313:
520:, President Eisenhower used the threat of economic sanctions against Israel to convince it to withdraw from Sinai and Gaza. In 1975, President Ford refused to provide Israel with new arms deals until it agreed to a second Sinai withdrawal. President Carter threatened to terminate US military assistance to Israel if it did not immediately evacuate Lebanon in September 1977. Carter also threatened Israel (and Egypt) at
36:
94:
387:
instead of "State of Israel" in
Iranian discourse implies that Israel is not a legitimate sovereign state but rather an oppressive regime. The people of Israel are often labeled not as Israelis but as "Zionists", furthering the narrative of illegitimacy. Such rhetoric has been consistent in Iranian media, especially in English-language publications targeting international audiences.
563:, says "for 100 years, through violence and delegitimization, Israelis and Palestinians have made sure that the other was never allowed to really feel at home in Israel." Delegitimization of the adversary, among all the psychological themes, is said to be "one of the major detrimental forces that turns a conflict to be vicious and violent, while preventing its peaceful resolution."
253:: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Mali, Niger, and Pakistan; and Cuba, North Korea and Venezuela. On the other hand, nine members of the Arab League recognise Israel: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Sudan, United Arab Emirates and Palestine; and most of the non-Arab members of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation also recognise Israel.
429:(JCPA), believes there is a "campaign to delegitimize Israel" based on three themes: a "denial of Israel's right to security", "portrayal of Israel as a criminal state", and "denial of Jewish history". Elhanan Yakira, professor of philosophy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, also considers portrayal of Israel as "criminal" and denial of Jewish history, specifically the
570:
said in a May 2011 speech "for the
Palestinians, efforts to delegitimize Israel will end in failure. Symbolic actions to isolate Israel at the United Nations in September won't create an independent state." In 2012, the president said, "whenever an effort is made to delegitimize the State of Israel,
386:
in 1979, Iran's official position has been to not recognize the State of Israel, often employing pejorative terminology in its rhetoric, with
Iranian officials and state-controlled media frequently refer to Israel as the "Zionist regime" and "Occupied Palestine". The use of the term "Zionist regime"
303:
of Saudi Arabia said that in endorsing the initiative every Arab state had "made clear that they will pay the price for peace, not only by recognising Israel as a legitimate state in the area, but also to normalise relations with it and end the state of hostilities that had existed since 1948."
390:
In contrast, Jordan's linguistic approach towards Israel underwent a significant transformation following the peace treaty signed on
October 26, 1994. Prior to the treaty, Jordanian media employed terms like "Filastiin" (Palestine), "al-ardh al-muhtallah" (the occupied land), and "al-kayaan
524:
that the United States would withhold aid if the countries did not sign an agreement. Finally, in 1991 US secretary of state James Baker forced Prime
Minister Yitzhak Shamir to attend negotiations in Madrid by threatening to not give Israel a $ 10bn loan it needed.
257:
617:
writes "When peaceful opposition to Israel’s policies is squelched and those with the capacity to dismantle the occupation don’t raise a finger against it, violence invariably becomes more attractive to those who have few other means of upsetting the status quo."
528:
Yousef
Munayyer argues that it is important for international actors to realize that Israel is practicing apartheid, and accurately describing Israeli policies will motivate the international community to take against Israel's human rights violations.
485:, and from "the ever-louder calls for Israel to grant Palestinians equal rights". He concludes that "It's not the Palestinians who are delegitimizing Israel, but the Israeli government, which maintains the occupation. And the leading delegitimizer is
1318:
206:
1694:
339:
and Israel conditionally recognized each other's right to govern specific areas of the country. This boosted Israel's legal authority and legitimacy on the international stage. Palestinian
Authority leader
391:
as-suhyuuni" (the
Zionist entity), mirroring the state of war and ideological conflict. However, post-peace, there was a noticeable shift to more neutral terms such as "Israel" and "the state of Israel".
