28:
356:, excluding disputes over the ownership of land, as well as criminal cases in which the maximum sentence is 7 years. Magistrate Courts are found in most Israeli towns. The Magistrate Court has 6 subdivisions. (1) The Juvenile Court deals with criminal offenses committed by people who were not 18 on the date of prosecution and some issues relating to the removal of children from parental custody. (2) The Family Court deals with all civil cases where the parties are close family members. (3) The Small Claims Court deals with cases of less than 30 thousand shekels. (4) "Hotsa'a Lapoal" is the bailiffs office for judgment debt collection. (5) The Traffic Court deals with all traffic offenses. (6) The Court of Local Issues deals with all offenses prosecuted by local authorities (parking tickets, planning violations etc.).
525:
assessing the reasonableness of decisions made by the government, including those by the Prime
Minister and other ministers. The majority ruling granted the High Court the authority to annul Basic Laws and intervene in extreme and exceptional cases where the Knesset exceeds its foundational authority. This decision sparked wide public and political reactions, with significant implications for Israel's democratic framework and the balance of power between its branches of government.
517:, granting the government control over judicial appointments and limiting the authority of government legal advisors. If adopted, the reform would grant the Knesset the power to override Supreme Court rulings by a majority of 61 or more votes, diminish the ability of the court to conduct judicial review of legislation and of administrative action, prohibit the court from ruling on the constitutionality of basic laws, and change the makeup of the
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406:) mostly hears appeals from the District Court but also sits as the High Court of Justice (Bagatz), with the authority to review petitions against state authorities, other bodies, or individuals holding public positions. It can adjudicate on any matter it deems necessary for justice, especially those outside the jurisdiction of other courts or tribunals.
460:) of the Jewish Rabbinical Courts are all Orthodox rabbis. The Family Court holds parallel authority over matters incidental to divorce, such as property distribution and child custody, enabling both the family and rabbinical courts to address these issues, contingent on the preferences of the couple or individual involved.
238:
of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or sex; it will guarantee freedom of religion, conscience, language, education and culture; it will safeguard the Holy Places of all religions; and it will be faithful to the principles of the
Charter of the United Nations.
413:) hears all cases where the parties are employer and employee, all cases against the National Insurance Institute and some other socially oriented matters. it is an independent system composed of five district tribunals (Jerusalem, Tel-Aviv, Haifa, South and North) and one national tribunal in Jerusalem (
237:
THE STATE OF ISRAEL will be open for Jewish immigration and for the
Ingathering of the Exiles; it will foster the development of the country for the benefit of all its inhabitants; it will be based on freedom, justice and peace as envisaged by the prophets of Israel; it will ensure complete equality
264:
The existing
British common law as used within Mandatory Palestine at the date of independence remained binding; however it became subject to modification by Israeli judges in developing case law and legislation passed by the Knesset. This reception of existing law was enabled the first legislative
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WE DECLARE that, with effect from the moment of the termination of the
Mandate being tonight, the eve of Sabbath, the 6th Iyar, 5708 (15th May, 1948), until the establishment of the elected, regular authorities of the State in accordance with the Constitution which shall be adopted by the Elected
524:
On
September 12, 2023, Israel's High Court of Justice (Bagatz) conducted a pivotal session to evaluate the "reasonableness clause." This session led to the annulment of a specific amendment to the Basic Law: The Judiciary. This amendment had previously stipulated that the Court was barred from
316:, together with leading jurists, has been laboring on a complete recodification of all laws pertaining to civil matters. This new proposed civil codex was introduced in 2006, but its adoption through legislation is expected to take many years, if not decades.
463:
The judges of the various courts are chosen by a committee comprising nine members: three
Supreme Court Judges, two government ministers (one is the Minister of Justice), two members of the Knesset (one from the opposition), and two representatives of the
261:, and the statutes enacted by the Knesset over the years, as well as the case law of this Court, clearly inform us that the identity of the State of Israel as a Jewish and democratic state cannot be questioned – not even by the constituent authority."
311:
During the 1960s there was a rush to codify much of the common law in areas of contracts and torts. The new laws blended common law, local case-law, and fresh ideas. In 1977 the
Knesset codified the penal code. Since the 1990s the
303:
Following independence the young State of Israel was eager to gain recognition in the international arena by joining international treaties and participating heavily in the negotiations of international treaties, e.g., the 1929
27:
367:, real estate ownership disputes, and specific issues determined by law. It has jurisdiction over most administrative cases and hears appeals from the Magistrate Court. There are six courts, one in each of
744:
246:. Instead, the declaration is seen as a outlining the principles of the Israeli state that are to be taken into account by judges when interpreting legislation or the common law. For example, in
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The
Israeli legal system is structured around three main levels of courts, operating in a hierarchical manner: the Magistrate Courts, the District Courts, and the Supreme Court.
