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complex and intellectually demanding that they became the domain of men. "By the 1960s programing was split into more and less skilled specialties, and the entry of women into the computer field in the 1970s and 1980s was confined to the lower paid specialtiesâŠemployers invoked women and menâs purportedly natural capabilities for the jobs for which they were hired". This means women will do the more menial tasks, where men will shape the industry and control it. Lorber also describes how this has influenced young people; for example we see far more young men and boys playing computer games and getting involved in computer clubs. In this way we are furthering womenâs supposed natural disadvantage with computers by allowing boys to get more education and comfort with computers than girls.
452:
are 'female' and âmale and âwomenâ and 'men'". Moreover, Lorber points out that though the physiological differences of the sexes are there, each individual body does not always fit into its own category and "neither sex nor gender are pure categories". Lorber exemplifies this by separating the genders and discussing differences within the separate âfemaleâ and âmaleâ categories; she argues some women do not have ovaries and uteri, menopause differentiates menstruating women for those who do not, some men lactate, and some men cannot produce sperm. As she discusses the blurred lines surrounding individual bodies within their gender categories, she continues to exemplify the pre-determined social classifications surrounding gender in our society by using competitive sports.
245:âthe idea that in social interaction, people produce their identities and statuses, and at the same time, reproduce the structure and constraints of their social world. This perspective analyzes illnesses as social states in which norms and expectations for behavior will emerge from the interaction of patients and health-care workers with each other and with family members, friends, and co-workers. Lorberâs next research project (with Roberta Satow) was interviewing psychiatric residents, social workers, and indigenous paraprofessionals in a ghetto community mental health center on issues of cultural congruity with patients and the stratification of prestige and work assignments.
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what a vehicle can mean. She describes the importance of the mobility, literally and figuratively, given to women by driving. Feminists used driving "to campaign for womenâs suffrage in parts of the United States not served by public transportation and they effectively used motorcades and speaking from cars as campaign tactics". Lorber also describes the sense of liberation felt by many women when they first experienced driving, while participating in First World War efforts. This gendering of who a driver can be does limit womenâs options in the world more than we consider when we simply see the male in a couple taking the wheel.
472:
ways of comparison than the traditional sex differentiation that disregards the real issues of who is truly like whom. She argues that the problem of basing knowledge on presumptions of gender differences reaffirms the categorization of the âmaleâ versus 'female'. When relying on the conventional categorization of gender, one is able to find what they are looking for. Lorber states, "we see what we believe, whether it is that âfemaleâ and 'males' are essentially different or that 'women' and âmenâ are essentially the same.
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in competitive sports is made a mockery of and continually takes a "secondary status" to competitive male sports. Lorber uses the example of basketball to confirm her belief. She correlates the female secondary status to assumptions surrounding womenâs physiology. As well Lorber believes this assumption of physiology influences rules in women's sports, rules in sporting competitions, and how women are treated in sporting competitions.
408:
gender. In âCrossing
Borders and Erasing Boundaries: Paradoxes of Identity Politics,â published in Sociological Focus in 1999, she pulled apart racial and transgender categories. In fact, Judith Lorber has gone so far as to argue that we should imagine a social world that is not organized by gender. She explored this idea in âUsing Gender to Undo Gender: A Feminist Degendering Movement, â published in Feminist Theory in 2000.