1853:
1325:
167:
419:. The third of the three Ds is delegitimization. He explains "when Israel's fundamental right to exist is denied – alone among all peoples in the world – this too is anti-Semitism."
284:
as legitimization. Significant minorities in Jordan see Israel as an illegitimate state, and reversing the normalization of diplomatic relations was central to
Jordanian discourse.
759:
473:, argued that the term "delegitimization" is a "distraction", whose purpose is to divert attention away from world opposition to the "illegitimate" Israeli occupation of the
1702:
575:, former Canadian Attorney General, said that delegitimization is "masked under the current discourse". It is hidden in the anti-Israel resolutions passed by the UN,
706:
626:
Starting June 27, 2024, Germany requires all those applying for naturalization must affirm Israel's right to exist. Opponents of the law argue that it infringes on
344:
said while speaking at the UN regarding
Palestinian recognition, "We did not come here seeking to delegitimize a state established years ago, and that is Israel."
1661:
1009:
1565:
1066:
516:, who argues Israel is practicing apartheid over Palestinians, believes the most effective way to peace is to pressure Israel. He points out that during the
295:
at their Beirut summit. The comprehensive peace plan called for full normalization of Arab-Israeli relations in return for full Israeli withdrawal from the
312:
906:
213:(PLO) formally recognized Israel's right to exist as a sovereign state while Israel formally recognized the PLO as a legitimate entity representing the
1591:
1725:
642:
considers Israel as willing to accept a situation where its legitimacy may be challenged, because it sees itself as occupying a unique place in the
437:
believes that other standard lines of argument include claims of Israel's "colonial" nature, a belief that statehood was not granted "legally", the
892:
249:: Algeria, Comoros, Djibouti, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen; a further nine members of the
1504:
542:
230:
359:
1838:
960:
1639:
426:
250:
171:
163:
1818:
1175:
579:
is "often abused" regarding Israel, it is "laundered under the cover of human rights", and is hidden behind the use of accusations of
982:
763:
281:
350:, in contrast, does not recognize Israel as a legitimate government. Furthermore, Hamas denies the legitimacy of the Oslo I Accord.
210:
78:
371:
191:
606:
said that "the threat of delegitimization intensifies other threats facing Israel, and limits our ability to protect ourselves."
453:
1447:
45:
1753:
1786:
1358:
1076:
664:
1815:
Delegitimation of Israel and Israel Attachments Among Jewish Young Adults: The College Campus and Other Contributing Factors
686:
363:
296:
148:
128:
1833:
1814:
599:
242:
727:
1211:
1472:
132:
1523:
807:
674:
412:
300:
1212:"Representing the 'Zionist Regime': Mass Communication of Anti-Zionism in the English-Language Iranian Press"
987:
56:
1153:
576:
124:
49:
1843:
779:
639:
498:
336:
292:
1617:
517:
550:
449:, the lopsided number of anti-Israel resolutions passed by the UN is an example of delegitimization.
438:
152:
497:
Many sources argue that delegitimizing Israel will hinder the peace process, while others disagree.
1421:
1395:
1068:
Security and Environment in the Mediterranean: Conceptualising Security and Environmental Conflicts
1026:
681:
643:
261:
136:
1374:
1351:
Post-Zionism, Post-Holocaust: Three Essays on Denial, Forgetting, and the Delegitimation of Israel
1244:
874:
701:
651:
559:
482:
442:
383:
222:
218:
602:
are characterized by David Schwartz as a "delegitimization of Israel's right to defend itself."
590:
Delegitimization is seen as a threat to Israel's security. Demands for Israel to not enter into
1782:
1354:
1072:
728:"Amnesty accuses Israel of apartheid over treatment of Palestinians, prompting angry response"
647:
627:
469:
1039:
190:
representing the remainder. Most of the governments opposed to Israel have cited the ongoing
1848:
1275:
1234:
1226:
1183:
1093:
864:
853:"Sadat and the Road to Jerusalem: Bold Gestures and Risk Acceptance in the Search for Peace"
696:
691:
538:
416:
367:
98:
17:
1370:
792:
554:
505:
is already dead, and is often used as an excuse to violate human rights of Palestinians.
