180:
52:
307:
and mixing measured inside the Juan de Fuca
Channel may help explain the formerly mysterious productivity of the shores of Washington; coastal winds usually bring in some nutrients, but the numbers don’t add up: "Washington is several times more productive – has more
383:
would be an outstanding place to fish," observes
Matthew Alford, the oceanographer with the University of Washington's Applied Physics Laboratory. "People fish in Juan de Fuca Canyon pretty actively, and that’s probably no coincidence."
110:. The canyon is both narrow and deep and has sides that are steep. Over its 6-kilometre (3.7 mi) width at the rim it drops from 200 metres (660 ft) in depth to over 500 metres (1,600 ft) deep at the
199:, which separates the United States and Canada. The canyon is just less than 4 miles (6.4 km) wide and at least 450 yards (410 m) deep, that is, twice the depth of the surrounding
121:
over Juan de Fuca
Channel show the canyon consists of two distinct parts. The upper canyon is narrow, extending southwestward down the continental slope. This area has an average
335:
At 150 metres (500 ft) below the surface, water has flowed as fast as 0.40 metres per second (1.3 ft/s), showing mixing up to 1,000 times the normal rate in the
951:
946:
961:
941:
809:
21:
580:
908:
898:
918:
956:
324:
here are several times weaker. That’s been kind of a puzzle, for years," observes
Matthew Alford, an oceanographer with the
966:
866:"THE WASHINGTON AND OREGON MID-SHELF SILT DEPOSIT AND ITS RELATION TO THE LATE HOLOCENE COLUMBIA RIVER SEDIMENT BUDGET"
355:
forced up through the channel is rich in nutrients, which support the growth of marine plants, which then feed other
893:
682:
680:
329:
649:
Flow and mixing in Juan de Fuca Canyon, Washington (2014). "Flow and mixing in Juan de Fuca Canyon, Washington".
508:
325:
903:
688:
971:
936:
273:
411:
163:
toward the coast. Then well below the mixed layer, they end on the continental shelf. Different from other
368:
222:
87:
794:
436:
842:
406:
757:
722:
658:
613:
503:
748:
Allen, Susan E. (January 15, 2000). "On subinertial flow in submarine canyons: Effect of geometry".
604:
Allen, Susan E. (January 15, 2000). "On subinertial flow in submarine canyons' Effect of geometry".
546:
531:
461:
426:
421:
401:
339:. The flow is hydraulically-controlled, which means it flows smoothly over a shallow ridge just off
431:
416:
196:
107:
60:
816:
599:
597:
513:
456:
451:
713:
Carson, Bobb; McManus, Dean A. (1969). "Seismic reflection profiles across Juan de Fuca Canyon".
536:
523:
352:
207:
137:
136:
edge, with a gradient of only 7 metres per kilometre (37 ft/mi), terminating at the apex of
83:
64:
233:
sends a dense lower layer of ocean water towards land, while the upper layer flows out to sea.
574:
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864:
Wolf, Stephen C.; Nelson, Hans; Hamer, Michael R.; Dunhill, Gita; Phillips, R. Lawrence.
761:
726:
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662:
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815:. School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Archived from
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226:
164:
145:
865:
930:
348:
344:
340:
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285:
242:
122:
913:
689:"Submarine canyon flow feeds Strait of Juan de Fuca like an underwater Amazon River"
380:
211:
184:
904:
Submarine canyon flow feeds Strait of Juan de Fuca like an underwater Amazon River
210:
flows into Puget Sound than from all Earth's rivers combined, far bigger than the
488:
478:
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218:
160:
141:
99:
336:
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293:
269:
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36:
23:
734:
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Water surges up the channel, mixing at surprisingly high rates. The intense
289:
217:
2017 measurements show this canyon may supply most of the water coming into
179:
769:
670:
625:
265:
200:
397:
All of the following submarine canyons are near, headed north to south:
111:
778:
634:
364:
313:
152:
68:
132:
The lower part of the channel trends northwestward, parallel to the
188:
125:
of 17 metres per kilometre (90 ft/mi). It is there carved in
360:
321:
144:
and valley feature. Further, Nitinat Fan was constructed on the
98:
The Juan de Fuca
Channel is a submarine canyon running from the
55:
Map of Juan de Fuca Canyon, though not all is here visible. The
148:
at what is the presently the terminus of Juan de Fuca
Channel.