302:(IVF), doctor-assisted conception. The research she conducted with Lakshmi Bandlamudi and Dorothy Greenfeld found that couples shaped their experiences through their behavior with clinic staff and other caretakers and with each other, creating meaning and some sense of control for themselves. Judith Lorber applied a
455:
In Lorberâs section of this
Chapter 3 headed âWhat Sports Illustrate,â she argues that the pre-determined societal beliefs surrounding gender have turned competitive sports into a way for men to legitimize aggression and create their masculine identity. Conversely, Lorber believes that the female sex
471:
Lorber finalizes her arguments discussing the paradoxes of human nature. She confirms, "gendered people do not emerge from physiology or hormones, but from the exigencies of the social order". Lorber points out that the diversity of humans could be categorized, regrouped and broken up into different
459:
However, Lorber connects these social barriers that continually separate the sexes in sports, with the economical barriers oppressing the female sex. She compares competitive sports to big businesses and therefore argues that they are no longer just a social construct but an economic, political, and
451:
In the text, Lorber discusses the social constructs built into our society differentiating the genders. Lorber argues that âbodies differ in many ways physiologically; but they are completely transformed by social practices to fit into the salient categories of a society, the most pervasive of which
364:
has been translated into
Italian and German and has influenced a generation of graduate students in the United States and other countries. The first chapter, âNight to His Day: The Social Construction of Gender,â has been widely anthologized, as has a paper based on the second chapter, âBelieving is
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encountered in their career advancement when compared to a matched sample of men physicians were the result of the processes of sponsorship and patronage in the informal organization of the medical profession. She thus expanded the analysis of the informal structure of the medical profession, which
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This pattern of male control over technology continues when it comes to cars. Lorber references the fact that in couples a man will almost always be the more frequent driver, regardless of aptitude. This may seem like an inconsequential example, but Lorber asks us to consider in different contexts
407:
Lorberâs current work is to go âbeyond.â In "Beyond the
Binaries: Depolarizing the Categories of Sex, Sexuality, and Gender," published in Sociological Inquiry in 1996, she argued that sociological data would be more accurate if it used more than the two polarized categories of sex, sexuality, and
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that establishes patterns of expectations for individuals, orders the social processes of everyday life, is built into the major social organizations of society, and is also an entity in and of itself. Lorber's theoretical approach to gender is masterful and unusual by mainstream empirical social
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to the growing use of IVF in male infertility, where the woman is fertile but the man isn't. This situation sets the stage for marital bargaining, in which the woman seemingly is in a strong position, but which turns out to the man's advantage because of his dominance in the gender politics of the
463:
Lorber continues to describe social boundaries set up by gender using technology; she brings up two examplesâcomputers and cars. When computers first came into use, office jobs involving them were given to women, as it appeared to be a clerical duty. It was not until computers were revealed to be
332:(SWS). As a hands-on editor, Judith Lorber shaped the papers, the linguistic style, and the emerging themes. The journal was (and still is) extremely successful and is the main source of SWSâs current finances. She and Susan Farrell edited the first Gender & Society reader,
554:
Feminist
Lectureship in 1992. She was invited to present her work at international sociology and womenâs studies conferences in China, Africa, South Korea, Australia, Canada, Israel, Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Germany, and Switzerland.
323:
Lorberâs feminism (and love of science fiction thinking) appeared in print as early as 1975 in "Beyond
Equality of the Sexes: The Question of the Children," followed by "Dismantling Noah's Ark" in 1986. In 1987, she became the Founding Editor of
256:
in 2002. The book shows that because gender is embedded in the economy, the family, politics, and the medical and legal systems, it is a major factor in the behavior of patients and health care professionals. She also co-authored
427:, the theme was "utopias." Judith Lorber gave an invited presentation at the opening plenary: "Gender Equality: Utopian and Realistic." She also presented an invited paper, "Toward a World Beyond Gender: A Utopian Vision," with
297:
One of the physicians that Lorber met in the course of her work on women physicians, Florence
Haseltine, set her on the road to her next research projectâon patient's experiences with one of the new procreative technologies â
365:
Seeing: Biology as
Ideology.â The book has impacted not only sociology, but also the fields of anthropology, history, social psychology, sociolinguistics, men's studies, culture studies, and even law.
447:
Judith Lorber is published in
Chapter 3 of "The Gendered Society Reader," an anthology edited by Michael S. Kimmel; Amy Aronson; and Amy Kaler, with a text titled "Believing Is Seeing: Biology as Ideology."
886:
Di
Stefano, Christine (1 January 1998). "Review of Feminist Theory Today: An Introduction to Second-Wave Feminism; Modern Feminist Thought: From the Second Wave to "Post-Feminism."; Paradoxes of Gender".
