581:, who later co-authored several other Juice Plus research studies, was USAI's Executive Vice-president of Research and Development; and second author Robert J. Morin was a scientific advisor who helped design the products. State and federal enforcement actions drove USAI out of business in 1987. Wise became a consultant to Natural Alternatives International (NAI) in 1987 and a company executive (vice-president of Research and Development) in 1992. Barrett noted that Wise was also an NAI shareholder and that production of Juice Plus for National Safety Associates (NSA) was responsible for 16% of NAI's sales in 1999.
386:(2009). Other supplement products available in the Juice Plus line as of 2011 included Vineyard Blend (grape/berry juice powder-based) capsules, Juice Plus Complete (meal replacement powder), Juice Plus Chewables (Orchard and Garden Blends), and Juice Plus Chewables (Vineyard Blend). Discontinued products include Juice Plus Gummies, Juice Plus Thins (wafers), chewable tablets, and a vitamin formulation for dogs and cats.
373:'s office followed up on complaints that the company was deceptively requiring new distributors to make large upfront purchases of air and water filters. Each of the 32,000 distributors in Florida purchased an average of $ 7,000 worth of water filters, and many of these distributors were unable to sell all of them. The company's business in the United States decreased that year, requiring the layoff of dozens of employees.
652:. Simpson, known commonly as "O. J." and "The Juice", signed a multi-year six-figure contract with NSA in January 1994 and became an official celebrity endorser of Juice Plus. In March 1994, Simpson was videotaped telling 4,000 Juice Plus distributors at a sales meeting that the product had cured his arthritis, improved his golf game, and freed him from using anti-arthritic drugs. However, regarding the
399:
2302:
385:
Juice Plus was NSA's first product, launched in 1993. The primary products in the Juice Plus line include "Orchard Blend" (a fruit juice powder-based supplement) and "Garden Blend" (vegetable juice powder-based) capsules, which are sold together in a four-month pack at a cost of approximately US$ 167
406:
The main ingredients in Juice Plus
Orchard Blend and Garden Blend capsules (vegetable and fruit juices) are reduced to powder through a proprietary process by an unrelated supplier, and then blended and encapsulated by NAI, which produces the finished product. Juice Plus capsules are "enriched with
489:
Juice Plus products are marketed by individual distributors who receive sales commissions ranging from 6% (for enrolling five customers in 30 days) to 14% (for enrolling 20 customers in 30 days). Detailed sales figures for Juice Plus are not publicly available, but NSA representatives claimed that
29:
584:
NSAs Juice Plus website cites various research articles in support of the company's marketing claims about the biological effects of Juice Plus, maintaining that these "studies were conducted by independent researchers" at various universities. Several of the studies were co-authored by Wise and
540:
were inconsistent. Some studies have shown significant increases in vitamin E and C levels, while other studies have shown much weaker effects on vitamin E and C levels, and that the levels of vitamin E and vitamin C are not significantly increased. Juice Plus was found to increase blood
609:
advertising law. The AGCM cited evidence that the companies were posting fake user testimonials alleging that the products could help with weight loss and disease treatment. The parties involved had previously been the subject of an investigation on the
Italian television program
510:
vitamins and micronutrients, and it is excessively priced relative to its potential benefits. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Clinic referred to Juice Plus as a "pricey supplement" that is "distributed through a multi-tiered marketing scheme with exaggerated value and cost."
490:
Juice Plus achieved monthly sales of $ 6 million in 1993 and that it was the company's most successful new product. According to NSA vice-president John Blair, sales of Juice Plus in 2008 were "approaching $ 300 million but have leveled off due to economic factors."
506:, and other sources. The product has been criticized on the basis that: its marketing is unsupported by research data, it contains too little fruit and vegetable powder to offer significant clinical benefits, its effects can be attributed to the inclusion of added
803:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
629:(TGA) subsequent to the issuance of three infringement notices relating to the promotion of Juice Plus vitamin products for medical conditions, and to the use of endorsements by health professionals, in violation of the Therapeutic Goods Advertising Code.
