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Politics of Liechtenstein

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658:. Until 1989, 15 members represented the population of the two constituencies (six for the lowland area and nine for the highland area). Since 1989 the lowland constituency has been entitled to have 10 members and the highland area 15. The Landtag's main task is to discuss and adopt resolutions on constitutional proposals and draft government bills. It has the additional duties of giving its assent to important international treaties; of electing members of the government, judges, and board members of the Principality's institutions; setting the annual budget and approving taxes and other public charges; and supervising the administration of the state. The Landtag observes its rights and duties in the course of sessions of the whole Landtag and through the parliamentary commissions that it elects. All members of the Landtag exercise their mandates in addition to their normal professions or occupations. The 711:
performance when they received 35.2% of the vote, while the VU increased their vote share from 33.7%. Both the VU and FBP won ten seats, an increase from eight and nine respectively. The FBP and VU will be called upon to form a coalition to govern the country as they had before the election. With both parties tied on ten seats, it was not clear which party leader would be elected prime minister. The Independents saw their share fall from 18.4% to just 4.2% and failed to win a seat, a reduction of five on their 2017 result. The Free List received 12.9% of the vote, a moderate increase from their 12.7% in 2017, and kept their representation at three seats which made them the third-largest party in the Landtag. The new party, Democrats for Liechtenstein received 11.1% of the vote and won two seats.
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in person or delegates this function to a plenipotentiary. Some treaties under international law only become valid when they have been ratified by Parliament. On the basis of the names put forward by Parliament, the Prince nominates the government, district and high court judges, the judges of the Supreme Court, and the presidents and their deputies of the Constitutional Court and of the Administrative Court of Appeal. The Prince's other authorities include exercising the right to mitigate and commute punishments that have been imposed with legal force and the abolition — i.e., the dismissal — of investigations that have been initiated. All judgments are issued in the name of the Prince.
702:. Liechtenstein's distinctive form of coalition government came to an end in April 1997, when the Patriotic Union won an absolute majority of seats. It took sole responsibility for the government during the 1997 to 2001 Parliament, with its members filling all the positions on the government committee. Between 2001 and 2009, the Progressive Citizen's Party formed the government, winning an absolute majority in the 2001 elections and the most seats in the 2005 elections. The Patriotic Union once again won an absolute majority of seats in the February 2009 elections. Minority parties, as opposition parties, act as a check on the government in Parliament and on parliamentary commissions. 604: 568: 480:, as it expanded the powers of the monarchy (extending monarch's power of veto law, increasing his executive authority, and allowing him to dismiss the government, or any minister, at will). The Prince threatened that if the constitution failed, he would, among other things, convert some princely property for commercial use and move to Austria. The princely family and the Prince enjoy tremendous public support inside the nation, and the resolution passed with about 64% in favour. A proposal to revoke the Prince's veto powers was rejected by 76% of voters in a 631: 618:; namely, of colleagues collaborating with each other. The government consists of the head of government and four Councilors. The members of the government are proposed by the Parliament and are appointed by the Prince. Only men or women born in Liechtenstein, and who are eligible to be elected to Parliament, may be elected to the government committee. The two electoral areas of the country, the highlands and the lowlands, are entitled to at least two members of the government, and their respective deputies must come from the same area. 2222: 43: 736: 622:
be appointed by the Reigning Prince as the Deputy Prime Minister. If an individual Minister should lose the confidence of the Reigning Prince or of Parliament, the decision on the loss of the authority of the Minister to exercise his functions shall be taken by mutual agreement of the Reigning Prince and Parliament. Until a new Minister has been appointed, the official duties of the Minister shall be performed by the Minister's alternate.
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Parliament's duties, and such a committee must also be elected in the case of any adjournment or dissolution of Parliament. A "state committee" consists of the president of Parliament and four other members. The duties and working procedures of Parliament are laid down in the constitution and in Parliament's standing orders.
