20:
269:
could charge between ¥50,000 ($ 450) and ¥300,000 ($ 2,600) for its services, which depend on a number of factors. These factors include: the amount of possessions, the distance, if it is a nocturnal move, if children are included, and if the client is evading
190:
had registered 82,000 missing persons, and 80,000 were found by the end of the year. In comparison, that same year, Britain had 300,000 calls to report a missing person, although it has about half of the population of Japan. Furthermore, a database of
124:
are thus potential outcomes. It can also spare the family the high costs that can be associated with suicide (e.g. debts, cleanup fees, and disruption-of-service fees in the context of platform jumpers).
745:
594:
698:[The disappeared of Japan in contemporary French-speaking literature About the Evaporés by Thomas B. Reverdy and the Japanese Eclipses by Eric Faye].
696:"Les disparus du Japon dans la littérature francophone contemporaine À propos des Evaporés de Thomas B. Reverdy et des Eclipses japonaises d'Eric Faye"
1913:
1221:
249:
is a way to just have a fresh start. When they disappear, they can abandon their former residences, jobs, families, names, and even appearances.
1948:
150:
started being used in the 1960s. At that time, it was used in the context of people who decided to escape unhappy marriages rather than endure
570:
1943:
738:
543:
242:, and difficult family situations. The shame of job loss, divorce, and even failing an exam can also motivate people to disappear.
182:
in regular conversation, like the topic of suicide. It has been estimated that 100,000 Japanese people disappear annually. However,
1842:
74:
who purposely vanish from their established lives without a trace. This phenomenon can be seen all over the world, such as the
265:, which means “fly-by-night shops”. These establishments are relatively accessible and have their own websites. One particular
921:
731:
360:
by German director
Andreas Hartmann and Arata Mori is interviewing people involved in the phenomenon, as well as the related
187:
641:
624:
328:
strongholds, since they have jobs that pay cash. Many times, especially in the setting of Japan's strict privacy laws, the
787:
769:
1837:
1226:
661:[Positioning the Concept of Missing : Focusing on the Recent Studies on Missing and Their Points of View].
1884:
1630:
815:
415:
513:
1953:
1801:
898:
778:
103:
155:
1625:
198:
The
Missing Persons Search Support Association of Japan, a non-profit dedicated to support families of the
337:
1874:
1809:
1442:
1041:
938:
1879:
1386:
598:
46:
485:
106:
in combination with the lack of familial and community support has contributed to the prevalence of
1576:
1231:
1171:
1108:
1064:
151:
57:
1819:
1248:
1185:
847:
838:
810:
576:
566:
223:
215:
38:
1596:
1557:
1348:
1081:
707:
680:
670:
135:
1470:
321:
is another neighborhood that it is possible to live without an ID and so is also favored.
293:
parlors and cheap hotel rooms, and other times, they can be found to have died by suicide.
1726:
1562:
1267:
1254:
1205:
1050:
792:
755:
271:
1673:
1616:
1534:
1451:
862:
796:
385:
379:
192:
87:
723:
1937:
1865:
1814:
1771:
1502:
1488:
1135:
880:
341:
75:
1889:
1236:
110:
in Japan. Furthermore, quitting a company is seen as shameful in
Japanese culture.
1090:
128:
Similar societal pressures have been theorized to contribute to the prevalence of
94:. However, it is likely more prevalent in Japan, given certain cultural factors.
1894:
1780:
1690:
1424:
1126:
929:
820:
222:, sexual impropriety, and desire for isolation. Sometimes, it is used to escape
83:
1678:
1493:
1415:
1276:
996:
373:
314:
239:
130:
1475:
1259:
580:
544:"Japan's 'evaporated people' have become an obsession for this French couple"
1899:
1828:
1717:
1548:
1433:
1153:
987:
978:
889:
306:
219:
163:
294:
1918:
1856:
1753:
1699:
1525:
1285:
1023:
912:
563:
The vanished: the "evaporated people" of Japan in stories and photographs
298:
290:
235:
227:
1904:
1847:
1762:
1745:
1736:
1644:
1483:
1395:
1366:
1196:
1072:
1014:
1005:
956:
947:
801:
685:
116:
111:
91:
1653:
1591:
1567:
1516:
1507:
1375:
1357:
1296:
1210:
1144:
1117:
1099:
903:
871:
829:
712:
695:
345:
325:
285:
Detective agencies are sometimes used to find people who have become
675:
658:
19:
1708:
1662:
1635:
1460:
1406:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1032:
649:
642:"Jouhatsu Part 2. Tracking Down Those Who Do Not Want to Be Found"
632:
318:
302:
202:, estimates hundreds of thousands of people go missing each year.
