225:, president of the Legislative Conference, agreed to form a new organization affiliated with the American Federation of Teachers, the Professional Staff Congress (PSC). CUNY challenged the right of the PSC to represent its faculty, forcing the PSC into yet another election. The PSC won this second election on June 7, 1972. After a year of negotiations and a threatened strike, City University of New York consented to a three-year collective bargaining agreement. As of 2007, the PSC represented more than 20,000 faculty and staff members at CUNY.
145:, president of St. John's, said the teachers had used their classrooms for propaganda purposes. Kugler pushed for a more radical response to the dispute, calling for a strike to begin in January 1966 and widening the dispute to include pay and benefits (faculty pay was the lowest of the ten largest Catholic universities in the U.S.) The strike at St. John's began on January 4, 1966. The union pushed for mediation and arbitration in December 1965, but the university refused to submit to either. Using tactics pioneered by
162:, whose encyclicals on workers' rights were repeatedly cited by the union. But the pope refused him an audience. In the early spring of 1967, as the strike threatened to widen to other Catholic universities in the country and state legislators opened hearings on the labor dispute, the university agreed to arbitration. The strike ended in June 1967. The union did not win recognition at St. John's, and in 1970 arbitrators ruled that the university had not acted improperly.
103:
Kugler was a leader among a group of delegates of the
American Federation of Teachers who sought to force the national union to end its practice of chartering segregated locals. The union had amended its constitution in 1953 to bar segregated locals, but had done little to enforce the provision. In
185:
Although the strike was a failure in that it did not win reinstatement for the faculty, the strike established the
American Federation of Teachers as the pre-eminent union organizing American higher education faculty. Kugler quickly turned the UFCT's attention to other colleges and universities in
149:
to win collective bargaining rights for New York City public school teachers, Kugler pushed for local and state government officials to get involved in the dispute. Only a minority of St. John's faculty walked out, forcing the university to close some but not a majority of classes. During the next
108:
and other national union officers argued that the resolution and constitution provision did not "require" suspension. The following year, Kugler led the anti-segregation forces in yet another resolution battle, which led to passage of a policy which unequivocably required ejection of locals which
213:
faculty) nine days later, and a signed contract nine months later. The City
University of New York promptly attempted to break the contract by firing 100 untenured faculty members in December 1969. Kugler responded with aggressive picketing which forced the university to rescind its actions.
132:
in 1966, which led to the establishment of the
American Federation of Teachers as a leader in the unionization of faculty and staff in higher education. In the fall of 1965, 31 faculty members at St. John's University were dismissed without due process or any hearing. Both the
113:
withdrew from the union rather than be suspended, including Local 89 in
Atlanta (the first AFT local where 100 percent of the teachers in the bargaining unit had joined the local). In all, the American Federation of Teachers lost close to 5 percent of its membership.
137:(AAUP) and the UFCT claimed the university had violated the professors' academic freedom. St. John's, the two groups said, demanded that the faculty restrict their teaching to a narrow, dogmatic approach to
1001:
American
Federation of Teachers: Office of the President, 1960-1974. American Federation of Teachers Collection. Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs. Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University.
209:, UFCT not only won an agreement for a union election but won the December 6, 1968, election in the face of a determined challenge from the AAUP. The union won a second election (this time for non-
205:
In 1967, Kugler began pushing for the UFCT to organize the faculty at the City
University of New York. Backed by the American Federation of Teachers and the newly formed (and politically powerful)
92:, where he earned a reputation as a skilled classroom educator. He also became heavily involved in labor politics in the city, and supported organizing drives for many unions. Kugler joined the
46:
Kugler was born on June 13, 1917 in
Brooklyn, New York City, to Philip and Anna (Senitzer) Kugler. He and his sister were raised in a liberal Jewish home in Brooklyn. He graduated with a
202:
agreement—the first time a public higher education union in the state signed a contract. FIT's contract was only the second public higher education contract in the whole country.
1105:
980:
151:
1090:
58:
and Jewish politics, often spending entire days in "the counterpart of a floating crap game—only our dice were political arguments on all issues affecting the world."