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in 1999. It is a collection of original essays in different areas of social research that have been changed by the use of gender as a conceptual framework. She co-edited the
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that organizes almost all areas of social life. Therefore, bodies and sexuality are genderedâbiology, physiology, and sexuality do not add up to gender, which is a
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Career Award in 1996 for "scholarly work that has enlarged the horizons of sociology to encompass fully the role of women in society." She was president of the
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at Brooklyn College and the graduate school, where she was the first coordinator of the women's studies certificate program in 1988â1991. She was chair of the
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and has played a vital role in the formation and transformation of gender studies. She has more recently called for a de-gendering of the social world.
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252:, was published in 1997 as part of the Gender Lens series. A second edition, which she co-authored with Lisa Jean Moore, was published by
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550:, and she has had two Eastern Sociological Society Lectureships (Maurice Falk in 1978 and 1981 and Robin Williams in 1996â1997) and the
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in 1996 âin recognition of scholarly work that has enlarged the horizons of sociology to encompass fully the role of women in society.â
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in 1994, contends that sex, sexuality, and gender are all socially constructed but that gender is the overarching categoryâa major
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281:, published in 1984, as well as a series of papers published from 1981 to 1987, was a logical combination of her feminism and
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until she retired from teaching in 1995. She lives in New York/NY. She is the sister of artist Stephen Lorber (born 1943).
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and Jessica Holden Sherwood. Recently, she has written and given presentations about the heroine of the popular
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puts together all the "beyond" ideas and asks us to imagine a world without gender. It was published in 2005 by
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in 2011. The overall perspective is that of the transformation of the body through gendered social practices.
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Men Who Hate Women and Women Who Kick Their Asses: Stieg Larsson's Millennium Trilogy in Feminist Perspective
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by writing her own book that has since then become a bible and mandatory reading in womenâs studies classes.
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Purkayastha, Bandana (1 April 2006). "Book Review: Breaking the Bowls: Degendering and Feminist Change".
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with Lisa Jean Moore. The first edition was published by Roxbury in 2007, and the second edition by
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Lorber, Judith (2011). Chapter 3 "Seeing Is Believing: Biology as Ideology," pages 11â18 in
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957:"Toward Gender Equality: The Promise of Paradoxes of Gender to Promote Structural Change"
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Lorber was invited and has given conference presentations in almost every state in the
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145:(born November 28, 1931) is professor emerita of sociology and womenâs studies at The
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was first published in 1998 by Roxbury and is now in its fifth edition, published by
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had been applied only to men physicians, to women, who were, at that point, entering
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She has held several international visiting professorships. In 1992â1993, she had a
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ideological issue developed by those who define and profit from competitive sports.
1290:"Prof. em. Dr. Judith Lorber â Marie-Jahoda-Gastprofessorin im Sommersemester 1997"
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Women Physicians: Careers, Status, and Power. New York and London: Tavistock,1984.
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New York, where she attended public elementary and high school. She graduated from
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L'Invenzione dei Sessi. (Trans. Vittorio Lingiardi). Milan: Il Saggiatore, 1995.
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from the early 1970s. She developed and taught some of the first courses in the
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Brush, Lisa D. (2006). "Breaking the Bowls: Degendering and Feminist Change".
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641:(co-editor with Susan A. Farrell). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 1991.
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608:(Trans. Hella Beister). Leverkusen, Germany: Leske & Budrich, 1999.
312:
1395:"Letter from the president Brooklyn College and Graduate School, CUNY"
79:
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Hertz, Rosanna (1 January 1995). "Review of Paradoxes of Gender".
531:. In the last few years, she has been a visiting professor at the
217:
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see co-authored articles out of this project under publications
625:(co-editor with Mary Evans and Kathy Davis). London: Sage, 2006.
348:
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Going under the knife: a study of the sick role in the hospital
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William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
688:
Gender and the Social Construction of Illness â Second Edition
1103:
Video of Lorber's opening lecture at ASA plenary 2012 Denver
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International Visiting Professorship of Feminist Studies at
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in 2012. It sums up the last 35 years of feminist thought.
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Crenshaw, Kimberlé Lorber, Judith van Parijs, Philippe.
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and Beth B. Hess). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 1999.
