1209:, set off a copper boom in the state, and the first modern copper mines were opened on the island. Evidence of the earlier mining efforts was everywhere, in the form of many stone hammers, some copper artifacts, and places where copper had been partially worked out of the rock but left in place. The ancient pits and trenches led to the discovery of many of the copper deposits that were mined in the 19th century. The remoteness of the island, combined with the small veins of copper, caused most of the 19th-century mines to fail quickly. Between the miners and commercial loggers, much of the island was
5640:
6559:
1514:
101:
1954:
1293:, first to scout for copper. Angelique found a large mass of copper ore, upon which she and her husband were hired to stay and guard until a barge could come to retrieve it, promised in no more than 3 months' time. They were dropped off in July and were left stranded there until the following spring. They were left with minimal provisions, which consisted of a half-barrel of flour, six pounds of butter, and some beans. A supply boat was promised to arrive after the first few weeks, but it was never sent out.
3552:
73:
1669:
1601:. Archeological evidence indicates both of these species were present on Isle Royale for 3,500 years prior to being removed by direct human actions (hunting, trapping, mining, logging, fires, competition for resources from exotic species and possibly disease due to the introduction of invasive species). The last caribou documented on Isle Royale was in 1925. Though lynx were removed by the 1930s, some have periodically crossed the ice bridge from neighboring
455:, itself part of Upper Peninsula. There are no roads on the island, and wheeled vehicles or devices, other than wheelchairs, are not permitted. Rock Harbor has wheeled carts available to move personal belongings from the Rock Harbor marina to the cabins and hotel. Also, the National Park Service employs tractors and utility terrain vehicles to move items around the developed areas at Ozaagaateng, Rock Harbor, and Mott Island.
56:
1999:
powerboats. It is a six-hour voyage from
Houghton to the park. The ship stays overnight at Rock Harbor before returning the next day, making two round trips each week from June to mid-September. Briefly in the 2008 season, the Ranger III carried visitors to and from Ozaagaateng. This was not continued after four trips, due to low interest and long crossing times. In 2012, Park Superintendent Phyllis Green required the
1618:
4712:
6451:
1830:, which runs 40 mi (64 km) from one end of the island to the other. This is generally done as a 4 or 5 day hike. A boat shuttle can carry hikers back to their starting point. The trail leads to the peak of Mount Desor, at 1,394 ft (425 m), the highest point on the island, and passes through northwoods wilderness, and by inland glacial lakes, swamps, bogs and scenic shorelines.
1680:
1656:
had ended replenishment of the wolf population from the mainland. Due to genetic inbreeding, the wolf population had declined to two individuals in 2016, causing researchers to expect that the island's wolf population would eventually become extinct. At the same time, the island's moose population had exploded to an estimated 1600. By
November 2017, the wolf population was down to one, a female.
108:
80:
1902:
2010:, out of Grand Portage, crosses up to three times a week, overnighting at Rock Harbor and providing transportation between popular lakeside campgrounds. In the fall season, in addition to carrying campers and hikers, it provides day-trip service to Ozaagaateng on weekends. The Voyageur transports kayaks and canoes for visitors wanting to explore the island from the water. The
1228:. Today, it has no permanent inhabitants; the small communities of Scandinavian fishermen were removed by the United States National Park Service after the island became a national park in the 1940s. About 12 families still have lifetime leases for their cabins and claim Isle Royale as their heritage, and several descendant fishermen fish the Isle Royale waters commercially.
4725:
1879:, picnic tables, and fire-rings at specific areas. Campfires are not permitted at most campgrounds; gas or alcohol camp stoves are recommended. Drinking and cooking water must be drawn from local water sources (Lake Superior and inland lakes) and filtered, treated, or boiled to avoid parasites. Hunting is not permitted, but fishing is, and edible berries (
1124:
276:
6396:
1306:
6445:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6340:
6333:
6326:
6319:
6312:
6305:
6298:
6291:
6284:
6277:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6242:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6123:
6116:
6109:
6102:
6095:
6088:
6081:
6074:
6067:
6060:
6053:
6046:
6039:
6032:
6025:
6018:
1984:
operates round-trips and offers day trips to the
Ozaagaateng visitor center through much of the season, and less frequently in early summer and autumn; it will transport kayaks and canoes for visitors wanting to explore the park from the water. It is the fastest ferry serving the island and arrives
1871:
on the island lakes. Other campgrounds are accessible only by private boat. The campsites vary in capacity but typically include a few three-sided wood shelters (the fourth wall is screened) with floors and roofs, and several individual sites suitable for pitching a small tent. Some tent sites with
1655:
There are usually around 25 wolves and 1000 moose on the island, but the numbers change greatly year to year. In the 2006-2007 winter, a survey found 385 moose and 21 wolves in 3 packs. In spring 2008, 23 wolves and approximately 650 moose were counted. However, recent reductions in winter pack ice
2014:
and other boat taxi services ferry hikers to points along the island, allowing a one-way hike back to Rock Harbor or
Ozaagaateng. Visitors may land at Rock Harbor and depart from Ozaagaateng several days later, or vice versa. Hikers frequently ride it in one direction to do a cross-island hike and
1825:
The island offers approximately 170 mi (270 km) of hiking trails for everything from day hikes to a two-week circumnavigation hike. Some of the hiking trails are quite challenging, with steep grades. The
Greenstone Ridge is a high ridge in the center of the island and carries the longest
1533:
in a closed environment. There is a cyclical relationship between the two animals: as the moose increase in population, so do the wolves. Eventually, the wolves kill too many moose and begin to starve and lower their reproductive rates. This is made easier because Isle Royale has been colonized by
1659:
In
December 2016, the National Park Service put forward an initial plan to bring additional wolves to the island in order to prevent the pack from disappearing completely. The decision to relocate 20-30 wolves to the island was approved and from September 2018 to September 2019, 19 wolves were
1635:
and transported to Isle Royale seemed unlikely until decades later when genetic evidence revealed the moose on Isle Royale were more closely related to moose in the far northwestern
Minnesota/Manitoba border area than the mainland adjacent to Isle Royale in far northeastern Minnesota bordering
1625:
Moose are believed to have colonized Isle Royale sometime between 1905 and 1912. It was initially believed that a small herd of moose (moose typically do not travel in herds) colonized the islands by crossing the ice from the adjacent mainland; later this theory was modified to a herd of moose
1296:
The full events were chronicled in a footnote as told by
Angelique, in the first printing of a book called "The Honorable Peter White" by Ralph D. Williams in 1907; Angelique's story was pulled from the subsequent printing, thus making it the only written record that survives. Humans have not
1270:, which gives an overview of the maritime history of the area. The area's notoriously harsh weather, dramatic underwater topography, the island's central location on historic shipping routes, and the cold, fresh water have resulted in largely intact, well preserved wrecks throughout the park.
1998:
is a 165 ft (50 m) ship that serves park visitors from
Houghton, Michigan to Rock Harbor. It is operated by the National Park Service, and is said to be the largest piece of equipment in the National Park system. It carries 125 passengers, along with canoes, kayaks, and even small
1630:
from the nearest mainland. The improbability of these theories received little scrutiny until recent years. Although no thorough scientific investigation to determine how moose arrived on Isle Royale has been carried out to date, both cultural and genetic evidence indicates they were likely
1985:
in 1½ hours, including some sightseeing points along the way out and back. Because of the relatively short boat ride, day visitors are able to get four hours on the island, and get back to the mainland earlier in the afternoon. This gives visitors on a tight schedule time to visit the
1854:
on the south side of the northeast end (docking site for the ferries from
Michigan), with a campstore, showers, restaurant, lodge, campsites, and a boat dock. Non-camping sleeping accommodations at the park are limited to the lodge at Rock Harbor and the camper cabins at Ozaagaateng.
436:, is over 45 mi (72 km) in length and 9 mi (14 km) wide at its widest point. The park is made up of Isle Royale itself and approximately 400 smaller islands, along with any submerged lands within 4.5 mi (7.2 km) of the surrounding islands (
3490:
That's when the brainstorming started. Green sat down with the captain, the ship's engineer and a professor at Michigan Technological University who had worked on water purification systems for the International Space Station to try to figure out how to make the
1297:
normally settled year-round on Isle Royale. For about three thousand years, Native Americans used the land for copper and fish. These Native Americans usually limited their visits to the island in the summer. Americans in the nineteenth century did likewise.
1613:
were also predators on the island. Coyotes appeared around 1905 and disappeared shortly after wolves arrived in the 1950s. Four wolves were brought from Minnesota in 2018 after some debate as to whether or not the introduction was an unnatural intervention.
1320:, similar to neighboring Ontario and Minnesota. Upland areas along some of the ridges are effectively "balds" with exposed bedrock and a few scrubby trees, blueberry bushes, and hardy grasses. Occasional marshes exist, which are typically the by-product of
1928:
Isle Royale is the only American national park to entirely close in the winter months, from November 1 through April 15, due to extreme weather conditions and for the safety and protection of visitors. Isle Royale is the least-visited national park in the
1933:, due to the winter closing and the distance across Lake Superior to reach the park. The average annual visitation was about 19,000 in the period from 2009 to 2018, with 25,798 visiting in 2018. Only three of the most remote Alaskan national parks—
5486:
1553:
is an elusive species which avoids human interaction. Few documented cases of direct wolf/human contact existed for most of the island's history. In the 2024 season dozens of wolf sightings were reported around the Rock Harbor area.