434:
404:
400:
120:
110:
489:, whose contemptuous rejection of peace is turning Israel into an international pariah."
1666:
1566:"'Delegitimization' of Israel a graver threat than war, former intelligence chief says"
464:
159:
140:
102:
825:
403:
which separates Israel from other legitimate nations which have imperfect government.
256:
1827:
1280:
1263:
1248:
1135:
1010:"'Historic Diplomatic Breakthrough': Read the Full Statement on Israel-UAE Agreement"
878:
614:
513:
502:
408:
341:
332:
324:
316:
265:
202:
198:
669:
572:
567:
446:
320:
269:
226:
214:
175:
106:
60:
1230:
932:
650:
argues that the legitimacy of Israeli historical narratives is used as a tool to
603:
546:
288:
246:
183:
144:
93:
1296:
591:
521:
478:
1042:" Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 5, No. 3 (September 2001)
1297:"3D Test of Anti-Semitism: Demonization, Double Standards, Delegitimization"
584:
486:
474:
430:
422:
187:
1114:
933:"Morocco latest country to normalise ties with Israel in US-brokered deal"
1542:
1053:
Jordanian-Palestinian Relations – Where to? Four Scenarios for the Future
937:
869:
852:
1730:
815:
Since the publication of this document, Maldives has recognized Israel.
541:
writing for JCPA, attacks on Israel's legitimacy are a barrier to the
217:. This development set the stage for negotiations towards achieving a
1264:"Pre-Peace and Post-Peace Referring in Jordanian Journalistic Arabic"
1239:
1040:'Normalization' and 'Anti-Normalization' in Jordan: The Public Debate
580:
456:
has characterized Israel's delegitimization as the new antisemitism.
277:
245:
do not recognise the State of Israel: 13 of the 21 UN members in the
135:, the country's authority has been questioned on a number of fronts.
553:
said that "delegitimization of Israel is a graver threat than war."
27:
Question of whether Israeli political authority is legitimate or not
155:. Israel regards such criticism as an attempt to de-legitimize it.
123:
in 1948, a number of countries and individuals have challenged its
1592:"Promised Land; Israel and the Palestinians See a Way to Co-Exist"
1138:. "The September 1993 Israeli-PLO Documents: A Textual Analysis".
595:
347:
311:
255:
147:, their disapproval of the established power structure within the
745:
1679:
1176:"Haniyeh calls for formation of Palestinian state on 1967 lines"
179:
501:, which accuses Israel of practicing apartheid notes that the
29:
1754:"Germany demands new citizens accept Israel's right to exist"
1726:"Livni: Delegitimization of Israel exacerbates other threats"
983:"Israel, Sudan Agree to Normalize Ties in U.S.-Brokered Deal"
1379:
Israel's Rights as a Nation-State in International Diplomacy
272:, during the Israel-Jordan peace negotiations, 25 July 1994
1505:"Israel-Palestine: the real reason there's still no peace"
961:"Israel's Diplomatic Missions Abroad: Status of relations"
370:" has been frequently applied to rhetoric surrounding the
178:
accounts for 25 of the 28 non-recognizing countries, with
1662:"President Obama 2012 AIPAC policy conference transcript"
1524:"The argument that Israel practices apartheid, explained"
907:"Israel and Mauritania to Establish Diplomatic Relations"
826:"Bahrain becomes latest Arab nation to recognize Israel"
327:
at the Oslo Accords signing ceremony, 13 September 1993
1152:
David Ariosto and Michael Pearson (30 November 2012).
1055:. Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1997. p. 8
139:
may be motivated by their opposition to the country's
1800:
Indivisible Territory and the Politics of Legitimacy
1396:"Delegitimization of Israel masked as good vs. evil"
170:. As of 2022, 28 of the 193 UN member states do not
1051:Mustafa Hamarneh, Rosemary Hollis, Khalil Shikaki.
