51:
536:(part of the Philippines). In the same year, Miangas Village Secretary Jhonlyi Awala died from a beating at the hands of the Chief of Police of Miangas. About 200 people, dressed in black, demonstrated to express their outrage at the senseless death and the island's neglect by the Indonesian state. They lowered the Indonesian flag at the Miangas pier and instead raised the Philippine flag. Talaud Regent Elly Engelbert Lasut, who arrived from Manado, de-escalated the situation.
67:
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1625:
1609:
352:
624:
1734:
1687:
1706:
1679:
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74:
550:
A monument, named
Monumen Patung Santiago (Monument Statue of Santiago), was built and inaugurated on the island in 2009 to commemorate Santiago who defended the island from the Dutch colonials. In 2011, the island could be reached by ship operated by
1115:
454:
on 31 March. On 17 October the
Netherlands Foreign Ministry responded with reasons why the island was included in the Dutch East Indies. On 23 January 1925 the Netherlands and the United States brought the case to the
416:
flag. With
Jellesma was Pastor Kroll, who baptized 254 residents as Protestants. After Jellesma's visit, a Tahuna assistant resident and Pastor Pannings visited the island in April and October 1909.
512:
Directives and
Guidelines on the Implementation of the Immigration Agreement on Repatriation and Border Crossing Arrangement Between Republic of Indonesia and the Republic of the Philippines
1123:
1410:
371:
belonged to two kingdoms, Tabukan and
Kalongan. To justify their sovereignty over Miangas, the Dutch argued that the island had been under the domination of the princes of Sangir.
1158:
558:
In 2014, both the governments of the
Philippines and Indonesia officially demarcated their maritime borders, with Miangas recognized as within the waters of Indonesia.
510:, to cross the border to trade, visit family, worship, and travel. On 16 September 1965, Jusuf Ronodipuro of Indonesia and Leon T. Garcia of the Philippines signed a
450:, he reported it to the United States Military Secretary, on 26 January. The United States government referred the matter to the Netherlands through their embassy in
1586:
897:
1088:
615:. In the northeast corner of the island, there is a 46-metre-high (151 ft) cliff, with the northeast shore fringed by a 320 m (0.2 mi) reef.
470:
argued that Spain could not have legally ceded Palmas or any part of the
Philippines to the United States because Filipinos had already established the
434:, the Philippines area was all areas within a large geographic box. Miangas lay inside the southern boundary of the box. On 21 January 1906, General
540:
328:), meaning "people who live separated from the main archipelago" and "our island", respectively. During the 16th century, the island was named in
298:
603: mi) wide, with an area of 3.15 km. Miangas, which lies to the north of the Nanusa Islands, forms a separate district within the
442:, officially visited the island for the first time. He found the Dutch flag was flying there and that the island was claimed as part of the
1761:
1414:
562:
766:
M. P. H. Roessingh, "Dutch relations with the
Philippines:a survey of sources in the General States Archives, The Hague, Netherlands",
1667:
1579:
525:
In 1972, the island was hit by a tsunami, and 90 householders were moved by the government to
Bolaang-Mongondow Regency as a result.
1613:
1554:
1535:
1514:
1493:
1472:
672:
As at the 2010 Census, the island's population was 728 people; the official estimate in mid-2022 was 816. Miangas inhabitants speak
611:. The highest point, called Gunung Batu, is 111 metres high, located in the northeast part of the island. This area is covered with
593:
in the
Philippines. It also lies 87 km (54 mi) southeast of Mindanao. It is 3 km (2 mi) long and 1.2 km (
1771:
1205:
1150:
66:
803:
456:
397:
The island was affected by an outbreak of cholera in 1885, causing hundreds of the inhabitants to move to Karakelang Island.
482:
On 4 July 1956, Indonesia, represented by Ambassador Soehardjo Wirjopranoto, and the Philippines, represented by Ambassador
1572:
1234:
819:
Kelsey, Harry (April 1986). "Finding the Way Home: Spanish Exploration of the Round-Trip Route across the Pacific Ocean".