1011:
Guide to the
Professional Staff Congress/City University of New York 1936-2004. Tamiment Library/Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives. Bobst Library, New York University.
1060:
104:
1954, Kugler and others demanded that the union suspend the charters of locals that barred black teachers from membership. Although a resolution passed, president
134:
123:
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260:
860:
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129:
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469:
608:"ST. JOHN'S HINTS FACULTY CONDUCT LED TO OUSTERS; University Breaks Silence in its Dispute With Teachers Over Dismissal of 31 (Published 1965)"
803:
1070:
158:
and other organizations to support the striking faculty. Kugler took professors' case to the
Vatican and sought an individual audience with
165:
Kugler later wrote a well-regarded article about the strike, "The 1966 Strike at St. John's University: A Memoir," which was published in
426:
1120:
1095:
1050:
1045:
1000:
155:
1005:
977:
547:
300:
218:
244:
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and required faculty to submit all articles and books to the administration for clearance before seeking publication. The Rev.
97:
89:
1075:
1055:
93:
206:
195:
1010:
1080:
1006:
Guide to the Israel Kugler Papers. Tamiment Library/Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives. Bobst Library, New York University.
926:
836:
180:
35:
31:
503:"A. F. L. TEACHERS BAN RACIAL CURBS; All Locals Must Open Their Rolls to Negroes by June 1 -- Hasty Steps Defeated"
154:
twice. But that body only warned the university and took no further action. The union raised $ 250,000 from the
191:
51:
470:"TEACHERS CLASH ON BIAS IN UNION; Proposal to Suspend Locals That Fail to End Color Line in Year Is Disputed"
321:
26:. In the 1960s, he helped organize faculty at a number of New York City-area colleges and universities into
945:
718:
June 20, 1967; Johnston, "Legislative Panel Will Investigate Sale by L.I.U. and Dismissals at St. John's,"
256:
574:
232:
199:
252:
908:
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the New York City area. In the next few years, under his leadership the union organized locals at the
142:
1030:
1025:
248:
70:
47:
953:
167:
105:
74:
978:"Health Care Industry Council, LERA Charter," Labor and Employment Relations Association, no date.
698:
June 13, 1966; Currivan, "St. John's Reopening Today With Faculty Strikers Resuming Picket Line,"
222:
507:
62:
682:
January 11, 1966; Gansberg, "St. John's Strike Closes Classes, But 2 Sides Disagree on Number,"
868:
811:
615:
582:
553:
543:
512:
477:
434:
373:
296:
228:
Kugler was elected Deputy Vice President of the PSC after its formation, but retired in 1980.
788:
December 27, 1969; *Handler, "Union to Picket City U. Branches Over Dismissal of Lecturers,"
100:(AFT). Kugler eventually was elected president of the union, which had been founded in 1935.
771:
December 16, 1968; Handler, "City U. and Untenured Teachers Reach Agreement on a Contract,"
767:
December 7, 1968; Hechinger, "City U. Faculty to Cast 2d Vote On Union to Represent 4,500,"
674:
January 5, 1966; Currivan, "St. John's Warns 25 Absentees to Return to Job or Face Action,"
365:
892:
730:
October 12, 1969; Malcolm, "Arbitrators Absolve St. John's of Teachers' Antiunion Charge,"
949:
930:
293:
From Ladies to Women: The Organized Struggle for Women's Rights in the Reconstruction Era.
80:
Kugler married the former Helen Barkan in 1941. They had two children, Daniel and Philip.
38:(CUNY) which now represents more than 20,000 faculty and staff members at the university.
366:"Israel Kugler, Union Official Who Led Strike at St. John's, Dies at 90 (Published 2007)"
146:
1019:
984:
710:
April 6, 1967; Morris, "Catholic U. Classes Stopped as Protest Spreads in Faculty,"
702:
September 19, 1966; Currivan, "St. John's Warned Its Accreditation May Be Revoked,"
686:
February 15, 1966; Dallos, "St. John's to Keep Its Accreditation But Gets Warning,"
159:
66:
706:
December 2, 1966; "The New Impasse Stalls Plans to Arbitrate St. John's Dispute,"
804:"City U. Proposes 1-Year Pact; Staff Union Promptly Rejects It (Published 1973)"
27:
539:
The American Federation of Teachers, 1916-1961 : a history of the movement
110:
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872:
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481:
377:
55:
23:
557:
22:(June 13, 1917 – October 1, 2007) was a noted American professor of
924:"Officers and National Committee Members," Social Democrats USA, no date.