349:
National Safety
Associates was founded in 1970 by Jay Martin, a schoolteacher-turned-entrepreneur, who continued as CEO as of 2012. NSA initially sold home fire-protection equipment via door-to-door salespeople. In the late 1970s, they expanded into
476:
per serving.) On 23 June 2011, ConsumerLab was informed of misinformation circulated by a Juice Plus distributor incorrectly stating the variation was due to the analytical method used. ConsumerLab responded that their analytic method used was ICP-MS
1480:
389:
In 2024, Juice Plus+’s launched
Luminate, which claims to support mental clarity and cognitive health, along with overall well-being. While it uses scientifically validated ingredients, the product statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.
523:
or effectively absorbed by the human body, and that some of the nutrients claimed to be in the products may not be present in significant amounts. Studies on nutrient absorption showed that subjects taking Juice Plus had elevated blood levels of
2109:
481:), a "highly precise and sensitive method of testing calcium". ConsumerLab also noted that the calcium deficiency in Juice Plus was confirmed with this method in two independent laboratories prior to publication of their Review.
699:
The
Foundation's website shows results of an ongoing customer survey (The Juice Plus Children's Health Study) which suggests a link between Juice Plus consumption and a general improvement in diet and lifestyle habits. The
1264:
Wise JA, Morin RJ, Sanderson R, Blum K (1996). "Changes in plasma carotenoid, alpha-tocopherol, and lipid peroxide levels in response to supplementation with concentrated fruit and vegetable extracts: A pilot study".
376:
NSA later expanded its business outside the United States, and according to the company, was selling products in 33 countries as of 2000. NSA stopped manufacturing and marketing its water filter product line in 2007.
1788:
Inserra PF, Jiang S, Solkoff D, Lee J, Zhang Z, Xu M, Hesslink R, Wise J, Watson RR (1999). "Immune function in elderly smokers and nonsmokers improves during supplementation with fruit and vegetable extracts".
664:, for which Simpson was tried and acquitted, Simpson claimed in his defence that he was too incapacitated by arthritis to have committed the murders and had continued to take the anti-inflammatory drug
1756:
Smith MJ, Inserra PF, Watson RR, Wise JA, O'Neill KL (1999). "Supplementation with fruit and vegetable extracts may decrease DNA damage in the peripheral lymphocytes of an elderly population".
287:
2134:
712:
questioned the survey's scientific value, and claimed that the
Foundation is being used mainly as a marketing gimmick to get families to buy Juice Plus products. Barrett's organization
680:
code H99). Its stated goal is to promote better health in children. The foundation is chaired by executives of
National Safety Associates and operates from the company's head office in
457:
of 38 of the leading multivitamin/multimineral products sold in the U.S. and Canada. Testing included amounts of selected index elements, their ability to disintegrate in solution per
2470:
545:
levels in several studies, while other studies have indicated that Juice Plus does not raise blood levels of lycopene or other phytochemicals in fresh fruits and vegetables such as
781:
2626:
2414:
2384:
2161:
648:
University of
California Berkeley Wellness Letter and MLMWatch commented on the unreliability of Juice Plus testimonials provided by former professional athlete
3048:
2065:
Wise JA, Kaats GR, Preuss HG, Morin RJ (2009). "β-Carotene and α-tocopherol in healthy overweight adults; depletion kinetics are correlated with adiposity".
478:
668:. As a result of the controversy surrounding Simpson, NSA cancelled his endorsement contract and stopped using the Simpson videotape to promote Juice Plus.
1603:
1573:
1175:
423:". Two NAI-sponsored studies mention that the fruit and vegetable powders in Juice Plus include standardized levels of natural β-carotene derived from
503:
472:
Garden Blend failed
ConsumerLab's test as it contained only 76.4% of its claimed calcium, which was noted was low to start (labeled as just 4% of the
577:(USAI), a multilevel marketing company that sold vitamin supplements with illegal claims that they could prevent many diseases. In 1986, lead author
1292:
3179:
2647:
336:
There is no good evidence that Juice Plus offers health benefits. Many marketing claims made about Juice Plus products are false or misleading.