2044:
1135:, Drier and Du Temple estimated that over 750,000 tons of copper had been mined from the region. However, David Johnson and Susan Martin contend that their estimate was based on exaggerated and inaccurate assumptions. The
1534:
roughly just one third of the mainland mammal species, because it is so remote. In addition, the environment is unique in that it is the only known place where wolves and moose coexist without the presence of bears.
3477:
3328:
2652:
1976:
serves park visitors out of Copper Harbor, on the northern Upper Peninsula coast of Michigan. It arrives at Rock Harbor in the park in 3 to 3½ hours and spends 3½ hours before returning to Copper Harbor.
5534:
3680:
5675:
1273:
In January 2019, the entire island chain was added to the National Register of Historic Places by the federal government. On the Register it is called 'the Minong Traditional Cultural Property.'
3415:
5456:
1289:
husband Charles Mott were left on Isle Royale, as hires for Cyrus Mendenhall and the Lake Superior Copper Company. They were hired and carried to Isle Royale by Mendenhall's schooner, the
1089:
The island was a common hunting ground for native people from nearby Minnesota and Ontario. A canoe voyage of thirteen miles is necessary to reach the island's west end from the mainland.
3054:
3950:
3171:
6852:
3598:
2367:
3270:
2682:
1744:
Recent analyses by the USGS of both unmineralized basalt and copper-mineralized rock show that a small amount of naturally occurring mercury is associated with mineralization.
6497:
5446:
481:
is the largest lake on the island. It has cold, clear water which is relatively low in nutrients. Siskiwit Lake contains several islands, including Ryan Island, the largest.
3305:
3207:
2381:
Pompeani, David P; et al. (February 2015). "Copper mining on Isle Royale 6500–5400 years ago identified using sediment geochemistry from McCargoe Cove, Lake Superior".
3467:
1159:
relinquished their claims to the island in 1843, starting with many of the original native pits. This activity had ended by 1855, when no economic deposits were found. The
1967:
The Grand Portage ferries reach the island in 1½ hours, and stay 4 hours at the island, allowing time for hiking, a guided hike or program by the park staff, and picnics.
6423:
5990:
5668:
5574:
6832:
1687:
The island is composed largely of ridges, running roughly southwest-to-northeast. The main ridge, Greenstone Ridge, is over 1,000 ft (300 m) in many places.
1660:
relocated to Isle Royale from various locations in Minnesota, Michigan, and Ontario. As of April 14, 2020, there were an estimated 14 wolves remaining on the island.
3335:
388:. The park covers 894 sq mi (2,320 km), with 209 sq mi (540 km) of land and 685 sq mi (1,770 km) of surrounding waters.
2644:
1324:
activities. There are also several lakes, often with wooded or marshy shores. The climate, especially in lowland areas, is heavily influenced by the cold waters of
392:
6143:
5790:
3621:
1942:
1549:. Some foxes are accustomed to human contact and can be seen prowling the campgrounds at dawn, looking for stray scraps left by unwary campers. For its part, the
1495:). There are over 600 species of flowering plants found in Isle Royale National Park such as wild sarsaparilla, marsh-marigold, wood lily and prickly wild rose.
1213:
during the late 19th century. Once the island became a national park in 1940, logging and other exploitive activities ended, and the forest began to regenerate.
5589:
5476:
1833:
In total there are 165 mi (266 km) of hiking trails. There are also canoe/kayak routes, many involving portages, along coastal bays and inland lakes.
158:
6847:
5661:
5334:
5271:
2345:
2024:
412:
363:
100:
6598:
6461:
6192:
5825:
5684:
4394:
3812:
2932:
320:
72:
6318:
6052:
5915:
5725:
3925:
3827:
2034:
6588:
5496:
4409:
3885:
3832:
3591:
2029:
1508:
6465:
4750:
4743:
3968:
3617:
3393:
2124:
338:
Isle Royale is 45 mi (72 km) long and 9 mi (14 km) wide, with an area of 206.73 sq mi (535.4 km), making it the
6490:
4299:
4104:
3920:
3629:
3571:
2276:
522:
370:
262:
5204:
3416:"Isle Royale to change Windigo Ranger Station name after receiving request from the Grand Portage Ojibwe this past year | Boreal Community Media"
6164:
5805:
5327:
4736:
4641:
4636:
4611:
4049:
3857:
3817:
3693:
3663:
2878:
6857:
6283:
5890:
5611:
4485:
3973:
3963:
3910:
3046:
2712:
2272:
1934:
1372:
2907:
2765:
1631:
introduced by humans to create a private hunting preserve in the early 1900s. The cultural evidence that moose were trapped in northwestern
5266:
4784:
4729:
4716:
4687:
3837:
3584:
3161:
3021:
1918:
385:
381:
253:
3789:
1593:
Historically neither moose nor wolves inhabited Isle Royale. Just prior to becoming a national park the large mammals on Isle Royale were
6842:
6199:
5830:
5626:
5524:
4651:
4621:
4606:
4184:
3847:
2829:
1921:
in Minnesota. Private boats travel to the island from the coasts of Michigan, Minnesota, and Ontario. Isle Royale is quite popular with
1251:
on Menagerie Island. The western tip of the island is home to several shipwrecks that are very popular with scuba divers, including the
4932:
4124:
1605:, Canada, the most recent being an individual sighting in 1980. Although lynx are no longer present on the island, their primary prey,
6827:
6761:
6483:
6220:
5845:
5253:
4631:
4224:
3958:
1113:
3259:
2674:
6736:
6631:
6255:
6206:
6122:
5870:
5835:
5775:
5616:
5544:
5501:
4515:
4480:
4475:
4314:
4154:
3688:
3651:
2804:
2627:
2522:
2154:
2039:
1263:
3295:
3197:
2992:
6388:
6353:
5965:
5940:
5594:
4677:
4510:
4364:
4099:
4089:
4059:
3237:
1368:
1310:
510:
2962:
2596:
425:. In 1897, the county was dissolved, and the island was reincorporated into Keweenaw County. The highest point on the island is
396:
6583:
5700:
4490:
4369:
4354:
4094:
3776:
1986:
1504:
377:
3444:
6475:
6339:
6080:
5930:
5745:
5491:
5481:
4646:
4550:
4540:
4530:
4520:
4500:
3842:
3766:
3746:
3512:
3095:
2224:
529:
is 4b at 1178 ft (359 m) elevation with an average annual extreme minimum temperature of -24.2 °F (-31.2 °C).
41:
2742:
2569:
6716:
6290:
6108:
6087:
5895:
5765:
5750:
4626:
4593:
4435:
4324:
4254:
1160:
3135:
1191:
6395:
6360:
6325:
6157:
5970:
5945:
5920:
5800:
5451:
5441:
4616:
4535:
4505:
4414:
4344:
4219:
4004:
3996:
3880:
3875:
1341:
2705:"U.S. Potential Natural Vegetation, Original Kuchler Types, v2.0 (Spatially Adjusted to Correct Geometric Distortions)"
1863:
The park has 36 designated wilderness campgrounds. Some campgrounds in the interior are accessible only by trail or by
1190:
unaware that neither they nor Isle Royale were in British territory. With the clarification to the Ojibwas of the 1842
6731:
6593:
6311:
6234:
5910:
5855:
5322:
4583:
4568:
4563:
4470:
4465:
4450:
4399:
4234:
4084:
3716:
3607:
478:
2310:
1925:
in private boats, and day-trip ferry service is provided from Copper Harbor and Grand Portage to and from the park.
6578:
6297:
6276:
6269:
6262:
6213:
6171:
6150:
6129:
6115:
6073:
6059:
5900:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5840:
5810:
5795:
5780:
5770:
5740:
5730:
5317:
4573:
4495:
4440:
4374:
4304:
4199:
4174:
3935:
3472:
1938:
1640:, a group of well-to-do businessmen, owned various buildings on Isle Royale in addition to railroads that ran from
1259:
5231:
2333:
6822:
6507:
6430:
6409:
6248:
6241:
6227:
6185:
6178:
6101:
6066:
5995:
5980:
5865:
5850:
5820:
5815:
5760:
5735:
5308:
5283:
4983:
4601:
4339:
4129:
4064:
3865:
3703:
3668:
2436:
1896:
1194:
that was signed before the Treaty of La Pointe, the Ojibwas re-affirmed the 1842 Treaty of La Pointe in the 1844
1105:
514:
418:
131:
1905:
Floatplane taking off from Ozaagaateng on Washington Harbor—Beaver Island can be seen in the background at right
1513:
1182:
peoples considered the island to be their territory. The Ojibwas ceded the island to the U.S. in the 1842
6381:
6304:
6136:
5960:
5905:
5785:
5405:
4777:
4692:
4455:
4445:
4359:
4319:
4294:
4264:
3804:
3784:
3726:
3656:
3356:
2940:
2853:
2194:
1930:
351:
342:
in the world. In addition, it is the largest natural island in Lake Superior, the second-largest island in the
5559:
2250:
1872:
space for groups of up to 10 are available, and are used for overflow if all the individual sites are filled.
1817:, and observing nature. Wheeled vehicles are not permitted on Isle Royale; however, wheelchairs are allowed.
1120:
testing of wood remains found in sockets of copper artifacts indicates that they are at least 6500 years old.