1285:
1766:
1334:
1180:
544:
463:
of Switzerland. On 4 April 1928 Huber decided that the island "forms in its entirety a part of Netherlands territory".
124:
1080:
1260:
687:
The island has a police station and two military posts. There are also a market, a harbor office and a bank office.
1385:
471:
297:
is the northernmost island not just of North Sulawesi but also of Indonesia, and one of 92 officially listed
1042:
642:, however, they started using motorboats. These are now the main source of transportation. In October 2016,
604:
431:
368:
233:
1012:
639:
460:
425:
1629:
1116:"Between Manado and Davao: How the Indonesian island of Miangas is making use of its Philippine ties"
608:
447:
380:
519:
515:
409:
337:
50:
37:
1335:"KM Sangiang-Berlayar Hingga Tapal Batas Miangas KM Sangiang-Berlayar Hingga Tapal Batas Miangas"
871:
836:
794:
Berguno, Jorge (1990). "The South and Mid-Pacific Voyages". In Hardy, John; Frost, Alan (eds.).
854:
Nowell, Charles E. (December 1936). "The Loaisa Expedition and the Ownership of the Moluccas".
1550:
1531:
1510:
1489:
1468:
799:
488:
Agreement on Immigration Between the Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Indonesia
443:
413:
274:
863:
828:
703:
Sasahara language or sea language is a language that is used by Sangir people while sailing.
681:
673:
503:
483:
329:
1715:
677:
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570:
507:
491:
351:
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in February 2009 published a map which included Miangas into the Philippines' territory.
1694:
1639:
586:
391:
364:
223:
159:
112:
658:
Miangas inhabitants derive their main income from fishing. Women also weave mats from
638:
For transportation, Miangas inhabitants once relied on homemade sailboats. During the
1755:
768:
529:
439:
360:
623:
1464:
International Relations in Southeast Asia: Between Bilateralism and Multilateralism
612:
499:
435:
1525:
1504:
1483:
1462:
1338:
1017:"Island of Palmas (or Miangas) (The United States of America v. The Netherlands)"
1720:
1671:
1662:
1633:
1624:
1617:
1608:
1547:
Sejarah Wilayah Perbatasan: Miangas - Filipina 1928 - 2010 Dua Nama Satu Juragan
1488:. Publications on Ocean Development. Vol. 65. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
647:
631:
467:
108:
17:
1726:
1524:
Rothwell, Donald R.; Kaye, Stuart; Akhtarkhavari, Afshin; Davis, Ruth (2010).
590:
533:
1564:
383:, Spanish sailor and researcher, was the first European to visit the island.
139:
126:
1738:
566:
451:
321:
266:
359:
According to local tradition, there were a number of kingdoms in the area.
316:
used to visit the island. In the Sasahara language, the island is called
1016:
660:
474:
on June 12, 1898 before the Treaty of Paris was signed on Dec. 10, 1898.
313:
104:
1485:
Maritime Boundary Disputes, Settlement Processes, and the Law of the Sea
1359:
875:
495:
840:
582:
401:
387:
278:
867:
1527:
International Law: Cases and Materials With Australian Perspectives
1284:
Polakitan, Karel Alexander (12 March 2017). Burhani, Ruslan (ed.).
832:
1733:
622:
552:
350:
1081:"Special Report: The legal battle for Palmas island (conclusion)"
650:. The inaugural flight served this airport several months later.
1545:
Ulaen, Alex J.; Wulandari, Triana; Tangkilisan, Yuda B. (2012).
1568:
975:
862:(4). United States: University of California Press: 325–336.
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1371:
1101:
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999:
987:
945:
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serves the island once a week. The flight, operated by
898:"Menilik Perbatasan Indonesia-Filipina: Pulau Miangas"
1411:"Wings Air Flies Inaugural Flight to Miangas Island"
1261:"Philippines, Indonesia seal historic maritime deal"
827:(2). United States: Utah State University: 145–164.
466:
It was reported in 2003 that Philippine congressman
1530:. Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press.
