156:(Hanover, 1863). The kings of Sweden and of Hanover now conferred distinctions upon him. Encouraged by the sympathy of several scientists, who drew up a plan and a series of suggestions for his guidance, he determined to go again to Asia and Africa, and went to London in order to raise funds for this journey â a journey which was not to be undertaken. Worn out by fatigues and privations, which had caused him to grow old before his time and gave him the appearance of age, he died poor in London; and his friends and admirers had to arrange a public subscription in order to save his wife and daughter from misery.
149:. An English version has also been published. As the veracity of his accounts and the genuineness of his travels were attacked by some critics, he amply defended himself by producing letters and other tokens proving his journey to the various Oriental countries named. Benjamin relates only what he has seen; and, although some of his remarks show insufficient scholarship and lack of scientific method, his truthful and simple narrative gained the approval of eminent scholars like Humboldt, Petermann, and Richter.
271:, and, if the complainant can bring forward two witnesses, the Jew is condemned to pay a heavy fine. If he is too poor to pay this penalty in money, he must pay it in his person. He is stripped to the waist, bound to a stake, and receives forty blows with a stick. Should the sufferer utter the least cry of pain during this proceeding, the blows already given are not counted, and the punishment is begun afresh.
136:
On arriving in France, after having traveled for eight years, he prepared in Hebrew his impressions of travel, and had the book translated into French. After suffering many tribulations in obtaining subscriptions for his book, he issued it in 1856, under the title
161:
Jawan Mezula, Schilderung des
Polnisch-Kosakischen Krieges und der Leiden der Juden in Poland WÀhrend der Jahre 1648-53, Bericht eines Zeitgenossen nach einer von. L. Lelewel Durchgesehenen Französischen Uebersetzung, Herausgegeben von J. J. Benjamin
255:
9. If a Jew enters a shop to buy anything, he is forbidden to inspect the goods, but must stand at a respectful distance and ask the price. Should his hand incautiously touch the goods, he must take them at any price the seller chooses to ask for
261:
10. Sometimes the
Persians intrude into the dwellings of the Jews and take possession of whatever pleases them. Should the owner make the least opposition in defense of his property, he incurs the danger of atoning for it with his
223:
6. If a Jew is recognized as such in the streets, he is subjected to the greatest insults. The passers-by spit in his face, and sometimes beat him so unmercifully, that he falls to the ground, and is obliged to be carried
207:
3. Even in the streets of their own quarter of the town they are not allowed to keep any open shop. They may only sell there spices and drugs, or carry on the trade of a jeweler, in which they have attained great
213:
4. Under the pretext of their being unclean, they are treated with the greatest severity, and should they enter a street, inhabited by
Mussulmans, they are pelted by the boys and mobs with stones and dirt.
250:, must not be sold to any Mussulmans. The slaughterers are compelled to bury the meat, for even the Christians do not venture to buy it, fearing the mockery and insult of the Persians.
303:
15. Daily and hourly new suspicions are raised against the Jews, in order to obtain excuses for fresh extortions; the desire of gain is always the chief incitement to fanaticism.
152:
In 1859 Benjamin undertook another journey, this time to
America, where he stayed three years. The result of his observations there he published on his return, under the title
439:
276:
12. In the same manner the Jewish children, when they get into a quarrel with those of the
Mussulmans, are immediately led before the Achund, and punished with blows.
218:
5. For the same reason they are forbidden to go out when it rains; for it is said the rain would wash dirt off them, which would sully the feet of the
Mussulmans.
229:
7. If a
Persian kills a Jew, and the family of the deceased can bring forward two Mussulmans as witnesses to the fact, the murderer is punished by a fine of 12
69:
Married young, he engaged in the lumber business, but losing his modest fortune, he gave up commerce. Being of an adventurous disposition, he used the name of
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14. If, as already mentioned, a Jew shows himself in the street during the three days of the Katel (qatl al-Husayn "murder of Husayn", commemoration by
285:
he enters. If he hesitates to satisfy any demands that may happen to be made on him, they fall upon him, and maltreat him until he yields to their terms.
237:); but if two such witnesses cannot be produced, the crime remains unpunished, even though it has been publicly committed, and is well known.
434:
197:
from the other inhabitants; for they are considered as unclean creatures, who bring contamination with their intercourse and presence.