6792:
6616:
6608:
6540:
6416:
6402:
6346:
5985:
5975:
5935:
5584:
5529:
5226:
4942:
4667:
4389:
4384:
4169:
3761:
1914:
1637:
1598:
1579:
533:
369:
Isle Royale National Park was established on April 3, 1940, then additionally protected from development by
1953:
6837:
6751:
6706:
6681:
6621:
6437:
6094:
6045:
6038:
6031:
6000:
5755:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5564:
5466:
5209:
5155:
4962:
4349:
4309:
4274:
4159:
4119:
4109:
4074:
3987:
3794:
1827:
1703:
1649:
1167:
3385:
2120:
1683:
Cross-section of the Lake Superior basin showing the tilted strata of volcanic rock that form Isle Royale
6626:
6529:
6374:
6367:
6332:
5955:
5950:
5925:
5604:
5415:
5360:
5125:
5092:
4578:
4558:
4460:
4404:
4279:
4144:
4114:
4069:
3870:
3741:
3721:
3711:
3556:
3126:
1851:
1546:
1464:
1195:
1171:
217:
2063:
1844:
Ozaagaateng (formerly Windigo), at the southwest end of the island (docking site for the ferries from
1224:
fisheries, as well as a few resorts. The fishing industry has declined considerably, but continues at
6799:
6691:
6671:
6661:
6024:
6017:
5705:
5695:
5425:
5400:
5160:
4379:
4194:
4079:
4054:
4044:
3905:
2390:
1971:
1798:
1571:
1236:
1717:, some 100 individual flows over an accumulated thickness of at least 10,000 feet. The conglomerate
6646:
5471:
5461:
5420:
5241:
5221:
5197:
4770:
4329:
4289:
4284:
4269:
4244:
4239:
4229:
4189:
4179:
4024:
3736:
3166:
2870:
1734:
1550:
1183:
2704:
2280:
1909:
The park is accessible by ferries, floatplanes, and passenger ships during the summer months—from
6746:
6741:
6686:
6444:
6005:
5599:
5410:
5339:
5192:
4978:
4957:
4947:
4334:
4249:
4204:
4149:
4039:
4034:
4009:
3915:
3300:
3202:
2900:
2773:
2645:"Prehistoric copper mines and long human history earns Isle Royale national historic designation"
2406:
1910:
1771:
1244:
1187:
1109:
452:
3014:
2708:
1668:
1617:
1231:
Because numerous small islands surround Isle Royale, ships were once guided through the area by
2458:
Martin, Susan R. (1995). "The State of Our Knowledge About Ancient Copper Mining in Michigan".
6779:
6756:
6726:
6721:
6701:
6676:
6656:
5579:
5519:
5288:
4993:
4259:
4209:
4019:
3930:
3525:
3517:
2800:
2623:
2518:
2495:
2361:
1767:
1730:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1202:
1136:
951:
347:
2821:
2539:
6711:
6636:
6548:
5549:
5026:
4899:
4869:
4419:
4214:
4139:
4134:
4014:
3940:
2487:
2398:
2337:
1759:
1722:
1426:
17:
2176:
6666:
5261:
5187:
5067:
5041:
5010:
4998:
4925:
4164:
4029:
3895:
2857:
1726:
1688:
1542:
1488:
45:
2146:
2770:
A Predictive Model of Precontact Archaeological Site Location for the State of Minnesota
2394:
458:
Topsoil tends to be thin, which favors trees that have horizontal root patterns such as
6570:
5554:
5385:
5375:
5365:
5303:
5102:
4988:
4937:
4864:
4859:
4849:
3890:
3551:
2984:
2080:
1751:
1692:
1575:
1225:
1198:, with the Grand Portage Band signing the agreement as an addendum to the 1842 treaty.
1163:
and Island Mine were the result of renewed but short-lived activity from 1873 to 1881.
526:
300:
55:
5653:
3229:
6816:
6696:
5355:
5293:
5236:
5182:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5145:
5097:
4828:
4818:
4682:
3822:
3638:
3353:"Frequently Asked Questions - Isle Royale National Park (U.S. National Park Service)"
2954:
2592:
1747:
1627:
1606:
1526:
1440:
1337:
1325:
1210:
877:
433:
400:
328:
3561:
2410:
1652:
and so had the means to transport moose from northwestern Minnesota to Two Harbors.
1558:
have been periodically sighted around docks. Other mammals that can be seen include
1112:. The island has hundreds of pits and trenches up to 65 feet (20 m) deep from these
5644:
5569:
5395:
5380:
5370:
5298:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5062:
5003:
4920:
4904:
4844:
4823:
3756:
3751:
3731:
3440:
1884:
1714:
1673:
1522:
1406:
1402:
1174:
disputed by the United States) but the British remained in control until after the
1097:
532:
There is no weather station in the park, but the PRISM Climate Group, a project of
467:
463:
437:
429:
at 1,394 ft (425 m), or about 800 ft (240 m) above lake level.
399:. With 25,894 visits in 2021, it is the seventh least-visited National Park in the
359:
3329:"Wolves and the Isle Royale Environment: Restoring and Island Ecosystem 2018–2020"
3091:
2216:
1679:
1964:
Scheduled ferry service operates from Grand Portage, Copper Harbor and Houghton.
6522:
5621:
5390:
5107:
5046:
4952:
4854:
4793:
3900:
2734:
2565:
1922:
1876:
1848:), with a campstore, showers, campsites, rustic camper cabins, and a boat dock.
1707:
1594:
1480:
1456:
1175:
1152:
1101:
537:
448:
426:
355:
343:
339:
327:, along with more than 400 small adjacent islands and the surrounding waters of
324:
142:
6450:
4762:
1386:
to the south, with characteristics of each. It has areas of both broadleaf and
6771:
5539:
5150:
5031:
4894:
4813:
4672:
3576:
3118:
2098:
1994:
1901:
1763:
1711:
1587:
1418:
1232:
1217:
459:
3529:
3521:
3081:
by Conor Mihell Sierra Club magazine November/December 2018 issue Pages 30-35
2402:
1729:
accentuated the ridge and valley topography from pre-glacial stream erosion.
447:
province of Ontario and adjacently, the state of Minnesota (near the city of
173:
160:
5487:
Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement
5214:
5072:
5036:
4808:
4525:
1880:
1845:
1699:
1632:
1530:
1472:
1436:
1394:
1387:
1383:
1286:
1221:
1206:
1156:
1117:
999:
2822:"Flowering Plants - Isle Royale National Park (U.S. National Park Service)"
1698:
The two main rock assemblages found on the island include the Portage Lake
3047:"Isle Royale wolf project wraps up for the year, four relocated to island"
2045:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Isle Royale National Park
443:
Isle Royale is within about 15 mi (24 km) from the shore of the
2341:
2302:
1814:
1810:
1782:
1775:
1755:
1641:
1563:
1151:, was the native term for the island, and is the basis for Minong Ridge.
332:
6558:
3510:
Eliot, John L. (April 1985). "A North Woods Park Primeval—Isle Royale".
2766:"Chapter 3: Minnesota's Environment and Native American Culture History"
1123:
275:
3468:"Park chief put foot down on invasive species. Can others follow suit?"
1806:
1802:
1738:
1718:
1602:
1538:
1448:
1390:
forest cover, and bodies of water ranging from conifer bogs to swamps.
1357:
146:
2428:
1305:
3567:
3545:
1794:
1645:
1610:
1345:
1321:
1282:
1179:
1093:
444:
374:
2190:
3352:
3198:"Isle Royale likely down to 1 wolf — here's why it's a big problem"
2850:
2484:
The Geologic Story of Isle Royale National Park, USGS Bulletin 1309
2246:
2491:
1952:
1900:
1868:
1864:
1779:
1678:
1616:
1583:
1555:
1512:
1379:
1375:
1317:
1304:
1122:
547:
Climate data for Isle Royale National Park. Elev: 1184 ft (361 m)
451:), and is 56 mi (90 km) from the Michigan shore, on the
3296:"Isle Royale may add 20-30 wolves to keep pack from disappearing"
2620:
Shipwrecks of Isle Royale National Park: The archeological survey
2499:
2334:"Miners Left a Pollution Trail in the Great Lakes 6000 Years Ago"
1733:
indicate a generally westward movement of the glaciers as do the
1268:
Shipwrecks of Isle Royale National Park; The Archeological Survey
1559:
6479:
5657:
4766:
3580:
3369:"Is there off-road biking on the Isle?" Retrieved May 10, 2014.
3119:"Island Complications: Should We Retain Wolves on Isle Royale?"
2799:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 16–31.
1567:
1367:
The predominant floral habitats of Isle Royale are within the
1349:
2764:
Gibbon, Guy E.; Johnson, Craig M.; Hobbes, Elizabeth (2000).
2486:. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 2–3.
6557:
1316:
A number of habitats exist on the island, the primary being
1139:
Dablon published an account in 1669-70 of "an island called
227:
5457:
Great Lakes Basin Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Program
2871:"A chronology of some events in the history of Isle Royale"
1529:
populations, which are studied by scientists investigating
540:
data for the island based on the climates of nearby areas.
391:
The park's northern boundary lies adjacent to the Canadian
1721:
on the southwestern portion of the island and consists of
3379:
3377:
3375:
2517:(6th ed.). Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co. p. 308.
2429:"North America's First Metal Miners & Metal Artisans"
2772:. Minnesota Department of Transportation. Archived from
2540:"Explore Untouched Beauty of Isle Royale National Park"
1166:
Isle Royale was given to the United States by the 1783
3386:"Explore the Wild Trails on Isle Royale National Park"
1725:
derived from volcanic rocks in present-day Minnesota.