499:
2183:
815:
725:
2474:
2240:
1540:
2619:
957:
932:
1689:
636:(FTC) issued a warning letter to the Juice Plus Company for making unlawful claims that the company's products could treat or prevent
310:
2032:
897:
810:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
981:
701:
773:
605:
were levied a €1 million penalty by Italy's Competition and Market Authority (AGCM) for deceptive marketing practices in breach of
1092:
2187:
1118:
689:
626:
574:
462:
2733:
1347:
744:
2612:
2332:"Book review: After 'yuck,' the farce of O. J. Simpson's book -- 'If I Did It' reads like a self-absorbed counseling session"
1690:"Supplementation with mixed fruit and vegetable juice concentrates increased serum antioxidants and folate in healthy adults"
370:
2110:"Juice Plus, 1 milione di multa dall'Antitrust per i venditori di diete miracolose che si fingevano consumatori su Facebook"
1399:
829:
2977:
2422:
2392:
3174:
2723:
769:
466:
2014:
676:
The Juice Plus Children's Research Foundation (JPCRF), founded in 1997, is a non-profit medical research organization (
3073:
2216:
633:
2209:
614:
that looked into the sales tactics used by distributors to market the products, and which revealed the use of secret
3133:
2753:
2496:
2036:
1377:
458:
2518:
3063:
2138:
653:
1620:
1446:
Green, Frank (February 22, 1995). "O.J. plug is a plus. The prosecution mentions Juice Plus, and sales are up".
2503:
2444:
2287:
1577:
1013:
1183:
973:
You Can't Cheat an Honest Man: How Ponzi Schemes and Pyramid Frauds Work and Why They're More Common Than Ever
640:, as well as misleading claims that business opportunity participants were likely to earn substantial income.
1890:
Young, E.A.; Schenker, S.; Weser, E. (1987). "United Sciences of America, Incorporated: an "optimal" diet?".
3103:
2967:
2957:
2833:
2783:
2743:
1666:
1465:
1448:
681:
326:
2592:
2331:
2893:
1509:
362:
and educational games for pre-schoolers. In 1991, it was claimed that their sales structure constituted a
314:
283:
3083:
3033:
2997:
2933:
2698:
2635:
2586:
2307:
1040:
685:
355:
330:
28:
2285:(July 19, 1995). "Simpson exercise video shown in murder trial. Defendant jokes about punching wives".
333:. Juice Plus supplements contain fruit and vegetable juice extracts with added vitamins and nutrients.
3058:
3053:
2838:
1975:
1664:
Schontz, Lori (January 15, 2007). "Nutritional shortcut bypasses benefits of eating the real thing".
1300:
1211:
657:
1150:
573:
remarked upon the previous association between two authors of a 1996 Juice Plus research study and
2982:
1611:
3023:
2918:
2903:
2090:
1725:
1717:
693:
306:
248:
228:
104:
2562:
2237:
3128:
3108:
2938:
2082:
1991:
1945:
1907:
1867:
1850:
Stare, F.J. (1986). "Marketing a nutritional "revolutionary breakthrough". Trading on names".
1709:
1646:
1547:
1233:
977:
821:
811:
425:
261:
2210:"Warning Regarding Health and Earnings Claims Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)"
745:"ConsumerLab Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review - Ingredient Comparison Tables"
2923:
2818:
2718:
2113:
2074:
1983:
1937:
1899:
1859:
1798:
1765:
1701:
1274:
1223:
936:
1038:
Campbell, Laurel (August 31, 1993). "NSA returns to marketing focus, trims Memphis staff".
