676:Greater Iran 1654: 1620: 1607: 1591: 1584:الأدب العربي 1574: 1539: 1532: 1436:Muslim world 1431: 1427: 1426: 1345:Islamophobia 1124:Demographics 1119:Circumcision 1077: 1035: 1028: 1021: 987: 979: 963: 955: 947: 936: 930: 924: 917: 623:Madih nabawi 186:Oriental rug 68:Indo-Islamic 54:Architecture 46: 6878:WikiProject 6810:Tea culture 6713:Culturalism 6683:Culture gap 6646:Pop-culture 6446:Catholicism 6368:Culture war 5826:Low culture 5725:Culturomics 5632:Culturology 5397:Works cited 4800:: Mage 2005 4223:Banglapedia 3953:Muslim meme 3884:Seni Gayong 3797:Lathi Khela 3707:Yağlı güreş 3626:herbivorous 3564:cooking in 3459:Family life 3429:Eid ul-Adha 3425:Eid ul-Fitr 3400:written by 3344:South India 3263:Middle East 3130:Eid el-Adha 3071:Afghanistan 3004:founded by 2979:Al-Ghazzali 2930:Al-Ghazzali 2906:dance show. 2838:storyteller 2599:wikt:haikal 2581:scrolls in 2428:Jama Masjid 2308:Islamic art 2267:calligraphy 2263:handwriting 2251:Calligraphy 2232:Islamic art 2167:portraiture 2139:Islamic art 2119:Islamic art 2064:Islamic art 1812:Transoxiana 1782:Old Persian 1692:Afghanistan 1672:literatures 1668:New Persian 1360:Laws of war 1023:Ahl al-Bayt 908:Foundations 525:South Asian 425:Azerbaijani 357:Chaand Raat 216:Turkmen rug 146:Calligraphy 63:Azerbaijani 5875:Subculture 5653:Bioculture 5281:. p. 4998:2018-05-19 4698:2014-03-16 4661:2014-03-16 4624:2014-03-16 4576:2018-12-10 4501:0944940005 4331:9971774887 4305:0754674061 4282:1438110251 4259:9231028138 4173:7 November 3959:References 3933:Islamicate 3915:West Asian 3801:Bangladesh 3792:Bangladesh 3783:Bangladesh 3566:Chittagong 3488:of giving 3435:(see also 3390:Runa Laila 3352:Duff Muttu 3338:, and the 3273:. Because 3108:Naqshbandi 3012:, and its 2900:performing 2790:by way of 2706:marionette 2671:Indonesian 2512:Bangladesh 2085:Bangladesh 2081:Sunderbans 2073:Patachitra 2043:Karamanids 1938:) and the 1920:Ghaznavids 1916:Ghaznavids 1898:. Central 1800: 650 1786:Achaemenid 1756:Bangladesh 1744:Azerbaijan 1740:South Asia 1736:Ghaznavids 1712:South Asia 1708:Tajikistan 1645:See also: 1558:See also: 1510:cultures. 1508:Indonesian 1470:, and the 1468:Byzantines 1213:Philosophy 950:(exegesis) 887:Pilgrimage 877:Almsgiving 673:Tambourine 450:Indonesian 411:Literature 372:Imamat Day 156:Embroidery 73:Indonesian 29:Bangladesh 6703:Culturgen 6471:Mormonism 6429:Religions 6102:Cultureme 6020:Destroyed 5646:Subfields 4856:30677644M 4812:"Theatre" 4097:, p. 200. 4059:"Persian" 3911:Furusiyya 3861:Indonesia 3852:Indonesia 3843:Indonesia 3834:Indonesia 3828:Indonesia 3819:Indonesia 3698:Pahlavani 3688:, a type 3637:Merciful. 3584:bismillah 3418:Bhatiyali 3317:Caliphate 3164:Although 2934:Al-Nawawi 2840:called a 2770:Indonesia 2761:theatre. 2712:known as 2620:arabesque 2605:churches. 