399:Delegitimization is seen by some observers to be a
1779:Israel in the World: Legitimacy and Exceptionalism
1448:"Israel: 'Delegitimization' is just a distraction"
1422:"Delegitimization of Israel is new anti-Semitism"
762:. The United Nations. 11 May 1949. Archived from
1154:"U.N. approves Palestinian 'observer state' bid"
707:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379
276:In the 1990s, Islamic and leftist movements in
610:Suppressing peaceful criticism begets violence
166:. It also has bilateral ties with each of the
1802:. Cambridge University Press, 2009. pp. 18–20
1205:
1203:
1201:
8:
1854:Politics of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
1381:. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, 2011.
1375:Countering Challenges to Israel's Legitimacy
433:, to be key to a delegitimizing narrative.
197:In the early 1990s, Israeli prime minister
158:On 11 May 1949, Israel was admitted to the
1389:
1387:
1029:(1 September 1967), League of Arab States.
59:. Please do not remove this message until
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1473:"Israel's apartheid against Palestinians"
1279:
1238:
1219:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
868:
760:"Two Hundred and Seventh Plenary Meeting"
225:) through what would become known as the
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
360:Palestinian legislative election of 2006
92:
55:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1590:Thomas L. Friedman (5 September 1993).
1142:Vol. 23, No. 3 (Spring, 1994), pp. 5–23
1094:"Time to resurrect the Arab peace plan"
718:
237:Diplomatic normalization and legitimacy
209:. Pursuant to this correspondence, the
1693:David A. Schwartz (20 November 2012).
1541:Gerald M. Steinberg (22 August 2002).
1319:"The Challenge to Israel's Legitimacy"
806:United States Congress (5 June 2008).
788:
777:
425:, President of the Israeli think tank
1564:Podolsky, Philip (26 December 2012).
1038:Paul L. Scham and Russell E. Lucas. "
981:Schwartz, Felicia (23 October 2020).
571:my administration has opposed them."
7:
1545:. Jerusalem Center for Public Policy
1353:. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
493:Effect of delegitimization to peace
427:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
395:Legitimacy rhetoric as antisemitism
251:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1819:The Jewish People Policy Institute
1262:Darwish, Ibrahim (December 2010).
911:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
509:Pressuring Israel will bring peace
460:Legitimacy rhetoric as distraction
131:, or both. Over the course of the
25:
1616:Daniel Bar-Tal (September 2004).
1299:. Jewish Political Studies Review
726:Carey, Andrew (1 February 2022).
634:Legitimacy and Israeli uniqueness
543:Israeli–Palestinian peace process
297:territories occupied in June 1967
231:Israeli–Palestinian peace process
211:Palestine Liberation Organization
201:and Palestinian political leader
1724:Lis, Jonathan (24 August 2010).
1695:"Israel conflict draws reaction"
1446:Rosenberg, M.J. (17 July 2011).
1420:Keinon, Herb (31 January 2012).
1281:10.1179/002777310X12852321500149
746:"un.org/en/members/ 3 July 2006"
151:. Increasingly, Israel has been
34:
1394:Harkov, Lahav (20 March 2012).
851:Berenji, Shahin (1 July 2020).
638:Professor Emanuel Adler of the
308:Palestinian Authority and Hamas
194:as the basis for their stance.
1752:Tanno, Sophie (27 June 2024).
1503:Thrall, Nathan (16 May 2017).
1092:Black, Ian (18 October 2008).
665:Antisemitism in the Arab world
129:occupation of Arab territories
1:
1295:Natan Sharansky (Fall 2004).
1268:Names a Journal of Onomastics
687:Israeli right to self-defense
533:Delegitimization is dangerous
452:Canadian ex-Foreign Minister
378:Use of pejorative terminology
282:Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace
207:Letters of Mutual Recognition
172:recognize Israeli sovereignty
1522:Zhou, Li (20 October 2023).