3118:
2868:
2558:
2532:
2244:
2040:
1821:
1070:
901:
866:
705:
566:
450:
684:. In fiscal year 2007, the majority of funds donated to the foundation were disbursed to
286:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
1979:
2808:
2758:
2708:
2652:
1096:
661:
606:
602:
1802:
1769:
1278:
1125:
565:
In a critique of Juice Plus, consumer health advocate and alternative medicine critic
3168:
3068:
3043:
3028:
2972:
2898:
2853:
2843:
2703:
2359:
2282:
2257:
665:
649:
554:
529:
412:
163:
84:
2094:
1721:
1355:
3002:
2908:
2683:
2162:"Juice Plus + fined €1m for illegal supplement selling on 'secret' Facebook groups"
1705:
578:
520:
363:
351:
60:
2604:
971:
870:
433:(vitamin E), which are supplied by the Henkel Corporation (now doing business as
3143:
2913:
2778:
2713:
2385:"Partial transcript of Simpson civil trial (Regina D. Chavez official reporter)"
1941:
1903:
1863:
519:
Concerns have been raised that the nutrients in Juice Plus+ capsules may not be
473:
44:
2184:"Multi-level marketing company fined $ 37,800 for alleged advertising breaches"
1378:"ConsumerLab Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review - Testing Method"
805:
3088:
3038:
2078:
713:
550:
430:
420:
359:
1650:
1228:
3148:
3123:
2987:
2883:
2858:
2803:
2763:
1987:
1400:"ConsumerLab Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review - Main Review"
709:
622:
570:
537:
533:
507:
416:
206:
193:
158:
2536:
2086:
1825:
1713:
1237:
825:
398:
1995:
1949:
1911:
1871:
1463:
Riggs, Rod (June 19, 1993). "Olympics may mean gold for San Marcos firm".
1424:
1322:
3078:
3007:
2992:
2878:
2848:
2813:
2788:
2773:
2768:
2748:
2673:
2363:
2336:
2261:
716:
includes the JPCRF among its list of "Questionable 'Research' Entities".
637:
615:
542:
408:
2537:"Questionable Research by the Juice Plus Children's Research Foundation"
3113:
3093:
2962:
2928:
2888:
2873:
2798:
2793:
2738:
2678:
2238:
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law: O.J.Simpson biography
598:
498:
Doubts have been raised about the advertised benefits of Juice Plus by
438:
138:
2688:
2415:"Simpson civil trial transcript (Regina D. Chavez official reporter)"
546:
525:
434:
176:
2448:
1546:. University of California Berkeley Wellness Letter. Archived from
935:. Kansas State University, Dept. of Human Nutrition. Archived from
900:. University of California Berkeley Wellness Letter. Archived from
3153:
3138:
3098:
2823:
2728:
2693:
2668:
2593:
Watchdog on Three: Do the claims of this health supplement add up?
1012:
Grady, Bill; Goozner, Merrill; O`Brien, John (February 19, 1991).
594:
397:
329:). Introduced in 1993, the supplements are distributed by NSA via
302:
74:
2598:
2135:"Juice Plus+, multa milionaria per pratica commerciale scorretta"
2949:
2863:
677:
2608:
2418:
2388:
1966:
Holden, C. (1986). "Scientists get flak over marketing plan".
618:
groups where distributors were posing as satisfied customers.
593:
In 2019, companies trading under the Juice Plus brand name in
1512:. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. November 27, 2012
774:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
621:
In February 2020, the company that markets Juice Plus in
2497:"IRS990 2008: Juice Plus Children's Research Foundation"
2360:"O.J. defense doctor: 'some guilty people are set free'"
1688:
Kiefer I, Prock P, Lawrence C, et al. (June 2004).
1212:"Fruit and vegetable concentrate or vitamin supplement?"
688:(a faith-based social welfare organization) and to the
2601:, a home carbonation system formerly produced by NSA
2445:"Juice Plus Children's Research Foundation homepage"
931:
Maruyama, Fudeko T.; Mary P. Clarke (January 1995).
3016:
2947:
2661:
2164:. Nutraingredients.com. William Reed Business Media
1323:"Yahoo Finance: Cognis Corporation Company Profile"
260:
247:
226:
205:
192:
175:
157:
136:
101:
83:
73:
57:
43:
38:
807:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
625:was hit with a $ 37,800 penalty by the Australian
2303:"Simpson said capsules killed his arthritis pain"
1826:"The Rise and Fall of United Sciences of America"
238:
148:
461:guidelines, lead contamination threshold set in
455:Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review
1176:"NSA International, Inc. Form 10-K (7/30/1996)"
1639:Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter
2620:
1574:"Dietary supplements: facts about Juice Plus"
1119:"Juice Plus+® for Dogs/Juice Plus+® for Cats"
441:, which is supplied by Schweizerhall Pharma.
