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method" and that, "as the issue was one of no material substance, but merely involves a matter of procedure for arriving at a result to which it is common cause between disputants
Germany is entitled", there was no possibility of South Africa going to war over the issue. Even after Hitler's belligerent speech on Berlin on the same day, proclaiming that he would still attack Czechoslovakia unless Prague settled its disputes with Poland and Hungary by 1 October 1938, Hertzog, in a telegram to te Water, wrote that he felt "very deeply that if after this a European war was still to take place the responsibility for that will not be placed upon the shoulders of Germany".
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introduced. Dairy farmers, for instance, were aided by a levy imposed on all butter sales, while an increase in import taxes protected farmers from international competition. Farmers also benefited from preferential railway tariffs and from the widening availability of loans from the Land Bank. The government also assisted farmers by guaranteeing prices for farm produce, while work colonies were established for those in need of social salvage. Secondary industries were established to improve employment opportunities, which did much to reduce white poverty and enabled many whites to join the ranks of both the semi-skilled and skilled labour force.
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15 September 1938, Hertzog presented the cabinet with a compromise plan that South Africa would declare neutrality in the event of war, but would be neutral in the most pro-British way possible. The cabinet was divided. Pirow favoured South Africa allying itself with
Germany to fight against Britain. On the other hand, Smuts favoured South Africa allying with Britain and going to war with Germany, and threatened to use his influence with the MPs loyal to himself to bring down the government if Hertzog did declare neutrality.
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that South Africa would not fight in any "unjust" wars, and that, if
Britain choose to go to war over the events in Czechoslovakia, then South Africa would remain neutral. On 22 March 1938, Hertzog sent Te Water a telegram stating that South Africa would not under any circumstances go to war with Germany in defence of Czechoslovakia, and stating that he regarded Eastern Europe as being rightfully in Germany's sphere of influence.
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709:, largely embraced Nazi values as his own, and, in reports to Pretoria, portrayed Germany as the victim of Jewish plots, arguing that the Nazis' discriminatory policies towards German Jews were only defensive measures. Though Hertzog did not share the anti-Semitism of Gie, the latter's dispatches portraying the Third Reich in a favourable light were used to support the prime minister's foreign policy preferences.
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power to force employers to give preference to whites when hiring workers, while the Mines and Works
Amendment Act (No. 25 of 1926) reinforced a colour bar in the mining industry, while excluding Indian miners from skilled jobs. In a sense, therefore, the discriminatory social and economic policies pursued by the Pact Government helped pave the way for the eventual establishment of the
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770:, that "the obstructive tactics of the Czech government were unwelcome to the British and Dominion governments". On 28 September 1938, Hertzog was able to get the cabinet to approve his policy of pro-British neutrality subject to parliamentary approval, adding that South Africa would only go to war if Germany attacked Britain first. Given his views, Hertzog very much approved of the
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705:, had a long-standing feud with Bodenstein, whom he accused of being an Anglophobe, writing in his reports to London that Bodenstein always presented the British position in the worst possible light to Hertzog, and noting with anxiety that Bodenstein's best friend was Emile Wiehle, the German consul in Cape Town. The Germanophile South African minister in Berlin,
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South Africa was concerned, Germany was in the right in demanding that mostly German-speaking
Sudetenland be allowed to join Germany, and Czechoslovakia and France was in the wrong, the first by refusing the German demands, and the second by having an alliance with Czechoslovakia that encouraged Prague to resist Berlin.
553:(pulmonary tuberculosis) was overhauled, and increased protection of white urban tenants against eviction was introduced at a time when housing was in short supply. The civil service was opened up to Afrikaners through the promotion of bilingualism, while a widening of the suffrage was effected, with the
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Angered at being outmaneuvered, Hertzog issued a press statement in
October 1941 in which he attacked "liberal capitalism" and the party system, while praising Nazism as in keeping with the traditions of the Afrikaners. He said Nazism was a system which simply had to be adapted to South African needs
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in
Germany's favour, and was pressuring France to abandon its alliance with Czechoslovakia, Hertzog stated his approval. On 14 September 1938, te Water complained to Lord Halifax about the "astonishing episode" of Britain drifting to war with Germany over the Sudetenland issue, stating that as far as
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A 4-metre-high statue of
Hertzog was erected in 1977 at the front lawns of the Union Building. The statue was taken down on 22 November 2013 and moved to a new location in the gardens. It was still in good condition, save for the removal of the spectacles that were originally included on the statue.