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The autonomy of the Liechtenstein communities is in the upper range compared to the other Central European states along with Switzerland. Despite their small size, the municipalities have complex forms in terms of their territorial extent: in addition to a main part, seven municipalities also include
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The Prince's involvement in legislation consists in a right to take initiatives in the form of government bills and in the right to veto parliamentary proposals. The Prince has the power to enact princely decrees. Emergency princely decrees are possible when the security and welfare of the country is
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According to the constitution, the cabinet shall consist of the Prime Minister and four other Ministers. The Prime Minister and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Reigning Prince with the agreement of Parliament and on its proposal. On the proposal of Parliament, one of the Ministers shall
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is the current head of state. His constitutional powers include the power to veto any legislation, to be used at his discretion, as well as the dissolution of the parliament (this may be subject to a referendum). He represents the state vis-à-vis foreign states. He signs international treaties either
465:, amending the 1921 constitution. The 1921 constitution had established Liechtenstein as a constitutional monarchy headed by the reigning prince of the Princely House of Liechtenstein; a parliamentary system had been established, although the reigning Prince retained substantial political authority. 662:
and his deputy are both elected at the opening meeting for the current year. The president convenes the individual meetings during the session, leads them, and represent the Landtag externally. During the parliamentary recess — normally from January to February/March — a "state committee" assumes
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Moreover, the people of Liechtenstein have very strong direct democratic rights. If called for by at least 1,000 citizens, a referendum on any law can be initiated. Referendums can suspend parliament or change the constitution, but at least 1500 citizens must vote affirmative, so referendums to
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The monarch is hereditary. Following legislative elections, the head of government is appointed by the prince and proposed and voted on by the parliament. Thus the government is usually composed of the members of the majority party. It is, however, also customary that the leader of the largest
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The VU and FBP both received 35.9% of the vote. The result was close between the top two parties with the VU initially reported to have received just 23 votes more than the FBP; in later results, the gap was marginally wider at 42 votes. The FBP result was a slight improvement on their 2017
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The political parties are in practice politically decisive and are the moving forces with regard to the composition of the government. In the 2001-05 legislature period of office, one Councillor and three deputies were women.
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The municipalities of Liechtenstein are divided between the two electoral districts of Unterland and Oberland. This division is historical; the Unterland depends on Schellenberg, the Oberland on the county of Vaduz.
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at stake. A countersignature by the head of government is, nevertheless, required. The Prince has the right to convene and adjourn parliament and, for serious reasons, to adjourn it for 3 months or to dissolve it.
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Amendment to the constitution or new law have to be adopted by Parliament, signed by both the Prince and the head of government, and published in the Principality's Law Gazette.
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In the sphere of administrative law there is also the Administrative Court, and in the sphere of constitutional law there is the State Court.
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suspend parliament or change the constitution fail if they have low turnout even if the required percentage of total voters is met.
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minority party in the Diet is appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch. According to the constitution of
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In August 2004, Prince Hans-Adam handed over the day-to-day running of the country to his son, Crown Prince
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in which political power is shared by the monarch and a democratically elected parliament. There is a
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The main part of the Judicial Branch of Liechtenstein is made up of the Supreme Court (
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Those in bold elected to the Landtag. Those in italics elected deputy Landtag members.
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proposed constitutional reform. The proposals were criticised by many, including the
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are entitled under the constitution to secede from the union by majority vote.
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in March 2003, nearly two-thirds of the electorate voted in support of
2004:"Liechtenstein set to become latest country to appoint a woman leader" 1923:"Liechtenstein election: Just 23 ballots separate two biggest parties" 2517: 1444: 1432: 1424: 1373:'Princely Higher Court'), and the Princely Court of Justice ( 1680:"IFES Election Guide – Election Profile for Liechtenstein – Results" 1620:"Liechtenstein referendum rejects curbs on royal powers - BBC News" 1812:
Principality of Liechtenstein website - Parliamentary Organization
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION)
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Principality of Liechtenstein website - Parliamenary elections
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The Government of Liechtenstein is based on the principle of
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BBC News Online, 16 March 2003. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
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Liechtenstein is a member of the following organizations:
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BBC News, 6 December 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
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is independent of the executive and the legislature.