8:
3049:European Grouping of Marketing Professionals
2447:. National Safety Associates. Archived from
2060:
2058:
1694:Journal of the American College of Nutrition
479:Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
21:
2471:"Juice Plus Children's Research Foundation"
2015:"USA: The strange rise and fall of one MLM"
2627:
2613:
2605:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1597:
1595:
1481:"MLM company reports sales of Juice Plus+"
976:. Silver Lake Publishing. pp. 186–7.
770:United States Food and Drug Administration
118:
20:
2829:Juice Plus AKA National Safety Associates
2563:"Questionable Organizations: An Overview"
2033:"Results of Juice Plus Clinical Research"
1961:
1959:
1928:Renner, J.H. (1986). "Science or scam?".
1923:
1921:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1227:
997:"Marketing—education is NSA's new game".
672:Juice Plus Children's Research Foundation
504:Center for Science in the Public Interest
2009:
2007:
2005:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1845:
1843:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1205:
1203:
1201:
892:
890:
888:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1151:"Juice Plus+ Luminate | Prepared Foods"
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
736:
449:Juice Plus+ Garden Blend was tested by
358:, then expanding their product line to
39:Nutritional value per 2 capsules (1.5g)
1354:. Schweizerhall Pharma. Archived from
500:Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
33:Juice Plus+ Orchard & Garden Blend
2330:Morrison, Patt (September 14, 2007).
2258:"If O.J. Simpson did it, this is how"
2256:Friedman, Roger (November 21, 2006).
2108:Scozzari, Carlotta (April 16, 2019).
926:
924:
922:
726:List of ineffective cancer treatments
532:, but the effects on blood levels of
502:, University of California Berkeley,
354:products. In 1986, they began using
7:
1014:"Case Could Drain A Marketing Pool"
784:from the original on March 27, 2024
671:
2391:. October 24, 1995. Archived from
1576:. The Diet Channel. Archived from
958:Partial company history as of 2012
437:), and ascorbic acid derived from
311:Natural Alternatives International
14:
2421:. January 6, 1997. Archived from
2311:. February 17, 1995. pp. 15A
1604:"Nutrition: who can you believe?"
702:University of California Berkeley
2358:Friedman, Roger (June 3, 2004).
2188:Therapeutic Goods Administration
1483:. NutritionalBusinessJournal.com
1210:Watzl B, Bub A (November 2003).
933:"Juice Plus, Food or Supplement"
832:from the original on May 9, 2024
627:Therapeutic Goods Administration
575:United Sciences of America, Inc.
561:Conflicts of interest in studies
27:
2473:. Guidestar.org. Archived from
1348:"Schweizerhall Pharma homepage"
1222:(11): 3725, author reply 3726.
1124:. nsaonline.com. Archived from
1095:. juiceplus.com. Archived from
3180:Multi-level marketing products
2599:The NSA Sparkling Water System
1706:10.1080/07315724.2004.10719362
371:United States Attorney General
345:Foundation and early marketing
1:
1803:10.1016/S1096-2190(99)00010-4
1770:10.1016/S0271-5317(99)00107-4
1637:"The minuses of Juice Plus".
1279:10.1016/S0011-393X(96)80053-1
1093:"Other Juice Plus+® Products"
1071:"Other Juice Plus+® Products"
871:"Juice Plus: A Critical Look"
469:(FDA) labeling requirements.
2734:Discount Home Shoppers' Club
2724:Crowd Sourcing International
2160:Chu, Will (April 25, 2019).
515:Nutrients and phytochemicals
467:Food and Drug Administration
282:Percentages estimated using
3074:International Heritage Inc.