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In another letter in the spring of 1938, Hertzog noted that he was "exhausted" by France and wanted
Chamberlain to tell the French that the Commonwealth, and South Africa in particular, would be neutral if France went to war with Germany over a German attack on Czechoslovakia. When te Water reported
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laid down minimum wages for unskilled workers, although it excluded farm labourers, domestic servants, and public servants. It also established a Wage Board that regulated pay for certain kinds of work, regardless of racial background (although whites were the main beneficiaries of the legislation).
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On 19 September 1938, as a part of a peace plan to resolve the crisis, Britain offered to guarantee
Czechoslovakian territorial sovereignty if the latter agreed to allow the Sudetenland to join Germany, which led te Water to inform Lord Halifax that South Africa was utterly opposed to being part of
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In the middle of September 1938, when Britain was on the verge of war with Germany over the Sudetenland issue, Hertzog clashed in the cabinet with Smuts over the course of action that South Africa would pursue. The former favoured neutrality and the latter was for intervention on Britain's side. On
664:, and Native Affairs minister P.G.W. Grobler. Generally, the "inner cabinet" would meet in private and whatever decision they reached in their meetings would be presented to the cabinet to endorse with no discussion. Though Hertzog was not as pro-German as the faction led by Pirow, he tended to see
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in South Africa. A Civilised Labour Policy was pursued by the Pact Government, which involved replacing black workers with whites (typically impoverished Afrikaners), and which was enforced through three key pieces of legislation: the Industrial Conciliation Act No 11 of 1924, the Minimum Wages Act
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The Department of Social Welfare was established in 1937 as a separate government department to deal with social conditions. There was increased expenditure on education for both whites and Coloureds. Spending on Coloured education rose by 60%, which led to the number of Coloured children in school
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In his messages to te Water in the last days of September 1938, Hertzog consistently portrayed Czechoslovakia and France as the trouble-makers, and argued that Britain must do more to apply pressure on those two states for more concessions to Germany. Te Water and the Canadian high commissioner in
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in early 1938, Hertzog told him to tell the British that South Africa expected "immediacy, impartiality and sincerity" in resolving the disputes of Europe. Just what was meant by that was explained by Hertzog in a letter to the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain in March 1938, which stated
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had a belligerent foreign policy, it was only because the Treaty of Versailles was intolerably harsh towards Germany, and, if the international system was revised to take account of Germany's "legitimate" complaints against Versailles, then Hitler would become a moderate and reasonable statesman.
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The Industrial Conciliation Act (No 11 of 1924) created job reservation for whites while excluding blacks from membership of registered trade unions, which therefore prohibited the registration of black trade unions. The Minimum Wages Act (No. 27 of 1925) bestowed upon the Minister for Labour the
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An extension of worker's compensation was carried out, while improvements were made in the standards specified under a contemporary Factory Act, thus bringing the Act into line with international standards, in regard to the length of the working week and the employment of child labour. The law on
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that there was no possibility of South Africa taking part if Britain decided to go to war over the issue, and, in the ensuing crisis, South African diplomats took a very pro-German position, arguing that Germany was justified in violating the Treaty of Versailles by remilitarizing the Rhineland.