581:"Puget Sound's rich waters supplied by deep, turbulent canyon"
795:"Observations of Flow and Mixing in Juan de Fuca Canyon"
206:
For decades, it has been known that 20 to 30 times more
195:
The Juan de Fuca
Channel reaches to the opening of the
367:, both of which contribute to water conditions in the
183:
The Juan de Fuca
Channel carries more water than the
16:
Submarine channel off the shore of
Washington state
343:then on the other side forms a turbulent breaking
191:'s biggest river, by discharge volume of water.
264:. There is reason for this; the channel pulls
171:and continues into the Strait of Juan de Fuca
8:
129:or semi-consolidated material of the slope.
117:Along a 350-kilometre (220 mi) track,
777:
633:
280:) may explain why this canyon helps the
178:
50:
750:Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
606:Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
558:
245:, bringing deep Pacific water into the
214:. This flow is towards land, not away.
140:. The lower channel represents a small
952:Submarine canyons of the Pacific Ocean
241:Juan de Fuca Channel appears to be a
151:Most of the shelf break canyons from
94:The geography of Juan de Fuca Channel
7:
841:Steelquist, Robert (July 26, 2017).
167:, the Juan de Fuca Channel cuts the
909:Research on the Juan de Fuca Canyon
947:Geography of the Pacific Northwest
375:Fishing in the Juan de Fuca Canyon
14:
579:Hickey, Hannah (April 14, 2014).
155:and north cross only part of the
919:Article from the San Francisco
715:Journal of Geophysical Research
59:is visible, below it, and the
1:
962:Coastal and oceanic landforms
942:Currents of the Pacific Ocean
888:External links and references
86:state, United States and the
687:Gillies, Jeff (2014-04-23).
651:Geophysical Research Letters
810:"Coastal Submarine Canyons"
988:
330:Applied Physics Laboratory
691:. Environmental Wanderer
509:Cascadia Subduction Zone
393:Nearby submarine canyons
326:University of Washington
735:10.1029/JB074i004p01052
957:Strait of Juan de Fuca
379:"The location of this
369:Strait of Juan de Fuca
223:Strait of Juan de Fuca
192:
88:Strait of Juan de Fuca
72:
37:47.83333°N 125.50000°W
412:Father Charles Canyon
268:-rich water from the
182:
54:
967:Submarine topography
770:10.1029/1999JC900240
671:10.1002/2013GL058967
626:10.1029/1999JC900240
528:Juan de Fuca Channel
359:. The water is more
187:. And the Amazon is
76:Juan de Fuca Channel
63:, above it. East is
42:47.83333; -125.50000
793:MacCready, Parker.
762:2000JGR...105.1285A
727:1969JGR....74.1052C
663:2014GeoRL..41.1608A
618:2000JGR...105.1285A
519:Juan de Fuca Canyon
437:Juan de Fuca Trough
432:Juan de Fuca Canyon
197:Juan de Fuca Strait
159:, and cut from the
108:Juan de Fuca Strait
61:Juan de Fuca Strait
33: /
524:Juan de Fuca Plate
229:. The pattern of
193:
73:
822:on 27 August 2017
756:(C1): 1285–1297.
612:(C1): 1285–1297.
282:Pacific Northwest
231:water circulation
169:continental shelf
157:continental shelf
82:off the shore of
80:submarine channel
979:
899:A geography link
881:
880:
878:
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657:(5): 1608–1615.
