43:
275:. They founded their organization because they had expressed their opposition to the Union of Native Jews (UER) as early as 1923, calling for its transformation into a "general union" of loosely affiliated bodies. Against the position taken by pro-UER Transylvanians such as Miksa Klein, they advised in favor of
357:
in March 1944, his fellow
Zionists offered József Fischer to escape to Romania, but he refused. He attended that meeting of rabbis and congregation leaders in Budapest in March 1944, where the Nazi authorities decided to establish the
604:
Gidó, Attila: "Cadrele instituționale ale reprezentării intereselor politice evreiești din
Transilvania interbelică (Uniunea Națională a evreilor din Transilvania și Partidul Evreiesc)", in Vasile Ciobanu, Sorin Radu (eds.),
271:
Fischer was a founding member of the
Transylvanian Jewish National League (EZNSz/UNET), serving its president from 1923 to 1930. In this capacity, he was a close associate of Tivadar Fischer and
731:
706:
373:
Fischer was responsible for organizing life and order within the walls of the ghetto. According to witnesses, he was repeatedly beaten and abused during his operation by local
741:
314:. Its first conference elected Tivadar Fischer as party president, while József Fischer became leader of the party's Transylvanian branch. The Jewish Party took part in the
222:. Historian Attila Gidó writes that they were unrelated by blood, but united by their common defense of Orthodox Judaism; initially, József Fischer had been a critic of
433:
The United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945: Volume III: Camps and Ghettos under European Regimes Aligned with Nazi Germany
326:
campaign, in
February, Landau, alongside Tivadar and József Fischer, were unexpectedly barred by the government authorities from speaking at an electoral meeting in
214:) on 15 December 1887. According to one account, one of his brothers was Tivadar Fischer, co-founder of the Jewish Party. Allegedly they were sons of a rabbi from
310:, calling themselves segments of a "country-wide Jewish party". The Jewish Party (PER), a "unified party of Romanian Zionists" was established on 4 May 1931 in
42:
696:
701:
334:. Nevertheless, the Jewish Party took 2.26% and 5 seats, József Fischer was also re-elected. The party lost all parliamentary seats during the
726:
666:
628:
614:
599:
441:
736:
353:
in
September 1940. Both Tivadar Fischer and József Fischer remained on Hungarian territory, while their party was banned. Following the
226:, before being drawn into it by other Transylvanian activists, to become "one of Transylvanian Zionism's most important personalities".
298:, which won both Tivadar Fischer and József Fischer seats in the Assembly of Deputies. They coalesced into a "parliamentary club" with
486:
478:
354:
170:(15 December 1887 – 1952) was a Hungarian and Romanian lawyer and politician of Jewish ethnicity. He was a prominent leader of the
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394:
335:
323:
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246:
179:
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259:, a Hungarian-language Zionist Jewish periodical in Cluj, from 1919 to 1921. He was elected president of the
751:
330:; their attempt to address the Maramureș Jews from inside Talmud Tora Synagogue was also broken up by the
171:
139:
401:
in late June 1944. His mother and two brothers, however, were killed in
Auschwitz. Fischer emigrated to
346:
691:
686:
327:
52:
283:, "political culture" in the Fischers' constituency "was forged by their earlier experiences in the
402:
367:
350:
319:
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187:
48:
623:. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Institutului pentru Studierea Problemelor Minorităților Naționale, 2014.
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284:
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mission. He was among the 300 Jews for whom
Kastner obtained a reprieve from extermination at
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378:
276:
203:
331:
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175:
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279:, rejecting assimilation into the Romanian mainstream. As noted by political scientist
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245:(Cluj; present-day Cluj-Napoca, Romania) in 1913. Following the end of World War I and
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398:
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363:
272:
191:
25:
17:
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and won four seats in the
Assembly of Deputies. József Fischer gained a mandate in
242:
431:
397:(where he temporarily chaired a "committee" of exempted Jews), and subsequently
255:
238:
219:
303:
215:
647:
634:
Veszprémy, László Bernát (2021). "Kik vezették a vidéki zsidó tanácsokat? ".
311:
657:
Tanácstalanság. A zsidó vezetés
Magyarországon és a holokauszt, 1944–1945
229:
After taking his bar exam, he worked as a lawyer clerk at the law firm of
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in 1918–1920, Fischer remained in Transylvania, which became part of the
234:
183:
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223:
211:
115:
407:
129:
473:
Kinga Frojimovics, Géza Komoróczy, Viktoria Pusztai, Andrea Strbik,
430:
Megargee, Geoffrey P.; White, Joseph R.; Hecker, Mel (2018-04-21).
607:
Partide politice și minorități naționale din România în secolul XX
263:
congregation of Cluj in 1919. He held this position until 1944.
385:(or Rudolf Kastner), he took part in the organization of the
457:
455:
453:
370:, where József Fischer became president of the Judenrat.
349:, including Cluj, was ceded by Romania to Hungary in the
609:, Vol. IV, pp. 79–98. Sibiu: TechnoMedia, 2009.