2217:US Federal Trade Commission
1942:10.1056/NEJM198610093151517
1904:10.7326/0003-4819-107-1-101
1864:10.1056/NEJM198610093151518
1057:Jefferson City News-Tribune
634:US Federal Trade Commission
445:ConsumerLab product testing
16:Line of dietary supplements
3196:
3134:United Sciences of America
2978:Nature's Sunshine Products
2754:Fuel Freedom International
2037:National Safety Associates
1425:"NSA Inc. Company Profile"
459:United States Pharmacopeia
319:National Safety Associates
49:21 kJ (5.0 kcal)
3064:Fortune Hi-Tech Marketing
2643:
2139:Radiotelevisione svizzera
2079:10.1080/09637480902852553
1619:(4): 23–7. Archived from
463:California Proposition 65
281:
273:
222:
218:
132:
128:
121:
117:
97:
93:
53:
26:
2504:Internal Revenue Service
2288:Fort Worth Star-Telegram
2243:August 23, 2016, at the
1299:. Cognis. Archived from
1216:The Journal of Nutrition
898:"Juice Up and Dried Out"
22:Juice Plus+ Garden Blend
2968:LifeVantage Corporation
2784:The Longaberger Company
2744:Forever Living Products
2114:Business Insider Italia
1988:10.1126/science.3775374
1667:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1466:San Diego Union-Tribune
1449:San Diego Union-Tribune
1413:(subscription required)
758:(subscription required)
682:Collierville, Tennessee
327:Collierville, Tennessee
292:Source: ConsumerLab.com
284:US recommendations
2894:Southwestern Advantage
1541:"Juice Plus—and minus"
1229:10.1093/jn/133.11.3725
690:Boys & Girls Clubs
589:Advertising violations
403:
315:San Marcos, California
288:the National Academies
3084:Koscot Interplanetary
3034:Black Oxygen Organics
2998:Usana Health Sciences
2934:World Financial Group
2699:Arbonne International
2636:Multi-level marketing
2519:registration required
2308:San Jose Mercury News
1553:on September 28, 2007
1155:www.preparedfoods.com
1041:The Commercial Appeal
999:The Commercial Appeal
970:Walsh, James (2009).
960:(archived 2013-10-13)
686:Volunteers of America
401:
356:multi-level marketing
331:multi-level marketing
123:Vitamins and minerals
3059:Excel Communications
3054:European Home Retail
2839:North American Power
2834:Neal's Yard Remedies
1580:on November 20, 2006
1186:on February 13, 2008
1180:sec.edgar-online.com
1099:on November 30, 2005
1059:. November 26, 2000.
704:Wellness Letter and
658:Nicole Brown Simpson
309:. It is produced by
3175:Dietary supplements
2983:Nu Skin Enterprises
2425:on February 9, 2007
2395:on February 8, 2007
2190:. February 18, 2020
2067:Int J Food Sci Nutr
1980:1986Sci...234.1063H
1974:(4780): 1063–1064.
1293:"Welcome to Cognis"
939:on February 6, 2006
907:on October 13, 2005
465:, and meeting U.S.
381:Supplement products
307:dietary supplements
23:
3024:Aman Futures Group
2919:Usborne Publishing
2904:Success University
2589:– official website
2477:on January 1, 2015
1728:on April 15, 2013.
1645:(6): S1, 4. 2006.
1602:Stanton R (2000).
1303:on August 20, 2007
1055:"Business notes".
632:In June 2020, the
435:Cognis Corporation
404:
3162:
3161:
3129:The Trump Network
3109:Royal Tongan Limu
2939:YTB International
1764:(10): 1507–1518.
1352:schweizerhall.com
1131:on March 24, 2012
817:978-0-309-48834-1
426:Dunaliella salina
402:Juice Plus+ pills
296:
295:
277:
276:
3187:
2924:Vector Marketing
2819:Modi Enterprises
2629:
2622:
2615:
2606:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2559:Barrett, Stephen
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2533:Barrett, Stephen
2529:
2523:
2522:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2501:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2451:on April 9, 2000
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2253:
2247:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2214:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2141:. April 16, 2019
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2062:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2043:on July 13, 2011
2039:. Archived from
2029:
2023:
2022:
2011:
2000:
1999:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1887:
1876:
1875:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1822:Barrett, Stephen
1818:
1807:
1806:
1785:
1774:
1773:
1753:
1730:
1729:
1724:. Archived from
1685:
1672:
1671:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1572:Goodwin, Kathy.