179:
79:
71:
18:
659:"[論説] 行方不明の概念をどのように位置づけるべきか --近年の行方不明研究の動向とその論点の整理を中心に--"
1543:
1162:
967:
278:. There are published guides that can help assist people become
231:
727:
186:
may be underreported in the official numbers. In 2015, Japan's
27:
disappear from their lives, often to escape shame from society.
274:. Sometimes, people disappear on their own without the aid of
348:
will not interfere unless there is a crime or accident.
1919:
1905:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1829:
1820:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1718:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1680:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1617:
1597:
1583:
1577:
1568:
1549:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1494:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1396:
1387:
1376:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1318:
1309:
1297:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1238:
1211:
1197:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
979:
969:
957:
948:
939:
930:
913:
904:
890:
881:
872:
863:
854:
848:
839:
830:
821:
802:
779:
770:
561:
Mauger, Léna; Remael, Stéphane; Phalen, Brian (2016).
486:"Japan's Missing People: On the Trail of the Johatsu"
16:
People in Japan who purposely vanish from their lives
1800:
1609:
1337:
1184:
1063:
762:
289:. Sometimes, people can be found spending time at
50:
309:, is reported to be a place of hiding for the
739:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
514:"The Johatsu: The Evaporated People of Japan"
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
8:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
447:
445:
443:
441:
439:
437:
435:
433:
431:
429:
625:"Jouhatsu. The Evaporating People of Japan"
1341:
746:
732:
724:
409:
407:
405:
403:
401:
711:
684:
674:
1914:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
416:"The companies that help people vanish"
397:
595:"Johatsu – Die sich in Luft auflösen"
166:lost their jobs or accumulated debt.
7:
694:Wellnitz, Philippe (13 April 2021).
305:that previously housed thousands of
214:for a number of reasons, including
414:Lufkin, Bryan (3 September 2020).
14:
542:Simone, Alina (25 April 2017).
257:The businesses that assist the
922:Light skin in Japanese culture
136:a relatively high suicide rate
1:
1949:Missing person cases in Japan
788:Blood type personality theory
754:Japanese social concepts and
512:Scull, J. C. (16 June 2020).
484:Hincks, Joseph (2 May 2017).
332:are unable to be found. Most
1838:Japanese blue collar workers
1920:
1906:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1830:
1821:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1681:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1618:
1598:
1584:
1578:
1569:
1550:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1495:
1462:
1453:
1444:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1397:
1388:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1319:
1310:
1298:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1239:
1212:
1198:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
970:
958:
949:
940:
931:
914:
905:
891:
882:
873:
864:
855:
849:
840:
831:
822:
803:
780:
771:
102:It has been theorized that
51:
1970:
1944:Japanese words and phrases
195:does not exist in Japan.
152:formal divorce proceedings
104:Japan's harsh work culture
1344:
899:Japanese political values
42:
657:中森, 弘樹 (27 March 2018).
646:The Perspective Magazine
629:The Perspective Magazine
344:is not easily accessed.
245:In some cases, becoming
156:Lost Decade of the 1990s
70:refers to the people in
1843:Japanese business terms
1815:Business card etiquette
1626:Japanese street fashion
700:Alternative Francophone
174:In Japan, the topic of
324:These communities are
188:National Police Agency
28:
1875:Labor unions in Japan
356:The 2024 documentary
22:
763:Sociocultural values
599:Bayerischer Rundfunk
162:and suicide as many
114:, working to death (
1880:Lifetime employment
1232:Japanese honorifics
1885:Management culture
1305:Sitting positions
548:The World from PRX
158:led to a spike in
29:
1931:
1930:
1796:
1795:
841:Hara hachi bun me
811:Celibacy syndrome
572:978-1-5107-0826-6
224:domestic violence
1961:
1954:Society of Japan
1923:
1909:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1833:
1824:
1785:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1684:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1621:
1601:
1599:Yamato nadeshiko
1587:
1581:
1572:
1558:Net cafe refugee
1553:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1498:
1479:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1400:
1391:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1342:
1322:
1313:
1301:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1242:
1227:Honorific speech
1222:Dining etiquette
1215:
1201:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
983:
973:
961:
952:
943:
934:
917:
908:
894:
885:
876:
867:
858:
852:
843:
834:
825:
806:
783:
774:
748:
741:
734:
725:
717:
715:
713:10.29173/af29428
690:
688:
678:
653:
636:
610:
609:
607:
606:
591:
585:
584:
558:
552:
551:
539:
522:
521:
509:
494:
493:
481:
424:
423:
411:
336:court cases are
120:), and becoming
63:
61:
54:
44:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1792:
1605:
1563:Parasite single
1473:
1338:Types of people
1333:
1327:Other positions
1257:
1206:Bowing in Japan
1189:
1180:
1059:
1053:Yamato-damashii
793:Brother complex
758:
752:
721:
693:
676:10.14989/230660
665:(in Japanese).