646:
640:
639:
637:
601:
592:
591:
589:
587:
576:
499:Cascadia Channel
407:Clayoquot Canyon
288:support so many
119:seismic profiles
104:Vancouver Island
65:Washington state
48:
47:
45:
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542:Quileute Canyon
504:Cascadia Margin
475:
473:Local geography
447:Quinault Canyon
442:Quileute Canyon
395:
390:
377:
363:, and lower in
351:far above. The
255:
239:
225:, and Canada's
177:
165:aquatic canyons
102:, off southern
96:
57:Quinault Canyon
41:
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35:
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24:
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972:Marine geology
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937:Ocean currents
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547:Willapa Canyon
544:
539:
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532:Nitinat Canyon
529:
526:
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516:
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506:
501:
496:
494:Cascadia Basin
491:
486:
484:Astoria Canyon
481:
474:
471:
470:
469:
467:Astoria Canyon
464:
462:Willapa Canyon
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
427:Nitinat Canyon
424:
422:Barkely Canyon
419:
414:
409:
404:
402:Barkley Canyon
394:
391:
389:
386:
376:
373:
347:, mixing with
320:, and yet the
298:pods of whales
254:
251:
238:
235:
227:Georgia Strait
176:
173:
146:deep-sea floor
95:
92:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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914:More research
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844:
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808:B.M. Hickey.
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417:Loudon Canyon
415:
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387:
385:
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374:
372:
370:
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350:
349:surface water
346:
345:undersea wave
342:
341:Cape Flattery
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:phytoplankton
306:
301:
299:
295:
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287:
286:inland waters
283:
279:
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271:
267:
263:
260:has famously
259:
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175:Size and flow
174:
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875:27 September
873:. Retrieved
859:
847:. Retrieved
836:
824:. Retrieved
817:the original
803:
788:
753:
749:
743:
718:
714:
695:24 September
693:. Retrieved
654:
650:
644:
609:
605:
586:24 September
584:. Retrieved
518:
514:Grays Canyon
457:Guide Canyon
452:Grays Canyon
396:
378:
334:
302:
277:
274:measurements
256:
240:
216:
212:Amazon River
205:
194:
185:Amazon River
150:
131:
127:consolidated
116:
97:
75:
74:
18:
721:(4): 1052.
537:Nitinat Fan
489:Astoria Fan
479:Abyssal fan
357:marine life
294:salmon runs
258:Puget Sound
253:Life within
219:Puget Sound
161:shelf break
138:Nitinat fan
100:shelf break
40: /
28:125°30′00″W
931:Categories
843:"Seafloor"
779:2429/34540
635:2429/34540
553:References
353:deep water
337:deep ocean
318:California
278:as of 2017
270:deep ocean
262:rich water
247:Salish Sea
208:deep water
84:Washington
25:47°50′00″N
921:Chronicle
849:23 August
826:23 August
296:and even
290:shellfish
272:. Recent
71:is north.
894:One link
388:See also
266:nutrient
237:Its role
201:seafloor
123:gradient
758:Bibcode
723:Bibcode
659:Bibcode
614:Bibcode
312:– than
243:pathway
112:thalweg
871:. USGS
845:. NOAA
365:oxygen
361:acidic
314:Oregon
221:, the
153:Oregon
69:Canada
869:(PDF)
820:(PDF)
813:(PDF)
322:winds
189:Earth
134:shelf
78:is a
877:2017
851:2017
828:2017
697:2017
588:2017
381:sill
305:flow
774:hdl
766:doi
754:105
731:doi
667:doi
630:hdl
622:doi
610:105
328:'s
316:or
284:’s
142:fan
106:to
933::
772:.
764:.
752:.
729:.
719:74
717:.
705:^
679:^
665:.
655:41
653:.
628:.
620:.
608:.
596:^
561:^
371:.
332:.
300:.
292:,
249:.
203:.
114:.
90:.
67:;
879:.
853:.
830:.
797:.
782:.
776::
768::
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737:.
733::
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699:.
673:.
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638:.
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590:.
276:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