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Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe
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Retrieved 29 December 2006. 1917: 1915: 1705:"Liechtenstein votes to keep prince's veto" 2540: 2526: 2518: 2422: 2366: 2271: 2235: 2118: 2104: 2096: 1758:Principality of Liechtenstein - Government 728: 706:Liechtenstein parliamentary election, 2021 677:List of political parties in Liechtenstein 395:is responsible to parliament. However the 358: 344: 28: 418:is vested in both the government and the 1732:Country profile: Liechtenstein - Leaders 1646:"The Reform of the Constitution in 2003" 1596:World Intellectual Property Organization 1494:International organization participation 954: 566: 491: 1611: 936: 923: 910: 897: 884: 880: 863: 31: 690:From 1938 to 1997 Liechtenstein had a 924: 911: 898: 885: 742: 7: 2001:Daragahi, Borzou (8 February 2021). 1781:. 27 November 2002 . pp. 22–23 1513:U.N. Economic Commission for Europe 375:is a principality governed under a 1984:"Landtagswahlen 2017 – Ergebnisse" 1895:"Landtagswahlen 2021 – Ergebnisse" 1663:"Liechtenstein Prince wins powers" 1523:International Atomic Energy Agency 1353:), the Princely Court of Appeals ( 25: 2076:"Oberland – Historisches Lexikon" 2054:. 1 February 2009. Archived from 1957:. 7 February 2021. Archived from 675:For other political parties, see 2220: 1633:Liechtenstein prince wins powers 1393:'Princely Land Court'). 734: 718:were cast, resulting in a 78.0% 391:in which the prime minister and 41: 2049:"Constitution of Liechtenstein" 2015:from the original on 2021-02-08 1552:International Olympic Committee 1518:European Free Trade Association 1472:Municipalities of Liechtenstein 1295: 1293: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1135: 1133: 983: 981: 979: 671:Political parties and elections 1: 1899:Principality of Liechtenstein 459:Constitution of Liechtenstein 457:The current iteration of the 426:and the liberal-conservative 2035:"Liechtenstein Court System" 1528:International Criminal Court 377:semi-constitutional monarchy 280:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 98:Hereditary Prince and Regent 1336:The courts of Liechtenstein 1104:Manuela Haldner-Schierscher 826:Democrats for Liechtenstein 784:Progressive Citizens' Party 700:Progressive Citizens' Party 652:proportional representation 635:Parliament of Liechtenstein 424:Progressive Citizens' Party 2971: 2177:Confederation of the Rhine 1333: 681:Elections in Liechtenstein 674: 18:Judiciary of Liechtenstein 2955:Politics of Liechtenstein 2484: 2425: 2369: 2274: 2238: 2218: 2197:1928 embezzlement scandal 1319: 1289: 1161: 1129: 957: 937: 933: 925:Registered voters/turnout 920: 907: 894: 881: 864: 754: 751: 748: 745: 733: 574:, Prince of Liechtenstein 506: 503: 500: 497: 231:List of general elections 34:Politics of Liechtenstein 1814:accessed 11 January 2010 1802:accessed 11 January 2010 1760:accessed 11 January 2010 1601:World Trade Organization 1400:Administrative divisions 660:President of the Landtag 647:Landtag of Liechtenstein 412:Cabinet of Liechtenstein 389:representative democracy 249:Administrative divisions 2080:historisches-lexikon.li 1384:Fürstliches Landgericht 1364:Fürstliches Obergericht 607:Government Building in 439:universal male suffrage 397:Prince of Liechtenstein 2598:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2294:and the European Union 1587:Universal Postal Union 1415: 1383: 1363: 1350: 637: 611: 575: 295:Diplomatic missions of 2061:on 27 December 2013. 633: 606: 570: 463:adopted in March 2003 445:in 1984, following a 437:The country replaced 2289:European microstates 2182:German Confederation 2157:Liechtenstein Castle 2063:Chapter I, Article 4 1351:Oberster Gerichtshof 1230:Gunilla Marxer-Kranz 1057:Dagmar Bühler-Nigsch 1023:Bettina Petzold-Mähr 692:coalition government 493:Main office-holders 410:is exercised by the 2841:States with limited 2549:Politics of Europe 899:Invalid/blank votes 730: 590:Prince Hans Adam II 494: 470:national referendum 447:national referendum 379:. 