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in 1930 helped to stimulate economic progress, while the withdrawal of duties on imported raw materials for industrial use encouraged industrial development and created further employment opportunities, but that led to a higher cost of living. Various forms of assistance to agriculture were also
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As prime minister, Hertzog presided over the passage of a wide range of social and economic measures that did much to improve conditions for working-class whites. According to one historian, "the government of 1924, which combined Hertzog’s NP with the Labour Party, oversaw the foundations of an
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summit, Hitler rejected the Anglo-French plan for transferring the Sudetenland to Germany as insufficient, thus putting Europe on the brink of war. In a telegram to Chamberlain on 26 September 1938, Hertzog wrote that the differences between the Anglo-French and German positions were "mainly of
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Alongside that, Hertzog saw France as the main threat to peace in Europe, viewing the Treaty of Versailles as an unjust and vindictive peace treaty, and he argued the French were the principal trouble-makers in Europe by seeking to uphold the Versailles Treaty. Hertzog argued that, if
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were instead instated, a policy repeated in the attempts of the later Apartheid regime to disenfranchise all non-whites during the 1950s. Through the system of gradual disenfranchisement spanning half a century, the South African electorate was not made up entirely of whites until the
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Although the social and economic policies pursued by Hertzog and his ministers did much to improve social and economic conditions for whites, they did not benefit the majority of South Africans, who found themselves the targets of discriminatory labour laws that entrenched
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refused Hertzog's request to dissolve parliament and call a general election on the question. Hertzog resigned and his coalition partner Smuts became prime minister. Smuts led the country into war, and political re-alignments followed: Hertzog and his faction joined with
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gained self-government and Hertzog joined the cabinet as Attorney-General and Director of Education. His insistence that Dutch as well as English be taught in the schools aroused bitter opposition. He was appointed national Minister of Justice in the newly formed
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the guarantee, and advised Britain against promising one, through he later changed his position, saying that South Africa would "guarantee" Czechoslovakia if it was backed by the League of Nations, and if Germany signed a non-aggression pact with Czechoslovakia.
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In a statement of foreign policy principles for South Africa drawn up by Pirow for the cabinet in March 1938, the first principle was combating Communism, and the second was having Germany serve as the "bulwark against Bolshevism". In a message to
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minister of defence, with Hertzog occupying a middle position. Hertzog had an autocratic style of leadership, expecting the cabinet to approve his decisions rather than to discuss them and, as a consequence, the cabinet only met intermittently.
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of 1899–1902, he rose to the rank of general, becoming the assistant chief commandant of the military forces (Commando units) of the Orange Free State. Despite some military reverses, he gained renown as a resourceful leader of the Boer
609:. Property and education requirements for whites were abandoned in the same year, with those for non-whites being severely tightened, and, in 1936, blacks were completely taken off the common voters' roll. Separately elected
802:. However, Hertzog soon lost the support of Malan and his supporters when they rejected Hertzog's platform of equal rights between British South Africans and Afrikaners, prompting Hertzog to resign and retire from politics.
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growing by 30%. Grants for the blind and the disabled were introduced in 1936 and 1937 respectively, while unemployment benefits were introduced in 1937. That same year, the coverage of maintenance grants was extended.
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to Hertzog on 25 May 1938 that the British foreign secretary, Lord Halifax, had promised him that the British government was applying diplomatic pressure on Czechoslovakia to resolve the dispute over the
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On 4 September 1939, the United Party caucus revolted against Hertzog's stance of neutrality in World War II, causing Hertzog's government to lose a vote on the issue in parliament by 80 to 67.
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in favour of lessening the burdens imposed on Germany. Hertzog's cabinet in the 1930s was divided between a pro-British group led by the Anglophile Smuts, and a pro-German group led by
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Hertzog's principal adviser on foreign affairs was his external affairs state secretary, H.D.J. Bodenstein, an anti-British Afrikaner nationalist and a republican, who was seen as the
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557:. The pact also instituted "penny postage", automatic telephone exchanges, a cash-on-delivery postal service, and an experimental airmail service which was later made permanent.
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Fry, Michael Graham (1999). "Agents and structures: The dominions and the Czechoslovak crisis, September 1938". In Lukes, Igor; Goldstein, Erik (eds.).