1231:10.1080/13530194.2014.888261
1140:Journal of Palestine Studies
893:"Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty"
372:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
364:governance of the Gaza Strip
354:Rhetoric of delegitimization
243:United Nations member states
221:(i.e., Israel alongside the
192:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
149:Israeli-occupied territories
18:Israel's right to exist
1839:Foreign relations of Israel
600:Operation Pillar of Defense
61:conditions to do so are met
1870:
1620:. Beyondintractability.org
1543:"Starting Over After Oslo"
119:Since the founding of the
1640:"Obama Speech, Full Text"
1071:. Springer. p. 340.
467:, writing in 2011 in the
441:, and the necessity of a
109:with "Israel" written in
675:Timeline of Anti-Zionism
291:unanimously adopted the
1117:. Oxford Research group
988:The Wall Street Journal
646:. Stacie E. Goddard of
99:Israeli national emblem
857:International Security
787:Cite journal requires
577:universal jurisdiction
328:
273:
114:
1477:Amnesty International
1210:Jaspal, Rusi (2014).
1065:Robertson, L (2003).
640:University of Toronto
499:Amnesty International
481:, from the "illegal"
337:Palestinian Authority
315:
293:Arab Peace Initiative
259:
145:1967 Arab–Israeli War
133:Arab–Israeli conflict
96:
870:10.1162/isec_a_00381
766:on 12 September 2007
551:Israeli intelligence
477:and blockade of the
260:A handshake between
153:accused of apartheid
125:political legitimacy
1798:Stacie E. Goddard.
1781:. Routledge, 2012.
1642:. Globaltoronto.com
1027:Khartoum Resolution
832:. 11 September 2020
682:Criticism of Israel
483:Israeli settlements
262:Hussein I of Jordan
168:UNSC Permanent Five
48:of this article is
1834:Politics of Israel
1618:"Delegitimization"
1596:The New York Times
1479:. 1 February 2022.
1426:The Jerusalem Post
1186:. 19 December 2006
941:. 10 December 2020
702:Self-determination
560:The New York Times
443:one-state solution
384:Islamic Revolution
329:
274:
223:State of Palestine
219:two-state solution
215:Palestinian people
115:
1680:National Archives
1452:Los Angeles Times
1016:. 13 August 2020.
913:. 27 October 1999
648:Wellesley College
628:freedom of speech
622:Freedom of speech
549:, former head of
470:Los Angeles Times
439:apartheid analogy
268:, accompanied by
229:, as part of the
164:full member state
137:Critics of Israel
89:
88:
81:
16:(Redirected from
1861:
1803:
1796:
1790:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1705:on 11 April 2013
1701:. Archived from
1690:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1500:
1481:
1480:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1391:
1382:
1368:
1362:
1349:Elhanan Yakira.
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1324:. Archived from
1323:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1242:
1216:
1207:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1184:Associated Press
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1149:
1143:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
978:
972:
971:
969:
967:
957:
951:
950:
948:
946:
929:
923:
922:
920:
918:
903:
897:
896:
889:
883:
882:
872:
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
822:
816:
814:
812:
803:
797:
796:
790:
785:
783:
775:
773:
771:
756:
750:
749:
742:
736:
735:
723:
697:Political status
692:New antisemitism
652:secure territory
539:Gerald Steinberg
518:1956 Suez crisis
417:new antisemitism
415:for determining
411:, discussed the
368:delegitimisation
84:
77:
73:
70:
64:
38:
37:
30:
21:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1824:
1823:
1811:
1806:
1797:
1793:
1777:Emanuel Adler.