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1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1475: 1473: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1337: 1329: 1323: 1318: 1313:(1,054 votes) 1312: 1309: 1307:(1,694 votes) 1306: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1299: 1298: 1292: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1272: 1271:Sandra Fausch 1269: 1266: 1265:Patrick Risch 1263: 1262: 1261: 1257:(1,760 votes) 1256: 1255:Hubert Büchel 1253: 1251:(1,871 votes) 1250: 1247: 1245:(1,914 votes) 1244: 1241: 1239:(1,959 votes) 1238: 1235: 1233:(2,206 votes) 1232: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1221:(2,049 votes) 1220: 1219:Thomas Hasler 1217: 1215:(2,055 votes) 1214: 1211: 1209:(2,067 votes) 1208: 1205: 1203:(2,068 votes) 1202: 1199: 1197:(2,091 votes) 1196: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1155:(1,098 votes) 1154: 1153:Pascal Ospelt 1151: 1149:(1,686 votes) 1148: 1147: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1139: 1138: 1132: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1113:(1,492 votes) 1112: 1111:Nadine Gstöhl 1109: 1107:(1,597 votes) 1106: 1105: 1101: 1099:(1,757 votes) 1098: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1089:(3,051 votes) 1088: 1087:Markus Gstöhl 1085: 1083:(3,101 votes) 1082: 1079: 1077:(3,112 votes) 1076: 1073: 1071:(3,162 votes) 1070: 1067: 1065:(3,307 votes) 1064: 1061: 1059:(3,554 votes) 1058: 1055: 1053:(3,574 votes) 1052: 1049: 1047:(4,117 votes) 1046: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1037:(3,066 votes) 1036: 1033: 1031:(3,155 votes) 1030: 1027: 1025:(3,223 votes) 1024: 1021: 1019:(3,420 votes) 1018: 1015: 1013:(3,437 votes) 1012: 1011: 1007: 1005:(3,552 votes) 1004: 1001: 999:(3,605 votes) 998: 995: 993:(3,697 votes) 992: 989: 988: 987: 986: 978: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 956: 953: 947: 941: 930: 927: 917: 914: 904: 901: 891: 888: 876: 873: 870: 867: 859: 856: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 842: 838: 835: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 821: 817: 814: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 800: 796: 793: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 779: 775: 772: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 758: 741: 737: 732: 727: 725: 721: 720:voter turnout 717: 712: 705: 703: 701: 697: 693: 688: 682: 678: 670: 668: 664: 661: 657: 653: 649: 648: 642: 636: 632: 625: 623: 619: 617: 610: 605: 601: 599: 594: 591: 587: 584: 582: 581:Liechtenstein 573: 569: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 544: 540: 538: 536: 533: 531: 530:Prince-regent 528: 527: 523: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 510: 496: 487: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 466: 464: 460: 452: 450: 448: 444: 440: 435: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 404: 402: 401:head of state 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 373: 372:Liechtenstein 361: 356: 354: 349: 347: 342: 341: 339: 338: 332: 329: 328: 326: 325: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 304: 300: 296: 293: 292: 286: 282: 281: 279: 278: 275: 270: 269: 262: 259: 257: 254: 253: 250: 245: 244: 237: 234: 232: 229: 222: 221: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 199: 198: 196: 195: 194: 190: 189: 183: 182: 173: 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Retrieved 2079: 2070: 2062: 2056:the original 2043: 2029: 2017:. Retrieved 2008: 1996: 1987: 1963:. Retrieved 1959:the original 1954: 1945: 1933:. Retrieved 1926: 1902:. Retrieved 1898: 1871:. Retrieved 1861: 1850:. Retrieved 1840: 1829:. Retrieved 1819: 1807: 1795: 1783:. Retrieved 1774: 1765: 1753: 1739: 1727: 1715:. Retrieved 1708: 1699: 1687:. Retrieved 1683: 1674: 1666: 1658: 1650:the original 1640: 1628: 1614: 1497: 1488: 1478:one or more 1476: 1470: 1449:Schellenberg 1405: 1403: 1395: 1339: 1311:Erich Hasler 1310: 1304: 1270: 1264: 1254: 1248: 1242: 1236: 1228: 1218: 1212: 1207:Daniel Oehry 1206: 1200: 1194: 1152: 1146:Thomas Rehak 1144: 1110: 1102: 1096: 1086: 1080: 1074: 1069:Walter Frick 1068: 1062: 1056: 1050: 1044: 1034: 1028: 1022: 1016: 1010:Albert Frick 1008: 1002: 997:Daniel Seger 996: 990: 951: 713: 709: 689: 685: 665: 645: 643: 639: 620: 616:collegiality 613: 595: 