1409:Wiseno, Hari; Qusnulyakin, Firman (13 March 2017).
265:
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229:
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189:
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118:
99:
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35:
1506:Prostar Sailing Directions 2004 New Guinea Enroute
1079:Bagares, Romel; Calica, Aurea (February 3, 2003).
581:Miangas is located 521 km (324 mi) from
607:. The island is mainly lowland, about 1.5 metres
1503:National Geospatial-intelligence Agency (2004).
312:means "exposed to piracy", because pirates from
1286:"Wings Air to Open Inaugural Flight to Miangas"
1151:"Private mapmaker suspected in border blunder"
404:, visited Miangas to praise the residents and
1580:
1206:"Patung Santiago Diresmikan di Pulau Miangas"
528:In 2005, the Indonesian government refused a
8:
1482:Hong, Seoung-Yong; van Dyke, Jon M. (2009).
1360:National Geospatial-intelligence Agency 2004
1321:
960:
896:Raharjo, Sandy Nur Ikfal (17 January 2012).
30:
1309:
1023:. The Hague: Permanent Court of Arbitration
730:
561:Starting from 12 March 2017, a flight from
1587:
1573:
1565:
1386:"President inaugurates airport in Miangas"
1181:"Mabes TNI Segera Bangun Monumen Santiago"
1122:. Public Trust Media Group. Archived from
971:
969:
680:, the older generation usually also speak
49:
29:
1235:"Two ports to become world-class harbors"
956:
954:
917:
915:
514:, to clarify the first agreement, making
400:In 1895, E. J. Jellesma, Oud-resident of
386:The island was used as a defense site by
1050:Reports of International Arbitral Awards
798:. Australian Academy of the Humanities.
1436:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
1372:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
1102:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
1067:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
1000:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
988:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
946:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
934:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
922:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
891:
889:
887:
885:
782:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
755:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
743:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
726:
724:
720:
696:
412:flag. Jellesma gave them a medal and a
1509:(9th ed.). ProStar Publications.
1228:
1226:
541:Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1447:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023.
1161:from the original on 22 February 2009
1145:
1143:
1141:
1091:from the original on 23 January 2018.
7:
1602:
1337:. Pelni. 19 May 2011. Archived from
1114:Velasco, Djorina (28 January 2007).
589:and 198 km (123 mi) from
796:European Voyaging towards Australia
490:, that allowed border residents in
169:3.15 km (1.22 sq mi)
1461:Ganesan, N.; Amer, Ramses (2010).
1233:Harsaputra, Indra (28 June 2011).
390:people when under attack from the
25:
1732:
1704:
1685:
1677:
1661:
1649:
1623:
1607:
1413:. netralnews.com. Archived from
1384:Susilo, Joko (19 October 2016).
1259:Esmaquel, Paterno (2014-05-23).
821:The Western Historical Quarterly
86:Location of Miangas in Indonesia
72:
65:
27:Northernmost Island in Indonesia
1549:. Jakarta: Gramata Publishing.
1467:. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.
73:
1290:Antaranews.com (in Indonesian)
457:Permanent Court of Arbitration
1:
1705:
1650:
522:, and Balut the checkpoints.
299:outlying islands of Indonesia
1686:
1678:
545:Philippine Tourism Authority
478:Post Indonesian independence
185:1.2 km (0.75 mi)23
1762:Landforms of North Sulawesi
1212:(in Indonesian). 2009-08-21
1187:(in Indonesian). 2009-05-29
472:Republic of the Philippines
1788:
1595:Places adjacent to Miangas
423:
1600:
856:Pacific Historical Review
210:
177:3 km (1.9 mi)23
60:
48:
1322:Hong & van Dyke 2009
1056:: 829–871. 4 April 1928.