1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1673:
1671:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1570:Times of Israel
1563:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1502:
1501:
1484:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1371:Alan Dershowitz
1369:
1365:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1331:on 4 March 2016
1328:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1050:
1046:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1008:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
980:
979:
975:
965:
963:
959:
958:
954:
944:
942:
931:
930:
926:
916:
914:
905:
904:
900:
891:
890:
886:
850:
849:
845:
835:
833:
824:
823:
819:
810:
805:
804:
800:
786:
776:
769:
767:
758:
757:
753:
744:
743:
739:
725:
724:
720:
716:
711:
660:
636:
624:
612:
555:Thomas Friedman
535:
511:
495:
462:
445:. According to
435:Alan Dershowitz
405:Natan Sharansky
401:double standard
397:
380:
356:
310:
301:Turki al-Faisal
241:As of 2020, 30
239:
121:State of Israel
101:, showcasing a
85:
74:
68:
65:
54:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1867:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1810:
1809:External links
1807:
1805:
1804:
1791:
1770:
1744:
1716:
1685:
1670:. 4 March 2012
1667:whitehouse.gov
1653:
1631:
1608:
1582:
1556:
1533:
1514:
1482:
1464:
1438:
1412:
1400:Jerusalem Post
1383:
1363:
1342:
1310:
1287:
1274:(4): 191–196.
1254:
1225:(3): 287–305.
1197:
1167:
1144:
1128:
1106:
1084:
1077:
1057:
1044:
1031:
1019:
1001:
973:
952:
924:
898:
884:
863:(1): 127–163.
843:
817:
808:"H. RES. 1249"
798:
789:|journal=
751:
737:
717:
715:
712:
710:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
678:
677:
667:
661:
659:
656:
635:
632:
623:
620:
611:
608:
534:
531:
510:
507:
494:
491:
465:M.J. Rosenberg
461:
458:
407:, head of the
396:
393:
379:
376:
358:Following the
355:
352:
331:Following the
309:
306:
238:
235:
205:exchanged the
160:United Nations
143:or, since the
141:right to exist
107:olive branches
105:surrounded by
87:
86:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1866:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1817:, a paper by
1816:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1745:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1720:
1717:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1583:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1544:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1155:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:Burhan Dajani
1132:
1129:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1095:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
990:
989:
984:
977:
974:
962:
956:
953:
940:
939:
934:
928:
925:
912:
908:
902:
899:
894:
888:
885:
880:
876:
871:
866:
862:
858:
854:
847:
844:
831:
827:
821:
818:
809:
802:
799:
794:
781:
765:
761:
755:
752:
747:
741:
738:
733:
729:
722:
719:
713:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
676:
673:
672:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
657:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
633:
631:
629:
621:
619:
616:
615:Nathan Thrall
609:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
566:US President
564:
562:
561:
557:, writing in
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
537:According to
532:
530:
526:
523:
519:
515:
514:Nathan Thrall
508:
506:
504:
503:peace process
500:
492:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:
466:
459:
457:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
418:
414:
410:
409:Jewish Agency
406:
402:
394:
392:
388:
385:
377:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
353:
351:
349:
345:
343:
342:Mahmoud Abbas
338:
335:in 1993, the
334:
333:Oslo I Accord
326:
325:Yasser Arafat
322:
318:
317:Yitzhak Rabin
314:
307:
305:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
280:attacked the
279:
271:
267:
266:Yitzhak Rabin
263:
258:
254:
252:
248:
244:
236:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
203:Yasser Arafat