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in 1914, Hertzog adopted a neutral stance towards the conflict. In the years following the war, he headed the opposition to the government of
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From 1934 onward, South Africa was dominated by an informal "inner cabinet" consisting of Hertzog, Smuts, Pirow, the Finance minister
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1069:""Not a Single White person should be allowed to go under": Swartgevaar and the Origins of South Africa's Welfare State, 1924-1929"
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Constitutionally, Hertzog was a republican, believing strongly in promoting the independence of the Union of South Africa from the
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of 30 September 1938, which he regarded as a "just" and "fair" resolution of the German-Czechoslovak dispute.
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London, Vincent Massey, in a joint note on behalf of South Africa and Canada to Lord Halifax, stated that Sir
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of South African politics. No other man had the same degree of influence on Hertzog as Bodenstein. Sir
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In foreign policy, Hertzog favoured a policy of distance from the British Empire and, as a lifelong
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De 'income'-bond, zijn rechtskarakter en de waarde zijner economische en juridische beginselen
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Hertzog had a law practice in Pretoria from 1892 until 1895, when he was appointed to the
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With South Africa then at peace, Hertzog entered politics as the chief organiser of the
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also received the pension, but the maximum for Coloureds was only 70% that of whites.
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culture and was determined to prevent Afrikaners from being excessively influenced by
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In 1941, Hertzog, who had resigned after South Africa, against his efforts, entered
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He is the only South African Prime Minister to have served under three monarchs:
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Album academicum van het Athenaeum Illustre en van de Universiteit van Amsterdam
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Smuts (furthest left) and Hertzog (furthest right) with their wives, circa 1934.
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The Old Age Pensions Act (1927) provided retirement benefits for white workers.
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An Economic History of South Africa: Conquest, Discrimination, and Development
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382:". Eventually, convinced of the futility of further bloodshed, he signed the
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Social assistance in South Africa : its potential impact on poverty
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led to a ministerial crisis. In 1913, Hertzog led the secession of the
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The Foreign Policy of Hitler's Germany Diplomatic Revolution in Europe
1377:"Pre-Apartheid Era Laws: Mines and Works Amendment Act No. 25 of 1926"
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No. 27 of 1925, and the Mines and Works Amendment Act no. 25 of 1926.
1315:"Pre-Apartheid Era Laws: Industrial Conciliation Act No 11 of 1924"
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for white women in 1930, thus strengthening the dominance of the
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1918:
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Fighting Poverty: Labour Markets and Inequality in South Africa
498:, with Hertzog as Prime Minister and leader of the new party.
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from 1924 to 1939. Hertzog advocated for the development of
866:"James Barry Munnik Hertzog - South African History Online"
2515:
Members of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK)
1346:"Pre-Apartheid Era Laws: Minimum Wages Act No. 27 of 1925"
1946:
Leaders of the (Parliamentary) Opposition in South Africa
937:(Doctoral thesis). Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam.
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as a "normal state" and as a potential ally, unlike the
291:(3 April 1866 – 21 November 1942), better known as
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South African Party (Union of South Africa) politicians
299:, was a South African politician and soldier. He was a
1473:. Vol. 10. London: Frank Cass. pp. 293–341.
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The statue was removed to make way for a 9-metre-high
1528:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 258.
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Hertzog died on 21 November 1942, at the age of 76.
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505:A Department of Labour was established, while the
1612:Regarding Muslims: From Slavery to Post-Apartheid
1550:"J.B.M. Hertzog - prime minister of South Africa"
2255:Note: Until the appointment of Louw in 1955 the
1469:The Munich Crisis, 1938: Prelude to World War II
1284:"South Africa's Pact Government of 1924 to 1933"
953:. Amsterdam: R.W.P. de Vries. 1913. p. 173.
2555:Members of the House of Assembly (South Africa)
378:who chose to continue fighting, the so-called "
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1930:
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672:, which Hertzog saw as a threat to the West.
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719:South African High Commissioner in London
703:British High Commissioner to South Africa
84:30 June 1924 – 5 September 1939
2530:United Party (South Africa) politicians
1581:"Hertzoggies – The Political Food Show"
1249:(PhD). University of the Western Cape.