656:
639:
622:
619:
617:Further reading
614:
613:
604:
602:
593:
592:
588:
573:
560:
559:
555:
541:
540:
525:
511:
510:
497:
483:
482:
427:
413:
412:
399:
394:
370:
354:
272:debt collectors
255:
232:religious cults
208:
193:missing persons
172:
144:
100:
56:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1916:
1911:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1743:
1734:
1724:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1633:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1594:
1589:
1574:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1546:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1500:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1315:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1283:
1265:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
965:
964:
963:
954:
945:
936:
926:Mental states
924:
919:
910:
901:
896:
887:
878:
869:
865:Ichi-go ichi-e
860:
845:
836:
827:
818:
813:
808:
799:
797:Sister complex
790:
785:
776:
766:
764:
760:
759:
753:
751:
750:
743:
736:
728:
719:
718:
691:
654:
640:Zoll, Andrew.
637:
623:König, Carla.
618:
615:
612:
611:
586:
571:
553:
523:
495:
425:
396:
395:
393:
390:
389:
388:
386:Missing person
383:
380:A Man Vanishes
376:
369:
366:
353:
350:
254:
251:
210:People become
207:
204:
171:
168:
143:
140:
99:
96:
88:United Kingdom
62:"evaporation")
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1966:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:Black company
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1489:Herbivore men
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:Shinoukoushou
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1138:Mono no aware
1134:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1002:
1000:
995:
993:
991:
986:
984:
982:
977:
975:
974:
972:
966:
962:
960:
955:
953:
951:
946:
944:
942:
937:
935:
933:
928:
927:
925:
923:
920:
918:
916:
911:
909:
907:
902:
900:
897:
895:
893:
888:
886:
884:
883:Ishin-denshin
879:
877:
875:
870:
868:
866:
861:
859:
857:
851:
846:
844:
842:
837:
835:
833:
828:
826:
824:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
805:
800:
798:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
782:
777:
775:
773:
768:
767:
765:
761:
757:
749:
744:
742:
737:
735:
730:
729:
726:
722:
714:
709:
705:
702:(in French).
701:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
620:
616:
600:
596:
590:
587:
582:
578:
574:
568:
564:
557:
554:
549:
545:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
524:
519:
515:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
496:
491:
487:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
442:
440:
438:
436:
434:
432:
430:
426:
421:
417:
410:
408:
406:
404:
402:
398:
391:
387:
384:
382:
381:
377:
375:
372:
371:
367:
365:
363:
359:
351:
349:
347:
343:
342:personal data
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
268:
264:
260:
252:
250:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
205:
203:
201:
196:
194:
189:
185:
181:
177:
169:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
141:
139:
137:
133:
132:
126:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
105:
97:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
76:United States
73:
69:
68:
59:
53:
48:
40:
35:
34:
26:
21:
1890:Nenko system
1802:Work culture
1592:Yakuza ranks
1469:
1253:
1190:social norms
968:
720:
706:(9): 40–55.
703:
699:
666:
662:
645:
628:
603:. Retrieved
601:. 2024-03-07
589:
565:. Skyhorse.
562:
556:
547:
517:
489:
420:BBC Worklife
419:
378:
361:
357:
355:
333:
329:
323:
310:
307:day laborers
286:
284:
279:
275:
266:
262:
258:
256:
246:
244:
211:
209:
199:
197:
183:
175:
173:
159:
147:
145:
129:
127:
121:
115:
107:
101:
66:
65:
32:
31:
30:
24:
1895:Office lady
1693:Netto-uyoku
1610:Subcultures
1537:Kyōiku mama
1474: [
1258: [
1249:Gift-giving
686:2433/230660
669:: 191–206.