1133:
Prehistoric Copper Mining in the Lake Superior Region
513:
system, Isle Royale National Park has a mild summer
6770:
6645:
6607:
6569:
6539:
5512:
5447:
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers
5434:
5348:
5252:
5138:
5118:
5055:
5019:
4971:
4913:
4887:
4878:
4837:
4801:
4660:
4592:
4549:
4428:
3995:
3986:
3949:
3856:
3803:
3775:
3702:
3679:
3637:
3628:
2741:. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2007.
1566:(occasionally) at beaver ponds. Several species of
1344:Types, Isle Royale National Park has a Great Lakes
306:
293:
285:
223:
213:
205:
197:
189:
152:
138:
127:
34:
1695:, also known as greenstone, near and in the lake.
1636:Ontario. Further evidence has also shown that the
2366:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
2217:"Isle Royale National Park: Nature & Science"
107:
79:
6562:Map of Michigan highlighting Keweenaw County.svg
2568:. Isle Royale Families and Friends Association.
3516:. Vol. 167, no. 4. pp. 534–550.
2675:"An interesting pioneer of the copper district"
2069:. Land Resource Division, National Park Service
1570:also exist on the island. Reptiles include the
393:Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area
3074:
3072:
2622:. Duluth, MN: Lake Superior Port Cities, Inc.
2303:"PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University"
1793:Recreational activity on Isle Royale includes
6491:
5669:
5477:Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
4778:
3592:
3568:Forest Resources of Isle Royale National Park
3564:at UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves
2959:Isle Royale National Park, Nature and Science
2939:. U. S. National Park Service. Archived from
2937:Isle Royale National Park, Nature and Science
8:
6853:Protected areas of Keweenaw County, Michigan
3191:
3189:
2025:List of islands in Isle Royale National Park
413:List of islands in Isle Royale National Park
6462:List of national parks of the United States
3015:"Mammals on Isle Royale-Historical Context"
2422:
2420:
2123:. National Park Service. February 1, 2019.
1609:, remain. Before the appearance of wolves,
1521:Isle Royale National Park is known for its
1356:) potential vegetation type and a Northern
6498:
6484:
6476:
5676:
5662:
5654:
4884:
4785:
4771:
4763:
3992:
3828:Kirtlands Warbler Wildlife Management Area
3634:
3599:
3585:
3577:
3550:
2035:List of birds of Isle Royale National Park
1875:The only amenities at the campgrounds are
1100:and settlements, some dating back to 3000
543:
274:
31:
27:National park on Isle Royale, Michigan, US
3392:. Boy Scouts of America. pp. 66–69.
2030:List of fish of Isle Royale National Park
1509:List of fish of Isle Royale National Park
254:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
4751:Michigan Department of Natural Resources
3969:Saint Helena Island National Scenic Area
2797:The Boundary Waters Wilderness Ecosystem
2477:
2475:
2473:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2064:"Listing of acreage – December 31, 2011"
1667:
1216:The island was once the site of several
417:In 1875, Isle Royale was split off from
364:33rd-largest island in the United States
6833:Biosphere reserves of the United States
3572:United States Department of Agriculture
3334:. National Park Service. Archived from
2881:from the original on September 30, 2011
2277:United States Department of Agriculture
2121:"Weekly list 20190201 (aggregate list)"
2055:
1116:, with most in the McCargoe Cove area.
523:United States Department of Agriculture
3447:from the original on February 11, 2017
3396:from the original on November 16, 2019
3384:Rice, Larry (September–October 2010).
3162:"Warming Alters Predator-Prey Balance"
2832:from the original on November 11, 2021
2359:
2273:"USDA Interactive Plant Hardiness Map"
1989:or other attractions in the same day.
237:
3974:Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary
3964:Grand Island National Recreation Area
3480:from the original on October 21, 2016
3308:from the original on January 16, 2017
3276:from the original on October 29, 2020
3210:from the original on December 4, 2017
3174:from the original on October 21, 2017
3098:from the original on October 22, 2017
2913:from the original on November 8, 2012
2572:from the original on January 11, 2008
2127:from the original on February 2, 2019
2099:"NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report"
2081:National Park Service Acreage Reports
2015:then get picked up at the other end.
1785:are also plentiful island gemstones.
1373:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
87:Location in Lake Superior in Michigan
7:
4724:
4688:Ralph A. MacMullan Conference Center
3838:Michigan Wetland Management District
3240:from the original on August 14, 2016
2599:from the original on August 25, 2005
2227:from the original on August 16, 2009
1691:are exposed, with rounded stones of
1264:shipwrecks contained within the park
386:Minong Traditional Cultural Property
382:National Register of Historic Places
126:
6848:Protected areas established in 1940
5685:National parks of the United States
5525:Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac
3234:The Wolves and Moose of Isle Royale
3196:Matheny, Keith (December 4, 2017).
3141:from the original on August 2, 2016
3092:"Isle Royale: Nature & Science"
3057:from the original on August 7, 2021
2875:The Wolves and Moose of Isle Royale
2685:from the original on August 7, 2021
2439:from the original on April 19, 2001
2427:Johnson, David (November 9, 2009).
2348:from the original on August 7, 2021
2253:from the original on March 11, 2007
432:Isle Royale, the largest island in
60:Site of the historic Edisen Fishery
6506:Municipalities and communities of
3959:Father Marquette National Memorial
3359:from the original on June 29, 2021
3027:from the original on June 23, 2017
2995:from the original on July 24, 2010
2965:from the original on July 24, 2010
2735:"Laurentian Mixed Forest Province"
2655:from the original on March 9, 2021
2332:Rosen, Julia (December 24, 2014).
2313:from the original on July 25, 2019
2197:from the original on July 13, 2015
1841:The park has two developed areas:
1562:along the various lake shores and
321:national park of the United States
25:
5272:Isle Royale National Park Islands
2745:from the original on May 20, 2014
2715:from the original on July 3, 2019
2538:Lawrence, Olivia (July 2, 2023).
2157:from the original on June 3, 2019
2040:List of shipwrecks of Isle Royale
1741:are found west of Siskiwit Lake.
1710:in age. The volcanics are mainly
1378:transition zone between the true
1262:mapped the 10 most famous of the
6449:
6443:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6415:
6408:
6401:
6394:
6387:
6380:
6373:
6366:
6359:
6352:
6345:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6289:
6282:
6275:
6268:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6240:
6233:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6191:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6149:
6142:
6135:
6128:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6100:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6044:
6037:
6030:
6023:
6016:
5638:
4723:
4711:
4710:
4678:Michigan Islands Wilderness Area
4395:Watkins Lake and County Preserve
3160:Lydersen, Kari (July 21, 2008).
2739:Ecological Classification System
2649:Quetico Superior Wilderness News
1887:) may be picked from the trail.
1369:Laurentian Mixed Forest Province
1311:Laurentian Mixed Forest Province
373:designation in 1976, declared a
106:
99:
78:
71:
54:
3441:"Operating Hours & Seasons"
3327:Romanski, Mark C.; et al.
3267:Wolves and Moose of Isle Royale
2651:. Quetico Superior Foundation.
2564:Barnum, David C. (April 2002).
2344:(inactive September 11, 2024).
1987:Grand Portage National Monument
1505:Wolves and moose on Isle Royale
494:Intermediate Lake (Isle Royale)
378:International Biosphere Reserve
289:189,665 acres (76,755 ha)
196:
193:571,790 acres (2,314.0 km)
137:
5492:International Joint Commission
5482:Great Lakes Fishery Commission
3767:Waterloo State Recreation Area
2991:. U.S. National Park Service.
2961:. U.S. National Park Service.
2643:Seitz, Greg (March 22, 2019).
1517:Moose swimming at Isle Royale.
1285:woman named Angelique and her
1201:In the mid-1840s, a report by
1143:, celebrated for its copper."
1127:An abandoned copper mine shaft
1108:on Isle Royale and the nearby
295:
1:
3727:Haven Hill State Natural Area
3622:State game and wildlife areas
2003:to purify its ballast water.
1364:) potential vegetation form.
511:Köppen climate classification
118:Show map of the United States
115:Location in the United States
6858:Wilderness areas of Michigan
5726:Black Canyon of the Gunnison
5452:Great Lakes Areas of Concern
5442:Alliance for the Great Lakes
4105:Fred Meijer White Pine Trail
1342:Potential natural vegetation
1072:Source: PRISM Climate Group
350:), the third-largest in the
235:United States historic place
18:Isle Royale County, Michigan
5318:Province of Ontario Islands
3742:Roscommon Virgin Pine Stand
3717:Dukes Research Natural Area
3608:Protected areas of Michigan
2191:"Isle Royale National Park"
2177:"Statistical Abstract 2021"
1774:within the volcanic rocks.
1531:predator-prey relationships
736:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
666:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
6874:
6843:National parks in Michigan
3926:Sturgeon (Houghton County)
3473:Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel
2795:Heinselman, Miron (1996).
2460:The Michigan Archaeologist
1894:
1502:
1309:Tobin Harbor Trail in the
1260:Submerged Resources Center
1155:began in earnest when the
1071:
546:
410:
380:in 1980, and added to the
340:fourth-largest lake island
6828:Isle Royale National Park
6788:
6555:
6520:
6509:Keweenaw County, Michigan
6459:
6012:
5691:
5635:
5590:Museum and historic ships
5323:State of Michigan Islands
4705:
3614:
3260:"Annual Report 2016-2017"
3094:. National Park Service.