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in 2001â2002, Chair of the Sex and Gender Section of the
1316:"DR. Judith Lorber '08 gender symposium keynote speaker"
208:
in 1971. She started developing and teaching courses in
924:""Night to his Day": The Social Construction of Gender"
511:
and for research in Israel. She was guest professor at
602:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1994.
184:
sex and gender section in 1992â93 and was awarded the
248:
Judith Lorberâs last work on gender and health care,
1106:. American Sociological Association. Archived from
980:"Gender Inequality: Feminist Theories and Politics"
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Breaking the Bowls: Degendering and Feminist Change
369:
Gender Inequalities: Feminist Theories and Politics
339:By 1990, Lorber made a significant contribution to
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1529:Queens College, City University of New York alumni
1005:Lorber, Judith; Davis, Kathy; Evans, Mary (2006).
685:
596:). Walnut Creek, California: Altamira Press, 2002.
563:Lorber has published a number of books including:
578:Gender Inequality: Feminist Theories and Politics
410:Breaking the Bowls: Degendering and Social Change
768:Current Research on Occupations and Professions
539:and served as a Fulbright Senior Specialist at
241:The main perspective of Lorberâs work has been
568:Gendered Bodies: Feminist Perspectives, 2nd ed
535:, Germany, the Carl von Ossietzky University,
673:http://www.robertasatow.com/author.html#books
590:Gender and the Social Construction of Illness
250:Gender and the Social Construction of Illness
204:in 1952, and received an M.A. and Ph.D. from
8:
1032:Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews
623:Handbook of Gender Studies and Women Studies
279:Women Physicians: Careers, Status, and Power
202:Queens College, City University of New York
955:Andrea, Giampetro-Meyer (1 January 1994).
443:"Believing Is Seeing: Biology as Ideology"
18:
1469:21st-century American non-fiction writers
1459:20th-century American non-fiction writers
738:Elston, Mary Ann (1986). "Book Reviews".
713:Lorber, Judith; Moore, Lisa Jean (2007).
684:Lorber, Judith; Moore, Lisa Jean (2002).
379:, which she co-edited with Beth Hess and
285:. In it, she showed how the difficulties
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159:social construction of gender difference
131:Social construction of gender difference
1402:Eastern Sociological Society Newsletter
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1007:Handbook of Gender and Women's Studies
715:Gendered bodies: feminist perspectives
389:Handbook of Gender and Womenâs Studies
259:Gendered Bodies: Feminist Perspectives
1534:American academics of women's studies
7:
391:, published by Sage UK in 2006 with
157:. She is a foundational theorist of
1464:21st-century American women writers
1454:20th-century American women writers
435:trilogy â "The Gender Ambiguity of
1544:American women non-fiction writers
803:Lorber, Judith (1 December 1990).
14:
1429:Sociologists for Women in Society
806:The Social construction of gender
765:Lopata, Helena Z. (August 1991).
740:Sociology of Health & Illness
639:The Social Construction of Gender
580:, 5th Ed. New York: Oxford, 2012.
552:Sociologists for Women in Society
519:, in 1996. In 1997, she held the
498:Sociologists for Women in Society
494:American Sociological Association
482:American Sociological Association
421:American Sociological Association
334:The Social Construction of Gender
330:Sociologists for Women in Society
237:Gender, mental health and illness
166:Sociologists for Women in Society
1217:"Jessie Bernard ASA Major Award"
164:Lorber was actively involved in
1125:. Vanderbilt University Press.
328:, the official publication of
1393:Lorber, Judith (Summer 2001).
1264:"Past Presidents and Officers"
586:. New York: W.W. Norton, 2005.
403:"Toward a World Beyond Gender"
1:
835:American Journal of Sociology
618:Her co-edited works include:
439:: Third-wave Feminist Hero?"
1499:CUNY Graduate Center faculty
752:10.1111/1467-9566.ep11346518
490:Eastern Sociological Society
1484:American women sociologists
1188:Lorber (2011), pages 11â18.