961:Hong & van Dyke 2009
630:was opened by President
459:, under sole arbitrator
446:. When Wood returned to
193:111 m (364 ft)
1772:Former disputed islands
1310:Ganesan & Amer 2010
1043:"Island of Palmas Case"
731:Ganesan & Amer 2010
355:Tanjung Bora in Miangas
256:259/km (671/sq mi)
248:816 (mid 2022 estimate)
635:
605:Talaud Islands Regency
381:Garcia Jofre de Loaísa
356:
261:Additional information
190:Highest elevation
772:5, No. 2, pp. 377-407
648:President Joko Widodo
626:
426:Island of Palmas Case
420:Island of Palmas Case
354:
55:Wolo Beach on Miangas
1417:on 21 September 2017
1157:. 14 February 2009.
976:Rothwell et al. 2010
1767:Islands of Sulawesi
1126:on 20 February 2017
1120:News Break Archives
1085:The Philippine Star
1021:PCA Case Repository
646:was inaugurated by
484:Jose T. Fuentebella
140:5.5575°N 126.5833°E
136: /
32:
1438:, pp. 136–137
1374:, pp. 137–138
1341:on 15 October 2012
1104:, pp. 121–123
636:
408:for rejecting the
357:
334:Isla de las Palmas
198:Highest point
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1614:Governor Generoso
585:, the capital of
539:According to the
444:Dutch East Indies
430:According to the
379:In October 1526,
341:Ilha de Palmeiras
288:
287:
16:(Redirected from
1779:
1737:
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1668:Jose Abad Santos
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1015:(4 April 1928).
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532:from Miangas to
375:Early modern era
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145:5.5575; 126.5833
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18:Island of Palmas
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587:North Sulawesi
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573:every Sunday.
508:laissez-passer
479:
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438:, Governor of
424:Main article:
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392:Sulu Sultanate
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224:North Sulawesi
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206:Administration
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1415:the original
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253:Pop. density
240:Demographics
212:
1721:Celebes Sea
1672:Philippines
1634:Philippines
1618:Philippines
1390:Antara News
1362:, p. 3
1130:20 February
632:Joko Widodo
569:, lands at
518:, Miangas,
468:Harry Roque
201:Gunung Batu
156:Archipelago
143: /
131:126°35′00″E
119:Coordinates
109:Philippines
38:Native name
1756:Categories
1727:Karakelong
1395:2023-03-23
1270:2023-03-23
1216:2021-03-24
1210:KOMPAS.com
1191:2021-03-24
1013:Huber, Max
805:0909897190
711:References
674:Indonesian
668:Demography
591:Davao City
494:, Talaud,
338:Portuguese
245:Population
1739:Hatohobei
1630:Mati City
1027:8 October
640:New Order
577:Geography
567:Wings Air
504:Sarangani
461:Max Huber
452:The Hague
448:Zamboanga
336:, and in
322:Minahasan
305:Etymology
267:Time zone
213:Indonesia
128:5°33′27″N
95:Geography
1159:Archived
1089:Archived
664:leaves.
326:Poilaten
314:Mindanao
220:Province
105:Mindanao
100:Location
1683:Miangas
1421:18 July
1345:15 June
1295:24 June
1265:RAPPLER
1244:15 June
1165:15 June
904:16 June
876:3632888
682:Tagalog
654:Economy
598:⁄
496:Nunukan
492:Sangihe
410:Spanish
347:History
330:Spanish
318:Tinonda
310:Miangas
291:Miangas
230:Regency
80:Miangas
31:Miangas
1553:
1534:
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1492:
1471:
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874:
841:969278
839:
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678:Talaud
661:pandan
583:Manado
563:Manado
543:, the
520:Mabila
516:Marore
502:, and
402:Manado
388:Talaud
369:Sitaro
365:Talaud
361:Sangir
295:Palmas
174:Length
1046:(PDF)
872:JSTOR
837:JSTOR
716:Notes
691:Notes
553:Pelni
534:Davao
500:Balut
414:Dutch
279:UTC+8
182:Width
103:near
1551:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1511:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1469:ISBN
1423:2017
1347:2012
1297:2018
1246:2012
1167:2012
1132:2017
1029:2016
906:2012
800:ISBN
676:and
367:and
275:ICST
166:Area
864:doi
829:doi
332:as
293:or
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