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Kelso's research was a key to helping establish the equilibrium point theory of motor control originally postulated by Anatol
Feldman. Then, working with his students David Goodman and Dan Southard he demonstrated—using a pulsed light emitting diode technique long before the age of sophisticated computer assisted motion analysis—that the brain controls the complex, coordinated movements of the upper limbs by exploiting functional synergies, a notion originally put forth by the Russian physiologist and cybernetician Nicolai Bernstein. Further work at Haskins Labs using a combination of novel perturbation techniques, kinematic and intramuscular recordings discovered that the control and coordination of complex speech gestures was also based on functional synergies or coordination structures. In asking how synergies might be formed in motor systems Kelso turned from Sherringtonian neurophysiology to theories of self-organization in particular the fledgling interdisciplinary field of synergetics founded by Hermann Haken. At that time, the dominant understanding of animated movement was that behavior is determined by a "central program", a prearranged set of instructions that prescribe how a set of biomechanical components should behave. In contrast, Kelso showed experimentally that behavior can also emerge in a self-organizing way, as a result of highly nonlinear interactions among many interconnected elements. His experiments were the first to demonstrate the existence of
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brains of pairs of humans, as they perform coordinated hand movements. Remarkably, Kelso's team has identified signatures in the brain that correspond to whether humans coordinate together or act independently. In another line of research, Kelso and colleagues have created a novel way to understand the real time interaction between a human and a machine, called
Virtual Partner Interaction (VPI). In VPI, humans coordinate with a virtual partner whose behavior is driven by a computerized version of the HKB equations, known to govern basic forms of human coordination. VPI is a principled approach to human-machine interaction and may open up new ways to understand how humans interact with human-like machines.
424:-based scientific theory of how contraries can be reconciled based on Kelso's theory of metastable coordination dynamics. The essence of the theory is that the human brain is capable of displaying two apparently contradictory, mutually exclusive behaviors – integration and segregation – at the same time. Kelso and Engstrøm use the tilde, or squiggle (~), as the symbol for reconciled complementary pairs (e.g. body~mind, nature~nurture). The squiggle exposes a basic truth: both complementary aspects and their dynamics are needed for an exhaustive description and understanding of the complex phenomena and systems in life, mind, society and nature.
420:(MIT Press, 2006). This book attempts to reconcile what it calls "the philosophy of complementary pairs" with the science of coordination dynamics. Pairs of opposites are found everywhere in nature and in science (e.g. cooperation and competition, integration and segregation, individual and collective, self and other, body and mind, nature and nurture, etc. etc.). Kelso and Engstrøm argue that these pairs are not mutually exclusive, but complementary. They propose a comprehensive,
406:(MIT Press, 1995) summarizes the first 20 years of his theoretical and experimental work on coordination, and argues that the creation and evolution of patterned behavior at all levels—from neurons to mind—is governed by the dynamical processes of self-organization. The book is written for the general reader, and uses simple experimental examples and illustrations to convey essential concepts, strategies, and methods, with a minimum of mathematics.
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governs brain activity and human behavior." For example, on the basis of recordings and analysis of human brain activity Viktor Jirsa and Armin Fuchs along with Kelso were able to derive the HKB equations of coordination at the behavioral level from a more realistic anatomical and physiological model of the underlying neural substrate
332:—sudden and spontaneous shifts from one coordinated state to another as a parameter is continuously varied. Phase transitions are a basic mechanism of self-organization in nature and Kelso's experiments, which have been replicated many times, were the first to show them in the coordinated movements of human beings.
219:’s National Training Program in Complex Systems and Brain Sciences at Florida Atlantic University between 1987 and 2005. Working with the FAU Administration and the Chancellor's office of the State University System, Kelso helped establish the Center's PhD Degree in Complex Systems and Brain Sciences.
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In 1985 he founded the Center for
Complex Systems and Brain Sciences at Florida Atlantic University, an interdisciplinary research center that includes neuroscientists, applied mathematicians, physicists, psychologists and computer scientists housed in the same physical facility, working together on
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to record BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level
Dependent) activation in brain regions. This work showed that mathematical forms observable in the coordinated movement of the hands (such as phase transitions), were also observable in images of brain activity. Or as Kelso puts it, "the same coordination dynamics
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Kelso's early work used nerve block techniques to cut off sensory input from the limbs in humans. His experiments showed that even without conscious awareness of limb position, humans could move accurately to desired locations in space. Along with work conducted by Polit and Bizzi on monkeys at MIT
319:. This concept has seen a growing interest among theoretical and computational neuroscientists, since it provides a mathematical formalization for the idea that the individual parts of the brain can on the one hand be specialized and segregated yet on the other hand function as an integrated whole.