746:
Polishook, "Collective Bargaining and the City University of New York,"
537:
150:
two years, Kugler challenged the university's accreditation before the
138:
784:
Handler, "100 of Staff Ousted In Pact Violation, City U. Union Says,"
694:
June 2, 1966; Dallos, "Teachers Protest at St. John's Commencement,"
210:
942:
893:"Israel Kugler, 1917-2007: Pioneer of unionism in higher education,"
722:
October 10, 1967; Currivan, "St. John's Retains Its Accreditation,"
259:, and a founding member of the Health Care Industry Council of the
670:
January 4, 1966; Currivan, "St. John's Opens Despite Its Strike,"
662:
December 24, 1965; Currivan, "St. John's Bars Mediation By City,"
837:"Faculty Members at City University Pick Single Bargaining Agent"
714:
April 21, 1967; Gansberg, "St. John's Dispute to Be Arbitrated,"
654:
Currivan, "St. John's Strike on Jan. 3 Called By Teacher Union,"
658:
December 18, 1965; Currivan, "St. John's Gets Mediation Offer,"
278:"A Life in the Workmen's Circle: Reminiscence and Reflection."
726:
May 4, 1968; Currivan, "$ 100,000 Sought in St. John's Case,"
666:
December 28, 1965; Grutzner, "Mayor Offers Aid on St. Johns,"
217:
In 1972, Kugler merged the UFCT with its long-time rival, the
109:
discriminated on the basis of race. A number of locals in the
965:
678:
January 6, 1966; Dallos, "St. John's Calls Boycott Failure,"
763:
May 12, 1968; Clarity, "Union Wins Vote of C.U. Faculty,"
690:
May 1, 1966; Kaplan, "Faculty Strikers Suing St. John's,"
255:/Arbeter Ring, a member of the Executive Committee of the
312:"The 1966 Strike at St. John's University: A Memoir."
861:"STAFF UNIT VOTES TO STRIKE CITY U. (Published 1973)"
265:He also at one time had been a board member of the
542:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
251:, a member of the National Executive Board of the
956:/Arbeter Ring, no date. Accessed October 7, 2007.
152:Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
231:Israel Kugler died of pneumonia at his home in
88:Kugler became a professor of social science at
319:"The Trade Union Career of Susan B. Anthony."
759:Farber, "City U. Election On Union Stalled,"
219:Legislative Conference of the City University
198:. In 1967, faculty at FIT bargained a signed
135:American Association of University Professors
8:
1106:United States Navy personnel of World War II
742:
740:
243:Kugler was at one time the president of the
637:
635:
398:Irving Howe: A Life of Passionate Dissent,
305:"Status, Power, and Educational Freedom."
261:Labor and Employment Relations Association
124:St. John's University strike of 1966-1967
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567:
408:
406:
359:
357:
355:
353:
351:
349:
347:
1091:New York City Community College faculty
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54:in 1938. He took an active interest in
1061:American Federation of Teachers people
295:Westport, Ct.: Greenwood Press, 1987.
94:United Federation of College Teachers
7:
575:"Universities: Strife at St. John's"
427:"1963 march participant Phil Kugler"
247:, a member of National Committee of
1066:Jewish American military personnel
1041:20th-century American male writers
14:
1116:American male non-fiction writers
1101:Deaths from pneumonia in Maryland
909:"Labor Leader Israel Kugler, 90,"
307:Journal of Educational Sociology.
117:
69:and returned to school to earn a
1111:Historians from New York (state)
1036:20th-century American historians
245:Three Arrows Cooperative Society
1086:City College of New York alumni
835:Buder, Leonard (June 8, 1972).
431:American Federation of Teachers
333:7:1 (New Series) (Summer 1998).
329:"Two Views of Albert Shanker."