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2500:South African people of German descent
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1494:
1260:
2535:Herenigde Nasionale Party politicians
1043:The Afrikaners: Biography of a People
895:Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies
891:"Pro-Nazi Subversion in South Africa"
593:as the second official language with
7:
2480:People from Wellington, Western Cape
1564:Madiba's statue to be unveiled today
1007:"The Pact Government administration"
884:
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685:in March 1936, Hertzog informed the
825:Supporters of Hertzog invented the
732:Fourth Cabinet of J. B. M. Hertzog
524:Second Cabinet of J. B. M. Hertzog
423:and anti-British section from the
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2550:Foreign ministers of South Africa
2545:Justice ministers of South Africa
1656:National Portrait Gallery, London
1109:Davenport, T. R. H. (June 1991).
628:Third Cabinet of J. B. M. Hertzog
601:in 1928. His government approved
466:First Cabinet of J. B. M. Hertzog
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798:, with Hertzog becoming the new
597:in 1925, as well as instating a
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2540:Prime ministers of South Africa
1115:. University of Toronto Press.
1067:Seekings, Jeremy (April 2006).
2570:University of Amsterdam alumni
2565:Stellenbosch University alumni
1720:Prime Minister of South Africa
1164:"F.H.P. Creswell - Ancestry24"
1142:. Cambridge University Press.
1112:South Africa: a modern history
585:. His government approved the
555:enfranchisement of white women
72:Prime Minister of South Africa
1:
2585:South African Queen's Counsel
2580:People of the Second Boer War
2575:Alumni of Paul Roos Gymnasium
2407:Post-apartheid (1994–present)
2212:Post-Apartheid (1994–present)
1652:Portraits of J. B. M. Hertzog
753:On 23 September 1938, at the
726:Fourth government (1938–1939)
518:Second government (1929–1933)
342:Hertzog first studied law at
889:Furlong, Patrick J. (1988).
622:Third government (1933–1938)
460:First government (1924–1929)
1665:20th Century Press Archives
683:remilitarized the Rhineland
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2560:Orange Free State generals
2490:Anti–World War I activists
2259:was also foreign minister.
1522:Weinberg, Gerhard (1970).
729:
652:, the openly pro-Nazi and
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502:Afrikaner welfare state".
463:
354:. In 1889, he went to the
297:J. B. M. Hertzog
284:James Barry Munnik Hertzog
176:James Barry Munnik Hertzog
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1136:Feinstein, C. H. (2005).
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540:The establishment of the
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1881:Republic of South Africa
1735:Party political offices
964:Butler, Anthony (2017).
820:statue of Nelson Mandela
800:Leader of the Opposition
472:general election of 1924
307:who served as the third
115:Governors‑General
27:South African politician
2485:Cape Colony politicians
1703:Jacobus Wilhelmus Sauer
1585:The Political Food Show
1076:University of Cape Town
970:. Macmillan Education.
792:Purified National Party
490:with the South African
430:At the outbreak of the
369:High Court. During the
360:University of Amsterdam
259:University of Amsterdam
2495:Afrikaner nationalists
1375:Alistair Boddy-Evans.
1344:Alistair Boddy-Evans.
1313:Alistair Boddy-Evans.
1282:Alistair Boddy-Evans.
637:
611:Native Representatives
589:in 1931, and replaced
587:Statute of Westminster
537:
534:second Hertzog cabinet
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390:Early political career
1809:Union of South Africa
1647:at Wikimedia Commons
1046:. C. Hurst & Co.
844:, due to serving the
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616:1970 general election
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413:Union of South Africa
398:Botha government 1910
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384:Treaty of Vereeniging
338:Early life and career
313:Union of South Africa
127:The Earl of Clarendon
1190:. Juta and Company.
646:Treaty of Versailles
488:coalition government
244:Wilhelmina Neethling
40:The Right Honourable
2510:South African Nazis
2299:Minister of Justice
1689:Minister of Justice
1381:About.com Education
1350:About.com Education
1319:About.com Education
1288:About.com Education
1255:20.500.11892/101694
1240:Haarman, C (2000).