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between individual coordinating elements The HKB model explained and predicted experimental observations such as "critical slowing down", and "enhanced fluctuations" associated with instability and dramatic changes in coordination. Later extensions of HKB accommodated the effects of noise, broken
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Kelso's current work focuses on whether the same principles and mechanisms of coordination dynamics apply also to human brains working together in social settings. Using large electrode arrays now available in the field of electroencephalography (EEG), he and his co-workers have been imaging the
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Kelso has held visiting professorships in France, Germany, Russia and (currently) Ireland. He has also lectured extensively in the U.S.A. and abroad. He has received many honors and awards for his scientific research. In 2007, he was named Pierre de Fermat
Laureate. In 2017 he was admitted as a
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Kelso, J.A.S. (1973). The nerve compression block as a determiner of behavioral and neurological parameters. (M.S. Thesis, University of
Wisconsin, 1973). University of Oregon: Microform Publications, BR295, 152 234. Kelso, J.A.S., Stelmach, G.E., & Wanamaker, W.M. (1974) Behavioral and
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behavior in complex, multi-degree-of-freedom systems can be derived from relatively simple, but nonlinear mathematical laws. For a review of this work see Kelso et al. (1987) and Schöner and Kelso (1988) In particular, Kelso developed a mathematical model in collaboration with the eminent
281:. Coordination dynamics is an empirical and conceptual framework that tries to explain how patterns of coordination form, persist, adapt and change. The insights of coordination dynamics have been applied to predict behavior in different kinds of systems at different levels of analysis.
230:, the Scientific Research Society, from 1995 to 1999. He is a Member of the Scientific Board of the Plexus Institute, the World Council of the Einstein Institutes and the Advisory Board of the Intelligent Systems Research Center at the University of Ulster Magee Campus.
413:(Springer, 2004). Kelso is also the Founding Editor for the Springer series on "Understanding Complex Systems" and has served on the Editorial Boards of 10 scientific journals/periodicals in various disciplines.
126:), a mathematical formulation that quantitatively describes and predicts how elementary forms of coordinated behavior arise and change adaptively as a result of nonlinear interactions among components.
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Kelso, J.A.S., Tuller, B., Bateson, E. V., & Fowler, C.A. (1984). Functionally specific articulatory cooperation following jaw perturbations during speech: Evidence for coordinative structures.
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Including the
Distinguished Scholar Scientist Award from the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (1999) the senior scientist and MERIT Awards from the
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symmetry, multiple interacting heterogeneous components, recruitment-annihilation processes, parametric stabilization, and the role of changing environments on coordination
799:, 10, 2019–2045. Kelso, J.A.S., Fuchs, A., & Jirsa, V.K. (1999). Traversing scales of brain and behavioral organization. I. Concepts and experiments. In C. Uhl (Ed.),
111:, the science of coordination and on fundamental mechanisms underlying voluntary movements and their relation to the large-scale coordination dynamics of the human brain.
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vol. 169, pp. 134–144. Jantzen, K.J., Steinberg, F.L., & Kelso, J.A.S. (2008) Coordination dynamics of large scale neural circuitry underlying sensorimotor behavior.
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common problems of complex, biological systems ranging from molecules to minds. Kelso leads a team of researchers in the Center's Human Brain and
Behavior Laboratory.
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Kelso, J.A.S., Fuchs, A., Holroyd, T., Lancaster, R., Cheyne, D., & Weinberg, H. (1998) Dynamic cortical activity in the human brain reveals motor equivalence.
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Kelso, J.A.S., DeGuzman, G.C., Reveley, C., & Tognoli, E. (2009). Virtual
Partner Interaction (VPI): Exploring novel behaviors via coordination dynamics.
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For recent review see Kelso, J.A.S. (2009). Coordination
Dynamics. In R.A. Meyers (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science, Springer: Heidelberg.
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For example see Oullier, O., DeGuzman, G.C., Jantzen, K.J., Lagarde, J., & Kelso, J.A.S. (2008) Social coordination dynamics: Measuring human bonding.