3020:. National park Service.
2989:Isle Royale National Park
2906:. National Park Service.
2515:Geology of National Parks
2307:www.prism.oregonstate.edu
2249:. National Park Service.
2193:. National Park Service.
1945:—receive fewer visitors.
1897:Isle Royale Ferry Service
1626:swimming 20 miles across
1590:also live on the island.
1537:Other common mammals are
1205:, Michigan's first state
1168:treaty with Great Britain
997:
949:
875:
805:
735:
665:
595:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
515:Humid continental climate
317:Isle Royale National Park
294:NRHP reference
273:
269:
260:
251:
244:
240:
228:Isle Royale National Park
209:28,965 (in 2023)
132:Keweenaw County, Michigan
65:
53:
39:
35:Isle Royale National Park
5406:Midcontinent Rift System
4693:Wagner Falls Scenic Site
4185:Laughing Whitefish Falls
2618:Lenihan, Daniel (1994).
2544:www.nationalparkblog.com
2403:10.1177/0959683614557574
2179:. National Park Service.
1931:contiguous United States
1192:Webster–Ashburton Treaty
421:, as a separate county,
352:contiguous United States
5227:Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal
4668:Agate Falls Scenic Site
3921:Sturgeon (Delta County)
3762:Warren Woods State Park
3127:The George Wright Forum
2860:Retrieved May 10, 2014.
2513:Harris, Ann G. (2004).
2482:Huber, N. King (1975).
2101:. National Park Service
1826:trail in the park, the
1599:boreal woodland caribou
1580:northern redbelly snake
534:Oregon State University
6563:
5575:Marine protected areas
5565:Lake Michigan Triangle
5467:Great Lakes Commission
5210:Sault Ste. Marie Canal
4673:Bond Falls Scenic Site
3858:Wild and Scenic Rivers
3117:Cochrane, Tim (2013).
2901:"Isle Royale: Mammals"
2856:June 29, 2021, at the
2851:National Park Service.
2593:"SS America Shipwreck"
2433:The Old Copper Complex
2147:"Islands of The World"
1961:
1906:
1828:Greenstone Ridge Trail
1702:and the Copper Harbor
1684:
1676:
1638:Washington Harbor Club
1622:
1518:
1313:
1249:Isle Royale Lighthouse
1170:(formerly part of the
1128:
263:U.S. Historic district
6561:
5831:Great Smoky Mountains
5416:Nipissing Great Lakes
5361:Glacial Lake Iroquois
5267:Detroit River Islands
5232:Trent–Severn Waterway
3951:Other Protected Areas
3722:Grand Mere State Park
3712:Au Sable State Forest
3557:National Park Service
3304:. December 16, 2016.
3079:A Reasonable Illusion
2943:on February 21, 2007.
2221:National Park Service
1956:
1904:
1754:, the official state
1682:
1671:
1620:
1586:and three species of
1516:
1465:American mountain ash
1308:
1196:Isle Royale Agreement
1126:
411:Further information:
218:National Park Service
6801:United States portal
5426:Wisconsin glaciation
5401:Last Glacial Maximum
5161:Great Lakes Waterway
4594:Underwater Preserves
4095:Fort Michilimackinac
3618:Important Bird Areas
3053:. October 13, 2018.
2342:10.1029/2014EO021147
1958:Isle Royale Queen IV
1737:west of Lake Desor.
1735:recessional moraines
1572:eastern garter snake
1431:Juniperus virginiana
1092:Large quantities of
596:Record high °F (°C)
521:). According to the
397:international border
90:Show map of Michigan
6717:Nepco Camp Number 7
5836:Guadalupe Mountains
5791:Gates of the Arctic
5560:Lake Michigan–Huron
5472:Great Lakes Compact
5462:Great Lakes Charter
5421:Scotch Bonnet Ridge
5222:Straits of Mackinac
5198:St. Lawrence Seaway
4642:Straits of Mackinac
4410:William G. Milliken
4300:Sanilac Petroglyphs
4290:Porcupine Mountains
4125:Hart–Montague Trail
3737:Porcupine Mountains
3694:Sleeping Bear Dunes
3513:National Geographic
3167:The Washington Post
2395:2015Holoc..25..253P
1943:Gates of the Arctic
1445:Populus tremuloides
1184:Treaty of La Pointe
1104:, were most likely
1096:artifacts found in
806:Record low °F (°C)
214:Governing body
170: /
6564:
5991:Wrangell–St. Elias
5966:Theodore Roosevelt
5411:Niagara Escarpment
5340:Potawatomi Islands
5328:Lake Huron Islands
5193:St. Lawrence River
4979:Grand Traverse Bay
4958:St. Joseph Channel
4948:Potagannissing Bay
4637:Southwest Michigan
4612:Grand Traverse Bay
4325:South Higgins Lake
4255:North Higgins Lake
4090:Fisherman's Island
4050:Cambridge Junction
3301:Detroit Free Press
3203:Detroit Free Press
3051:Detroit Free Press
2776:on August 18, 2007
2595:. Superior Trips.
1962:
1907:
1760:secondary minerals
1731:Glacial striations
1685:
1677:
1623:
1519:
1314:
1188:Grand Portage Band
1129:
1114:indigenous peoples
1110:Keweenaw Peninsula
453:Keweenaw Peninsula
423:Isle Royale County
6810:
6809:
6732:Rock Harbor Lodge
6473:
6472:
5846:Hawaiʻi Volcanoes
5651:
5650:
5580:Marysburgh vortex
5289:Manitoulin Island
5284:Lake Erie Islands
5134:
5133:
4994:Little Bay de Noc
4760:
4759:
4701:
4700:
4355:Thompson's Harbor
4345:Tahquamenon Falls
4220:Meridian-Baseline
4005:Albert E. Sleeper
3982:
3981:
3236:. Michigan Tech.
2679:mininggazette.com
2247:"Isle Royale FAQ"
1973:Isle Royale Queen
1758:of Michigan, are
1582:. Six species of
1461:Betula papyrifera
1427:eastern redcedars
1393:Conifers include
1382:to the north and
1336:According to the
1203:Douglass Houghton
1137:Jesuit missionary
1076:
1075:
952:relative humidity
509:According to the
485:Chicken Bone Lake
348:Manitoulin Island
314:
313:
233:
232:
139:Nearest city
16:(Redirected from
6865:
6823:IUCN Category Ib
6802:
6795:
6560:
6532:
6525:
6515:
6510:
6500:
6493:
6486:
6477:
6453:
6447:
6440:
6433:
6426:
6419:
6412:
6405:
6398:
6391:
6384:
6377:
6370:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6342:
6335:
6328:
6321:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6293:
6286:
6279:
6272:
6265:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6237:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6160:
6153:
6146:
6139:
6132:
6125:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6048:
6041:
6034:
6027:
6020:
5931:Petrified Forest
5826:Great Sand Dunes
5746:Carlsbad Caverns
5678:
5671:
5664:
5655:
5645:Lakes portal
5643:
5642:
5641:
5550:Lake-effect snow
5349:Historic geology
5027:Hamilton Harbour
4900:Presque Isle Bay
4885:
4796:of North America
4787:
4780:
4773:
4764:
4727:
4726:
4714:
4713:
4429:Recreation Areas
4235:Muskallonge Lake
3993:
3833:Michigan Islands
3805:Wildlife Refuges
3672:
3660:
3635:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3578:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3546:Official website
3533:
3498:
3497:
3487:
3485:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3381:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3341:on May 29, 2021.
3340:
3333:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3264:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3230:"Annual Reports"
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3140:
3123:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3019:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2912:
2905:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2867:
2861:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2479:
2468:
2467:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2283:on June 18, 2021
2279:. Archived from
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2095:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2068:
2060:
1960:at Copper Harbor
1917:in Michigan and
1723:sedimentary rock
1689:Greenstone belts
1469:Sorbus americana
1371:. The area is a
1266:, and published
544:
310:January 24, 2019
297:
278:
238:
185:
184:
182:
181:
180:
175:
171:
168:
167:
166:
163:
119:
110:
109:
103:
91:
82:
81:
75:
58:
32:
21:
6873:
6872:
6868:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6863:
6862:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6806:
6800:
6794:Michigan portal
6793:
6784:
6766:
6648:
6641:
6603:
6571:Civil townships
6565:
6553:
6535:
6530:
6523:
6516:
6513:
6508:
6504:
6474:
6469:
6455:
6454:
6448:
6441:
6434:
6427:
6420:
6413:
6406:
6399:
6392:
6385:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6357:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6329:
6322:
6315:
6308:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6280:
6273:
6266:
6259:
6252:
6245:
6238:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6196:
6189:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6042:
6035:
6028:
6021:
6010:
5916:New River Gorge
5896:Lassen Volcanic
5766:Cuyahoga Valley
5751:Channel Islands
5687:
5682:
5652:
5647:
5639:
5637:
5631:
5508:
5430:
5344:
5309:Treasure Island
5262:Apostle Islands
5248:
5205:St. Marys River
5188:St. Clair River
5130:
5114:
5068:Chequamegon Bay
5051:
5015:
5011:Manitou Passage
4999:Porte des Morts
4967:
4926:Nottawasaga Bay
4909:
4880:
4874:
4838:Secondary lakes
4833:
4797:
4791:
4761:
4756:
4697:
4656:
4652:Whitefish Point
4622:Manitou Passage
4607:De Tour Passage
4588:
4545:
4491:Metamora-Hadley
4486:Menominee River
4424:
4375:Van Buren Trail
4330:Wm. C. Sterling
4305:Saugatuck Dunes
4200:Mackinac Island
4175:Lakelands Trail
4165:Kal-Haven Trail
4145:P.J. Hoffmaster
3978:
3945:
3852:
3799:
3771:
3698:
3675:
3666:
3654:
3624:
3610:
3605:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3509:
3506:
3504:Further reading
3501:
3483:
3481:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3450:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3383:
3382:
3373:
3362:
3360:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3338:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3311:
3309:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3077:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2858:Wayback Machine
2849:
2845:
2835:
2833:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2591:Merryman, Ken.