907:10.5070/F7161016956
699:William Henry Clark
480:South African Party
425:South African Party
408:Orange River Colony
358:to read law at the
303:general during the
122:The Earl of Athlone
1677:Political offices
1587:. 26 February 2016
806:under a dictator.
687:British government
638:
538:
457:
455:cover, 27 Apr 1925
404:Orangia Unie Party
400:
132:Sir Patrick Duncan
2457:
2456:
2265:
2264:
2144:Foreign ministers
2110:
2109:
1912:
1911:
1886:(under Apartheid)
1764:
1763:
1755:Succeeded by
1727:Succeeded by
1700:Succeeded by
1643:Media related to
1488:978-0-7146-4995-5
1197:978-1-919713-62-5
1149:978-0-521-85091-9
1122:978-0-8020-5940-6
1053:978-1-85065-714-9
1038:Giliomee, Hermann
977:978-1-137-37338-0
599:new national flag
367:Orange Free State
280:
279:
16:(Redirected from
2592:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2269:
2229:Nkoana-Mashabane
2137:
2130:
2123:
2114:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1916:
1894:Hendrik Verwoerd
1887:
1874:
1868:
1856:Hendrik Verwoerd
1819:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1767:
1710:Preceded by
1674:
1645:J. B. M. Hertzog
1642:
1627:
1626:
1607:Baderoon, Gabeba
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1577:
1571:
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1554:
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1546:
1540:
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1513:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1492:
1472:
1462:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1383:. Archived from
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1352:. Archived from
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1321:. Archived from
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1290:. Archived from
1279:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1258:
1248:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1216:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1170:on 13 July 2012.
1166:. Archived from
1160:
1154:
1153:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1106:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1085:on 26 April 2012
1084:
1078:. Archived from
1073:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1034:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1013:on 23 March 2005
1009:. Archived from
1003:
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955:
954:
945:
939:
938:
925:
919:
918:
886:
877:
876:
874:
872:
862:
810:Death and legacy
779:Governor-General
772:Munich Agreement
715:Charles te Water
603:women's suffrage
507:Wages Act (1925)
432:Maritz Rebellion
344:Victoria College
290:
272:
255:Victoria College
209:
206:21 November 1942
185:
183:
167:Personal details
155:
143:
82:
61:
51:
44:J. B. M. Hertzog
32:
21:
2600:
2599:
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2150:
2141:
2111:
2106:
2099:
1948:
1943:
1913:
1908:
1885:
1884:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1813:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1760:
1751:
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1696:
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1503:
1493:
1489:
1464:
1463:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1387:on 4 April 2015
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1356:on 3 April 2015
1343:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1325:on 3 April 2015
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1297:
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1294:on 3 April 2015
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929:Hertzog, J.B.M.
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888:
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567:white supremacy
526:
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406:. In 1907, the
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330:on the side of
321:British culture
305:Second Boer War
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1634:External links
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386:in May 1902.