338:civil cases
261:are called
84:South Korea
1938:Categories
1868:Kyariaūman
1631:Genderless
1496:Hikikomori
1279:Giri choco
1065:Aesthetics
999:Omotenashi
605:2024-06-21
392:References
374:Hikikomori
364:services.
315:Kamagasaki
216:depression
206:Motivation
170:Prevalence
131:hikikomori
98:Background
1900:Salaryman
1831:Ho-Ren-Sō
1720:Akiba-kei
1551:Otokonoko
1436:Burakumin
1186:Etiquette
1156:Wabi-sabi
1093:Jo-ha-kyū
990:Nemawashi
981:Mottainai
892:Isagiyosa
581:936533868
518:Owlcation
362:yonige-ya
276:yonige-ya
267:yonige-ya
263:yonige-ya
240:employers
220:addiction
164:salarymen
146:The term
1921:Zaibatsu
1859:Keiretsu
1756:Shotacon
1730:moe zoku
1702:Omorashi
1619:Bōsōzoku
1528:Jouhatsu
1454:Chūnibyō
1427:Bishōnen
1026:Tsundoku
932:Fudōshin
915:Kotodama
823:Gekokujō
663:社会システム研究
368:See also
299:skid row
291:pachinko
253:Industry
236:stalkers
228:gambling
67:jouhatsu
39:Japanese
1907:Shinise
1850:Karoshi
1765:Reki-jo
1748:Lolicon
1739:Fujoshi
1727:Figure
1679:Visual
1647:Ganguro
1484:Freeter
1418:Bishōjo
1398:Sukeban
1369:Shizoku
1237:Manual
1199:Aizuchi
1017:Sontaku
1008:Shuhari
959:Zanshin
950:Shoshin
856:tatemae
804:Bushido
358:Johatsu
334:jōhatsu
330:jōhatsu
311:jōhatsu
287:jōhatsu
280:jōhatsu
259:jōhatsu
247:jōhatsu
212:jōhatsu
200:jōhatsu
184:jōhatsu
176:jōhatsu
160:jōhatsu
148:jōhatsu
142:History
122:jōhatsu
117:karoshi
112:Suicide
108:jōhatsu
92:Germany
52:jōhatsu
47:Hepburn
33:Jōhatsu
25:jōhatsu
1786:fandom
1674:Lolita
1656:Gyaruo
1579:Senpai
1570:Sensei
1519:Ikemen
1510:Iemoto
1445:Chikan
1389:Banchō
1378:Heimin
1360:Kazoku
1299:Kamiza
1213:Dogeza
1147:Shibui
1120:Miyabi
1102:Kawaii
941:Mushin
906:Kaizen
874:Ikigai
832:Hansei
756:values
579:
569:
346:Police
340:, and
326:yakuza
295:San'ya
230:debt,
154:. The
90:, and
86:, the
60:
1822:Haken
1711:Otaku
1665:Kogal
1638:Gyaru
1585:kōhai
1478:]
1471:Ebune
1463:Denpa
1409:Bijin
1320:Seiza
1311:Agura
1288:Ninjō
1262:]
1240:keigo
1174:Yūgen
1035:Ukiyo
850:Honne
650:Issuu
633:Issuu
352:Media
319:Osaka
303:Tokyo
180:taboo
80:China
72:Japan
1783:Yaoi
1774:Wota
1582:and
1544:NEET
1503:Idol
1270:Giri
1255:Gimu
1165:Yabo
1075:Ensō
971:Miai
853:and
816:Face
781:Amae
772:Aiki
577:OCLC
567:ISBN
490:Time
297:, a
134:and
58:lit.
23:The
1682:kei
1188:and
1129:Moe
1084:Iki
708:doi
681:hdl
671:doi
317:in
301:in
178:is
64:or
1940::
1752:/
1476:ja
1260:ja
1111:Ma
1044:Wa
795:/
679:.
667:21
648:.
644:.
631:.
627:.
597:.
575:.
546:.
526:^
516:.
498:^
488:.
428:^
418:.
400:^
313:.
282:.
238:,
234:,
226:,
218:,
138:.
82:,
78:,
55:,
49::
45:,
43:蒸発
41::
747:e
740:t
733:v
716:.
710::
704:2
689:.
683::
673::
652:.
635:.
608:.
583:.
550:.
520:.
492:.
422:.
37:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