47:
The Jewish Parliamentary Club in 1928. From the left:
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Două decenii. Evreii din Cluj în perioada interbelică
153:
145:
135:
123:
95:
90:
68:
33:
393:. They were instead transported by the Nazis to
506:Gidó (2009), pp. 86–87, 89; (2014), pp. 163–164
8:
732:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
182:from 1928 to 1933. He served as head of the
707:Romanian people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
178:. In this capacity, he was a member of the
742:Hungarian emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
475:Jewish Budapest: Monuments, Rites, History
411:) in the autumn of 1945. He died in 1952.
41:
30:
567:
546:
461:
436:. Indiana University Press. p. 348.
290:The EZNSz/UNET formed a cartel with the
661:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Jaffa Kiadó.
419:
202:József Fischer was born into a wealthy
558:Braham, pp. 36–37; Gidó (2014), p. 251
253:. He functioned as editor-in-chief of
218:, stranded in Romania upon the end of
524:Gidó (2009), pp. 87, 89–90. See also
7:
425:
423:
477:, p. 136. Budapest & New York:
70:Member of the Assembly of Deputies
14:
655:Veszprémy, László Bernát (2023).
526:Politics and Political Parties...
479:Central European University Press
399:allowed to leave for Switzerland
381:. Together with his son-in-law
697:People from Zakarpattia Oblast
336:1933 Romanian general election
324:1932 Romanian general election
316:1931 Romanian general election
296:1928 Romanian general election
247:dissolution of Austria-Hungary
1:
702:Jews from Carpathian Ruthenia
497:Gidó (2014), pp. 184–185, 192
727:Jewish Hungarian politicians
28:when mentioning individuals.
768:
737:Jewish councils in Hungary
592:Kluwer Academic Publishers
360:Jewish Council of Budapest
355:German invasion of Hungary
15:
161:
86:
75:
64:
40:
636:Múlt és Jövő (Új folyam)
588:Genocide and Retribution
537:Gidó (2014), pp. 90, 186
292:National Peasants' Party
210:(present-day Nove Selo,
114:(present-day Nove Selo,
24:. This article uses
16:The native form of this
747:Romanian Jews in Israel
294:(PNȚ) right before the
206:family in Tiszaújhely,
528:, p. 290; Eaton, p. 40
347:Northern Transylvania
172:Jewish National Party
180:Assembly of Deputies
584:Braham, Randolph L.
403:Mandatory Palestine
351:Second Vienna Award
237:. Fischer moved to
722:Transylvanian Jews
712:Hungarian Zionists
281:Randolph L. Braham
251:Kingdom of Romania
157:lawyer, politician
26:Western name order
717:Romanian Zionists
668:978-963-475-731-3
629:978-606-8377-28-5
615:978-606-8030-53-1
600:978-94-009-6689-5
549:, pp. 44–50.
443:978-0-253-02386-5
285:Hungarian Kingdom
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127:1952 (aged 64–65)
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638:(in Hungarian).
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379:Hungarian police
368:Kolozsvár Ghetto
366:established the
320:Maramureș County
277:communitarianism
267:Political career
188:Kolozsvár Ghetto
176:interwar Romania
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106:15 December 1887
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91:Personal details
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59:, József Fischer
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231:Vilmos Vázsonyi
208:Austria-Hungary
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136:Political party
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110:Austria-Hungary
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53:Tivadar Fischer
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642:(1): 101–117.
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619:Gidó, Attila:
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570:, p. 107.
568:Veszprémy 2021
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547:Veszprémy 2023
539:
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499:
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464:, p. 106.
462:Veszprémy 2021
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383:Rezső Kasztner
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168:József Fischer
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35:József Fischer
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22:Fischer József
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387:Kastner train
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364:Schutzstaffel
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342:The Holocaust
341:
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322:. During the
321:
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308:Michel Landau
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49:Michel Landau
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18:personal name
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377:men and the
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243:Transylvania
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140:Jewish Party
77:
21:
692:1952 deaths
687:1887 births
304:Bessarabian
300:Mayer Ebner
220:World War I
57:Mayer Ebner
681:Categories
415:References
261:Neolog Jew
216:Alba Iulia
198:Early life
154:Profession
102:1887-12-15
648:0864-8646
594:, 1983.
391:Auschwitz
312:Bucharest
239:Kolozsvár
82:1928–1933
78:In office
481:, 1999.
306:Zionist
302:and the
256:Új Kelet
235:Budapest
184:Judenrat
149:Erzsébet
146:Children
577:Sources
375:Gestapo
224:Zionism
212:Ukraine
190:during
116:Ukraine
665:
646:
627:
613:
598:
485:
440:
408:aliyah
362:. The
328:Sighet
130:Israel
663:ISBN
644:ISSN
625:ISBN
611:ISBN
596:ISBN
483:ISBN
438:ISBN
124:Died
96:Born
287:."
233:in
186:in
174:in
20:is
683::
640:32
586:,
452:^
422:^
338:.
241:,
194:.
55:,
51:,
671:.
650:.
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405:(
118:)
104:)
100:(
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