2590:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2481:
2480:
2471:
2466:(2–3): 119–138.
2457:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2358:
2351:
2349:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2087:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2021:
1951:
1899:
1893:
1861:
1839:
1823:
1791:
1727:Glacial erosion
1666:
1621:Rocky shoreline
1511:
1501:
1489:mountain maples
1399:Pinus banksiana
1334:
1303:
1301:Natural history
1279:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
507:
476:
419:Keweenaw County
415:
409:
384:in 2019 as the
371:wilderness area
281:
265:
256:
247:
236:
178:
176:
174:48.01°N 88.85°W
172:
169:
164:
161:
159:
157:
156:
134:, United States
123:
122:
121:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:
111:
94:
93:
92:
89:
88:
85:
84:
83:
61:
49:
46:wilderness area
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6871:
6869:
6861:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6815:
6814:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6804:
6797:
6789:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6782:
6776:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6653:
6651:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6613:
6611:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6575:
6573:
6567:
6566:
6556:
6554:
6552:
6551:
6545:
6543:
6537:
6536:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6495:
6488:
6480:
6471:
6470:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6442:
6435:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6407:
6400:
6393:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6365:
6358:
6351:
6344:
6337:
6330:
6323:
6316:
6309:
6302:
6295:
6288:
6281:
6274:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6246:
6239:
6232:
6225:
6218:
6211:
6204:
6197:
6190:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6162:
6155:
6148:
6141:
6134:
6127:
6120:
6113:
6106:
6099:
6092:
6085:
6078:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6050:
6043:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6015:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6009:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5971:Virgin Islands
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5946:Rocky Mountain
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5921:North Cascades
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5701:American Samoa
5698:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5673:
5666:
5658:
5649:
5648:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5555:Lake freighter
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5513:Related topics
5510:
5509:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5497:Municipalities
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5386:Lake Frontenac
5383:
5378:
5376:Lake Algonquin
5373:
5368:
5366:Lake Admiralty
5363:
5358:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5320:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5304:Lake Mindemoya
5301:
5296:
5286:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5269:
5264:
5258:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5103:Batchawana Bay
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4989:Big Bay de Noc
4981:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4938:Munuscong Lake
4935:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4891:
4889:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4782:
4775:
4767:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4720:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4632:Sanilac Shores
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4598:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4584:Pere Marquette
4581:
4576:
4571:
4569:Escanaba River
4566:
4564:Copper Country
4561:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4541:Yankee Springs
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4340:Sturgeon Point
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4130:Hartwick Pines
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4065:Coldwater Lake
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3906:Pere Marquette
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3790:Huron–Manistee
3787:
3781:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3747:Strangmoor Bog
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3689:Pictured Rocks
3685:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3661:
3649:
3643:
3641:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3565:
3559:
3539:
3538:External links
3536:
3535:
3534:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3458:
3432:
3420:www.boreal.org
3407:
3371:
3344:
3319:
3287:
3251:
3221:
3185:
3152:
3134:(3): 313–325.
3109:
3083:
3068:
3038:
3006:
2976:
2946:
2924:
2892:
2862:
2843:
2813:
2805:
2787:
2756:
2726:
2696:
2666:
2635:
2628:
2610:
2583:
2556:
2530:
2523:
2505:
2469:
2450:
2416:
2373:
2324:
2294:
2264:
2238:
2208:
2182:
2168:
2138:
2112:
2085:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2017:
1950:
1947:
1892:
1889:
1885:thimbleberries
1860:
1857:
1838:
1835:
1822:
1819:
1790:
1787:
1752:chlorastrolite
1693:chlorastrolite
1665:
1662:
1607:snowshoe hares
1576:painted turtle
1500:
1497:
1485:Acer saccharum
1441:quaking aspens
1439:trees include
1423:Abies balsamea
1333:
1330:
1302:
1299:
1278:
1277:Angelique Mott
1275:
1237:Passage Island
1226:Edisen Fishery
1172:Indian Reserve
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
995:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
947:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
803:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
733:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
663:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
593:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
549:
548:
542:
527:Hardiness zone
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
495:
492:
491:Feldtmann Lake
489:
486:
475:
474:Interior lakes
472:
408:
405:
323:consisting of
312:
311:
308:
304:
303:
298:
291:
290:
287:
283:
282:
279:
271:
270:
267:
266:
261:
258:
257:
252:
249:
248:
245:
242:
241:
234:
231:
230:
225:
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
207:
203:
202:
199:
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
154:
150:
149:
140:
136:
135:
129:
125:
124:
114:
105:
104:
98:
97:
96:
95:
86:
77:
76:
70:
69:
68:
67:
66:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
40:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6870:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6838:Lake Superior
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6803:
6798:
6796:
6791:
6790:
6787:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6773:
6769:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6650:
6644:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6617:Copper Harbor
6615:
6614:
6612:
6610:
6606:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6568:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6533:
6526:
6519:
6514:United States
6511:
6501:
6496:
6494:
6489:
6487:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6467:
6463:
6458:
6452:
6446:
6439:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6376:
6369:
6362:
6355:
6348:
6341:
6334:
6327:
6320:
6313:
6306:
6299:
6292:
6285:
6278:
6271:
6264:
6257:
6250:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6187:
6180:
6173:
6166:
6159:
6152:
6145:
6138:
6131:
6124:
6117:
6110:
6103:
6096:
6089:
6082:
6075:
6068:
6061:
6054:
6047:
6040:
6033:
6026:
6019:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5911:Mount Rainier
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5856:Indiana Dunes
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5679:
5674:
5672:
5667:
5665:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5646:
5634:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5435:Organizations
5433:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5356:Champlain Sea
5354:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5294:Lake Kagawong
5292:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5251:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5237:Welland Canal
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5206:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5183:Nipigon River
5181:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5171:Niagara River
5169:
5167:
5166:Chicago River
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5146:Detroit River
5144:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5098:Whitefish Bay
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5009:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4943:North Channel
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4795:
4788:
4783:
4781:
4776:
4774:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4753:
4752:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4683:Ocqueoc Falls
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4574:Lake Superior
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:Bald Mountain
4434:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4360:Traverse City
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4320:Sleepy Hollow
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4295:Port Crescent
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4265:Orchard Beach
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4215:Charles Mears
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:Harbor Island
3816:
3814:
3813:Detroit River
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3670:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3597:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3495:safe to sail.