200:
199:Yitzhak Rabin
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
117:
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
91:
83:
80:
72:
62:
58:
52:
51:
47:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1844:Anti-Zionism
1799:
1794:
1778:
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:
1747:
1735:. Retrieved
1729:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:the original
1699:Sun-Sentinel
1698:
1688:
1678:– via
1672:. Retrieved
1665:
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1634:
1622:. Retrieved
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1569:
1559:
1547:. Retrieved
1536:
1527:
1517:
1509:The Guardian
1508:
1476:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1451:
1441:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1399:
1378:
1366:
1350:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1326:the original
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1290:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1222:
1218:
1188:. Retrieved
1179:
1170:
1158:. Retrieved
1147:
1139:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1087:
1067:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1034:
1022:
1013:
1004:
992:. Retrieved
986:
976:
964:. Retrieved
955:
943:. Retrieved
936:
927:
915:. Retrieved
910:
901:
887:
860:
856:
846:
836:11 September
834:. Retrieved
829:
820:
801:
780:cite journal
768:. Retrieved
764:the original
754:
740:
731:
721:
670:Anti-Zionism
637:
625:
613:
589:
573:Irwin Cotler
568:Barack Obama
565:
558:
536:
527:
512:
496:
468:
463:
451:
447:Irwin Cotler
421:
398:
389:
381:
366:, the term "
357:
346:
330:
321:Bill Clinton
287:In 2002 the
286:
275:
270:Bill Clinton
240:
227:Oslo Accords
196:
176:Muslim world
157:
118:
116:
90:
75:
66:
44:
1361:. pp. 36–46
1115:"About ORG"
994:12 December
945:13 December
644:world order
604:Tzipi Livni
594:and defeat
547:Amos Yadlin
362:and Hamas'
289:Arab League
247:Arab League
184:North Korea
1828:Categories
1787:0415624150
1359:0521127866
1078:3540401075
714:References
522:Camp David
479:Gaza Strip
454:John Baird
382:Since the
162:(UN) as a
46:neutrality
1249:144331371
1240:2086/8826
879:220633972
585:apartheid
487:Netanyahu
475:West Bank
431:Holocaust
423:Dore Gold
188:Venezuela
113:below it.
69:July 2024
57:talk page
1737:30 March
1709:30 March
1674:30 March
1646:30 March
1624:30 March
1601:28 March
1575:30 March
1549:30 March
1457:26 March
1431:28 March
1405:30 March
1303:28 March
1190:16 April
1160:30 March
966:5 August
938:BBC News
917:5 August
658:See also
413:three Ds
50:disputed
1849:Zionism
1763:27 June
1731:Haaretz
1335:1 April
1180:Haaretz
1121:1 April
1099:1 April
1014:Haaretz
830:AP NEWS
770:13 July
598:during
103:menorah
1785:
1357:
1247:
1075:
877:
581:racism
323:, and
278:Jordan
186:, and
174:; the
127:, its
111:Hebrew
1329:(PDF)
1322:(PDF)
1245:S2CID
1215:(PDF)
1156:. CNN
875:S2CID
811:(PDF)
596:Hamas
348:Hamas
1789:p. 1
1783:ISBN
1765:2024
1739:2013
1711:2013
1676:2013
1648:2013
1626:2013
1603:2013
1577:2013
1551:2013
1459:2013
1433:2013
1407:2013
1355:ISBN
1337:2013
1305:2013
1192:2014
1162:2013
1123:2013
1101:2013
1073:ISBN
996:2020
968:2011
947:2020
919:2011
838:2020
793:help
772:2007
592:Gaza
583:and
264:and
180:Cuba
97:The
43:The
1758:CNN
1528:Vox
1377:".
1373:. "
1276:doi
1235:hdl
1227:doi
865:doi
732:CNN
1830::
1756:.
1728:.
1697:.
1664:.
1594:.
1568:.
1526:.
1507:.
1485:^
1475:.
1450:.
1424:.
1398:.
1386:^
1272:58
1270:.
1266:.
1243:.
1233:.
1223:41
1221:.
1217:.
1200:^
1182:.
1178:.
1012:.
985:.
935:.
909:.
873:.
861:45
859:.
855:.
828:.
784::
782:}}
778:{{
730:.
654:.
630:.
587:.
545:.
374:.
319:,
299:.
233:.
182:,
1767:.
1741:.
1713:.
1682:.
1650:.
1628:.
1605:.
1579:.
1553:.
1530:.
1511:.
1461:.
1435:.
1409:.
1339:.
1307:.
1284:.
1278::
1251:.
1237::
1229::
1194:.
1164:.
1125:.
1103:.
1081:.
998:.
970:.
949:.
921:.
895:.
881:.
867::
840:.
813:.
795:)
791:(
774:.
748:.
734:.
82:)
76:(
71:)
67:(
63:.
53:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