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1506:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1358:on June 11, 2008
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1261:
1242:
1241:
1231:
1207:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1182:. Archived from
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1130:
1123:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1001:. June 30, 1991.
994:
988:
987:
967:
961:
955:
949:
948:
946:
944:
928:
917:
916:
914:
912:
906:
894:
883:
882:
880:
878:
867:Barrett, Stephen
863:
842:
841:
839:
837:
800:
794:
793:
791:
789:
766:
760:
759:
756:
754:
752:
741:
660:and her friend,
494:Product research
429:and soy-derived
352:water filtration
242:
180:
152:
119:
31:
24:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3119:Sunshine Empire
3012:
2943:
2657:
2639:
2633:
2583:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2516:
2509:
2507:
2506:. March 6, 2009
2499:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2428:
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2413:
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2408:
2398:
2396:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2245:Wayback Machine
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2021:(June 1). 1987.
2013:
2012:
2003:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1889:
1888:
1879:
1858:(15): 971–973.
1849:
1848:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1810:
1787:
1786:
1777:
1755:
1754:
1733:
1687:
1686:
1675:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1626:on May 9, 2012.
1623:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1427:. biz.yahoo.com
1423:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1405:
1403:
1402:. June 15, 2011
1398:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1380:. June 15, 2011
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1263:
1262:
1245:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1073:. juiceplus.com
1069:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1018:Chicago Tribune
1011:
1010:
1006:
996:
995:
991:
984:
969:
968:
964:
956:
952:
942:
940:
930:
929:
920:
910:
908:
904:
896:
895:
886:
876:
874:
865:
864:
845:
835:
833:
818:
802:
801:
797:
787:
785:
768:
767:
763:
757:
750:
748:
747:. June 15, 2011
743:
742:
738:
734:
722:
706:Stephen Barrett
674:
656:of his ex-wife
646:
591:
567:Stephen Barrett
563:
555:β-cryptoxanthin
517:
496:
487:
451:ConsumerLab.com
447:
396:
383:
347:
342:
291:
268:
255:
243:
213:
200:
187:
178:
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162:
153:
124:
113:
108:
69:
64:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3193:
3191:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:Rodan + Fields
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2809:Market America
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2759:Grupo Omnilife
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2709:BioPerformance
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2653:Direct selling
2650:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2582:
2581:External links
2579:
2577:
2576:
2550:
2524:
2488:
2462:
2436:
2406:
2376:
2350:
2322:
2294:
2283:Deutsch, Linda
2274:
2248:
2230:
2219:. June 5, 2020
2201:
2175:
2152:
2126:
2100:
2054:
2024:
2001:
1955:
1917:
1892:Ann Intern Med
1877:
1839:
1808:
1775:
1731:
1673:
1656:
1629:
1591:
1564:
1523:
1494:
1472:
1455:
1438:
1416:
1391:
1369:
1339:
1314:
1284:
1273:(6): 445–461.
1243:
1197:
1167:
1142:
1110:
1084:
1062:
1047:
1030:
1004:
989:
982:
962:
950:
918:
884:
843:
816:
795:
761:
735:
733:
730:
729:
728:
721:
718:
673:
670:
662:Ronald Goldman
645:
642:
607:European Union
603:United Kingdom
590:
587:
562:
559:
516:
513:
495:
492:
486:
483:
446:
443:
439:acerola cherry
431:d-α-tocopherol
395:
392:
382:
379:
369:In 1993, the
346:
343:
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338:
294:
293:
279:
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58:
55:
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32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3192:
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3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:Nouveau Riche
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3069:Holiday Magic
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3029:Beautycounter
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Morinda, Inc.