31:
424:
404:
81:. This search took him from Vienna to Constantinople in 1845, with stops at several cities on the Mediterranean. He arrived in
429:
331:
Report of a contemporary of L Lelewel examining his French translations, edited by J. J. Benjamin II (Hanover, 1863)
409:
327:
Description of the Polish-Cossack war and of the suffering the Jews in Poland during the years 1648-53
419:
414:
267:
11. Upon the least dispute between a Jew and a
Persian, the former is immediately dragged before the
335:
165:
125:, and then back to Vienna, where he stayed briefly before heading to Italy. There he embarked for
70:
58:
384:
363:
230:
146:
141:. The same work, revised and enlarged, was subsequently published in German under the title
295:
122:
17:
398:
379:
388:. Princeton University Press, 1984. Chapter "The End of Tradition", pp. 181â183
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185:
42:
118:
291:
82:
102:
98:
30:
243:
169:
133:. He made copious notes of his observations of the societies he visited.
46:
57:
historian and traveler. His pen name was "Benjamin II", in allusion to
338:'s work on the insurrection of the Cossacks in the seventeenth century.
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130:
126:
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110:
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traveler, and set out in 1844 on a search for the Lost Ten Tribes of
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50:
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114:
94:
86:
29:
184:, J. J. Benjamin wrote down some observations on the life of the
281:
13. A Jew who travels in Persia is taxed in every inn and every
54:
159:
In addition to the works mentioned above, Benjamin published
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in the seventeenth century, with a preface by
Kayserling.
202:
2. They have no right to carry on trade in stuff goods.
193:
1. Throughout Persia the Jews are obliged to live in
27:Romanian-Jewish historian and traveler (1818-1864)
8:
164:, Hanover, 1863, a German edition of Rabbi
365:Cinq années de voyage en Orient, 1846-1851
188:which have been quoted by modern writers:
182:Cinq années de voyage en Orient, 1846-1851
440:Writers from the Principality of Moldavia
354:
244:slaughtered according to Hebrew custom
7:
368:. Michel Levy frĂšres. pp. 160â.
168:'s work on the insurrection of the
145:(Hanover, 1858), with a preface by
176:Notes from J.J. Benjamin's travels
25:
85:in June, 1847, and proceeded via
362:Israel Joseph Benjamin (1856).
139:Cinq AnnĂ©es en Orient (1846â51)
378:Translated from the French by
321:Eight years in Asia and Africa
143:Acht Jahre in Asien und Afrika
53:, May 3, 1864) was a Romanian-
1:
121:, returning in June 1851, to
73:, the famous twelfth-century
298:) he is sure to be murdered.
242:8. The flesh of the animals
195:a part of the town separated
93:. He then traveled through
456:
435:19th-century Romanian Jews
334:A German edition of Rabbi
344:(3 vols.) (Hanover, 1862)
315:Five years in the Orient
294:of the assassination of
39:IsraeÍÌl Joseph Benjamin
405:Jewish Romanian writers
309:Bibliography in English
175:
342:Three Years in America
35:
18:Israel Joseph Benjamin
425:People from FÄlticeni
154:Drei Jahre in Amerika
33:
430:Holy Land travellers
336:Nathan Nata Hanover
166:Nathan Nata Hanover
246:, but declared as
71:Benjamin of Tudela
59:Benjamin of Tudela
36:
410:Jewish historians
385:The Jews of Islam
16:(Redirected from
447:
389:
376:
370:
369:
359:
147:Meyer Kayserling
65:Life and travels
21:
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323:(Hanover, 1858)
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296:Husayn ibn Ali
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186:Jews in Persia
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123:Constantinople
66:
63:
34:J. J. Benjamin
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380:Bernard Lewis
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283:caravanserai
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160:
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142:
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68:
38:
37:
420:1864 deaths
415:1818 births
208:perfection.
119:Afghanistan
399:Categories
349:References
83:Alexandria
317:(1846â51)
103:Kurdistan
99:Babylonia
49:, 1818 â
43:FÄlticeni
292:Shi'ites
235:piastres
170:Cossacks
47:Moldavia
231:tumauns
180:In his
131:Morocco
127:Algeria
89:to the
269:Achund
117:, and
111:Indies
109:, the
107:Persia
91:Levant
79:Israel
75:Jewish
55:Jewish
51:London
262:life.
256:them.
248:Trefe
233:(600
224:home.
115:Kabul
95:Syria
87:Cairo
129:and
162:II.
401::
382:,
113:,
105:,
101:,
97:,
61:.
45:,
41:(
20:)
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