267:League for Industrial Democracy
188:Fashion Institute of Technology
98:American Federation of Teachers
90:New York City Community College
536:Eaton, William Edward (1975).
285:"The AAUP at the Crossroads."
1:
898:, November-December 2007, 12.
802:Peterson, Iver (1973-06-01).
606:Currivan, Gene (1965-12-23).
501:Currivan, Gene (1955-08-20).
468:Currivan, Gene (1954-08-21).
364:Hevesi, Dennis (2007-10-08).
207:United Federation of Teachers
196:Westchester Community College
1071:American trade union leaders
748:Journal of Higher Education,
433:. 2013-08-17. Archived from
414:A Brother Like Me: A Memoir,
118:St. John's University strike
34:, a union of faculty at the
456:Higher Education Quarterly,
181:Professional Staff Congress
36:City University of New York
32:Professional Staff Congress
1137:
1121:United States Navy sailors
1096:New York University alumni
1051:21st-century American Jews
1046:20th-century American Jews
943:"National Executive Board"
178:
121:
96:(UFCT), Local 1460 of the
987:Accessed October 7, 2007.
966:"Jewish Labor Committee".
933:Accessed October 7, 2007.
192:Nassau Community College
52:City College of New York
968:Accessed March 8, 2008.
128:Kugler led a strike at
454:Wagner, "Local 1460,"
257:Jewish Labor Committee
235:, on October 1, 2007.
1076:American sociologists
1056:Writers from Brooklyn
273:Selected publications
233:Chevy Chase, Maryland
200:collective bargaining
130:St. John's University
249:Social Democrats USA
175:Formation of the PSC
30:. He co-founded the
1081:Jewish sociologists
914:, October 10, 2007.
790:The New York Times,
786:The New York Times,
775:September 11, 1969.
773:The New York Times,
769:The New York Times,
765:The New York Times,
761:The New York Times,
732:The New York Times,
728:The New York Times,
724:The New York Times,
720:The New York Times,
716:The New York Times,
712:The New York Times,
708:The New York Times,
704:The New York Times,
700:The New York Times,
696:The New York Times,
692:The New York Times,
688:The New York Times,
684:The New York Times,
680:The New York Times,
676:The New York Times,
672:The New York Times,
668:The New York Times,
664:The New York Times,
660:The New York Times,
656:The New York Times,
641:"Featherman File,"
287:Changing Education.
282:3:4 (October 1991).
75:New York University
948:2007-10-12 at the
929:2007-08-11 at the
907:Marissa Brostoff,
865:The New York Times
841:The New York Times
808:The New York Times
612:The New York Times
508:The New York Times
474:The New York Times
370:The New York Times
63:United States Navy
16:American historian
891:Irwin Yellowitz,
734:January 28, 1970.
396:Quoted in Sorin,
326:11 (Winter 1961).
314:Labor's Heritage.
280:Labor's Heritage.
221:. Kugler and Dr.
61:He served in the
48:bachelor's degree
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316:9:2 (Fall 1997).
309:25:9 (May 1952).
253:Workmen's Circle
168:Labor's Heritage
156:Workmen's Circle
143:Joseph T. Cahill
73:in sociology at
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867:. 1973-07-08.
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581:. 1965-12-31.
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435:the original
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381:. Retrieved
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289:Spring 1966.
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223:Belle Zeller
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160:Pope Paul VI
127:
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87:
84:Union career
79:
67:World War II
60:
45:
28:labor unions
19:
18:
1031:2007 deaths
1026:1917 births
239:Memberships
1020:Categories
952:, Today's
878:2021-03-13
846:2021-03-13
821:2021-03-13
625:2021-03-13
592:2021-03-13
522:2021-03-13
487:2021-03-13
441:2021-03-13
383:2021-03-13
338:References
111:Deep South
42:Early life
873:0362-4331
816:0362-4331
750:May 1970.
620:0362-4331
587:0040-781X
517:0362-4331
482:0362-4331
378:0362-4331
171:in 1997.
71:doctorate
56:socialist
50:from the
24:sociology
981:Archived
946:Archived
927:Archived
412:Dunbar,
912:Forward
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