247:
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so that a majority of its members are appointed by the government. The legislation is currently being considered by the
Knesset and the relevant committees.
363:) serves as the court of first instance in a wide range of cases, including serious criminal offenses, civil claims for amounts exceeding 2.5 million
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Christian community in Israel is not recognized; the Jewish community for this purpose does not include the non-Orthodox denominations,
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The core of Israeli law derives from the common law legal system established by the British in the territories they captured during the
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are sanctioned only by the local Religious Council, and divorces of Jews are handled exclusively by the Rabbinical Courts. The judges (
825:
433:
468:. The composition of the committee is slightly different when it chooses Labour Court Judges or judges of the religious tribunals.
296:, by documenting land ownership through a sequence of "block and lot entries" to manage and record land ownership. Many Turkish
242:
However, the declaration is not a constitution and the principles outlined have been held to not be legally binding directly by
233:
was signed, declaring the creation of the new State of Israel. This declaration includes a list of principles of the new state:
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There are also religious tribunals in Israel. Some specific legal matters in Israel (e.g., matters of personal status such as
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as part of the "Law and Administration Ordinance" published on 19 May 1948, four days after the Declaration of Independence.
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Israel's Declaration of Independence: the History and Political Theory of the Nation's Founding Moment
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The ABC of the OPT: A Legal Lexicon of the Israeli Control over the Occupied Palestinian Territory
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Rogachevsky, Neil; Zigler, Dov (2023). "The Laws of Israel and the Declaration of Independence".
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of 1918. This legal system was established by senior judicial officer,
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common law. The Israeli courts have been influenced in recent years by
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862:(Executive branch body responsible for the judicial branch of Israel)
452:. Each religious community has its own religious court. For example,
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still remain operational today, such as placing personal status and
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put forward by the current Israeli government, and spearheaded by
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Orna Ben-Naftali; Michael Sfard; Hedi Viterbo (10 May 2018).
651:"The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel"
375:(also has extra jurisdiction of extra territorial matters),
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in 1918. This legal system continued to operate during the
723:"Movement for Quality Government in Israel v. The Knesset"
472:
Current legislative proposals to alter the judicial system
257:
stated "In my view, the Declaration of Independence, the
583:
Constituent Assembly not later than the 1st October 1948
249:
Movement for Quality Government in Israel v. The Knesset
58:
sovereignty), as well as the legal systems of its major
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of Palestine (1917–20) and the civilian government of
97:
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judicial system and the balance of powers in Israel
31:
Israeli Supreme Court, 50th anniversary celebration
42:legal system, though it also reflects the diverse
609:"Features – A Guide to the Israeli Legal System"
352:) handles civil cases of less than 2.5 million
235:
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727:Versa Opinions of the Supreme Court of Israel
593:Slaughter, Anne-Marie. "The Real New Order,"
556:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
8:
767:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 52–.
505:'s Constitution, Law and Justice Committee,
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879:
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323:, large portions of Israeli law apply in
804:Jewish and Israeli Law – An Introduction
218:, which was practically the same as the
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486:is a proposed series of changes to the
62:. The Israeli legal system is based on
206:. This common-law system derived from
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745:Law and Administration Ordinance
327:and to Israeli residents in the
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288:. Also the Turks had adopted a
202:, as enacted through a British
192:British military administration
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546:Prevention of Infiltration Law
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685:. Cambridge, United Kingdom:
561:2023 Israeli judicial reform
519:Judicial Selection Committee
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46:of the territory of the
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721:(1 January 2024).
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365:shekels
354:shekels
292:-style
174:History
168:Germany
152:British
150:), and
140:Halakha
120:Mecelle
108:Knesset
95::
56:British
54:, then
52:Ottoman
44:history
1198:Taiwan
1133:Turkey
1098:Russia
1033:Kuwait
1013:Jordan
1003:Israel
963:Cyprus
948:Brunei
943:Bhutan
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666:28 May
446:Reform
430:Muslim
426:Jewish
251:(2024)
144:Sharia
134:) and
124:Hebrew
84:Hebrew
70:. The
1239:Macau
1158:Yemen
1118:Syria
1093:Qatar
1073:Nepal
1008:Japan
983:India
973:Egypt
958:China
620:7 May
381:Haifa
128:מג'לה
1078:Oman
1043:Laos
998:Iraq
993:Iran
769:ISBN
699:ISBN
668:2024
622:2017
614:LLRX
494:and
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1210:and
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