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:Stream Energy
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Pampered Chef
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Ong Kean Swan
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Avon Products
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2600:
2597:
2595:- BBC (video)
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2569:September 21,
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2505:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2429:September 15,
2424:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2399:September 15,
2394:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2369:September 15,
2365:
2361:
2354:
2351:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2315:September 15,
2310:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2267:September 15,
2263:
2259:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2218:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2163:
2156:
2153:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2073:(s3): 65–75.
2072:
2068:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:(3): 205–11.
1699:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1657:
1652:
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1633:
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1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1598:
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1579:
1575:
1568:
1565:
1549:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1439:
1431:September 15,
1426:
1420:
1417:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1332:September 16,
1328:
1327:biz.yahoo.com
1324:
1318:
1315:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1267:Curr Ther Res
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1190:September 15,
1185:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1127:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1098:
1094:
1088:
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1072:
1066:
1063:
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1048:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1031:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1000:
993:
990:
985:
983:9781563431692
979:
975:
974:
966:
963:
959:
954:
951:
938:
934:
927:
925:
923:
919:
903:
899:
893:
891:
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872:
868:
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860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
844:
831:
827:
823:
819:
813:
809:
808:
799:
796:
783:
779:
775:
771:
765:
762:
746:
740:
737:
731:
727:
724:
723:
719:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
669:
667:
666:sulfasalazine
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:O. J. Simpson
644:O. J. Simpson
643:
641:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
608:
604:
600:
596:
588:
586:
582:
580:
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572:
568:
560:
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531:
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509:
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501:
493:
491:
484:
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475:
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464:
460:
456:
452:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:
422:
418:
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413:ascorbic acid
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2543:February 5,
2539:. MLM Watch
2455:October 15,
1936:(15): 971.
1828:. MLM Watch
1797:(1): 3–10.
1612:The Skeptic
1584:October 15,
1557:October 15,
1023:January 20,
873:. MLM Watch
474:Daily Value
360:air filters
3169:Categories
3089:Metabolife
3039:BurnLounge
2587:Juice Plus
2510:August 10,
2481:August 21,
1791:Integr Med
1406:August 18,
1384:August 18,
1297:cognis.com
1044:. Memphis.
877:August 21,
751:August 18,
732:References
714:Quackwatch
601:, and the
551:zeaxanthin
530:β-carotene
421:folic acid
299:Juice Plus
3149:WakeUpNow
3124:Telexfree
2988:Protandim
2884:SeneGence
2859:Primerica
2804:Mannatech
2764:Herbalife
2638:companies
1651:1526-0143
1077:August 8,
788:March 28,
710:MLM Watch
623:Australia
571:MLM Watch
538:vitamin C
534:vitamin E
508:exogenous
453:in their
417:vitamin E
207:Vitamin E
194:Vitamin C
177:Folate (B
159:Vitamin A
3079:Kleeneze
3008:Younique
2993:Sunrider
2879:Scentura
2849:Oriflame
2814:Medifast
2789:Longrich
2774:Mary Kay
2769:Isagenix
2749:FreeLife
2674:ACN Inc.
2364:Fox News
2343:June 25,
2337:LA Times
2262:Fox News
2241:Archived
2095:28262943
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1832:July 27,
1758:Nutr Res
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943:July 22,
836:June 21,
830:Archived
826:30844154
782:Archived
772:(2024).
720:See also
638:COVID-19
616:Facebook
543:lycopene
409:carotene
305:line of
235:Quantity
229:Minerals
145:Quantity
139:Vitamins
3114:Solavei
3094:MonaVie
3044:Equinox
3017:Defunct
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2889:Shaklee
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2794:LuLaRoe
2739:Eqology
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2047:June 1,
1996:3775374
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1968:Science
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1135:June 1,
1103:June 1,
694:Memphis
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407:pure β-
340:History
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249:Calcium
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112:<1 g
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2689:Amsoil
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269:10 mg
256:40 mg
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201:42 mg
2958:ASEA
2950:Utah
2864:Qnet
2648:List
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2147:2020
2121:2020
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1992:PMID
1946:PMID
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1868:PMID
1834:2007
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