1147:The Gendered Society Reader
480:Judith Lorber received the
155:City University of New York
111:City University of New York
1570:
1509:New York University alumni
1044:10.1177/009430610603500312
574:). New York: Oxford, 2011.
496:in 1993, and president of
476:Selected honors and awards
196:Judith Lorber was born in
1474:American feminist writers
1368:"Feminist Lecturer Award"
423:Annual Meetings, held in
136:
57:
1549:Brooklyn College faculty
1489:American women academics
1079:10.1177/0891243205285013
1514:Academics from Brooklyn
1206:Lorber (2011), page 18.
1197:Lorber (2011), page 17.
1170:Lorber (2011), page 13.
1158:Lorber (2011), page 12.
978:Lorber, Judith (1998).
507:Award for lecturing at
373:Oxford University Press
263:Oxford University Press
212:in 1972, and taught at
1539:Social constructionism
533:University of Dortmund
300:in vitro fertilization
277:, which culminated in
254:Rowman and Littlefield
1479:American sociologists
1348:on September 27, 2006
869:"The Gender Question"
809:. Sage Publications.
771:. JAI Press Limited.
336:, published in 1991.
1554:Medical sociologists
1519:Postmodern feminists
1121:King, Donna (2012).
1067:Gender & Society
326:Gender & Society
226:CUNY Graduate Center
186:Jessie Bernard Award
147:CUNY Graduate Center
103:CUNY Graduate Center
51:Jessie Bernard Award
16:American sociologist
1408:(2). Archived from
1239:"ESS Past Officers"
717:. Roxbury Pub. Co.
692:. Rowman Altamira.
600:Paradoxes of Gender
541:Bar Ilan University
509:Bar Ilan University
383:, was published by
360:science standards.
345:Paradoxes of Gender
243:social construction
206:New York University
170:sociology of gender
73:New York University
62:Academic background
1524:Poststructuralists
1504:Feminist theorists
1494:Critical theorists
1322:on January 4, 2013
629:Revisioning Gender
606:Gender-Paradoxien.
537:Oldenburg, Germany
377:Revisioning Gender
357:social institution
294:in large numbers.
214:Fordham University
1270:on April 15, 2013
1132:978-0-8265-1849-1
1016:978-0-7619-4390-7
936:on March 25, 2009
816:978-0-8039-3956-1
778:978-1-55938-236-6
724:978-1-933220-41-3
699:978-0-7591-0237-8
429:Barbara J. Risman
319:Feminist politics
304:feminist analysis
283:medical sociology
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922:Lorber, Judith.
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381:Myra Marx Ferree
287:women physicians
275:women physicians
269:Women physicians
222:Brooklyn College
151:Brooklyn College
107:Brooklyn College
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529:Bochum, Germany
525:Ruhr University
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347:, published by
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121:Womenâs studies
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23:Judith Lorber
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1410:the original
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1378:November 26,
1376:. Retrieved
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99:Institutions
89: (1971)
85:
1444:1931 births
513:Ă
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414:W.W. Norton
397:Kathy Davis
1438:Categories
1249:2012-11-06
746:(1): 100.
646:References
393:Mary Evans
68:Alma mater
35:1931-11-28
1087:144146811
1052:144868109
967:(1): 131.
659:"Faculty"
505:Fulbright
362:Paradoxes
192:Biography
1009:. SAGE.
792:HighBeam
570:. (with
309:feminist
224:and the
198:Brooklyn
909:3175205
855:2782284
313:ethical
220:and at
216:in the
153:of the
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425:Denver
176:, and
80:Thesis
53:(1996)
47:Awards
1413:(PDF)
1398:(PDF)
1083:S2CID
1048:S2CID
934:(PDF)
927:(PDF)
905:JSTOR
889:Signs
851:JSTOR
559:Books
218:Bronx
1380:2012
1354:2012
1328:2012
1302:2012
1276:2012
1225:2012
1127:ISBN
1011:ISBN
992:2012
942:2012
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773:ISBN
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694:ISBN
395:and
385:Sage
349:Yale
232:Work
149:and
105:and
29:Born
1075:doi
1040:doi
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484:âs
182:ASA
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