3494:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3462:
3459:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3320:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3156:
3153:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3120:
3113:
3110:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3023:
3016:
3010:
3007:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2933:"Mammal List"
2928:
2925:
2909:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2806:0-8166-2804-1
2802:
2798:
2791:
2788:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2757:
2749:September 21,
2744:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2636:
2631:
2629:0-942235-18-5
2625:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2584:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2557:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2531:
2526:
2524:0-7872-9970-7
2520:
2516:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2492:10.3133/b1309
2489:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2451:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2325:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:Grand Portage
1916:
1915:Copper Harbor
1912:
1903:
1898:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1748:Native copper
1745:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1715:flood basalts
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1681:
1675:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1628:Lake Superior
1619:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1547:red squirrels
1544:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1493:Acer spicatum
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:paper birches
1454:
1453:Quercus rubra
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:Picea mariana
1408:
1407:white spruces
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:boreal forest
1377:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1338:A. W. Kuchler
1331:
1329:
1327:
1326:Lake Superior
1323:
1319:
1318:boreal forest
1312:
1307:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:indian mounds
1095:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1070:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1001:
996:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
948:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
879:
878:precipitation
874:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
804:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
734:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
664:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
594:
550:
545:
541:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
504:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
483:
482:
480:
479:Siskiwit Lake
473:
471:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
434:Lake Superior
430:
428:
424:
420:
414:
406:
404:
402:
401:United States
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
329:Lake Superior
326:
322:
318:
309:
307:Added to NRHP
305:
302:
299:
292:
288:
284:
277:
272:
268:
264:
259:
255:
250:
243:
239:
229:
226:
222:
219:
216:
212:
208:
204:
201:April 3, 1940
200:
192:
188:
183:
179:48.01; -88.85
155:
151:
148:
144:
141:
133:
130:
102:
74:
64:
57:
52:
47:
43:
42:IUCN category
38:
33:
30:
19:
6752:Vaughnsville
6707:Lac La Belle
6682:Copper Falls
6622:Eagle Harbor
6584:Eagle Harbor
6528:
5901:Mammoth Cave
5886:Kobuk Valley
5881:Kings Canyon
5876:Kenai Fjords
5860:
5811:Grand Canyon
5796:Gateway Arch
5781:Dry Tortugas
5771:Death Valley
5741:Capitol Reef
5731:Bryce Canyon
5570:Lake surfing
5396:Lake Stanley
5381:Lake Chicago
5371:Lake Agassiz
5299:Lake Manitou
5276:
5156:French River
5088:Superior Bay
5083:Pokegama Bay
5078:Keweenaw Bay
5063:Au Train Bay
5004:Sturgeon Bay
4921:Georgian Bay
4905:Sandusky Bay
4749:
4744:Grand Rapids
4742:
4735:
4728:
4715:
4506:Pontiac Lake
4390:Warren Woods
4385:Warren Dunes
4230:Wm. Mitchell
4170:Lake Gogebic
4100:Fort Wilkins
3916:Presque Isle
3757:Toumey Woods
3752:Tobico Marsh
3732:Newton Woods
3664:River Raisin
3646:
3511:
3492:
3489:
3482:. Retrieved
3471:
3461:
3451:February 10,
3449:. Retrieved
3435:
3423:. Retrieved
3419:
3410:
3400:November 15,
3398:. Retrieved
3389:
3361:. Retrieved
3347:
3336:the original
3322:
3310:. Retrieved
3299:
3290:
3278:. Retrieved
3266:
3254:
3242:. Retrieved
3233:
3224:
3212:. Retrieved
3201:
3176:. Retrieved
3165:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3131:
3125:
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3086:
3078:
3059:. Retrieved
3050:
3041:
3029:. Retrieved
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2988:
2985:"Amphibians"
2979:
2967:. Retrieved
2958:
2949:
2941:the original
2936:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2895:
2883:. Retrieved
2874:
2865:
2846:
2836:November 11,
2834:. Retrieved
2825:
2816:
2796:
2790:
2778:. Retrieved
2774:the original
2769:
2759:
2747:. Retrieved
2738:
2729:
2717:. Retrieved
2699:
2687:. Retrieved
2678:
2669:
2659:February 25,
2657:. Retrieved
2648:
2638:
2619:
2613:
2601:. Retrieved
2586:
2574:. Retrieved
2559:
2547:. Retrieved
2543:
2533:
2514:
2508:
2483:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2443:November 17,
2441:. Retrieved
2432:
2386:
2383:The Holocene
2382:
2376:
2352:February 25,
2350:. Retrieved
2327:
2315:. Retrieved
2306:
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2281:the original
2267:
2255:. Retrieved
2241:
2229:. Retrieved
2220:
2211:
2199:. Retrieved
2185:
2171:
2161:February 22,
2159:. Retrieved
2150:
2141:
2131:February 22,
2129:. Retrieved
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2071:. Retrieved
2058:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1939:Kobuk Valley
1927:
1923:day-trippers
1908:
1874:
1862:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1792:
1746:
1743:
1704:Conglomerate
1697:
1686:
1674:geologic map
1672:Isle Royale
1658:
1654:
1624:
1592:
1536:
1520:
1492:
1484:
1481:sugar maples
1476:
1468:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1435:
1430:
1422:
1415:Picea glauca
1414:
1410:
1398:
1392:
1366:
1361:
1353:
1335:
1315:
1295:
1290:
1281:In 1845, an
1280:
1272:
1267:
1254:
1245:Rock of Ages
1230:
1215:
1200:
1165:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1091:
1088:
880:inches (mm)
538:interpolated
531:
525:, the Plant
518:
508:
500:Sargent Lake
497:Lake Ritchie
477:
468:black spruce
464:white spruce
457:
442:
431:
422:
416:
390:
368:
360:Padre Island
337:
316:
315:
280:Siskiwit Bay
29:
6772:Ghost towns
6649:communities
6627:Eagle River
6531:Eagle River
6524:County seat
5996:Yellowstone
5981:White Sands
5866:Joshua Tree
5861:Isle Royale
5851:Hot Springs
5821:Great Basin
5816:Grand Teton
5806:Glacier Bay
5761:Crater Lake
5736:Canyonlands
5622:Third Coast
5585:Megalopolis
5545:Lake breeze
5530:Circle Tour
5391:Lake Maumee
5277:Isle Royale
5242:First canal
5108:Goulais Bay
5093:Thunder Bay
5047:Wellers Bay
5042:Toronto Bay
4963:Thunder Bay
4953:Saginaw Bay
4933:Lake George
4870:Couchiching
4794:Great Lakes
4536:W.C. Wetzel
4516:Rifle River
4481:Lime Island
4476:Lake Hudson
4471:Island Lake
4451:Fort Custer
4350:Tawas Point
4315:Silver Lake
4310:Seven Lakes
4275:Otsego Lake
4270:Old Mission
4210:F.J. McLain
4160:Interlochen
4155:Indian Lake
4120:Harrisville
4110:Grand Haven
3931:Tahquamenon
3669:Battlefield
3647:Isle Royale
3562:Isle Royale
3484:October 20,
3466:Egan, Dan.
3425:October 18,
3312:January 14,
3214:December 4,
3178:October 31,
3145:December 4,
3102:December 4,
3031:November 4,
2826:www.nps.gov
2689:October 21,
2576:December 9,
2201:October 13,
2151:World Atlas
2012:Voyageur II
2008:Voyageur II
1881:blueberries
1877:pit toilets
1852:Rock Harbor
1799:backpacking
1764:pore spaces
1708:Precambrian
1650:Two Harbors
1595:Canada lynx
1523:timber wolf
1477:Acer rubrum
1419:balsam firs
1241:Rock Harbor
1233:lighthouses
1186:, with the
1176:War of 1812
1161:Minong Mine
1153:Prospecting
536:, provides
449:Thunder Bay
427:Mount Desor
362:), and the
356:Long Island
344:Great Lakes
325:Isle Royale
198:Established
177: /
153:Coordinates
143:Thunder Bay
6817:Categories
6692:Eagle Nest
6672:Bumbletown
6662:Bete Grise
5961:Shenandoah
5906:Mesa Verde
5891:Lake Clark
5786:Everglades
5612:Shipwrecks
5540:Great Loop
5151:Erie Canal
5126:Anchor Bay
5032:Humber Bay
4895:Maumee Bay
4802:Main lakes
4647:Thumb Area
4511:Proud Lake
4496:Ortonville
4441:Bass River
4405:Wilderness
4400:J.W. Wells
4365:Twin Lakes
4280:Palms Book
4225:Mill Creek
4140:P.H. Hoeft
4135:W.J. Hayes
4115:Grand Mere
4075:Dodge No.4
4070:Craig Lake
4060:Clear Lake
4030:Belle Isle
3941:Yellow Dog
3871:Bear Creek
3848:Shiawassee
3681:Lakeshores
3657:Historical
3616:See also:
3493:Ranger III
3244:August 14,
2999:August 25,
2969:August 25,
2955:"Reptiles"
2917:August 22,
2885:August 22,
2780:August 22,
2709:Data Basin
2566:"About Us"
2389:(2): 253.
2231:August 20,
2051:References
2001:Ranger III
1995:Ranger III
1982:Sea Hunter
1935:Lake Clark
1895:See also:
1789:Recreation
1766:formed by
1588:salamander
1503:See also:
1473:red maples
1395:jack pines
1258:. The NPS
1218:lake trout
1211:deforested
1178:, and the
1085:Prehistory
488:Lake Desor
460:balsam fir
395:along the
6466:elevation
5986:Wind Cave
5976:Voyageurs
5936:Pinnacles
5841:Haleakalā
5605:Laurentia
5535:Crossings
5335:Populated
5215:Soo Locks
5139:Waterways
5119:St. Clair
5073:Huron Bay
5037:Sodus Bay
4984:Green Bay
4865:Winnebago
4860:St. Clair
4850:Nipissing
4627:Marquette
4526:Tippy Dam
4380:Van Riper
4370:Van Buren
4195:Ludington
4080:Duck Lake
4055:Cheboygan
4045:Burt Lake
3936:Whitefish
3896:Ontonagon
3704:Landmarks
3530:643483454
3522:0027-9358
3363:August 7,
3061:August 7,
2500:75-619126
2105:April 11,
1846:Minnesota
1783:amygdules
1772:fractures
1700:Volcanics
1633:Minnesota
1539:red foxes
1437:Deciduous
1384:Big Woods
1291:Algonquin
1222:whitefish
1207:geologist
1157:Chippewas
1118:Carbon-14
1000:dew point
438:16USC408g
407:Geography
301:100003341
6747:Traverse
6742:Snowshoe
6687:Delaware
6594:Houghton
6001:Yosemite
5756:Congaree
5721:Biscayne
5716:Big Bend
5711:Badlands
5627:Treaties
5056:Superior
4972:Michigan
4881:channels
4879:Bays and
4829:Superior
4819:Michigan
4717:Category
4617:Keweenaw
4579:Mackinaw
4559:Au Sable
4531:Waterloo
4521:Rockport
4501:Pinckney
4456:Highland
4446:Brighton
4285:Petoskey
4245:Negwegon
4240:Muskegon
4190:Leelanau
4180:Lakeport
4025:Bay City
3891:Manistee
3866:Au Sable
3785:Hiawatha
3652:Keweenaw
3630:National
3478:Archived
3445:Archived
3394:Archived
3390:Scouting
3357:Archived
3306:Archived
3280:June 24,
3271:Archived
3238:Archived
3208:Archived
3172:Archived
3136:Archived
3096:Archived
3055:Archived
3022:Archived
2993:Archived
2963:Archived
2908:Archived
2879:Archived
2854:Archived
2830:Archived
2743:Archived
2719:July 12,
2713:Archived
2683:Archived
2653:Archived
2603:April 4,
2597:Archived
2570:Archived
2437:Archived
2411:14686891
2362:cite web
2346:Archived
2317:July 12,
2311:Archived
2287:July 12,
2257:April 8,
2251:Archived
2225:Archived
2195:Archived
2155:Archived
2125:Archived
2073:March 7,
2019:See also
1911:Houghton
1837:Services
1815:kayaking
1811:canoeing
1776:Prehnite
1768:vesicles
1762:filling
1739:Drumlins
1719:outcrops
1642:Baudette
1597:and the
1564:muskrats
1449:red oaks
1360:Forest (
1287:voyageur
1062:(−12.1)
1012:(−14.1)
1007:(−16.0)
1002:°F (°C)
998:Average
950:Average
876:Average
445:Canadian
333:Michigan
206:Visitors
128:Location
6780:Clifton
6762:Wyoming
6757:Windigo
6727:Phoenix
6722:Ojibway
6702:Hebards
6677:Central
6657:Allouez
6599:Sherman
6579:Allouez
6541:Village
5956:Sequoia
5951:Saguaro
5941:Redwood
5926:Olympic
5801:Glacier
5254:Islands
5020:Ontario
4845:Nipigon
4824:Ontario
4737:Detroit
4730:Commons
4551:Forests
4335:Straits
4250:Newaygo
4205:Maybury
4150:Holland
4085:Fayette
4040:Brimley
4035:Bewabic
4010:Algonac
3777:Forests
3555:of the
2549:July 1,
2391:Bibcode
2336:. EOS.