2408:fountains 2364:Byzantine 2348:buildings 2296:خط اسلامي 2240:geometric 2123:arabesque 1616:etiquette 1518:Hyderabad 1484:Caucasian 1333:terrorism 1285:Criticism 1238:Sexuality 1208:Mysticism 1178:Festivals 1158:Education 1153:Economics 1089:Academics 1045:Caliphate 858:Practices 691:Bangsawan 668:Talempong 480:Malaysian 352:al-Ghadir 284:Jellabiya 274:Headscarf 181:Miniature 6901:Category 6854:Category 6436:Buddhism 6186:Politics 5595:Sciences 5430:(1998). 5358:Archived 5345:Archived 5332:Archived 5108:Archived 5085:DAWN.COM 5066:DAWN.COM 4848:52727562 4747:(eds.), 4514:Muqarnas 4193:NewsGram 4167:Archived 3922:See also 3906:Malaysia 3897:Malaysia 3888:Malaysia 3879:Malaysia 3870:Malaysia 3720:Pakistan 3664:— 3652:— 3640:— 3507:Marriage 3414:Bhawaiya 3406:Jari gan 3309:Anatolia 3215:Pakistan 3201:and the 3147:Javanese 3073:and the 3060:tannoura 3050:and the 2957:maarifat 2800:Anatolia 2737:'s sons 2683:Muhammad 2595:Mitraism 2548:Minarets 2530:Muhammad 2484:Istanbul 2469:Alhambra 2449:Kairouan 2398:and the 2271:alphabet 2224:Muhammad 2216:musawwir 2077:Gazi Pir 2030:Ottomans 1827:Ferdowsi 1820:Samanids 1816:Tahirids 1808:Khorasan 1763:Persians 1752:Pakistan 1706:such as 1696:Caucasus 1472:Persians 1369:Glossary 1355:Jihadism 1328:Violence 1323:Islamism 1294:Muhammad 1280:Apostasy 1223:Politics 1173:Feminism 1168:Exorcism 1129:Diaspora 1114:Children 1109:Calendar 1037:Rashidun 1015:Muhammad 1010:Timeline 971:Mathnawi 833:Prophets 777:a series 775:Part of 495:Nigerian 460:Kashmiri 454:Javanese 377:New Year 347:Arba'een 338:Holidays 299:Keffiyeh 235:Clothing 191:Paan dan 39:a series 37:Part of 6885:Changes 6866:Commons 6509:Related 6500:Sikhism 6495:Judaism 5926:Aspects 5588:Outline 5574:Culture 5506:transl. 3774:Nigeria 3765:Senegal 3738:Somalia 3734:Istunka 3622:alcohol 3618:carrion 3524:Shahada 3494:Ramadan 3484:in the 3433:Ashurah 3398:ghazals 3364:mystics 3346:, see: 3319:as the 3297:Qawwali 3203:Taliban 3183:Wahhabi 3175:British 3166:tariqas 3151:Bedouin 3143:Persian 3139:Ottoman 3100:Maghreb 3088:qawwali 3067:Chishti 3033:Mevlevi 2842:morshed 2796:Mongols 2784:Karagoz 2758:ta'zieh 2747:akhraja 2730:shaheed 2714:ta'ziya 2677:theatre 2646:Theatre 2611:Use of 2591:Persian 2564:Tunisia 2453:Tunisia 2372:Chinese 2368:Persian 2279:Ottoman 2202:inside 2200:Mihrabs 2197:Bengali 2159:muraqqa 2135:mosques 2117:Public 2018:Seljuks 1972:ghazals 1944:ghazals 1732:Seljuks 1531:during 1529:Karbala 1454:to the 1250:Slavery 1233:Science 1188:Madrasa 1183:Finance 1094:Animals 1082:society 1078:Culture 1050:Imamate 1030:Sahabah 1003:History 973:(Poems) 958:(creed) 882:Fasting 810:Oneness 803:Beliefs 711:Ta'zieh 682:Theatre 658:Qawwali 648:Nasheed 593:Gamelan 588:Dastgah 545:Turkmen 540:Turkish 510:Punjabi 505:Persian 470:Kurdish 440:Gambian 430:Bengali 402:Raghaib 397:Bara’at 392:Ramadan 382:al-Qadr 367:al-Adha 362:al-Fitr 319:Songkok 226:Zardozi 108:Swahili 88:Persian 83:Ottoman 78:Moorish 25:Tangail 5885:Fandom 5516: 5478: 5459: 5440: 5416: 5309: 5289: 5252: 5196: 5169: 5139: 5114:21 May 5049:UNESCO 5029: 4940: 4913: 4886: 4854: 4846: 4836: 4796: 4759: 4722: 4689: 4652: 4600: 4499: 4447: 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