588: 585: 577: 572:Hans-Adam II 552:Daniel Risch 518:Hans-Adam II 467: 456: 453:Constitution 436: 405: 370: 369: 219: 172:Albert Frick 138:Daniel Risch 91:Hans-Adam II 57:Constitution 33: 26: 2908:Isle of Man 2843:recognition 2790:Switzerland 2725:Netherlands 2207:1992 crisis 2192:1918 putsch 2082:(in German) 1965:13 February 1785:15 February 1457:Triesenberg 1273:(920 votes) 1267:(929 votes) 1237:Peter Frick 1063:Günter Vogt 1051:Thomas Vogt 1035:Elke Kindle 912:Total votes 886:Valid votes 317:Visa policy 157:Legislative 2760:San Marino 2720:Montenegro 2700:Luxembourg 2680:Kazakhstan 2583:Azerbaijan 2389:Healthcare 2338:Neutrality 2152:Werdenberg 2147:Background 2086:2023-01-04 2019:9 February 1935:9 February 1904:9 February 1873:2012-04-10 1852:2012-04-10 1831:2012-04-10 1779:Strasbourg 1607:References 283:Minister: 145:Government 115:Succession 2898:Gibraltar 2695:Lithuania 2450:Languages 2404:Transport 2284:Elections 2243:Mountains 2231:Geography 1416:Gemeinden 1408:‹See Tfd› 1376:‹See Tfd› 1356:‹See Tfd› 1343:‹See Tfd› 1163:Unterland 805:Free List 432:Judiciary 261:Unterland 193:elections 186:Elections 168:President 127:Executive 2949:Category 2918:Svalbard 2903:Guernsey 2850:Abkhazia 2820:Scotland 2775:Slovenia 2770:Slovakia 2745:Portugal 2603:Bulgaria 2507:Category 2467:Religion 2379:Currency 2333:Monarchy 2267:Politics 2131:articles 2013:Archived 1928:Euronews 1667:BBC News 1547:Interpol 1543:Intelsat 1480:exclaves 1320:Source: 959:Oberland 938:Source: 698:and the 307:Passport 256:Oberland 200:General: 83:Prince ( 77:Monarchy 2810:England 2800:Ukraine 2750:Romania 2710:Moldova 2668:Ireland 2663:Iceland 2658:Hungary 2648:Germany 2643:Georgia 2633:Finland 2628:Estonia 2623:Denmark 2608:Croatia 2593:Belgium 2588:Belarus 2578:Austria 2573:Armenia 2568:Andorra 2563:Albania 2491:Outline 2418:Culture 2362:Economy 2319:Landtag 2139:History 1710:Reuters 1453:Triesen 1441:Ruggell 1437:Planken 1429:Gamprin 1421:Balzers 1391:  1371:  868:201,635 716:ballots 498:Office 420:Landtag 191:Recent 163:Landtag 2913:Jersey 2855:Kosovo 2795:Turkey 2785:Sweden 2765:Serbia 2755:Russia 2740:Poland 2735:Norway 2715:Monaco 2685:Latvia 2653:Greece 2638:France 2613:Cyprus 2472:Sports 2430:Anthem 2384:Energy 2253:Rivers 2129:  1717:1 July 1689:1 July 1582:UNCTAD 1459:, and 1445:Schaan 1433:Mauren 1425:Eschen 1412:German 1380:German 1360:German 1347:German 928:20,384 918:100.00 915:15,901 889:15,284 871:100.00 830:22,456 809:25,943 788:72,319 767:72,361 513:Prince 507:Since 504:Party 430:. The 2888:Åland 2825:Wales 2780:Spain 2705:Malta 2675:Italy 2498:Index 2457:Music 2374:Banks 2059:(PDF) 2052:(PDF) 1538:IFRCS 1461:Vaduz 931:78.01 892:96.12 865:Total 851:8,556 833:11.14 812:12.87 791:35.87 770:35.89 752:Seats 746:Votes 743:Party 609:Vaduz 598:Alois 535:Alois 501:Name 468:In a 441:with 103:Alois 2445:Flag 2311:LGBT 2021:2021 1967:2021 1937:2021 1906:2021 1787:2024 1719:2012 1691:2012 1562:OPCW 1533:ICRM 1508:EBRD 1389:lit. 1369:lit. 905:3.88 854:4.24 724:post 644:The 461:was 406:The 220:2025 214:2021 209:2017 204:2013 85:list 1591:WCL 1572:PCA 1557:ITU 1419:); 1286:DpL 1168:FBP 1126:DpL 964:FBP 902:617 839:New 755:+/– 399:is 2951:: 2078:. 2011:. 2007:. 1986:. 1975:^ 1953:. 1925:. 1914:^ 1897:. 1882:^ 1777:. 1773:. 1707:. 1682:. 1665:. 1589:, 1545:, 1463:. 1455:, 1451:, 1447:, 1443:, 1439:, 1435:, 1431:, 1427:, 1423:, 1414:: 1386:, 1382:: 1366:, 1362:: 1349:: 1281:DU 1178:FL 1173:VU 1121:DU 974:FL 969:VU 874:25 860:–5 797:+1 794:10 776:+2 773:10 484:. 449:. 297:/ 170:: 87:) 2541:e 2534:t 2527:v 2119:e 2112:t 2105:v 2089:. 2037:. 2023:. 1990:. 1969:. 1939:. 1908:. 1876:. 1855:. 1834:. 1789:. 1747:. 1721:. 1693:. 1622:. 877:0 857:0 836:2 818:0 815:3 749:% 683:. 359:e 352:t 345:v 20:)

Index

Judiciary of Liechtenstein
Politics of Liechtenstein

Constitution
1921 Constitution
Monarchy
list
Hans-Adam II
Hereditary Prince and Regent
Alois
Princely family
Succession
Prime Minister
Daniel Risch
Government
Landtag
President
Albert Frick
elections
2013
2017
2021
2025
List of general elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Oberland
Unterland
Foreign relations
Dominique Hasler

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