1859:Camping
1807:boating
1803:fishing
1712:ophitic
1706:, both
1664:Geology
1611:coyotes
1603:Ontario
1543:beavers
1487:), and
1425:), and
1388:conifer
1358:Conifer
1255:America
1080:History
1067:(−1.8)
1057:(−5.7)
1042:(11.6)
1037:(10.9)
1022:(−5.0)
1017:(−9.6)
505:Climate
354:(after
346:(after
224:Website
165:88°51′W
162:48°01′N
147:Ontario
6737:Seneca
6712:Mandan
6637:Mohawk
6632:Fulton
6549:Ahmeek
5871:Katmai
5776:Denali
5706:Arches
5696:Acadia
5617:Storms
5600:Region
5502:Cities
4855:Simcoe
4722:
4709:
4415:Wilson
4260:Onaway
4020:Baraga
3886:Indian
3795:Ottawa
3528:
3520:
2803:
2626:
2521:
2498:
2409:
2067:(XLSX)
1891:Access
1821:Hiking
1795:hiking
1646:Duluth
1578:, and
1556:Ermine
1545:, and
1346:Spruce
1322:beaver
1283:Ojibwe
1247:, and
1180:Ojibwa
1149:Minong
1145:Menong
1141:Menong
1094:copper
1052:(1.1)
1047:(7.9)
1032:(7.7)
1027:(1.1)
945:(707)
871:(−42)
866:(−33)
861:(−27)
856:(−11)
826:(−20)
821:(−32)
816:(−42)
811:(−39)
796:(−16)
751:(−11)
746:(−17)
741:(−19)
552:Month
466:, and
375:UNESCO
246:Minong
6667:Betsy
6647:Other
6589:Grant
5595:Ports
5520:Basin
5176:Falls
4914:Huron
4814:Huron
4661:Other
4602:Alger
4466:Ionia
4461:Holly
4420:Young
4015:Aloha
3997:Parks
3988:State
3901:Paint
3876:Black
3843:Seney
3823:Huron
3639:Parks
3339:(PDF)
3332:(PDF)
3274:(PDF)
3263:(PDF)
3139:(PDF)
3122:(PDF)
3025:(PDF)
3018:(PDF)
2911:(PDF)
2904:(PDF)
2407:S2CID
1949:Ships
1869:kayak
1865:canoe
1780:agate
1584:frogs
1527:moose
1499:Fauna
1403:black
1376:biome
1340:U.S.
1332:Flora
1147:, or
1106:mined
993:71.7
990:81.6
987:76.6
984:75.4
981:76.5
978:73.9
975:69.7
972:68.5
969:60.9
966:59.1
963:66.6
960:73.2
957:78.9
943:27.77
940:(48)
935:(54)
930:(76)
925:(88)
920:(61)
915:(63)
910:(66)
905:(64)
900:(47)
895:(39)
890:(36)
885:(65)
851:(−4)
836:(−2)
831:(−6)
801:(−3)
791:(−7)
776:(11)
771:(11)
756:(−3)
726:(−5)
716:(11)
711:(17)
706:(23)
701:(23)
696:(20)
691:(16)
676:(−4)
671:(−8)
661:(35)
656:(11)
651:(22)
646:(26)
641:(30)
636:(34)
631:(34)
626:(35)
621:(31)
616:(28)
611:(17)
606:(13)
591:Year
331:, in
319:is a
6609:CDPs
6464:(by
6006:Zion
4888:Erie
4809:Erie
3911:Pine
3881:Carp
3620:and
3526:OCLC
3518:ISSN
3486:2016
3453:2017
3427:2023
3402:2019
3365:2021
3314:2017
3282:2020
3246:2016
3216:2017
3180:2017
3147:2017
3104:2017
3063:2021
3033:2017
3001:2010
2971:2010
2919:2011
2887:2011
2838:2021
2801:ISBN
2782:2007
2751:2007
2721:2019
2691:2020
2661:2021
2624:ISBN
2605:2007
2578:2007
2551:2023
2519:ISBN
2496:LCCN
2445:2009
2368:link
2354:2021
2319:2019
2289:2019
2259:2007
2233:2009
2203:2005
2163:2019
2133:2019
2107:2024
2075:2012
2006:The
1992:The
1980:The
1970:The
1941:and
1913:and
1778:and
1770:and
1750:and
1648:and
1560:mink
1551:wolf
1525:and
1507:and
1413:and
1405:and
1220:and
1102:B.C.
1065:28.8
1060:10.3
1055:21.7
1050:33.9
1045:46.2
1040:52.8
1035:51.7
1030:45.8
1025:34.0
1020:23.0
1015:14.7
954:(%)
938:1.88
933:2.13
928:2.99
923:3.45
918:2.41
913:2.49
908:2.58
903:2.50
898:1.84
893:1.55
888:1.41
883:2.54
846:(1)
841:(3)
786:(1)
781:(6)
766:(8)
761:(3)
731:(9)
721:(2)
686:(8)
681:(2)
601:(9)
588:Dec
585:Nov
582:Oct
579:Sep
576:Aug
573:Jul
570:Jun
567:May
564:Apr
561:Mar
558:Feb
555:Jan
358:and
286:Area
190:Area
44:Ib (
6697:Gay
2488:doi
2399:doi
2338:doi
1756:gem
1644:to
1568:bat
1479:),
1471:),
1463:),
1455:),
1447:),
1433:).
1417:),
1401:),
1350:Fir
1253:SS
1235:at
1131:In
1010:6.6
1005:3.2
869:−43
864:−28
859:−17
819:−25
814:−43
809:−39
519:Dfb
440:).
296:No.
6819::
6527::
6512:,
3570:,
3524:.
3488:.
3476:.
3470:.
3443:.
3418:.
3388:.
3374:^
3355:.
3298:.
3269:.
3265:.
3232:.
3206:.
3200:.
3188:^
3170:.
3164:.
3132:30
3130:.
3124:.
3071:^
3049:.
2987:.
2957:.
2935:.
2877:.
2873:.
2828:.
2824:.
2768:.
2737:.
2711:.
2707:.
2681:.
2677:.
2647:.
2542:.
2494:.
2472:^
2464:41
2462:.
2435:.
2431:.
2419:^
2405:.
2397:.
2387:25
2385:.
2364:}}
2360:{{
2309:.
2305:.
2275:.
2223:.
2219:.
2153:.
2149:.
2088:^
1937:,
1883:,
1813:,
1809:,
1805:,
1801:,
1797:,
1574:,
1541:,
1362:22
1354:93
1328:.
1243:,
1239:,
854:13
849:24
844:34
839:38
834:28
829:22
824:−4
799:27
789:20
784:34
779:43
774:51
769:51
764:46
759:37
754:26
749:13
739:−3
729:48
724:23
719:36
714:51
709:63
704:73
699:74
694:68
689:60
684:47
679:35
674:24
669:18
659:95
654:52
649:71
644:78
639:86
634:94
629:94
624:95
619:88
614:82
609:63
604:55
599:48
470:.
462:,
403:.
366:.
335:.
145:,
6499:e
6492:t
6485:v
6468:)
5677:e
5670:t
5663:v
4786:e
4779:t
4772:v
3671:)
3667:(
3659:)
3655:(
3600:e
3593:t
3586:v
3532:.
3455:.
3429:.
3404:.
3367:.
3316:.
3284:.
3248:.
3218:.
3182:.
3149:.
3106:.
3065:.
3035:.
3003:.
2973:.
2921:.
2889:.
2840:.
2811:.
2809:.
2784:.
2753:.
2723:.
2693:.
2663:.
2632:.
2607:.
2580:.
2553:.
2527:.
2502:.
2490::
2447:.
2413:.
2401::
2393::
2370:)
2356:.
2340::
2321:.
2291:.
2261:.
2235:.
2205:.
2165:.
2135:.
2109:.
2083:)
2079:(
2077:.
1867:/
1491:(
1483:(
1475:(
1467:(
1459:(
1451:(
1443:(
1429:(
1421:(
1409:(
1397:(
1352:(
1348:/
794:4
744:2
517:(
48:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