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vol. 239, pp. 1513–1520; J.A.S. Kelso, et al. (1987), " Phase-locked modes, phase transitions and component oscillators in coordinated biological motion."
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Haken, H., Kelso, J. A. S., & Bunz, H. (1985). A theoretical model of phase transitions in human hand movements. Biological Cybernetics, 51, 347–356.
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Over the last 30 years or so, along with colleagues working in laboratories around the world, he has participated in an interdisciplinary science called
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vol. 114, pp. 843–862. Kelso, J.A.S. & Tognoli, E. (2007) Toward a complementary neuroscience: Metastable coordination dynamics of the brain. In
304:– such as anticipation, intention, attention, decision-making and learning. The principal claim of coordination dynamics is that the coordination of
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in the brain and the coordinated actions of people and animals are linked by virtue of sharing a common mathematical or dynamical structure.
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Research Award from the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1990). He is an elected Fellow of the American Psychological Association (1986),
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795:, 11, 359–369. Jirsa, V. K., Fuchs, A., & Kelso, J.A.S. (1998) Connecting cortical and behavioral dynamics: Bimanual coordination.
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See for example Andrew and Alexander Fingelkurts (2004), "Making complexity simpler: multivariability and metastability in the brain."
824:+ Tognoli, E., Lagarde, J., DeGuzman, G.C., & Kelso, J.A.S. (2007) The phi complex as a neuromarker of human social coordination.
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Fuchs, A., Jirsa, V.K., & Kelso, J.A.S. (2000). Theory of the relation between human brain activity (MEG) and hand movements.
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See for example Kelso, J.A.S., Southard, D., & Goodman, D. (1979). On the nature of human interlimb coordination.
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Coordination dynamics is grounded in the concepts of synergetics and the mathematical tools of dynamical systems (see
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Synergetics: Nonequilibrium phase transitions and self-organization in physics, chemistry and biology
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tools to gather information about the structure and function of the brain during real-time behavior.
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250:— singly and together) coordinate behavior. Kelso and his research team currently use non-invasive
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G. Schöner and J.A. Kelso (1988), "Dynamic pattern generation in behavioral and neural systems."
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Subsequently, Kelso and his colleagues moved from the hand to the brain, using large arrays of
104:(FAU) in Boca Raton, Florida and The University of Ulster (Magee Campus) in Derry, N. Ireland.
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Kelso, J.A.S. (1984). Phase transitions and critical behavior in human bimanual coordination.
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For example, see JAS Kelso et al. (1992), "A phase transition in human brain and behavior."
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Kelso, J.A.S. (1977). Motor control mechanisms underlying human movement reproduction.
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Kelso's second full-length book, written with his former postdoc David A. Engstrøm, is
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Kelso, J.A.S. (2008). An essay on understanding the mind: The A.S. Iberall Lecture.
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658:, 203, 1029– 1031. Kelso, J.A.S. (2008). Synergies: Atoms of brain and behavior. In
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The nerve compression block as a determiner of behavioral and neurological parameters
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Polit, A., & Bizzi, E. (1978) Processes controlling arm movements in monkeys.
142:. He attended Foyle College (1958–1965), receiving his undergraduate education at
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Kelso and his colleagues later demonstrated that many of the complexities of
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Since 1985, Kelso has held the Glenwood and Martha Creech Eminent Scholar
292:). But coordination dynamics seeks to model specific properties of human
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The objective of Kelso's research is to understand how human beings (and
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in Science at Florida Atlantic University, where he is also Professor of
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American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative
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In 1995, Kelso co-directed the Summer School in Complex Systems at the
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His experimental research in the late 1970s and early 1980s led to the
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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
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Scott Kelso has published numerous articles and books. A selection:
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From 1976 to 1978 Kelso was assistant professor and director of The
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Dynamic Patterns : The Self-Organization of Brain and Behavior
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and Professor of Psychology and Biobehavioral Sciences (Unit of
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magnetometers to record the neuromagnetic activity of the brain
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Dynamic patterns: the self-organization of brain and behavior
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226:. He served as President of the South Florida chapter of
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neurological parameters of the nerve compression block.