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1987:
1976:
1966:
1899:John Vorster
1835:
1801:South Africa
1748:United Party
1745:
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1693:South Africa
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1611:
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1584:
1575:
1558:
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1517:
1468:
1389:. Retrieved
1385:the original
1380:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1354:the original
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1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1323:the original
1318:
1308:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:the original
1287:
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1223:. Retrieved
1218:
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1186:
1176:
1168:the original
1158:
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1087:. Retrieved
1080:the original
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1015:. Retrieved
1011:the original
966:
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933:
923:
898:
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869:. Retrieved
860:
846:year of 1936
831:
824:
816:
813:
804:
794:to form the
788:Daniel Malan
776:
768:Edvard Beneš
764:Basil Newton
760:
752:
748:
744:
735:
711:
707:Stefanus Gie
694:
692:
678:Adolf Hitler
674:
670:Soviet Union
666:Nazi Germany
662:N.C. Havenga
659:
654:anti-Semitic
650:Oswald Pirow
642:Germanophile
639:
610:
580:
572:
563:
559:
547:
539:
504:
500:
496:United Party
492:Labour Party
474:, Hertzog's
469:
450:
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364:
348:Stellenbosch
341:
328:World War II
325:
296:
292:
283:
281:
221:South Africa
208:(1942-11-21)
186:3 April 1866
154:Succeeded by
79:
29:
2475:1942 deaths
2470:1866 births
2090:Steenhuisen
2045:(1994–1996)
2038:Hartzenberg
1979:(1933–1934)
1904:P. W. Botha
1883:(1961–1984)
1846:D. F. Malan
1826:Louis Botha
1811:(1910–1961)
1263:cite thesis
838:Edward VIII
739:Sudetenland
442:Premiership
356:Netherlands
352:Cape Colony
197:Cape Colony
142:Preceded by
101:Edward VIII
2464:Categories
2393:Schlebusch
2033:Treurnicht
1818:from 1948)
1752:1934–1939
1724:1924–1939
1697:1910–1912
1089:8 December
1017:23 October
852:References
827:Hertzoggie
332:the Allies
250:Alma mater
193:Wellington
182:1866-04-03
2449:Nkadimeng
1841:Jan Smuts
1831:Jan Smuts
1816:Apartheid
1758:Jan Smuts
1741:New title
1729:Jan Smuts
1713:Jan Smuts
1683:New title
1507:ignored (
1497:cite book
915:0041-5715
842:George VI
595:Afrikaans
576:Apartheid
512:Coloureds
484:Jan Smuts
376:commandos
317:Afrikaner
265:Signature
217:Transvaal
189:Soetendal
158:Jan Smuts
147:Jan Smuts
106:George VI
80:In office
2424:Mabandla
2352:Lawrence
2188:Strijdom
2074:Mazibuko
2049:de Klerk
2023:Slabbert
1609:(2014).
1391:30 April
1360:30 April
1329:30 April
1298:30 April
1184:(2001).
1040:(2003).
931:(1892).
871:30 April
834:George V
551:phthisis
549:miners'
536:in 1929.
421:Old Boer
371:Boer War
282:General
231:National
213:Pretoria
96:George V
89:Monarchs
70:2nd
2439:Masutha
2398:Coetsee
2378:Vorster
2373:Erasmus
2317:Hertzog
2162:Hertzog
2105:*acting
2084:Lotriet
2079:Maimane
2069:Trollip
2003:Strauss
1988:Hertzog
1967:Hertzog
1957:Jameson
1814:(under
1667:of the
1663:in the
1654:at the
1591:22 July
1569:YouTube
1225:22 July
1219:ssa.gov
578:state.
470:In the
311:of the
37:General
2444:Lamola
2434:Radebe
2419:Maduna
2388:Kruger
2383:Pelser
2327:de Wet
2244:Lamola
2239:Pandor
2234:Sisulu
2198:Muller
2095:Hlophe
2043:vacant
2013:Cadman
2008:Graaff
1977:vacant
1962:Smartt
1619:
1532:
1485:
1221:. 2011
1194:
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1050:
974:
913:
840:, and
717:, the
701:, the
241:Spouse
235:United
2429:Surty
2368:Swart
2347:Steyn
2342:Smuts
2337:Pirow
2322:Sauer
2203:Botha
2183:Malan
2167:Smuts
2064:Botha
2028:Eglin
2018:Eglin
1998:Smuts
1993:Malan
1983:Malan
1972:Smuts
1247:(PDF)
1215:(PDF)
1083:(PDF)
1072:(PDF)
901:(1).
591:Dutch
2414:Omar
2332:Roos
2193:Louw
2059:Leon
1617:ISBN
1593:2016
1530:ISBN
1509:help
1483:ISBN
1393:2015
1362:2015
1331:2015
1300:2015
1269:link
1227:2018
1192:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1117:ISBN
1091:2011
1048:ISBN
1019:2011
972:ISBN
911:ISSN
873:2015
781:Sir
532:The
452:Time
301:Boer
295:or
203:Died
172:Born
2301:of
2219:Nzo
2146:of
1799:of
1691:of
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1567:on
1475:doi
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