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451:
The Development of movement control and coordination
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
801:Analysis of Neurophysiological Brain Functioning
557:Observer – Association for Psychological Science
100:, Biological Sciences and Biomedical Science at
826:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
962:Scholars and academics from County Londonderry
872:Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
664:A multidisciplinary approach to motor control
660:Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
8:
967:Health professionals from County Londonderry
603:Neurodynamics of Cognition and Consciousness
828:, 104, 8190–8195 (from the cover; see also
569:"18 New Members of the Royal Irish Academy"
539:Degree from the Republic of France and the
411:Coordination Dynamics: Issues and Trends
409:With Viktor Jirsa, Kelso edited the book
912:Alumni of Stranmillis University College
464:Coordination dynamics: issues and trends
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947:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
937:Neuroscientists from Northern Ireland
803:. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 73–89.
595:International Journal of Neuroscience
535:(2004) and the recipient (2001) of a
491:Haken–Kelso–Bunz model – Scholarpedia
444:Human motor behavior: an introduction
382:Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
7:
952:Alumni of Queen's University Belfast
215:. Kelso was Program Director of the
877:Human Brain and Behavior Laboratory
157:from 1971 to 1972. He obtained his
932:Members of the Royal Irish Academy
605:. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 39–60.
14:
755:Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
96:and Brain Sciences, Professor of
957:People educated at Foyle College
882:The Complementary Nature Website
402:Kelso's first full-length book,
286:nonlinear dynamic systems theory
163:University of Wisconsin, Madison
23:
927:Haskins Laboratories scientists
662:, Volume 629. (D. Sternad (Ed)
907:Academics of Ulster University
529:American Psychological Society
144:Stranmillis University College
134:Kelso was born in the city of
1:
523:(1997) and the Distinguished
521:National Institutes of Health
362:system of nonlinear relations
942:Scientists from Derry (city)
769:, accessed 4 February 2009.
149:from 1965 to 1969, and the
102:Florida Atlantic University
983:
922:Complex systems scientists
601:& L. Perlovsky (Eds.)
822:10.1080/17470910701563392
617:Journal of Motor Behavior
190:University of Connecticut
830:Scientific American Mind
666:). Springer, Heidelberg.
473:, with David A. Engstrøm
471:The complementary nature
418:The Complementary Nature
16:Northern Irish scientist
688:Haken, H. (1977/1983).
541:University of Toulouse
466:, with Viktor K. Jirsa
182:New Haven, Connecticut
917:American neurologists
856:Ecological Psychology
537:Docteur Honoris Causa
453:, with Jane E. Clark.
347:theoretical physicist
279:coordination dynamics
151:University of Calgary
109:coordination dynamics
478:Notes and references
311:Kelso has worked on
178:Haskins Laboratories
107:Kelso has worked on
54:improve this article
814:Social Neuroscience
722:vol. 35, pp. 79–87.
573:Royal Irish Academy
236:Royal Irish Academy
213:Biomedical Sciences
209:Biological Sciences
186:Behavioral Genetics
92:, and Professor of
58:independent sources
797:Neural Computation
705:, 15, R1000 R1004.
692:. Berlin, Springer
507:2007-09-23 at the
369:Brain imaging work
224:Santa Fe Institute
174:University of Iowa
172:Laboratory at the
751:Physics Letters A
632:, 201, 1235–1237.
342:coordinated motor
330:phase transitions
88:) is an American
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52:Please help
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897:1947 births
579:27 November
422:empirically
358:synergetics
356:theory and
290:synergetics
272:statistical
43:and may be
34:reads like
891:Categories
793:NeuroImage
323:Early work
205:Psychology
98:Psychology
336:HKB model
294:cognition
188:) at the
165:in 1975.
161:from the
130:Biography
116:HKB model
765:Note in
531:(1990),
505:Archived
228:Sigma Xi
56:and add
843:PLoSONE
716:Science
656:Science
630:Science
599:R.Kozma
306:neurons
155:Alberta
147:Belfast
122:–Kelso–
780:Nature
525:Alumni
469:2006.
462:2004.
456:1995.
449:1982.
442:1982.
436:1973.
300:, and
211:, and
398:Books
375:SQUID
354:laser
201:Chair
136:Derry
120:Haken
82:Derry
581:2021
380:and
288:and
264:fMRI
242:Work
217:NIMH
124:Bunz
818:doi
315:in
268:PET
260:MEG
256:EEG
192:.
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